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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Recreational Aircraft"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 20 листопада 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Recreational Aircraft"

Nazaruk, M. M., and V. V. Khudoba. "Recreational and sports nature usage in Lviv region: origins and geospatial analysis." Man and Environment. Issues of Neoecology, no. 38 (November 25, 2022): 52–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.26565/1992-4224-2022-38-05.

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In the process of recreation, nature acts as one of the leading factors of rest and recovery, restoration of physical and neuropsychological strength of a person. Recreational and sports nature usage is implemented through a complex of activities related to the usage of natural resources for the purpose of improving people's health, restoring their physical and psychological well-being, and expanding the ecological and cultural outlook. The study of geospatial features of recreational and sports resources contributes to their use and perspective of their consumption. Purpose. To study the retrospective principles of formation, historical and natural prerequisites for development and geospatial analysis of the recreational organization of sports and nature usage in Lviv region, as well as prospects for further their development. Results. In general, the climatic conditions within Lviv region are equally suitable for recreational and sports usage. Favorable conditions for seasonal recreation types in the region are approximately 10 months within the year. The mountainous realm of the region is the major region for the winter sports and recreation. Mountain skiing recreational and sports nature usage is developing in 10 of the 73 united territorial communities of the region. Lviv region has a good supply of water resources for recreational and sports nature usage. Water bodies within the Dniester basin are the most involved in recreational activities. They are used for rafting, diving, swimming, fishing. Less developed reservoirs within the basin of the Western Bug River, which are involved in swimming, rafting and fishing. An important direction of sports recreation is air space usage, such as paragliding, ballooning, parachuting, and flying on light aircraft. Conclusions. Irrational and non-professional lands usage for health and recreational purposes do not always contribute to the development of recreational and sports nature usage within the territorial communities of the Lviv region. It is expedient to ensure the introduction of market regulators into the practice of recreational and sports nature usage; the development of methods of recreational ecosystem services assessment and the implementation of monitoring of the state and use of recreational and sports resources.

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Huttunen, Mikko. "Unmanned, Remotely Piloted, or Something Else? Analysing the Terminological Dogfight." Air and Space Law 42, Issue 3 (May 1, 2017): 349–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/aila2017023.

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Throughout their existence, several attempts have been made at naming and categorizing aircraft which are flown without a pilot on board. Regulatory documents by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), and Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) have called them unmanned and remotely piloted aircraft (systems), drones, and other less popular names. This has resulted in a risk of gaps and incoherence being introduced into the system of international aviation law. The growing field of unmanned aviation has proved difficult to encapsulate in a single term which would serve as a regulatory basis. This article seeks to analyse the terminological dogfight between the most established terms used to regulate the aircraft in question. It presents the legal basis, meaning, implications, and relevance of each term and their mutual relationship. The article recommends doing away with the concept of model aircraft, as it has become difficult to distinguish recreational from non-recreational use of the aircraft in question. A critical angle is taken at the concept of pilotless aircraft, employed in the Chicago Convention. The article acknowledges that both unmanned and remotely piloted aircraft are viable regulatory concepts, but preference is given to the former due to its simplicity and wide scope. The concept of a system is seen as necessary due to the distributed nature of the aircraft.

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Gerhardinger, David, Anita Domitrović, and Ernest Bazijanac. "Fatigue Life Prognosis of a Light Aircraft Landing Gear Leg." Annual Conference of the PHM Society 12, no. 1 (November 3, 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.36001/phmconf.2020.v12i1.1245.

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Aircraft components are subject to fatigue damage. The prediction of fatigue life has significant influence on maintenance and flight operations. Light aircraft, designed for recreational purposes, have vital components that are subject to a hard time maintenance approach. The focus of this article is on a simple method for predicting fatigue life. The method is applied to a light aircraft’s fixed landing gear leg. The landing gear leg is modelled in a computer aided design environment. The load spectrum is determined, based on a characteristic flight profile. Principal strains are determined with finite element analysis. Fatigue life is calculated with the Coffin-Manson low cycle fatigue relation. The Palmgren-Miner rule is applied, and cumulative damage is determined. The results are compared to actual landing gear leg fatigue damage and the hard time replacement interval which is given in the corresponding maintenance manual.

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Kardach, Monika, Paweł Fuć, Marta Galant, and Marta Maciejewska. "Risk Assessment of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems." Journal of KONBiN 49, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jok-2019-0005.

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Abstract The intensive growth in the popularity of Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) used for recreational, sporting and other purposes, may lead to an increase in accidents and incidents involving them. Therefore, it is advisable to raise the awareness of all users, related to safety issues, to harmonize standards and procedures applicable at international and national level. The article presents the legal conditions for unmanned operations and the risk assessment methods used in areas of human activity. On this basis, an original method of risk assessment in unmanned systems was proposed. The method can be part of the operating instructions of the RPAS operator. At the end, final conclusions were drawn up.

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Krog, Norun Hjertager, and Bo Engdahl. "Aircraft noise in recreational areas: Effects on visitors' experience and well-being." Noise Control Engineering Journal 47, no. 4 (July 1, 1999): 147–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/1.599309.

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Ghiţescu, Ion-Marius, Maria Luminita Scutaru, Marilena Ghiţescu, Paul Nicolae Borza, and Marin Marin. "New Command Mechanism of Flaps and Wings of a Light Sport Aircraft." Symmetry 13, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13020221.

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Commercial aircraft have well-designed and optimized systems, the result of a huge experience in the field, due to the large fleet of aircraft in operation. For light, utility, or sports aircraft, with a multitude of shapes, tasks, and construction types, there are different solutions that seek to best meet the requirements of the designed aircraft. In this sense, for a sport plane, an increased maneuverability is desired, and the system that controls flaps and wing must be properly designed. A new flap mechanism command solution is proposed and justified in the paper, for use in sports and recreational aviation, in order to achieve angles of braking greater than 40°, take-off and landing in a shorter time and over a shorter distance, as well as the gliding of the aircraft in critical flight conditions or when fuel economy is needed. A finite element model is used to verify the optimized command system for the flap and wing and to check if the strength structure of the aircraft is properly designed. The main result consists of the new design command system for flaps and wings and in verifying, by calculation, the acceptability of the new mechanism proposed from the point of view of the strength of the materials.

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Krog, Norun Hjertager, Bo Engdahl, and Kristian Tambs. "Effects of Changed Aircraft Noise Exposure on Experiential Qualities of Outdoor Recreational Areas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 7, no. 10 (October 20, 2010): 3739–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph7103739.

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Krog, Norun Hjertager, Bo Engdahl, and Kristian Tambs. "Effects of Changed Aircraft Noise Exposure on the Use of Outdoor Recreational Areas." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 7, no. 11 (November 3, 2010): 3890–915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph7113890.

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Kolk, H., K. L. Krijgsveld, H. Linssen, R. Diertens, D. Dolman, M. Jans, M. Frauendorf, B. J. Ens, and M. Pol. "Cumulative energetic costs of military aircraft, recreational and natural disturbance in roosting shorebirds." Animal Conservation 23, no. 4 (November 8, 2019): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/acv.12546.

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Galea, E. R., S. J. Blake, S. Gwynne, and P. J. Lawrence. "The use of evacuation modelling techniques in the design of very large transport aircraft and blended wing body aircraft." Aeronautical Journal 107, no. 1070 (April 2003): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000013270.

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AbstractVery Large Transport Aircraft (VLTA) pose considerable challenges to designers, operators and certification authorities. Questions concerning seating arrangement, nature and design of recreational space, the number, design and location of internal staircases, the number of cabin crew required and the nature of the cabin crew emergency procedures are just some of the issues that need to be addressed. Other more radical concepts such as blended wing body (BWB) design, involving one or two decks with possibly four or more aisles offer even greater challenges. Can the largest exits currently available cope with passenger flow arising from four or five aisles? Do we need to consider new concepts in exit design? Should the main aisles be made wider to accommodate more passengers? In this paper we demonstrate how computer based evacuation models can be used to investigate these issues through examination of staircase evacuation procedures for VLTA and aisle/exit configuration for BWB cabin layouts.

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Дисертації з теми "Recreational Aircraft"

Hillman, Matthew Dean. "Evaluating the Responses of Least Terns, Common Terns, Black Skimmers, and Gull-billed Terns to Military and Civilian Aircraft and to Human Recreation at Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34980.

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Due to variability in aircraft overflight type and associated animal responses, there is a lack of consensus on the effects of overflights on wildlife populations. My objectives were to 1) evaluate the potential impacts that reduced-altitude tactical speed military aircraft might generate on nesting colonial waterbirds, and to place any impacts in the context of other human events, 2) a) identify key least tern (Sternula antillarum) demographic drivers, b) evaluate the accuracy of assigning nest fates without using remote cameras, and c) assess the effects of camera-monitoring on nest survival, and 3) evaluate the agreement between two techniques used to estimate peak least tern breeding abundance. I conducted my study at Cape Lookout National Seashore, North Carolina from May-August 2010-2012. I surveyed colonies once every 3-5 days and deployed audio recorders and time-lapse cameras at individual nests in 9 colonies. Birds did not incubate less or engage in alert behaviors during overflights compared with control periods. Least terns reduced incubation by a mean of 12% when pedestrians were observed near nests (S = -2.2, p = 0.04). Demographic effects from overflights or recreation are unlikely given the patterns of use in this study. Least tern demographic rates were driven by raccoon depredation. Cameras reduced daily nest survival (SE) from 0.85 (0.06) to 0.79 (0.08). However, cameras also decreased the frequency of unknown or misclassified nest fates by > 30%. Incubating adult counts were effective in assessing peak nest abundance at colonies where topography did not impede scanning from the perimeter.
Master of Science

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"Manufacture and Characterization of Fiber Reinforced Epoxy for Application in Cowling Panels of Recreational Aircraft." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10388/ETD-2014-04-1550.

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In this study, glass and Kevlar® fibers reinforced epoxy composites were manufactured and characterized using different techniques. The effect of thermal exposure on the flexural properties of the composites was investigated to ascertain its suitability for the intended application in cowling panels of light engine aircraft. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out on both reinforced and unreinforced epoxy resin to evaluate their thermal stability at elevated temperatures. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis was carried out to evaluate the effects of thermal exposure, applied strain and frequency on the dynamic mechanical response of the composites. The effects of the applied resin hardener and thermal exposure on the flexural strength, flexural modulus and dynamic impact response of the composites were also investigated. The flexural properties were determined using 3-point bending test, while the impact test was carried out using Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB). TGA analysis of the reinforced and unreinforced epoxy showed no significant weight loss until the test samples were heated above 250°C in an inert atmosphere. Dynamic Mechanical Thermal Analysis (DMTA) on the composites indicated the glass transition temperature to lie between 80 and 100°C. The results of the flexural and impact tests showed that the mechanical integrity of both glass and Kevlar® fiber reinforced epoxy composites remained unimpaired by radiative or convective heat exposure for up to 3 h until the exposure temperature exceeded 200°C. This is much higher than the service temperature of cowling panels of light engine recreational aircrafts. When the manufactured fiber reinforced epoxy composites were exposed to temperature above 200°C matrix degradation occurred, which became very significant when the exposure temperature was higher than 250°C. Extensive delamination and matrix cracking occurred when the composites were exposed to the temperature range 250°C - 300°C for 1 h. Fiber-matrix debonding was not observed in the composite except after failure under impact loading. This is evidence of the fact that the epoxy matrix was adequately wetted by both the glass and Kevlar® fibers resulting in the strong fiber/matrix interfacial bonding. While the Kevlar® reinforced epoxy displayed a better damage tolerance under flexural and impact loading, glass fiber reinforced epoxy showed higher strength but lower damage tolerance. Glass fiber reinforced epoxy also showed more resistance to damage under exposure to thermal flux than Kevlar® reinforced epoxy. Under impact loading, the Kevlar® reinforced composite failed by delamination with no fiber rupture, whereas the glass fiber reinforced epoxy failed by matrix cracking, debonding, fiber rupture and fiber pullout. The results from this research have established the effect of radiative and convective thermal exposure on the mechanical behavior of the fabricated Kevlar® fiber and glass reinforced epoxy composites. The maximum temperature reached on the inner surface of the cowling panels of a typical light engine recreational aircraft due to heat radiations from the engine block has been estimated to be about 65°C. This is lower than the glass transition temperature of the epoxy matrix as obtained from DMTA. The low temperature rise is due to inflow cooling air into the cowling chamber in flight. The results of the current investigations suggest the suitability of composite materials for the intended application. The intensity of thermal exposure, to which the materials will be exposed in such application, may not cause any significant damage to the mechanical integrity of the composite. However, since the difference between the possible exposure temperature and the glass transition temperature is only a little over 20°C, a layer of thermal insulator on the inner surface of the cowling made of fiber reinforced epoxy will be desirable to further sustain the mechanical integrity of the composites when selected for use as choice materials for cowling panels of light engine aircraft.

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Книги з теми "Recreational Aircraft"

Connor, Jeff. The Lost Babes. Glasgow: HarperCollins, 2009.

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Vince, Rause, ed. Milagro en los Andes: Mis 72 días en la montaña y mi largo regreso a casa. Barcelona: Planeta, 2006.

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Vince, Rause, ed. Miracle in the Andes: 72 days on the mountain and my long trek home. New York: Crown Publishers, 2006.

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Vince, Rause, ed. Miracle in the Andes: 72 days on the mountain and my long trek home. New York: Crown Publishers, 2006.

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Parrado, Nando. Miracle in the Andes. New York: Crown Publishing Group, 2006.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. Subcommittee on National Parks and Recreation. Construction of dams and aircraft overflights in national park units: Hearing before the Subcommittee on National Parks and Recreation of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session on H.R. 4089 ... H.R. 4430 ... hearing held in Washington, DC, May 20, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1987.

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Building and Flying Model Aircraft; a Guide for Youthful Beginners in Aeronautics, Prepared for Playground and Recreation Associates of America. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2021.

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Building and Flying Model Aircraft; a Guide for Youthful Beginners in Aeronautics, Prepared for Playground and Recreation Associates of America. Hassell Street Press, 2021.

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Частини книг з теми "Recreational Aircraft"

Del Río-Cidoncha, María Gloria, Francisco José Jiménez-EspadaforAguilar, Javier Rendón-Rodríguez deMolina, and Rafael Ortiz-Marín. "Recreation and Virtual Animation as an Active Learning Aid of the Aircraft Engines Course." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 897–906. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-20325-1_69.

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McKelvey, Nigel, Cathal Diver, and Kevin Curran. "Drones and Privacy." In Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, 540–54. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8365-3.ch025.

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Drones, also referred to as UAV's (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), are an aircraft without a human pilot. Drones have been used by various military organisations for over a decade, but in recent years drones a have been emerging more and more in commercial and recreational capacity. The paper is aimed at drone and UAV technology capabilities and how they could and are currently effecting privacy laws globally in comparison to those currently in the Rep. of Ireland. Being investigated is the collection, retention and purpose of which civilian's information is being gathered. The authors also discuss the laws preventing the development and evolution of drone technology in the US in comparison to the Rep. of Ireland.

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Wilber, Tom. "Deep Dive." In Vanishing Point, 1–18. Cornell University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501769641.003.0001.

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This chapter tells how Tim Caza and John McLaughlin, a retired volunteer fire chief and body-recovery diver tried to reach a B-24 Liberator bomber that had vanished with a crew of eight after taking off from the Westover Army base in Massachusetts at the height of the Second World War. “The Twenty-Four” was last heard circling low over Oswego County in a snowstorm in the early morning hours of February 18, 1944. The chapter recounts that for seventy-four years, it had defied searches from the Adirondack Mountains to the depths of Lake Ontario, first by the US military, later by recreational divers, and, in an apparent attempt to exhaust all possibilities, a group of dowsers and mystics enlisted by private parties to channel the aircraft's whereabouts. The Liberator is fabulous both for what it was and what it represents. Engineered by Consolidated Aircraft under urgent deadlines for a war where, for the first time in history, air supremacy was counted as a deciding factor, the chapter underlines that Liberator could go farther, faster, with more payload than other bombers of its day—attributes that would carry the fight in Europe and the Pacific well behind enemy lines. The chapter emphasizes that the plane's capabilities were unique, though its legacy ultimately rests with an unprecedented manufacturing feat.

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"Hobbies, Art, and Recreation." In Civil and Commercial Unmanned Aircraft Systems, 357–68. Reston, VA: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/5.9781624103544.0357.0368.

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Giffin, Meredith, and Mark O. Baerlocher. "32. Flying Small Aircraft." In Catastrophic Injuries in Sports and Recreation. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/9781442687561-034.

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Baker, Susan P., Brian O’Neill, Marvin J. Ginsburg, and Guohua Li. "Aviation and Rail Transportation." In The Injury Fact Book, 100–113. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195061949.003.0008.

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Abstract Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of injury deaths, but other forms of transportation are also significant. “Transportation” includes travel for many reasons such as recreation, the context in which the majority of transportation deaths associated with driving, flying, and boating occur. The number of deaths per person mile of travel differs markedly by mode of travel (Table 8-1). Among users of road vehicles there is a 750-fold difference between bus occupants and motorcyclists in deaths per person mile. For air travelers, the death rate in general aviation (private or business aircraft) is more than 250 times the rate in scheduled non commuter airlines. Passengers traveling by bus or train and those on scheduled airlines have the lowest rates.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Recreational Aircraft"

Pavlusíková, Emília Alexandra, and Frederik Chodelka. "Evaluation of Slovak manufactured aircraft suitable for pilot training in flight training organization." In Práce a štúdie. University of Žilina, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/pas.z.2023.1.13.

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Aeroplanes described in this paper are designed for sporting and recreational purposes, but also meet the requirements for training purposes of pilots. Paper is focused on detailed characterization and technical specification of individual aeroplane, their usability, safety, and economy. The contribution of the title is to create a methodology for selecting aeroplanes suitable for training purposes in a particular training organization, and subsequently applying the procedure to the one of the aeroplanes.

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Khanna, Sanjeev K., Marius D. Ellingsen, and Robb M. Winter. "Investigation of Fracture in Transparent Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites Using Photoelasticity." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32305.

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Composite materials are widely used in mechanical structures where a high ratio of strength or stiffness to weight is desired. Not only are composite materials widely used in building recreational equipment such as skis, snowboards or even sports cars, but also multiple types of military aircraft are built from composite materials. Airplane bodies are in principle cyclically loaded pressure vessels and are susceptible to the formation of fatigue cracks, and it is necessary to possess knowledge of how the material behaves with a crack present. In fact, all engineering structures have to be designed with the presence of crack like defects in mind. For traditional engineering materials such as steel and aluminum there exists a large body of knowledge regarding material behavior in the presence of a crack. Furthermore, their isotropic nature eases the process of mechanical analysis. Photoelasticity, an optical method, has been widely used to study fracture in isotropic transparent materials (Irwin, 1962, 1980; Dally, 1979; Daniel, 1984; Kobayashi, et al, 1973; Chona, 1987).

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Morabito, Michael G., and Justin Lorio. "Exploratory Towing Tests of Seaplane Skipping." In SNAME 13th International Conference on Fast Sea Transportation. SNAME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/fast-2015-050.

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Recently, there has been significant interest in unconventional concepts such as unmanned aerial vehicles and wing-in-ground effect craft, which require the ability to take-off from and land on water. These emerging focus areas are in addition to the traditional roles of commercial, recreational or civil seaplanes. Skipping is a hydrodynamic instability in heave that can occur on many types of seaplanes and can result in a loss of the aircraft. This paper summarizes exploratory hydrodynamic towing tests intended to isolate skipping from other hydrodynamic instabilities in heave and pitch. The tests show that skipping can initiate in calm water at fixed trim. Pressure taps located aft of the step record large negative pressures during runs in which the seaplane skipped. The addition of passive ventilation tubes aft of the step broke the suction and eliminated skipping, in accordance with past studies on the subject. The relative magnitudes of the forces involved in skipping are discussed, and it is shown that the afterbody suction forces are very large relative to the steady-state hydrodynamic lift. The findings of this study are also applicable for stepped planing hulls, highlighting the significance of proper step ventilation.

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Soh, Boonseng, Andrew Low, Cees Bil, and Brendon Bobbermien. "Wind Tunnel Testing and Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis of a Wing-in-Ground Effect Vehicle." In ASME/JSME 2007 5th Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2007-37334.

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The Wing-in-Ground Effect Concept Technology Demonstrator (WIGE CTD) project is a joint venture between Advanced Aerosystem Technologies Pty Ltd and RMIT University, aiming to design, validate and build a prototype recreational vehicle to fly two passengers over a distance of 500km at approximately 120km/h. The WIGE vehicle will fly very close to the surface, usually water, taking advantage of ground effect to transport passengers with a greater lift/drag ratio, and thus greater fuel-efficiency than conventional aircraft. Following preliminary design, an aerodynamic analysis of the vehicle was performed using wind tunnel testing and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). This paper describes the methods used for wind tunnel testing and CFD modelling of the WIGE CTD design. Results obtained using the two approaches are compared with the aim of validating the CFD model and the techniques used in both wind tunnel and CFD modelling for use in future analyses. In addition to the aerodynamic analysis, a basic CFD prediction of the maximum hydrodynamic drag experienced during take off was attempted using a simple model of the WIGE vehicle hull. This result is required in order to ensure that the aquatic take off required by WIGE vehicles was possible for the design. Concurrently, the feasibility of using a general-purpose CFD solver like Fluent to analyse hull performance was also evaluated through this aspect of the investigation.

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Papagiannakis, Roussos G., Antonis K. Antonopoulos, Christina Nikita, and Dimitrios T. Hountalas. "Use of a Diagnostic Methodology for Spark Ignited Engines to Investigate the Effect of AFR on the Performance and Combustion Characteristics of a Reciprocating Aircraft Engine." In ASME 2012 Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ices2012-81105.

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Reciprocating engines are still frequently used in aviation especially in applications such as recreation planes, taxi-planes, fire extinguishing aircraft and generally applications that do not require a high power density. For such applications they have a significant advantage against turbine engines as far as purchase and maintenance cost is concerned. The proper and efficient operation of these engines in aviation applications is critical and therefore techniques that are used to determine engine condition and to detect potential faults are extremely important. The performance of these engines depends strongly on the condition of the ignition system and the quality of the supplied mixture. For this reason in the present work it is examined the effect of mixture AFR on the combustion mechanism and engine performance using an existing diagnostic methodology for spark ignited engines developed by the present research group. The investigation is conducted on a radial, spark-ignited reciprocating engine used on the CL-215 fire extinguishing aircraft. The diagnostic technique is used to investigate the effect of AFR on the main combustion and performance characteristics of the engine and specifically brake power output, rate of heat release, cumulative heat release, peak firing pressure, ignition and injection timing and duration of combustion. Furthermore the diagnostic technique is used to derive information for spark advance, spark duration, compression condition etc. The diagnostic technique is based on a thermodynamic two-zone combustion model for spark ignited engines. To examine the effect of AFR on the combustion mechanism a detailed experimental investigation was conducted on an engine (radial, supercharged, air-cooled, eighteen-cylinders) mounted on a test bench. The measurement procedure involved measurements at various operating conditions (load and speed) and various AFR values. During the experimental investigation beyond the conventional test bench measurements, measurements were taken using a fast data acquisition system of cylinder pressure and the electric signal of both spark plugs. Engine diagnosis is established by processing of these measured data. From the results of the diagnosis procedure it is revealed that the diagnosis method provides detailed information for the operating condition of the engine and the values of parameters that cannot be measured on the field. The diagnosis results reveal that the proposed technique can determine the effect of AFR ratio on the combustion mechanism adequately and thus it can be used during engine testing to determine the optimum AFR ratio in combination with the remaining engine settings and mainly spark advance. The results obtained are positive and reveal that the proposed diagnostic technique can be easily applied on any type of spark-ignited engine and especially on aircraft piston engines (i.e. aviation applications), where the accurate estimation of the engine condition and settings is extremely important.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Recreational Aircraft"

Miller, Nicholas P., Grant S. Anderson, Richard D. Horonjeff, Richard H. Thompson, and Robert M. Baumgartner. Mitigating the Effects of Military Aircraft Overflights on Recreational Users of Parks. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada379467.

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Lowney, Martin S., Scott F. Beckerman, Scott C. Barras, and Thomas W. Seamans. Gulls. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, May 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7208740.ws.

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Abundant gull populations in North America have led to a variety of conflicts with people. Gulls cause damage at aquaculture facilities and other properties, and often collide with aircraft. Their use of structures on and near water results in excessive amounts of bird droppings on boats and docks. Their presence near outdoor dining establishments, swimming beaches, and recreational sites can lead to negative interactions with people. Large amounts of gull fecal material pollutes water and beaches resulting in drinking water contamination and swim bans. A combination of dispersal techniques, exclusion and limited lethal control may reduce damage to an acceptable level. Gulls are classified as a migratory bird species and are protected by federal and, in most cases, state laws. In the United States, gulls may be taken only with a permit issued by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Occasionally, an additional permit is required from the state wildlife management agency.

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