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Статті в журналах з теми "Recycling organic wastes":
1
Bhat, Sartaj Ahmad, Jaswinder Singh, and Adarsh Pal Vig. "Management of Sugar Industrial Wastes through Vermitechnology." International Letters of Natural Sciences 55 (June 2016): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.55.35.
Анотація:
The present paper discusses the role of earthworms in recycling of sugar industrial wastes. The wastes generated from sugar industry are pressmud, bagasse, bagasse fly ash, sugar cane trash, sugar beet mud, sugar beet pulp, molasses etc. These wastes when mixed with other organic substrates become ideal mixtures for growth of earthworms. These wastes if stored in open field’s causes contamination in the environment and may cause several diseases in public health. But the governments have been unable to tackle the menace of solid waste pollution due to dearth of appropriate technologies, finance and space. Therefore, environment friendly and cost effective technologies for nutrient recycling or remediation of wastes are being advocated as an alternative means for conserving and replenishing natural resources of the ecosystems. Vermicomposting is one such technology that synergises microbial degradation with earthworm’s activity for reducing, reusing and recycling waste materials in a shorter span of time. Earthworm technology can convert sugar industrial wastes into valuable fertilizing material. The final product (vermicompost) produced during the process of vermicomposting is nutrient rich organic fertilizer with plant available nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. In the present study an attempt has been made to document the role of earthworms in reuse of sugar industry waste.
2
Bhat, Sartaj Ahmad, Jaswinder Singh, and Adarsh Pal Vig. "Management of Sugar Industrial Wastes through Vermitechnology." International Letters of Natural Sciences 55 (June 3, 2016): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-jh3zmh.
Анотація:
The present paper discusses the role of earthworms in recycling of sugar industrial wastes. The wastes generated from sugar industry are pressmud, bagasse, bagasse fly ash, sugar cane trash, sugar beet mud, sugar beet pulp, molasses etc. These wastes when mixed with other organic substrates become ideal mixtures for growth of earthworms. These wastes if stored in open field’s causes contamination in the environment and may cause several diseases in public health. But the governments have been unable to tackle the menace of solid waste pollution due to dearth of appropriate technologies, finance and space. Therefore, environment friendly and cost effective technologies for nutrient recycling or remediation of wastes are being advocated as an alternative means for conserving and replenishing natural resources of the ecosystems. Vermicomposting is one such technology that synergises microbial degradation with earthworm’s activity for reducing, reusing and recycling waste materials in a shorter span of time. Earthworm technology can convert sugar industrial wastes into valuable fertilizing material. The final product (vermicompost) produced during the process of vermicomposting is nutrient rich organic fertilizer with plant available nutrients such as nitrogen, potassium, calcium and phosphorus. In the present study an attempt has been made to document the role of earthworms in reuse of sugar industry waste.
3
Wojnowska-Baryła, Irena, Dorota Kulikowska, and Katarzyna Bernat. "Effect of Bio-Based Products on Waste Management." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 9, 2020): 2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12052088.
Анотація:
This article focuses on the end-of-life management of bio-based products by recycling, which reduces landfilling. Bio-plastics are very important materials, due to their widespread use in various fields. The advantage of these products is that they primarily use renewable materials. At its end-of-life, a bio-based product is disposed of and becomes post-consumer waste. Correctly designing waste management systems for bio-based products is important for both the environment and utilization of these wastes as resources in a circular economy. Bioplastics are suitable for reuse, mechanical recycling, organic recycling, and energy recovery. The volume of bio-based waste produced today can be recycled alongside conventional wastes. Furthermore, using biodegradable and compostable bio-based products strengthens industrial composting (organic recycling) as a waste management option. If bio-based products can no longer be reused or recycled, it is possible to use them to produce bio-energy. For future effective management of bio-based waste, it should be determined how these products are currently being managed. Methods for valorizing bio-based products should be developed. Technologies could be introduced in conjunction with existing composting and anaerobic digestion infrastructure as parts of biorefineries. One option worth considering would be separating bio-based products from plastic waste, to maintain the effectiveness of chemical recycling of plastic waste. Composting bio-based products with biowaste is another option for organic recycling. For this option to be viable, the conditions which allow safe compost to be produced need to be determined and compost should lose its waste status in order to promote bio-based organic recycling.
4
Çelik, Filiz. "Konya’da Sürdürülebilir Kentsel Yeşil Alanlar için Geri Dönüşüm Modeli." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 6, no. 10 (October 1, 2018): 1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v6i10.1402-1411.2045.
Анотація:
Urban green spaces can be a comprehensive tool to ensure the sustainability of cities. The sustainability of green areas in planning, design, implementation, maintenance and operation processes contributes to the sustainable development of cities as well. There are many ways to ensure that green areas are sustainable from a social, economic and ecological point of view. These include the construction and use of compost under recycling and re-evaluation. The wastes generated as a result of periodic maintenance in urban green areas are disposed together with other wastes in solid waste storage area. However, the use of organic wastes in composting can ensure that green areas are sustainable by reducing both recycling and periodic maintenance costs of green areas. The aim of this study is to improve the idea of recycling and re-evaluation of organic wastes which are emerged in green areas by composting and using them in green areas. For this purpose, a model for composting and replacing fertilizer from organic wastes emerged in green areas of Konya was proposed. Thus, the costs of green areas with very high design, implementation and maintenance expenses will be reduced and they will be sustainable within themselves. The sustainability of urban green spaces will also contribute to Konya's urban sustainability.
5
Silva, Adriane de A., Adriana M. da Costa, Regina M. Q. Lana, and Ângela M. Q. Lana. "Recycling of nutrients with application of organic waste in degraded pasture." Engenharia Agrícola 32, no. 2 (April 2012): 405–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-69162012000200020.
Анотація:
The utilization of organic wastes represents an alternative to recover degraded pasture. The experiment aimed to assess the changes caused by the provision of different organic waste (poultry litter, turkey litter and pig manure) in a medium-textured Oxisol in Brazilian Savanna under degraded pasture. It was applied different doses of waste compared to the use of mineral fertilizers and organic mineral and evaluated the effect on soil parameters (pH, organic matter, phosphorus and potassium) and leaf of Brachiariadecumbens (crude protein, phosphorus and dry mass production). It was observed that application of organic waste did not increase the level of soil organic matter and pH in the surface layer, and the application of turkey litter caused acidification at depths of 0.20-0.40 m and 0.40-0.60 m. There was an increase in P and K in the soil with the application of poultry litter and swine manure. All organic wastes increased the productivity of dry matter and crude protein and phosphorus. The recycling of nutrients via the application of organic waste allows efficiency of most parameters similar to those observed with the use of mineral sources, contributing to improving the nutritional status of soil-plantsystem.
6
Islam, M. S., A. Sultana, M. Rasheduzzaman, G. K. Kundu, A. K. I. Kamal, and M. K. Uddin. "Assessment of the Present State and Economical Prospects of Solid Waste at Amin Bazar Waste Dumping Site, Dhaka, Bangladesh." Journal of Scientific Research 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 129–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v7i3.23415.
Анотація:
The study was conducted to explore the current status and the economical prospect of the solid waste management at Amin Bazar waste dumping site, Dhaka. A total of 48 waste samples were collected in both dry and wet season to study the physical composition, pH and moisture content of discarded wastes. The wastes were comprised of plastics (6%), paper (3.5%), glass (0.23%), garden waste (8.5%), food stuffs (72.25%), metals (0.16%) and textile products (3.25%). The pH values of the samples were ranges between 6.9-7.8 indicated the neutral condition. Larger portion of the wastes was organic (72%). About 14.38% of waste was recyclable but there is no recycling and composting facility. Proper recycling of the solid wastes at Amin Bazar can be a source of compost and useful metal resources which may contribute in safe and sustainable environmental management.
7
Yadav, Harshdeep, Shivanshu Sharma, and Kavita Bhadu. "Sustainable use of agricultural waste." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 19, no. 1 (January 15, 2023): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/19.1/336-341.
Анотація:
In India, which is mostly an agricultural nation, there are a lot of agricultural byproducts and wastes. The wastes and byproducts produced by agriculture are primarily organic in origin and contain nearly all of the nutrients required by plants. The biological cycle may be maintained by recycling waste and incorporating agricultural outputs into crop fields. The agricultural wastes may also be utilised as animal feed, organic manures and as a source of raw materials for ethanol and bioenergy production, among other things.
8
Rovin, S. L., A. S. Kalinichenko, and L. E. Rovin. "The return of the dispersed metal waste into production." Litiyo i Metallurgiya (FOUNDRY PRODUCTION AND METALLURGY), no. 1 (April 10, 2019): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/1683-6065-2019-1-45-48.
Анотація:
The article presents an alternative method of recycling of dispersed metal waste, based on a continuous solid-liquid-phase process, implemented in rotary tilting furnaces (RTF). The new proposed method of recycling allows processing wastes with almost any composition and state from metal to oxide and multicomponent wastes (shavings, fine scrap, mill scale, aspiration dust, sludge, etc.). The wastes can be even contaminated with moisture, oil, and organic impurities. The method developed does not require preliminary preparation of the initial materials (cleaning, homogenization, pelletizing, etc.). The finished products are ingots (pigs) for subsequent processing aiming the particular chemical composition or cast alloys of certain brend.
9
Dubrovskis, Vilis. "FORCED ANAEROBIC BIOCONVERSION." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 20, 2001): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2001vol1.1926.
Анотація:
Forced bioconversion of solid organic wastes as technology for Latvia conditions is presented. Every inhabitant produces 200~300kg solid wastes, about 0,6 mind per year in Latvia. Different technologies are used for utilisation of these wastes. The most popular are: landfilling, sorting and recycling, incineration, composting and anaerobic digestion for organic wastes. As new technology? in Latvia is forced bioconversion of municipal solid organic wastes. Approximately 250000 tons solid wastes per year are coming to landfill Getlini. 24% from them are usable for anaerobic digestion. Regulating of temperature and moisture content in wastes gives possibility to optimise process of bioconversion. Forced anaerobic bioconversion proceeds 4 -7 times faster as normal bioconversion in landfill. For this technology is necessary less investment for incineraton anaerobic digestion in bioreactors and composting in tunnels or halls. It is preferable for smaller landfills in Latvia too. For big landfill, where has sorting, the best solution: approximately 30% recycling, 25% wet organic for forced bioconversion, 45% for incineration.
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Karmakar, S., K. Brahmachari, A. Gangopadhyay, and S. R. Choudhury. "Recycling of Different Available Organic Wastes through Vermicomposting." E-Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 2 (2012): 801–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/945762.
Анотація:
Generation of organic wastes has been increased in an unprecedented rate in India with rapid population expansion, leading to disposal problems. These organic wastes can be converted into valuable wealth by applying vermicomposting technology. Vermicompost which provides macro and micro nutrients to the plants, also reduces pollution by providing a valuable substitute for chemical fertilizers. Present paper deals with vermicomposting of organic wastes from seven different sources and evaluation of nutrient in those vermicomposts following chemical analyses. These seven sources include coconut coir, water hyacinth, mixed materials, cabbage, banana pseudostem, cow dung, and rice husk. Three composting species of earthworms e.g.Eisenia. fetida, Eudrilus. eugeniae, andPerionyx excavatuswere chosen for the experiment. Chemical analysis of vermicomposts under study clearly showed that the vermicompost from water hyacinth contained maximum amount of organic C, total N, and total K though the phosphorous content was maximum in vermicompost from mixed materials. Lowest nutrient content was observed in vermicompost of coconut coir. Vermicomposts from mixed materials, cabbage, banana pseudostem were at per in their chemical properties. It can be concluded that among the seven sources, vermicompost from water hyacinth is best for its nutrient value.
Дисертації з теми "Recycling organic wastes":
1
Lau, Kin-wah. "Management, disposal and recycling of waste organic solvents in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19945139.
2
Zhou, Ying. "Composting of food waste with Chinese medicinal herbal residues as a bulking agent to produce a high-end organic fertilizer with antipathogenic effect." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/221.
Анотація:
Composting is a sustainable method to deal with huge amount of daily organic waste due to its robustness and easy operation. However, food waste (FW) as the main material in composting has disadvantages such as the heterogenous properties, high foreign matters contamination, high moisture content, low C/N ratio, poor structure, low porosity and high acidity during the initial phase of composting. These shortcomings not only influence degradation efficiency but also cease the composting process. Therefore, a bulking agent is required to increase the porosity and adjust the moisture content as well as C/N ratio of the composting mixture (Wong et al., 2010). For previous research, sawdust (SD) and tree barks were commonly used as the bulking agent in composting system but the demand for sawdust and tree barks significantly increased the cost of the composting process, and this has stimulated the demand of alternative substitutes. Therefore, the ideal situation is to find the bulking agent which is not only suitable for composting but is also a waste. Traditional Chinese medicine is widely used nowadays and huge amount of residues are accumulated and treated in landfilling (Wang and Li, 2013). According to previous research, only 5% of the active ingredients can be extracted from the medicinal plants which means there are still a large fraction of active ingredients remain in the herbal residues (Wu et al., 2013). In addition to the bulking property of Chinese medicinal herbal residues (CMHRs), it is assumed mature CMHRs compost have the ability to hinder regular metabolic pathway of phytopathogens after land application (Bernal-Vicente et al., 2008). The first experiment of this study investigated the formula between food waste, sawdust and CMHRs in order to achieve efficient composting. The experimental results demonstrated positively the use of CHMRs is a suitable candidate to co-compost with food waste. In terms of biodegradation decomposition efficiency and compost maturity, the treatment 1:1:1 (FW: SD: CHMRs, dry wt. basis) showed the best performance among all treatments with 67% organic matter degradation and 157% seed germination index. Only well-matured composting product can suppress plant diseases in soil since it has some microorganisms which can inhibit phytopathogens. The treatment 5:5:1 (FW: SD: CHMRs, dry wt. basis) also reached maturity but with a longer composting period; however, it was the treatment which could accommodate the highest quantity of food waste. The log copy number of the bacterial population was 7-8 initially, which decreased and stabilized along the composting. Results revealed that the CHMRs can be used as a bulking agent with food waste, and a dry weight ratio of 1:1:1 (FW: SD: CHMRs) would be optimum to achieve higher organic decomposition and faster maturity. However, the initial lower microbial population in the treatment, though without any adverse effect on the overall microbial decomposition, will warrant further work to indicate the total population is not a practical means to illuminate the effective microbial decomposition. Besides, the advantage in using CHMRs will need further experiment to indicate its potential pathogen suppression capability. Humification during co-composting of food waste, sawdust and CMHRs was investigated to reveal its correlation with compost maturity. The huge decrease in the treatment 1:1:1 (FW: SD: CHMRs, dry wt. basis) of aliphatic organics in humic acids (HA) demonstrated the degradation of the readily available organics, while an increase in aromatic functional groups indicated the maturity of compost. Disappearance of hemicellulose and weak intensity of lignin in the CMHRs treatments indicated that the lignin provided the nucleus for HA formation; and the CMHRs accelerated the compost maturity. Humic acid to fulvic acid (HA/FA) ratio of 1:1:1 treatment was the highest at the end of composting and showed a clear correlation with compost maturity as also evidenced through the presence of higher aromatic functional groups in the HA fraction. Pyr-TMAH-GC-MS results indicated that dominant groups were aliphatic and alicyclic esters and ethers at the early composting stages in all treatments. Long chain fatty acids were broken down into smaller molecular compounds earlier in treatment 1:1:1 (FW: SD: CHMRs, dry wt. basis), resulting from the faster decomposition rate. The complicated ring-structure components appeared dominantly at the later phase of composting. The peak intensities in treatment 1:1:1 (FW: SD: CHMRs, dry wt. basis) indicated that the composts became mature earlier than the other two treatments. In brief, the treatment with dry weight ratio 1:1:1 had greatest humification degree with more cyclic structures and stable final products at the end of composting. Water and acetone extract of composts with food waste and CMHRs were tested with their antipathogenic effect on two kinds of commonly found phytopathogens, Alternaria solani (A. solani) and Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum). Seventeen bacterial species and 22 fungal species were isolated and identified as prevalently existed microbes during composting process. The results of MIC50 indicated that the treatment with dry weight ratio 1:1:1 (FW: SD: CHMRs, dry wt. basis) required least concentration of composts extraction to kill half quantity of the phytopathogens, 16% for A. solani and 22% for F. oxysporum extracted by acetone. The phytopathogen suppression capacity of composts was partially due to antagonistic abilities from some of the isolated microorganisms as well as the inhibition of active compounds. As shown in the comparison, the interfere/compete between antagonistic microorganisms and target pathogens were more powerful than individually influenced by chemical compounds. However, the influencing factors should not be considered independently since antagonistic interactions between microbes in composts and phytopathogens are highly dependent on the abiotic properties of the composts and the alternative environment. In a word, the antipathogenic effects from composts were synergism of both antagonism and chemical factors. Suppressive capacity on phytopathogens is one of the major function of mature composts and the antipathogenic effect was stimulated when CMHRs was used as the bulking agent in composting process. The abiotic inhibitory rates of treatment 1:1:1 (FW: SD: CHMRs, dry wt. basis) indicated that more powerful bioactive components were remained at the end of composting than in the treatment 5:5:1 and control which had no CMHRs but plastic beads as the bulking agent. Hence sensitive and comprehensive analytical technique of ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF-MS) was utilized to acquire a better understanding of the complicated structures of final composting products. Seven dominant among 22 active compounds with antibacterial/antifungal properties were obtained in the treatments with CMHRs while 17 kinds of compounds with higher contents were shared in all treatments, which should be derived from food waste. The bioactive components from CMHRs composting were mainly from the groups of alkaloids, flavonoids and coumarins. Mature composts were used as biofertilizer to protect plants (Brassica chinensis and Lycopersicon esculentum) from phytopathogenic infection. This study showed the crop yields were increased with the addition of mature CMHRs composts to acid soil, and 5% CMHRs compost was the optimum application rate, while at the higher application rate of 10% (dry weight basis, w/w) plant growth was inhibited which might be due to the higher salt contents and the phytotoxicity of alkaloids, flavonoids and coumarins in the CMHRs. According to the biomass results, Brassica chinensis was more sensitive to the inhibitory effect of phytopathogen inoculation, while nutrient supply was to a less extent due to the short growth period as compared to Lycopersicon esculentum. The present study showed clearly that mature compost provided Lycopersicon esculentum and Brassica chinensis sufficient nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Additionally, the advantage of using mature CMHRs compost as a soil conditioner was also observed for blocking phytopathogenic infection from plant roots. The mechanism was mainly derived from the bioactive components in mature CMHRs compost which inhibited phytopathogenic activities in soil. Many identified compounds were alkaloids, flavonoids and coumarins which have powerful antifungal and antibacterial abilities and most of them maintained during growth period though their amounts reduced greatly due to their photolytic and pyrolytic properties. Therefore, mature CMHRs compost can be the substitute to reduce the usage of fungicides and its associated environmental hazards. The present study demonstrates clearly the beneficial effects of using CMHRs as a bulking agent to co-compost with food waste with the additional phytopathogens suppression property. Therefore, it is concluded that Chinese medicinal herbal residues can be a good choice of bulking agent in food waste composting system. Organic matter degradation and humification process were accelerated by CMHRs addition and mature CMHRs compost had antipathogenic effect and protect plants from infection
3
Chan, Man Ting. "Optimizing food waste composting process in fed-batch composter." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/217.
Анотація:
Composting is considered as an effective and sustainable food waste treatment technology from the perspectives of volume reduction, stabilization and releasing the pressure on landfills. Community composter is a decentralized composting facility in fed-batch operational mode which is usually being installed in the backyard of institutes, hospitals, housing estate etc. to handle the food wastes generated daily. Albeit numerous operational issues including high initial acidity and oil content, poor decomposition and odor generation are commonly encountered in these facilities, which make it difficult to be accepted by the public. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to develop a composting mix formulation that can provide a solution to all these issues in a fed-batch food waste composting process. The first phase of this study aims at finding out an optimized formulation in a batch-scale food waste composting process through the use of alkaline amendments and microbial inoculum. For the first two experiments, artificial food wastes were prepared by mixing 1.3kg bread, 1kg boiled rice, 1kg cabbage, 0.5kg fully boiled pork and mixed with sawdust to obtain a C/N of 30 and adjusted moisture of the mixtures to 55%. The effect of different concentrations of zeolite compared to lime was studied in the first experiment. Zeolite was amended with food wastes and sawdust mixtures at 2% (ZI-2), 5% (ZI-5), 10% (ZI-10) to compare with lime in 2.25% (L-2.25) w/w (dry weight basis) and composted for 56 days. Results demonstrated that 10% of zeolite was optimal amendment rate compared to lower dosage of zeolite (2% & 5%) with stronger pH buffering capacity and greater decomposition efficiency. Addition of 2.25% of lime buffered the pH efficiently but increased the ammonia loss significantly which eventually reduced total nitrogen (TN) content of final product and posed odor emission problem. Amendment of 10% zeolite provided a higher adsorption affinity on ammonia resulting in 2.05% of TN value of final product which was higher than 1.72% of lime treatment. Furthermore, significantly higher seed germination 150% was achieved of ZI-10 compost compared to 135% of L-2.25 due to low ammonium content of product. The first experiment showed that application of less than 10% zeolite was not sufficient to buffer the acidity; as a result, organic matter decomposition was inhibited. However, the cost and reduction in treatment percentage of food waste in 10% application rate of zeolite is an issue of concern. To tackle this dilemma, food waste was amended with struvite salts at 1:2 molar ratio of MgO and K2HPO4 (Mg:P) with or without zeolite amended at either 5% or 10% amendment (Mg:P, Z5 + Mg:P & Z10 + Mg:P) and a control treatment with food waste only was also included. Results showed that treatment of Z10 + Mg:P was synergistically achieved of pH and EC buffering, and N conservation but not for the case of 5 % zeolite. Treatment of Z10 + Mg:P further reduced the N loss to 18% compared to 25% and 27% of Mg:P and Z5 + Mg:P respectively. However, there was insignificant difference in the final nitrogen content and decomposition rate among all treatments with struvite salts amendment. Comparing to the treatment of Z-10 of the first experiment to Z10 + Mg:P of the second experiment, Z-10 showed superior performance since better decomposition efficiency, shorter time to require to pass the GI (28 Days) and lower cost because of salts exclusion. To develop a multipurpose formulation for the fed-batch operational food waste composter, high lipids problem in food waste cannot be neglected because it is a critical factor to hinder the decomposition efficiency. Inoculation of oil degradative microorganisms was reported as an effective approach to facilitate the lipids. Therefore, the third experiment was to investigate the overall composting performance supplemented with 10% zeolite and microbial consortium. 10% zeolite with bacterial consortium significantly reduced the lipid contents from 7% to 1% compared to control treatments. Furthermore, treatments amended with 10% zeolite was proved to reduce ammonia emission and total volatile fatty acids level in the composting mass, therefore the total odor emission level can be reduced. Zeolite at 10% was found to be a suitable optimum additive for both synthetic and real-food wastes. Therefore, treatment of 10% zeolite with bacterial consortium is selected as an optimized formulation for further study of its application in a fed-batch composter. Following the food waste zeolite composting formulation obtained in Phase I, the aim of Phase II was to develop an ideal composting mix formulation for on-site commercial composters. Although the results have been demonstrated 10% zeolite with bacterial consortium facilitated the composting efficiency in batch composter, those amendments may be over-estimated if applied in a fed batch composter by using real food wastes. With this constraint, the applicability of these additives in commercial fed-batch composter needs to be assessed using locally generated food wastes. Treatments included food waste and sawdust mixtures at 4:1 mixing ratio (wet weight basis) were mixed with 2.25% of lime (L2.25), 10% of zeolite (Z10) and 10% zeolite with bacterial inoculum (Z10+O) and a control of food waste with sawdust mixture only was also included. 35 kg compost mixture was fed into each composter respectively daily for a period of 42 days. Only Z10+O was the most suitable composting mix for fed-batch food waste composting process with continuous sustained high temperature (55-60oC), optimal moisture (55%-60%), alkaline pH and low EC during the experimental period. Bacterial inoculum significantly improved the lipids decomposition from 22.16% (C) to 3.10% (Z10+O) after the composting period. In contrast, lime and zeolite alone treatments could not maintain the optimal pH that led to reduce degradation and longer stabilization period. Only compost taken from Z10+O treatment could be classified as mature compost. The aim of the third study phase was to examine an optimal application rate of food waste compost produced from decentralized food waste composter for plant. A plant growth experiment was conducted in this phase to evaluate the change in soil properties and plant growth of Brassica chinensis and Lycopersicon esculentum. The experiment was conducted in a loamy soil amended with 0%, 2.5%, 5% and 10% food waste compost amendment rate compared to the control soil with chemical fertilizer amendment only. Results indicated that 5% was the optimal application rate of food waste compost for both crops among all treatments which can be evidenced by the highest biomass production and nutrients value of the plant tissues. Plant available nutrients such as NH4+, NO3-, PO43- were proportionally increased with increase in compost application rate. However, 2.5% of the food waste compost did not provide sufficient nutrients for plant growth and 10% showed negative effects due to increased salts content. Plants amended with chemical fertilizer had relatively low biomass production compared to compost amended treatments due to soil compaction and fast leaching of nutrients. It can be concluded that application of 10% zeolite with microbial consortium is an ideal composting mix formulation for on-site commercial composters and 5% is an optimal application rate of food waste compost of Brassica chinensis and Lycopersicon esculentum
4
Lau, Kin-wah, and 劉健華. "Management, disposal and recycling of waste organic solvents in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1998. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254056.
5
Khalil, Wael R. "Hydrothermal decomposition and oxidation of the organic component of dairy, wood and sludge waste streams and treatment impacts on anaerobic gas production." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2001.
Анотація:
The study presented in this thesis is part of a research effort that is focused on recovery and recycling of energy and material resources from organic waste
products. The major objective of this study was to investigate the use of hydrothermal treatment at moderate temperatures (100-250°C) to disintegrate and oxidise the organic component of three waste streams: wastewater treatment sludge; wood waste; and simulated dairy waste. The purpose of disintegrating the organic matter was to achieve two objectives: (1) production of thermal decomposition organic by-products that could be used to enhance the production of anaerobic gas from the treated wastes; and (2) reduction of the quantity of the waste. The three wastes material selected in this research are generated in large quantities. The organic component of wood mostly consists of cellulose fibres. The dairy waste
contains fat, proteins and hydrocarbons and the sludge contains fat, proteins,
hydrocarbons, and fibres. The effect of adding the oxidant, H202, to reduce the
organic content and enhance the thermal decomposition process was also investigated. The disintegration of organic particles was evaluated by assessing the
conversion of the particulate chemical oxygen demand (PCOD) and the production of dissolved COD (SCOD). The reduction of the organic content was evaluated
using the removal of the volatile solids (VS) and the total COD (TCOD) of the particulate and dissolved organic matter. The three waste types were subjected to hydrothennal treatment using various combinations of temperatures (100-250°C with increments of 50°C), reaction times (20, 40 and 60 minutes) and oxidant (H20 2) dosages (0, 50, 100 and 150% of the initial TCOD). The treated samples were mixed with seed microorganisms and incubated at 35°C in airtight serum bottles to achieve anaerobic gas production. The study confamed that hydrothermal treatment was capable of reducing the
organic content of the three waste types effectively. The COD removals achieved were in the range of 1-85% for the sludge, 2-86% for the dairy waste, and 8-86% for the wood waste. The treatment efficiency was dependent on the reaction time, reaction temperature and amount of oxidant supplied. The decomposition of the organic paiiiculate matter was accompanied by the production of dissolved organic matter. The maximum accumulation of soluble
organic matter (as measured by SCOD) was achieved when the majority of the particulate organic matter was decomposed. The maximum SCOD concentrations and the majority of the particulate organic matter removals were achieved as the TCOD removal reached 20% for the dairy waste, 40% for the sludge and 60% for the wood waste. The maximum SCOD concentrations were approximately 11,000 mg/L for the sludge (52% of the initial TCOD), 8,500 mg/L for the wood (32% of the TCOD), and 16,000 mg/L for the dairy waste (78% of the TCOD). The treatment by-products responded to anaerobic treatment and produced
significant quantities of anaerobic gas. Even with the reductions in the organic
content, hydrothermal treatment resulted in improved total gas production for all
three waste sources. The total gas production from the wood waste was the most significant. The specific gas production for the untreated wastes was in the following
order: dairy waste (0.44-0.55 mL/mg TCOD) >sludge (0.26-0.34 mL/mg TCOD) > wood (0.07-0.11 mL/mg TCOD). Following treatment, the specific gas production
was in the following order: sludge (0.13-0.69 mL/mg TCOD) >dairy waste (0.11- 0.58 mL/mg TCOD) >wood (0.02-0.42 mL/mg TCOD). The improvement in gas production from the wood waste suggested that the organic by-products generated from the wood using hydrothermal treatment were more readily available for anaerobic gas production than the original organic component of the wood.
6
Chan, Lap-shun, and 陳立信. "Biorecycling of waste in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1986. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31207534.
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Campos, Aloísio Torres de [UNESP]. "Análise da viabilidade da reciclagem de dejetos de bovinos com tratamento biológico, em sistema intensivo de produção de leite." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101909.
Анотація:
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campos_at_dr_botfca.pdf: 540232 bytes, checksum: a35a4cac7aab273cfb7389bf3d329beb (MD5)O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desempenho econômico e a eficiência do tratamento biológico aeróbio, na redução e estabilização da matéria orgânica biodegradável, de dejetos líquidos de bovinos, visando a sua reciclagem na limpeza hidráulica das instalações dos animais (free stall) e sua posterior utilização nas áreas de produção de forragem. O trabalho foi desenvolvido nas instalações do Sistema Intensivo de Produção de Leite (SIPL) da Embrapa - Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Gado de Leite (CNPGL), situado no município de Coronel Pacheco, MG. Dois reatores com capacidade útil de 300 m3 cada um foram construídos para compor as unidades do processo de lodo ativado por batelada (LAB), com sistemas de aeração prolongada e intermitente. Esses reatores foram dimensionados para um tempo de detenção hidráulico de 24 dias, com diluição dos dejetos (fezes + urina) em água na proporção de 1:1. Em cada reator foi instalado um aerador-misturador submersível, regulados para períodos de aeração de nove minutos e não-aeração de 18 minutos. Uma motobomba de rotor aberto, com vazão de 60 m3/h, foi utilizada para reciclar o efluente tratado sobre os corredores dos galpões de confinamento free stall e promover a limpeza hidráulica dos dejetos, que retornam aos tanques de aeração por gravidade por meio de canaletas. A drenagem dos reatores foi processada por uma motobomba submersa, com vazão de 10 m3/h, conduzindo o efluente até as áreas de produção de forragem, por escoamento superficial. A caracterização dos efluentes foi realizada por meio de amostragens na entrada e no interior dos tanques de aeração, na saída da tubulação de irrigação e dos dejetos puros dos animais. Foram analisados os seguintes parâmetros: pH, temperatura, óleos e graxas, DBO total e solúvel, DQO total e solúvel, sólidos totais fixos e voláteis sólidos...
The objective of this work was to evaluate the economic performance and efficiency of an aerobic biological treatment on the reduction and stabilization of the biodegradable organic matter of the bovine liquid manure. This effluent will be recycled in the hydraulic cleaning of the facilities (free stalls) and utilized in grass production areas. This work was done in the Embrapa - milk production intensive system (MPIS) facilities in Coronel Pacheco, state of Minas Gerais. Two reactors with capacity of 300 m3 each were built as the activated sludge sequencing batch reactor (SBR) units with prolonged and intermittent aeration. These reactors were dimensioned for a hydraulic retention time of 24 days with wastewater (manure + urine) dilution in water on the proportion of 1:1. In each reactor a submerged aerator-mixer was installed, with aeration and non-aeration periods of 9 and 18 minutes, respectively. A motor-pumping equipment with open rotor and flow of 60 m3/h was used for recycling the treated effluent on the halls of the free stall confinement facilities and to promote hydraulic cleaning of the effluent that will return to the aeration tanks by gravity conducted by channel structures. The drainage of the reactors was processed by a submerged motor-pumping equipment with flow of 10 m3/h driving the effluent to the grass production areas throughout superficial disposal. Effluent characterization was done by collecting samples on the entrance and the interior of the tanks, on the gate of the irrigation tubulation and on the bovine pure manure. There were analyzed the following parameters: pH, temperature, oils and fats, soluble and total BOD, soluble and total COD, volatile and total solids, sedimented solids, ammonia and total nitrogen, potassium, total phosphorus, magnesium and sodium. To evaluate the economic performance of the system, the costs, the annual investments... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Wang, Xuan. "Nitrogen conservation by struvite formation during composting process with food wastes." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2015. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/201.
Анотація:
Food waste as a dominant fraction of municipal solid waste was in most of cases buried in landfills creating a burden on big cities with large populations such as Hong Kong. Composting provided an environmentally viable technology to divert food waste to resource utilization for the production of valuable organic fertilizer. The main problem associated with food waste composting was the intensive acidification prior the commencement of the composting process, which is commonly adjusted by the addition of alkaline materials such as lime. However, more than 50% of the initial nitrogen will be lost as ammonia, which not just reduces the nutrient value of the compost but also leads to serious odour generation. Therefore the objective of this study was to develop means to reduce the nitrogen loss through struvite formation. The first experiment of this research investigated the feasibility of controlling the nitrogen loss through struvite formation during food waste composting. Struvite forms when magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) salts exist in equimolar ratio at a slightly alkaline pH. Thus to fix the ammonia, MgO and K2HPO4 were added to food waste indifferent molar ratios (P1, 0.05M/kg MgO and 0.05M/kg K2HPO4; P2, 0.05M/kg MgO and 0.1M/kg K2HPO4) to induce struvite formation that can fix the compost-borne ammonia during composting. The pH of the composting mass of P1 was below 5 for more than one. However, the pH of P2 was controlled in a narrow range from 6.8 to 8.7. This slightly alkaline pH ensured a good microbial activity and improved the degradation rate as well as the precipitation of struvite. In treatment P2, the formation of struvite effectively reduced the nitrogen loss from 40.8% to 23.3% when compared to treatment with lime amendment. However, electrical conductivity (EC) of the compost increased to 6.4 mS/cm due to the addition of Mg and P salts. High salinity of the compost retarded seed germination which required further investigation to reduce the salinity while maintaining good nitrogen removal. To overcome this issue, lime as the more effective alkaline amendment, was supplemented in different concentrations along with struvite salts (to P1 treatment having less Mg salt that could reduce the salinity) to alleviate the low pH and struvite formation. The pH of the composting masses were effectively increased with increasing lime dosages and 2.25% lime was sufficient to maintain the pH in alkaline condition that significantly improved the degradation of active organic compounds resulting in increased dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and soluble organic nitrogen (SON) contents. With 2.25% lime and struvite salts, ammonia emission was significantly reduced from 44.3 to 27.4% through struvite formation compared with lime alone treatment. Furthermore, the EC were also decreased from 5.21to 3.40 mS/cm when lime amendment rate increased from 0.75% to 3%. However, the ammonia emission increased with an increase in lime dosage. Interfering ions such as calcium and potassium were reported to affect the struvite formation and pH control. Therefore, in the subsequent experiment, the influence of different types of P salts was investigated to reduce the salinity as well as N loss. When K2HPO4, Na2HPO4 and H3PO4 were used as the supplementary P salts, there were no significant differences on nitrogen conservation. In addition, the results indicated that K+ and Na+ were attached on the surface of struvite rather than constituted the crystal structure. Compared with other P salts, the presence of K+ in K2HPO4 also made a contribution to total nutrient content that benefited the final product. When CaO was gradually substituted with MgO as pH amendment, ammonia emission was significantly reduced implying that Ca2+ ions would influence the struvite formation, either by competing for phosphate ions or by interfering with the crystallization. However, this negative effect could be ignored when the Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio was below 1:2. Considering the cost of MgO, supplementation of Ca2+/Mg2+ ratio at 1:2 (0.15M CaO and 0.3M MgO) with 0.05M K2HPO4 was identified as the optimum conditions (Treatment M0.3) that effectively reduced the nitrogen loss to 28% in contrast to 46% with lime addition. The significant reduction of ammonia emission through struvite formation was observed with the optimum condition that the odour unit (OU) of ammonia emission was reduced to 1.8×104 when compared with lime treatment (3.0×104) indicating a significant reduction of OIMAX (maximum odour index). Meanwhile, the well-controlled pH of this technology ensured the effective decomposition of organic matter that significantly reduced the emission of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) also. The population of total bacteria was also improved due to the addition of phosphate salts. The total nutrient content of struvite composts of treatment with optimum condition (M0.3) was 4.14% (1.5% N, 0.44% P and 2.2% K) that was higher than normal lime treated compost 2.92% (1.3% N, 0.34% P and 1.28% K). In pot experiment, soil was amended with composts at 0, 2.5%, 5% or 10% (w/w dry wt. basis). At the same application rate, the biomass yields of Chinese cabbage and cherry tomato plants were improved by struvite compost when compared tonormal compost. Considering the increasing salinity of soil with high application rate, the optimum dosage of 5% struvite compost is recommended. To conclude, a food waste composting technology was developed to achieve good nitrogen conservation and decomposition that alleviated odour issue and produced compost with higher nutrient contents, which increased its application value
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Fung, Shun On. "Reduction of odor generation through composting process control." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2007. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/827.
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Bertozzo, Fernanda [UNESP]. "Co-digestão anaeróbia de dejetos de bovinos e dois tipos de glicerina bruta." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/101810.
Анотація:
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000751281.pdf: 1417271 bytes, checksum: fa65857f4f8010ff39d07e4ccfef8730 (MD5)A glicerina bruta é um resíduo da produção de biodiesel de baixo valor agregado, no entanto, possui alto teor de carbono e potencial para produzir bons resultados se co-digerida de maneira anaeróbia com um material rico em nitrogênio como os dejetos de animais. Sendo assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a co-digestão de dejetos de bovinos leiteiros e dois tipos de glicerina bruta: bruta e bruta loira, em biodigestores anaeróbios operados em sistema semi-contínuo, sob delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado com cinco repetições por tratamento, sendo DBL – dejetos de bovinos leiteiros + água; DBL+GB – dejetos de bovinos leiteiros + glicerina bruta + água; DBL+GL – dejetos de bovinos leiteiros + glicerina bruta loira + água. As cargas diárias foram iniciadas tanto no DBL+GB como no DBL+GL com 1,25% de glicerina bruta passando em seguida para 2,5; 5; 7,5, 10, 15 e 20%; os aumentos nas porcentagens foram graduais e realizados a cada 30 dias, sendo este o TRH estabelecido. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: pH, acidez volátil (AV), alcalinidade total (AT), relação AV/AT, temperatura, reduções dos teores de sólidos totais (ST) e de sólidos voláteis (SV), produção de biogás/dia, teor de metano (CH4), potencial de produção de biogás por quilograma: de substrato (m3 kg-1 subst.), de sólidos totais adicionados (m3 kg-1ST adic.), de sólidos voláteis adicionados (m3 kg-1 SV adic.) e de dejetos de bovinos leiteiros (m3 kg-1 dej.), teores de...
Crude glycerin is a waste from biodiesel production with a low added value, however, it has a high carbon content and potential to produce good results if it is co-digested with a rich nitrogen material as animal manures. This way, the aim of this study was the co-digestion evaluation of dairy cattle manures and two types of crude glycerin: crude and blonde crude, in anaerobic digesters operated in semi-continuous system, under experimental design entirely randomized with 5 repetitions for each treatment, DBL – dairy cattle manures + water; DBL+GB - dairy cattle manures + crude glycerin + water; DBL+GL - dairy cattle manures + blonde crude glycerin + water. Daily loads were initiated both in DBL+GB and DBL+GL with 1,25% of crude glycerin and then rising to 2,5; 5; 7,5, 10, 15 and 20%; increases in percentages were made gradually and every 30 days. The parameters assessed were: pH, volatile fatty acids (VFA), total alkalinity (TA), VFA/TA ratio, temperature, removal of total solids (TS) and volatile solids (VS), biogas production, methane rate (CH4), potential of biogas production per kilogram: of substrate (m3 kg-1 subst.), total solids added (m3 kg-1 TS add.), volatile solids added (m3 kg-1 VS add.) and dairy cattle manures (m3 kg-1 dej.), nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, carbon and organic matter content and carbon/nitrogen ratio. Least Square Means statistics was used to analyze the data (p<0,05). DBL+GB and DBL+GL treatments provided increments in biogas production in relation to DBL in all crude glycerin percentages tested. CH4 contents have been satisfactory and always above 59%, in all treatments. The ST and VS removals from DBL were less than DBL+GB and DBL+GL, and in these, increases in crude glycerin quantities accompanied. Potentials of biogas production varied according to the analyzed parameter: per kg of substrate and per kg of manures were higher in DBL+GB and in DBL+GL ...
Книги з теми "Recycling organic wastes":
1
John, Shildrick, and National Turfgrass Council, eds. Recycling organic landscape wastes. Bingley: National Turfgrass Council, 1991.
2
Polprasert, Chongrak. Organic waste recycling. 2nd ed. Chichester: J. Wiley, 1996.
3
Polprasert, Chongrak. Organic waste recycling. Chichester: Wiley, 1989.
4
Top, Peter J. Food waste recycling plant. [Toronto]: Ontario Environment, 1992.
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Kaisha, Nissui Kon Kabushiki. Shokuhin haikibutsu no risaikuru enerugī riyō no tame no dētabēsu-ka moderu shisutemu-ka ni kansuru chōsa gyōmu hōkokusho: Heisei 19-nendo. [Tokyo]: Nissui Kon, 2008.
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United States. Office of Solid Waste. Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Division, ed. Organic materials management strategies. [Washington, D.C: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency], Office of Solid Waste, Municipal and Industrial Solid Waste Division, 1999.
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Chancellor, Deborah. Food waste. London: Wayland, 2009.
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Wines, Richard A. Fertilizer in America: From waste recycling to resource exploitation. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1985.
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Juriš, Peter. Hygienické a ekologické požiadavky na recykláciu organických odpadov v pol̓nohospodárstve. Prešov: Vydavatel̓stvo Michala Vaška, 2000.
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United States. Environmental Protection Agency. Office of Research and Development, ed. Guide to cleaner technologies: Organic coating removal. Cincinnati, Ohio: Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1994.
Частини книг з теми "Recycling organic wastes":
1
Chen, Yona, Yossi Inbar, Benny Chefetz, and Yitzhak Hadar. "Composting and recycling of organic wastes." In Modern Agriculture and the Environment, 341–62. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5418-5_28.
2
Xu, Lujiang, Xianjun Zhou, Chengyu Dong, Zhen Fang, and Richard L. Smith. "Sustainable Technologies for Recycling Organic Solid Wastes." In Production of Biofuels and Chemicals from Sustainable Recycling of Organic Solid Waste, 3–29. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6162-4_1.
3
Kardos, L. T., C. E. Scarsbrook, and V. V. Volk. "Recycling Elements in Wastes through Soil-Plant Systems." In Soils for Management of Organic Wastes and Waste Waters, 299–324. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1977.soilsformanagementoforganic.c12.
4
Gill, Parveen, Dharambir Singh, R. K. Gupta, Urmila, and Hem Lata. "Comparative Chemical Evaluation of Vermicompost Produced by Using Different Organic Wastes." In Waste Valorisation and Recycling, 219–24. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2784-1_20.
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Furedy, Christine, and Raakhee Kulkarni. "Demand for compost from urban organic solid wastes in Hyderabad." In Solid Waste Management and Recycling, 229–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-2529-7_11.
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Gilmour, C. M., F. E. Broadbent, and S. M. Beck. "Recycling of Carbon and Nitrogen through Land Disposal of Various Wastes,." In Soils for Management of Organic Wastes and Waste Waters, 171–94. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1977.soilsformanagementoforganic.c7.
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Njenga, Mary, Dannie Romney, Nancy Karanja, Kuria Gathuru, Stephen Kimani, Sammy Carsan, and Will Frost. "Recycling Nutrients from Organic Wastes in Kenya’s Capital City." In African Urban Harvest, 193–212. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6250-8_10.
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Shoaf, Trevor J., and Abigail S. Engelberth. "Recycling of Multiple Organic Solid Wastes into Chemicals via Biodegradation." In Production of Biofuels and Chemicals from Sustainable Recycling of Organic Solid Waste, 205–42. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6162-4_7.
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Yatoo, Ali Mohd, Saiema Rasool, Shafat Ali, Sabhiya Majid, Muneeb U. Rehman, Md Niamat Ali, Rafiqa Eachkoti, Shabhat Rasool, Shahzada Mudasir Rashid, and Sanah Farooq. "Vermicomposting: An Eco-Friendly Approach for Recycling/Management of Organic Wastes." In Bioremediation and Biotechnology, 167–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35691-0_8.
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Hajinajaf, Nima, Manali Das, Pradipta Patra, Amit Ghosh, and Arul M. Varman. "Recycling of Multiple Organic Solid Wastes into Biogas via Anaerobic Digestion." In Production of Biofuels and Chemicals from Sustainable Recycling of Organic Solid Waste, 173–204. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-6162-4_6.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Recycling organic wastes":
1
Kechaou, Nabil, and E. Ammar. "Biodrying process: a sustainable technology for treatment of municipal solid wastes organic fraction." In 21st International Drying Symposium. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ids2018.2018.7842.
Анотація:
The Municipal Solid Waste of Agareb (Sfax –Tunisia), characterized by high organic fraction and moisture contents is the most worrying pollution source that must be managed by innovative treatment and recycling technologies. Bio-drying, as a waste to energy conversion technology, aims at reducing moisture content of this organic matter. This concept, similar to composting, is accomplished by using the heat generated from the microbial degradation of the waste matrix, while forced aeration is used. The purpose of this work was to reduce the moisture content of the waste, by maximizing drying and minimizing organic matter biodegradation, in order to produce a solid recovered fuel with high calorific value.Keywords: Municipal solid wastes; organic matter; biodrying; composting; energy recovery.
2
Sakai, Seigo, Ryo Abo, Kuniomi Araki, and Nobushige Amino. "Pyrolysis of Organic Compounds Using Incomplete Combustion on Ceramics Bed." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-22553.
Анотація:
Presently, recycling and disposal of organic wastes need a large amount of labor and energy due to such problems as the dioxin emission. It is thought that to develop a new pyrolysis mechanism for organic wastes will contribute to solving the environmental problem. Therefore, we propose a safe and inexpensive pyrolysis mechanism in which incomplete combustion occurs in small area on ceramics bed (thin burning layer), because ceramics are highly thermo-stability and have good thermal radiation characteristics at high temperature. Organic compounds pyrolyze in the thin burning layer only.
3
Hersh, Benjamin, and Amin Mirkouei. "Life Cycle Assessment of Pyrolysis-Derived Biochar From Organic Wastes and Advanced Feedstocks." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97896.
Анотація:
Abstract Recent interest in reducing stress on the food-energy-water (FEW) nexus requires the use of renewable, organic products that can subsequently address environmental sustainability concerns, such as mitigating greenhouse gas emissions. Pyrolysis-derived biochar from organic wastes (e.g., nutrient-rich agricultural wastes and leftovers, forest harvest residues, and cattle manure) and advanced feedstocks (e.g., algae) is capable of addressing ever-increasing global FEW concerns. Biochar water-nutrient holding capacity and carbon sequestration are key attributes for improving organic farming and irrigation management. The major challenge to commercialize biochar production from organic wastes is the conversion process. Pyrolysis process is a cost-effective and successful approach in comparison to other conversion technologies (e.g., gasification) due to low energy requirement and capital cost, as well as high process efficiency and biochar quality. To determine the environmental impacts of the biochar production process, an analysis of the material, energy, and emission flows of a small-scale pyrolysis process is conducted for a real case study, using life cycle assessment method with the assistance of available life cycle inventory databases within OpenLCA software. The results demonstrate that this study is able to enhance sustainability aspects across FEW systems by (a) employing a portable refinery to address upstream challenges (i.e., collection, transportation, and preprocessing) of waste-to-biochar life cycle, (b) recycling domestic forest and agricultural residues (e.g., pine wood), (c) producing organic biochar-derived soil conditioners that can improve organic cropping and FEW systems. Ultimately, we conclude by discussing techno-economic and socio-environmental implications of biochar production from organic wastes and advanced feedstocks.
4
David, E., J. Kopac, R.-M. Marinescu, and A. Armeanu. "INVESTIGATION OF ORGANIC WASTES CONVERSION INTO USEFUL ENERGY RESOURCES USING PYROLYSIS PROCESS." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/4.2/s17.54.
Анотація:
The depletion of fossil fuels is a major concern for the world because of the demand for energy that has increased rapidly with population growth and urbanization. For sustainable development, energy producing industries are trying to find suitable substitutes for petroleum fuel that are environmentally friendly and economically feasible. Biomass ,such as bio-oil and biochar production, could be a possible alternative energy source. Production of biochar and bio-oil from chicken manure(CM) by the pyrolysis process could be a robust approach for organic waste recycling. In this work, experiments were conducted to examine the effect of pyrolysis temperature on the quality of chicken manure biochar (CMB) and to identify the optimal pyrolysis temperature for the conversion of CM into biochar. As the maximum pyrolysis temperature gradually increased from 350 to 650OC, the biochar yield, total nitrogen content in biochar, organic carbon (OC) content, and cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the produced biochar decreased ,while the pH value, ash content and BET surface area of the biochar increased. The generated biochar showed yields of 44.87�61.15% reported to raw material mass, organic carbon of 320�370 g/kg, pH value of 9.4�11.7, BET surface area of 2.65�6.35 m2/g and CEC of 50.21� 31.45 cmolc/kg. The maximum transformation of organic carbon from CM to biochar occurred at 550 OC, however 80.5% of N contained in CM was lost to volatile compounds at this temperature. To produce CMB for use as fertilizer, a temperature value of 350 OC should be selected in pyrolysis process while for environmental applications, 550OC is a suitable temperature value. The obtained results suggest that chicken manure could be used as potential feedstocks for slow pyrolysis process to produce high-value products useful as energy resources.
5
Chromec, Peter R., and Francis A. Ferraro. "Waste-to-Energy in the Context of Global Warming." In 16th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec16-1954.
Анотація:
In December 2007 the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) took place in Bali. It was based on the IPCC report no. 4 presented in Barcelona on November 2007. The messages are briefly: • Warming of the climate system is unequivocal; • Global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions due to human activities have grown since pre-industrial times; • Continued GHG emissions at or above current rates would cause further warming and induce many changes in the global climate system during the 21st century that would very likely be larger than those observed during the 20th century; • Key mitigation technologies in the waste sector: Landfill Gas (LFG) methane recovery; waste incineration with energy recovery; composting of organic waste; controlled waste water treatment; recycling and waste minimisation; biocovers and biofilters to optimise methane oxidation. The above by the IPCC proposed mitigation technologies for the waste sector can be categorized regarding specific waste treatment scenarios and their efficiency expressed in kg CO2 equivalent emitted per ton of waste. • Landfill w/o LFG recovery 1850 kg CO2-eq; • Landfill with LFG recovery 250–775 kg CO2-eq; • Energy-from-Waste plant −1000..−100 kg CO2-eq. With a population of little over 300 million people and a per capita municipal waste generation rate of 760 kg/person.year, the total waste generated in the USA is about 230 million Mg/year (OECD). With the treatment scenarios discussed above, the following can be stated: • If all wastes were landfilled waste disposal would correspond to 425 million tons of CO2 equivalents. • If all wastes were incinerated in Energy-from-Waste (EfW) plants, the emissions could be reduced by about 500 million tons of CO2 equivalents (about 9% of today’s US CO2 output) and make the waste management sector a GHG emissions sink. • The total electricity generated from EfW plants could be as high as 15,000 MW replacing about 50 standard 300 MW power plant units. To an average US 4 person household about 3 t/year of municipal solid wastes can be allocated, corresponding to an annual difference between landfilling without LFG recovery and EfW treatment of about 6.9 Mg CO2-eq /year. If this household wanted to achieve the same reduction of CO2 equivalent emissions by other means than having these wastes burnt in a modern EfW plant, they have the following options: • Remove one automobile from use (EPA: 6.0 Mg CO2-eq /year); • Cut household electricity consumption by 80% (EIA: 7.8 Mg CO2-eq /year). The European parliament commission has proposed to reduce CO2 emissions in Europe to 20–30% below 1990 levels. In comparison with Europe, annual GHG emissions (CO2-eq/person year) in the U.S. today are on a level about double that of the Europe. In order to achieve a similar reduction in the U.S., significant efforts have to be done on all energy fronts. Energy-from-Waste (EfW) is one of them, which at the same time solves a space and pollution problem and does not leave these issues to future generations.
6
Manea, Elena Elisabeta, Costel Bumbac, Laurentiu Dinu, Valeriu Badescu, and Ionescu Ioana. "MUNICIPAL ORGANIC WASTE COMPOSTING IN ROMANIA? RESOURCES AVAILABILITY AND RECENT ADVANCES." In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/4.2/s18.05.
Анотація:
Composting municipal organic waste is important for several reasons, including greenhouse gas emissions reduction, soil health improvement, nutrients recycle, waste reduction, costs reduction (by reducing the waste volumes, the handling costs are decreased). Information on the practices of municipal organic waste composting in Romania is limited, thus a comprehensive evaluation of the limiting factors and current solution was carried out. According to the European Environment Agency, Romania has made progress in organic recycling, including composting, as part of its municipal waste management. The evolution of municipal solid waste (MSW) recycling in Romania was limited to 7% in 2010. Afterwards, Romania has made progress in organic recycling, including composting, as part of its municipal waste management. The amounts composted and digested include output from treatment of mixed municipal waste in mechanical-biological treatment plants. Home composting could be a solution to reduce biowaste losses in rural areas. Municipal selective collection of organic waste is an effective way to increase the percentage of organics composting and improve the quality of organic waste. By collecting organic waste separately, it can be processed more efficiently and effectively, leading to higher quality compost. This can also help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and improve air and water quality. Composting organic waste creates a product that can be used to improve soil health, grow crops, and reduce the need for chemical fertilizers.
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Briukhanov, A. Yu, A. V. Trifanov, A. V. Spesivtsev, R. A. Uvarov, and V. A. Spesivtsev. "Logical-linguistic model of farm organic waste recycling." In 2017 XX IEEE International Conference on Soft Computing and Measurements (SCM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/scm.2017.7970556.
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Gorbenko, A. D., M. A. Kaplan, N. E. Tihomirov, V. M. Andreevskaya, Y. A. Morozova, E. P. Sevostyanova, S. V. Konushkin, et al. "Biofuel production based on organic waste recycling processes." In MATERIALS V INTERNATIONAL YOUTH APPLIED RESEARCH FORUM “OIL CAPITAL”: Conference Series “OIL CAPITAL”. AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0178841.
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Maritato, Mark C., and Anne K. Hewes. "Waste-to-Energy Biogenic Carbon Dioxide Reductions and USEPA’s Greenhouse Gas Reporting Mandate: What Does the Future Hold?" In 20th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec20-7009.
Анотація:
On October 30, 2009 the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) promulgated the Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases (ghg) across virtually every industry sector in the U.S., including Waste-to-Energy (WTE) plants, emitting over 25,000 metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent emissions per year. In conformance with 40CFR part 98, subpart C stationary fuel combustion sources, WTE plants were required to report 2010 CO2 emissions by September 30, 2011, and annually thereafter by March 31st. A key element of this process involves the quarterly collection of flue gas samples for characterization of mean biogenic CO2 content. While this rule is in its infancy, it is clear that the Agency intends to regulate CO2 emissions, especially the anthropogenic fraction, across all industry sectors. Currently, ecomaine’s sample results for its municipal waste combustor (MWC) contain, on average, 60% biogenic carbon with the remaining 40% fraction characterized by anthropogenic carbon. As ecomaine begins to optimize the removal of organic material through stepped up recycling efforts and the phase-in of large-scale composting operations, it is plausible that the biogenic carbon fraction will diminish over time, leaving a growing fraction of the less desirable anthropogenic carbon. Based on USEPA’s 2010 Municipal Solid Waste in the U.S. – 2009 Facts and Figures report (EPA-530R-10-012), the organic fraction of municipal solid waste is approximately 62.5% by weight before recycling. The successful diversion of even 1/2 this material away from ecomaine’s MWC could result in a measurable reduction of biogenic carbon, possibly reversing the biogenic:anthropogenic fraction to 40%:60%. This paper will explore strategies, including Life Cycle Analyses of WTE, recycling, and composting operations that the WTE industry can employ to help frame anthropogenic carbon emissions in a better light and stave off future regulatory sanctions as the climate change debate advances to a new level in the years ahead.
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Hoshikawa, Hisahiro. "Recycling of Organic Waste Sludge by Hydrothermal Dry Steam Aiming for Adsorbent." In WATER DYANMICS: 3rd International Workshop on Water Dynamics. AIP, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2207064.
Звіти організацій з теми "Recycling organic wastes":
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Litaor, Iggy, James Ippolito, Iris Zohar, and Michael Massey. Phosphorus capture recycling and utilization for sustainable agriculture using Al/organic composite water treatment residuals. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600037.bard.
Анотація:
Objectives: 1) develop a thorough understanding of the sorption mechanisms of Pi and Po onto the Al/O- WTR; 2) determine the breakthrough range of the composite Al/O-WTR during P capturing from agro- wastewaters; and 3) critically evaluate the performance of the composite Al/O-WTR as a fertilizer using selected plants grown in lysimeters and test-field studies. Instead of lysimeters we used pots (Israel) and one- liter cone-tainers (USA). We conducted one field study but in spite of major pretreatments the soils still exhibited high enough P from previous experiments so no differences between control and P additions were noticeable. Due to time constrains the field study was discontinued. Background: Phosphorous, a non-renewable resource, has been applied extensively in fields to increase crop yield, yet consequently has increased the potential of waterway eutrophication. Our proposal impetus is the need to develop an innovative method of P capturing, recycling and reuse that will sustain agricultural productivity while concurrently reducing the level of P discharge from and to agricultural settings. Major Conclusions & Achievements: An innovative approach was developed for P removal from soil leachate, dairy wastewater (Israel), and swine effluents (USA) using Al-based water treatment residuals (Al- WTR) to create an organic-Al-WTR composite (Al/O-WTR), potentially capable of serving as a P fertilizer source. The Al-WTR removed 95% inorganic-P, 80% to 99.9% organic P, and over 60% dissolved organic carbon from the agro-industrial waste streams. Organic C accumulation on particles surfaces possibly enhanced weak P bonding and facilitated P desorption. Analysis by scanning electron microscope (SEM- EDS), indicated that P was sparsely sorbed on both calcic and Al (hydr)oxide surfaces. Sorption of P onto WW-Al/O-WTR was reversible due to weak Ca-P and Al-P bonds induced by the slight alkaline nature and in the presence of organic moieties. Synchrotron-based microfocused X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) spectrometry, bulk P K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES), and P K-edge micro-XANES spectroscopy indicated that adsorption was the primary P retention mechanism in the Al- WTR materials. However, distinct apatite- or octocalciumphosphatelike P grains were also observed. Synchrotron micro-XRF mapping further suggested that exposure of the aggregate exteriors to wastewater caused P to diffuse into the porous Al-WTR aggregates. Organic P species were not explicitly identified via P K-edge XANES despite high organic matter content, suggesting that organic P may have been predominantly associated with mineral surfaces. In screen houses experiments (Israel) we showed that the highest additions of Al/O-WTR (5 and 7 g kg⁻¹) produced the highest lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolial) yield. Lettuce yield and P concentration were similar across treatments, indicating that Al/O- WTR can provide sufficient P to perform similarly to common fertilizers. A greenhouse study (USA) was utilized to compare increasing rates of swine wastewater derived Al/O-WTR and inorganic P fertilizer (both applied at 33.6, 67.3, and 134.5 kg P₂O₅ ha⁻¹) to supply plant-available P to spring wheat (TriticumaestivumL.) in either sandy loam or sandy clay loam soil. Spring wheat straw and grain P uptake were comparable across all treatments in the sandy loam, while Al/O-WTR application to the sandy clay loam reduced straw and grain P uptake. The Al/O-WTR did not affect soil organic P concentrations, but did increase phosphatase activity in both soils; this suggests that Al/O-WTR application stimulated microorganisms and enhance the extent to which microbial communities can mineralize Al/O-WTR-bound organic P. Implications: Overall, results suggest that creating a new P fertilizer from Al-WTR and agro-industrial waste sources may be a feasible alternative to mining inorganic P fertilizer sources, while protecting the environment from unnecessary waste disposal.
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Busby, Ryan, H. Torbert, and Stephen Prior. Soil and vegetation responses to amendment with pulverized classified paper waste. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/44202.
Анотація:
The United States Army produces a significant amount of classified paper waste that is pulverized to a fine consistency unsuitable for recycling. However, cheap, high quality organic materials such as classified paper waste are useful as soil amendments. The objective of this research was to evaluate the utilization of pulverized classified paper waste as a soil amendment to improve soil health and increase establishment of desirable native grasses on degraded Army training lands. Paper was applied at rates of 9 to 72 Mg ha⁻¹ to two soil types at Fort Polk, LA: an alfisol (very fine sandy loam - Fine, smectitic, thermic Chromic Vertic Hapludalfs) and an ultisol (loamy fine sandy - Loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Arenic Paleudults). These are common soil orders found on military training lands nationwide and represent fertile (alfisol) and unfertile (ulitsol) soils. Vegetation and soils were monitored over 2 growing seasons. No increase in heavy metals were observed in soils. Extensive analysis showed very low levels of regulated contaminants in the paper, but most were below detection limits. The ultisol site showed improved soil physical and chemical properties, while desirable vegetation benefitted from nutrient immobilization at the alfisol site. Based on the results of this study, applying pulverized paper waste to soil at a rate of 35.9 Mg ha⁻¹ is recommended. Application of paper waste to soils had no adverse environmental effects, improved soil physiochemical properties, and facilitated establishment of desirable native vegetation.
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Two laborers die from hydrogen sulfide exposure in a confined space at an organic waste recycling facility. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.26616/nioshsface11ca008.