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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Rational structure"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Rational structure"

Barakat, Khaled H., Michael Houghton, D. Lorne Tyrrel, and Jack A. Tuszynski. "Rational Drug Design." International Journal of Computational Models and Algorithms in Medicine 4, no. 1 (January 2014): 59–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcmam.2014010104.

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For the past three decades rationale drug design (RDD) has been developing as an innovative, rapid and successful way to discover new drug candidates. Many strategies have been followed and several targets with diverse structures and different biological roles have been investigated. Despite the variety of computational tools available, one can broadly divide them into two major classes that can be adopted either separately or in combination. The first class involves structure-based drug design, when the target's 3-dimensional structure is available or it can be computationally generated using homology modeling. On the other hand, when only a set of active molecules is available, and the structure of the target is unknown, ligand-based drug design tools are usually used. This review describes some recent advances in rational drug design, summarizes a number of their practical applications, and discusses both the advantages and shortcomings of the various techniques used.

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Zhang, Louxin. "Rational strong codes and structure of rational group languages." Semigroup Forum 35, no. 1 (December 1986): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02573102.

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Kanca, John. "Bonding to Tooth Structure: A Rational Rationale for a Clinical Protocol." Journal of Esthetic and Restorative Dentistry 1, no. 4 (July 1989): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8240.1989.tb00545.x.

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FILIPOVIĆ, DAMIR, MARTIN LARSSON, and ANDERS B. TROLLE. "Linear-Rational Term Structure Models." Journal of Finance 72, no. 2 (March 21, 2017): 655–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jofi.12488.

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Pál, Hegedus. "Structure of solvable rational groups." Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society 90, no. 02 (February 25, 2005): 439–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/s0024611504015035.

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Medvedev, A. E., V. I. Samsonov, and V. M. Fomin. "Rational structure of blood vessels." Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics 47, no. 3 (May 2006): 324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10808-006-0059-3.

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Allen, Colin. "The evolution of rational demons." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, no. 5 (October 2000): 742. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00223443.

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If fast and frugal heuristics are as good as they seem to be, who needs logic and probability theory? Fast and frugal heuristics depend for their success on reliable structure in the environment. In passive environments, there is relatively little change in structure as a consequence of individual choices. But in social interactions with competing agents, the environment may be structured by agents capable of exploiting logical and probabilistic weaknesses in competitors' heuristics. Aspirations toward the ideal of a demon reasoner may consequently be adaptive for direct competition with such agents.

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Dujella, Andrej, Matija Kazalicki, and Vinko Petričević. "Rational Diophantine sextuples containing two regular quadruples and one regular quintuple." Acta mathematica Spalatensia 1, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32817/ams.1.1.2.

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A set of m distinct nonzero rationals {a1,a2,…,am} such that aiaj+1 is a perfect square for all 1 ≤ i < j ≤ m, is called a rational Diophantine m-tuple. It is proved recently that there are infinitely many rational Diophantine sextuples. In this paper, we construct infinite families of rational Diophantine sextuples with special structure, namely the sextuples containing quadruples and quintuples of certain type.

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Collazos, Julio. "Rational structure of original research reports." Lancet 359, no. 9301 (January 2002): 174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(02)07362-2.

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Hoenselaers, C. "Factor structure of rational electrovacuum metrics." Classical and Quantum Gravity 14, no. 9 (September 1, 1997): 2627–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/14/9/017.

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Дисертації з теми "Rational structure"

Mackie, Ewan Thomas Braid. "Rational term-structure models and geometric Levy martingales." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9483.

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One of the most important problems in modern finance is to understand how best to model the occurrence of jumps in asset pricing models. With this issue in mind, the main topic of this thesis is the development of a set of asset pricing models, driven by Levy uncertainty, applicable across a wide range of asset classes. In particular, we model the term structure of interest rates in a Levy setting, by use of the so-called positive interest models of Flesaker and Hughston. We begin with a brief review of the term-structure literature. We then introduce elements of the theory of Levy processes and develop a rather general theory of geometric Levy models (GLMs) for dynamic asset pricing, paying attention in particular to issues concerning the relation between risk and return for the models under consideration. The special case of a GLM with constant parameters can be regarded as a natural generalisation of the standard geometric Brownian motion used in the Black-Scholes theory. General conditions are established under which assets show a positive risk premium in such a setting. The Flesaker-Hughston approach has the advantage that positive nominal interest rates are built in from the beginning. The resulting models are rational in the sense that the price of a discount bond is given by a ratio of integrals of families of positive martingales. We develop a class of models of this type, where the martingale families are modelled by parametric families of geometric Levy processes. Closed-form expressions are provided for the prices of discount bonds, the short rate of interest, and the prices of options on discount bonds, for various specific cases of Levy uncertainty. In the example of the geometric Brownian motion family we include a rather detailed discussion of the behaviour of the risk premium, and establish conditions under which it is positive. We put forward a proposal for a two-stage calibration of the rational Levy models to the market prices of options. Empirical studies are carried out on the calibration performance of (a) the rational Brownian model, and (b) the rational variance gamma model. We then develop a novel hedging strategy for a portfolio of options on discount bonds. The hedging strategy takes the form of a functional derivative of the option price with respect to the price of the underlying discount bond.

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Kalev, Petko S. "Rational expectations and the term structure of interest rates." Monash University, Dept. of Econometrics and Business Statistics, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/8700.

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Lundh, Ann-Christin. "The rational design of catalytically active polypeptides with supersecondary structure." Göteborg : Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Göteborg, 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39066015.html.

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Schwellnus, Adrian. "Linear-Rational Term Structure Models With Flexible Level-Dependent Volatility." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/29215.

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The Linear-Rational Framework for the modelling of interest rates is a framework which allows for the addition of spanned and unspanned factors, while maintaining a lower bound on rates and tractable valuation of interest rate derivatives, particularly swaptions. The advantages of having all these properties are significant. This dissertation presents the Linear-Rational Framework, and specializes the factor process to a class of diffusion models which allows for the degree of state dependence of volatility to be estimated. This dissertation then finds that the estimated state dependent volatility structure is significantly different to that of typical models, where it is set it a priori. The effect the added degree of freedom has on the model implied swaption skew is then analysed.

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Ramnarayan, Kalind. "Level Dependence in Volatility in Linear-Rational Term Structure Models." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31207.

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The degree of level dependence in interest rate volatility is analysed in the linearrational term structure model. The linear-rational square-root (LRSQ) model, where level dependence is set a priori, is compared to a specification where the factor process follows CEV-type dynamics which allows a more flexible degree of level dependence. Parameters are estimated using an unscented Kalman filter in conjunction with quasi-maximum likelihood. An extended specification for the state price density process is required to ensure reliable parameter estimates. The empirical analysis indicates that the LRSQ model generally overestimates level dependence. Although the CEV specification captures the degree of level dependence in volatility more accurately, it has a trade-off with analytical tractability. The optimal specification, therefore, depends on the type of model implementation and general economic conditions.

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Teter, David Michael. "Computational Alchemy: The Rational Design of New Superhard Materials." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40510.

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First--principles electronic structure calculations have been performed to help identify and direct the synthesis of new superhard compounds. An improved figure of merit for hardness is identified and used to show that carbon nitrides are not likely to be harder than diamond.
Ph. D.

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Mendes, Eduardo Mazoni Andrade Marcal. "Identification of nonlinear discrete systems with intelligent structure detection." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341141.

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Mata, David Garcia. "Understanding Protein Structure And Function Using Rational Design And Unnatural Amino Acids." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338392020.

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Sinani, Klajdi. "Iterative Rational Krylov Algorithm for Unstable Dynamical Systems and Genaralized Coprime Factorizations." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/64425.

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Generally, large-scale dynamical systems pose tremendous computational difficulties when applied in numerical simulations. In order to overcome these challenges we use several model reduction techniques. For stable linear models these techniques work very well and provide good approximations for the full model. However, large-scale unstable systems arise in many applications. Many of the known model reduction methods are not very robust, or in some cases, may not even work if we are dealing with unstable systems. When approximating an unstable sytem by a reduced order model, accuracy is not the only concern. We also need to consider the structure of the reduced order model. Often, it is important that the number of unstable poles in the reduced system is the same as the number of unstable poles in the original system. The Iterative Rational Krylov Algorithm (IRKA) is a robust model reduction technique which is used to locally reduce stable linear dynamical systems optimally in the $mathcal{H}_2$-norm. While we cannot guarantee that IRKA reduces an unstable model optimally, there are no numerical obstacles to the reduction of an unstable model via IRKA. In this thesis, we investigate IRKA's behavior when it is used to reduce unstable models. We also consider systems for which we cannot obtain a first order realization of the transfer function. We can use Realization-independent IRKA to obtain a reduced order model which does not preserve the structure of the original model. In this paper, we implement a structure preserving algorithm for systems with nonlinear frequency dependency.
Master of Science

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Armstrong, Kathryn Anne. "Computational structure-based modeling and analysis with application to rational and evolutionary molecular engineering." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39844.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Biological Engineering Division, 2007.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-127).
The design and development of new proteins and small molecules has considerable practical application in medicine, industry, and basic science. Frequently, progress in this area is made by altering an existing small molecule or protein for new function. This thesis presents methods for the analysis and design of rationally and evolutionarily designed molecules and focuses on applying these methods to make protein and small molecule changes more strategically. First, electrostatic analysis of a series of small molecule neuraminidase inhibitors was used to demonstrate that charge optimization improves the electrostatic component of the binding free energy, despite changes in binding mode and discrete chemical constraints. Additionally, chemical changes suggested by charge optimization frequently corresponded to tighter-binding inhibitors, indicating that this technique would be useful for the design of future inhibitors. Second, computational sequence and structure analysis were used to study the PDZ3-CRIPT binding interaction and a method for sequence analysis was developed to locate residues important for binding specificity. Third, computational analysis of the horseradish peroxidase active site suggested five positions as candidates for mutation, and further studies of new mutant enzymes let to ideas for the improvement of computational enzyme design procedures. Finally, both computational protein design techniques and a model of the evolutionary process were used to study the efficiency of evolution as a tool for creating new proteins in the laboratory. We identified sequences that serve as better evolutionary starting points that others and provide a general framework for considering the impact of protein structure on the allowed sequence space and therefore on the challenges that each protein presents to evolutionary protein engineering procedures.
by Kathryn Anne Armstrong.
Ph.D.

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Книги з теми "Rational structure"

Billings, S. A. A structure detection algorithm for nonlinear dynamic rational models. Sheffield: University of Sheffield, Dept. of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, 1992.

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Cha, Jae Choon. The structure of the rational concordance group of knots. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society, 2007.

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MacDonald, Ronald. The term structure of interest rates under rational expectations: Some international evidence. Aberdeen: University of Aberdeen. Department of Economics, 1987.

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Bredin, Donal. The expectations hypothesis of the term structure: The case of Ireland. Dublin: Economic Analysis, Research and Publications Department, Central Bank of Ireland, 2000.

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Bredin, Donal. Alternative tests of the expectations hypothesis of the term structure of interest rates. Dublin: Research and Publications Department, Central Bank of Ireland, 2001.

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Dittmar, Robert D. New evidence on the expectations hypothesis of the term structure of bond yields. [St. Louis, Mo.]: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2003.

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Thornton, Daniel L. Predictions of short-term rates and the expectations hypothesis of the term structure of interest rates. [St. Louis, Mo.]: Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, 2004.

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Guest, Ross. New evidence on the expectations theory of the term structure of Australian Commonwealth Government Treasury yields. Caulfield East, Vic: Monash University, Dept. of Banking & Finance, 1994.

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Gerlach, Stefan. Exchange rate regimes and the expectations hypothesis of the term structure. Basle, Switzerland: Bank for International Settlements, Monetary and Economic Dept., 1997.

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Gerlach, Stefan. Exchange rate regimes and the expectations hypothesis of the term structure. London: Centre for Economic Policy Research, 1997.

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Частини книг з теми "Rational structure"

Schmidt, Thomas. "Structural Reasons in Rational Interaction." In Rationality, Rules, and Structure, 131–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9616-9_8.

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Ruggeri, Tommaso, and Masaru Sugiyama. "Mathematical Structure." In Rational Extended Thermodynamics beyond the Monatomic Gas, 35–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-13341-6_2.

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Gustafsson, Björn, and Yu-Lin Lin. "General Structure of Rational Solutions." In Laplacian Growth on Branched Riemann Surfaces, 69–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69863-8_6.

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Beardon, Alan F. "The Structure of the Fatou Set." In Iteration of Rational Functions, 80–98. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4422-6_5.

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Ruggeri, Tommaso, and Masaru Sugiyama. "Mathematical Structure." In Classical and Relativistic Rational Extended Thermodynamics of Gases, 41–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59144-1_2.

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Selzer, Paul M., Richard J. Marhöfer, and Oliver Koch. "Protein Structures and Structure-Based Rational Drug Design." In Applied Bioinformatics, 73–89. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68301-0_5.

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Ball, Joseph A., Israel Gohberg, and Leiba Rodman. "Null Structure for Analytic Matrix Functions." In Interpolation of Rational Matrix Functions, 7–39. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7709-1_2.

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Negrotti, Massimo. "Structure or Process?" In Studies in Applied Philosophy, Epistemology and Rational Ethics, 99–107. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-29679-6_17.

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Sadek, M. D. "8. Dialgoue Acts are Rational Plans." In The Structure of Multimodal Dialogue II, 167. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/z.99.11sad.

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Voss, Thomas. "The Realization of Social Norms among Rational Actors." In Rationality, Rules, and Structure, 49–65. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9616-9_4.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Rational structure"

Chen, Shaoshi, Ruyong Feng, Guofeng Fu, and Ziming Li. "On the structure of compatible rational functions." In the 36th international symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1993886.1993905.

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Hu, Jiachen. "Rational Design of Steel Structure Portal Frame." In 2020 6th International Conference on Mechanical Engineering and Automation Science (ICMEAS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmeas51739.2020.00046.

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Veremeev, D. N., P. S. Obuhov, and K. V. Kislov. "Exploring opportunities of synthesising artificial neuronal network’s rational structure." In SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATERIAL SCIENCE, SMART STRUCTURES AND APPLICATIONS: ICMSS-2019. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5138459.

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Ibrahim, Adyda, Nerda Zura, and Azizan Saaban. "The structure of a market containing boundedly rational firms." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH IMT-GT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MATHEMATICS, STATISTICS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS (ICMSA2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5012162.

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Zhang, Yueqiang, Zheng Zhang, and Jiemin Ding. "Study on the key issues of the wheel-spoke shaped pretension structure system." In IABSE Congress, Stockholm 2016: Challenges in Design and Construction of an Innovative and Sustainable Built Environment. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/stockholm.2016.2819.

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<p>The wheel-spoke shaped pretension structure which is one of the architects' favorite structure types has the advantages of reasonable stress, beautiful design, and it can fit with the architectural aesthetics smoothly. Through studying on the geometrical parameters of the wheel-spoke shaped pretension structure, we find out the rational ratio range of compression ring outside to the tension ring inside. In order to improve the structures' bearing performance, we also bring out the idea that the structural boundary can be misaligned with the architectural boundary. Besides, we find that the support column in the place of the compression ring outside can improve structural stiffness, and we analysis the column's influence to the structural bearing performance. At last, by studying the suspended column's influence to the structural bearing performance and architectural sight line, we figure out the suspended column's rational height.</p>

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Tsygichko, Vitaliy N. "Choosing a rational structure for security systems for critical assets." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE III INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES IN MATERIALS SCIENCE, MECHANICAL AND AUTOMATION ENGINEERING: MIP: Engineering-III – 2021. AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0071401.

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Sergienko, E. E. "INFLUENCE OF STATE POLICY ON FORMATION OF RATIONAL STRUCTURE OF SMALL BUSINESSES." In SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN EAST: NEW CHALLENGES AND STRATEGIC GUIDELINES. Khabarovsk: KSUEL Editorial and Publishing Center, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.38161/978-5-7823-0746-2-2021-216-222.

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The article discusses the experience of stimulating small business in foreign countries and the Russian Federation and the state of small business in these countries. Two groups of countries with different approaches to stimulating small business have been identified. The impact of crises on the size structure of small business has been analyzed, including the impact of the crisis caused by the 2020 pandemic and the government support measures taken in this regard.

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Li, Chunjing, Duanduan Ma, and Hui Li. "An Algorithm of Image Reconstruction Based on Rational Interpolation with Rectangle-Hole Structure." In 2012 4th International Conference on Digital Home (ICDH). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdh.2012.17.

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Caffrey, Martin. "Lipid Phase Behavior: Databases, Rational Design and Membrane Protein Crystallization." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192724.

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The relationship that exists between structure and function is a unifying theme in my varied biomembrane-based research activities. It applies equally well to the lipid as to the protein component of membranes. With a view to exploiting information that has been and that is currently being generated in my laboratory, as well as that which exists in the literature, a number of web-accessible, relational databases have been established over the years. These include databases dealing with lipids, detergents and membrane proteins. Those catering to lipids include i) LIPIDAT, a database of thermodynamic information on lipid phases and phase transitions, ii) LIPIDAG, a database of phase diagrams concerning lipid miscibility, and iii) LMSD, a lipid molecular structures database. CMCD is the detergent-based database. It houses critical micelle concentration information on a wide assortment of surfactants under different conditions. The membrane protein data bank (MPDB) was established to provide convenient access to the 3-D structure and related properties of membrane proteins and peptides. The utility and current status of these assorted databases will be described and recommendations will be made for extending their range and usefulness.

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Jiang, Long, Hang Ye, Chi Zhou, Shikui Chen, and Wenyao Xu. "Parametric Topology Optimization Toward Rational Design and Efficient Prefabrication for Additive Manufacturing." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2954.

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The significant advance in the boosted fabrication speed and printing resolution of additive technology has considerably increased the capability of achieving product designs with high geometric complexity. The prefabrication computation has been increasingly important and is coming to be the bottleneck in the additive manufacturing process. In this paper, the authors devise an integrated computational framework by synthesizing the parametric level set-based topology optimization method with the DLP-based SLA process for intelligent design and additive manufacturing of not only single material structures but also multi-scale, multi-functional structures. The topology of the design is optimized with a new distance-regularized parametric level set method considering the prefabrication computation. offering the flexibility and robustness of the structural design that the conventional methods could not provide. The output of the framework is a set of mask images which can be directly used in the additive manufacturing process. The proposed approach seamlessly integrates the rational design and manufacturing to reduce the complexity of the computationally-expensive prefabrication process. Two test examples, including a freeform 3D cantilever beam and a multi-scale meta-structure, are utilized to demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach. Both the simulation and experimental results verified that the new rational design could significantly reduce the prefabrication computation cost without affecting the original design intent or sacrificing original functionality.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Rational structure"

McCallum, Bennett. Causality, Structure, and the Uniqueness of Rational Expectations Equilibria. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15234.

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Shaw, Ian E. Construction of Rational Maps on the Projective Line with Given Dynamical Structure. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ad1013471.

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Morkun, Volodymyr, Sergey Semerikov, Svitlana Hryshchenko, Snizhana Zelinska, and Serhii Zelinskyi. Environmental Competence of the Future Mining Engineer in the Process of the Training. Medwell Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1523.

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A holistic solution to the problem of formation of ecological competence of the future engineer requires the definition of its content, structure, place in the system of professional competences, levels of forming and criteria of measurement the rationale for the select on and development of a technique of use of information, communication and learning technologies that promote formation of ecological competence. The study is of interest to environmental competence of future mining engineer as personal education, characterized by acquired in the process of professional preparation professionally oriented environmental knowledge (cognitive criterion), learned the ways of securing environmentally safe mining works (praxiological criterion) in the interests of sustainable development (axiological criterion) and is formed by the qualities of socially responsible environmental behavior (social-behavioral criterion) and consists of the following components: understanding and perception of ethical norms of behaviour towards other people and towards nature (the principles of bioethics); ecological literacy; possession of basic information on the ecology necessary for usage in professional activity the ability to use scientific laws and methods in evaluating the environment to participate in environmental works to cany out ecological analysis of activities in the area industrial activities to develop action plans for the reduction of the anthropogenic impact on the environment; ability to ensure environmentally balanced activities, possession of methods of rational and integrated development georesource potential of the subsoil.

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Oliynyk, Kateryna, and Matteo Ciantia. Application of a finite deformation multiplicative plasticity model with non-local hardening to the simulation of CPTu tests in a structured soil. University of Dundee, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20933/100001230.

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In this paper an isotropic hardening elastoplastic constitutive model for structured soils is applied to the simulation of a standard CPTu test in a saturated soft structured clay. To allow for the extreme deformations experienced by the soil during the penetration process, the model is formulated in a fully geometric non-linear setting, based on: i) the multiplicative decomposition of the deformation gradient into an elastic and a plastic part; and, ii) on the existence of a free energy function to define the elastic behaviour of the soil. The model is equipped with two bonding-related internal variables which provide a macroscopic description of the effects of clay structure. Suitable hardening laws are employed to describe the structure degradation associated to plastic deformations. The strain-softening associated to bond degradation usually leads to strain localization and consequent formation of shear bands, whose thickness is dependent on the characteristics of the microstructure (e.g, the average grain size). Standard local constitutive models are incapable of correctly capturing this phenomenon due to the lack of an internal length scale. To overcome this limitation, the model is framed using a non-local approach by adopting volume averaged values for the internal state variables. The size of the neighbourhood over which the averaging is performed (characteristic length) is a material constant related to the microstructure which controls the shear band thickness. This extension of the model has proven effective in regularizing the pathological mesh dependence of classical finite element solutions in the post-localization regime. The results of numerical simulations, conducted for different soil permeabilities and bond strengths, show that the model captures the development of plastic deformations induced by the advancement of the cone tip; the destructuration of the clay associated with such plastic deformations; the space and time evolution of pore water pressure as the cone tip advances. The possibility of modelling the CPTu tests in a rational and computationally efficient way opens a promising new perspective for their interpretation in geotechnical site investigations.

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Emmerson, Stephen. Modulations through time. Norges Musikkhøgskole, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/nmh-ar.530427.

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This article explores the rationale behind a performance given by the authors at the Unfolding the Process symposium held in Oslo in November 2015. For this occasion, the authors devised a new version of Bach’s Goldberg Variations that builds upon Emmerson’s arrangement of the work for two pianos in 2012. A shortened version of the work (c.30 minutes) was designed that aimed nonetheless to maintain the original work’s sense of structural balance and coherence. This version involved the transposition of a number of variations into different keys to explore the possibility of adding a satisfying tonal structure to our experience of the work, in a context where both performers see potential communicative value in 'playing with' dimensions of original masterworks with a view to giving fresh perspective to the listener experience. The article is written from the alternating perspectives of the authors; one of which is primarily concerned with the rationale and process of devising the arrangement while the other reflects upon the performative aspects and implications arising from it.

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Zilles, S. Rationale for the Structure of the Model and Protocol for the Internet Printing Protocol. RFC Editor, April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc2568.

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Gurevitz, Michael, William A. Catterall, and Dalia Gordon. face of interaction of anti-insect selective toxins with receptor site-3 on voltage-gated sodium channels as a platform for design of novel selective insecticides. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699857.bard.

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Voltage-gated sodium channels (Navs) play a pivotal role in excitability and are a prime target of insecticides like pyrethroids. Yet, these insecticides are non-specific due to conservation of Navs in animals, raising risks to the environment and humans. Moreover, insecticide overuse leads to resistance buildup among insect pests, which increases misuse and risks. This sad reality demands novel, more selective, insect killers whose alternative use would avoid or reduce this pressure. As highly selective insect toxins exist in venomous animals, why not exploit this gift of nature and harness them in insect pest control? Many of these peptide toxins target Navs, and since their direct use via transformed crop plants or mediator microorganisms is problematic in public opinion, we focus on the elucidation of their receptor binding sites with the incentive of raising knowledge for design of toxin peptide mimetics. This approach is preferred nowadays by agro-industries in terms of future production expenses and public concern. However, characterization of a non-continuous epitope, that is the channel receptor binding site for such toxins, requires a suitable experimental system. We have established such a system within more than a decade and reached the stage where we employ a number of different insect-selective toxins for the identification of their receptor sites on Navs. Among these toxins we wish to focus on those that bind at receptor site-3 and inhibit Nav inactivation because: (1) We established efficient experimental systems for production and manipulation of site-3 toxins from scorpions and sea anemones. These peptides vary in size and structure but compete for site-3 on insect Navs. Moreover, these toxins exhibit synergism with pyrethroids and with other channel ligands; (2) We determined their bioactive surfaces towards insect and mammalian receptors (see list of publications); (3) We found that despite the similar mode of action on channel inactivation, the preference of the toxins for insect and mammalian channel subtypes varies greatly, which can direct us to structural features in the basis of selectivity; (4) We have identified by channel loop swapping and point mutagenesis extracellular segments of the Navinvolved with receptor site-3. On this basis and using channel scanning mutagenesis, neurotoxin binding, electrophysiological analyses, and structural data we offer: (i) To identify the residues that form receptor site-3 at insect and mammalian Navs; (ii) To identify by comparative analysis differences at site-3 that dictate selectivity toward various Navs; (iii) To exploit the known toxin structures and bioactive surfaces for modeling their docking at the insect and mammalian channel receptors. The results of this study will enable rational design of novel anti-insect peptide mimetics with minimized risks to human health and to the environment. We anticipate that the release of receptor site-3 molecular details would initiate a worldwide effort to design peptide mimetics for that site. This will establish new strategies in insect pest control using alternative insecticides and the combined use of compounds that interact allosterically leading to increased efficiency and reduced risks to humans or resistance buildup among insect pests.

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Morris, K. H. Rationale for the closure of the soil density unreviewed safety question and recommended structural analyses improvements for the TWRS underground storage facilities. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/353313.

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Jiang, Zhiping, Leonard V. Interrante, Daekeun Kwon, Fook S. Tham, and Rudy Kullnig. Synthesis, Structure and Pyrolysis of Organoaluminum Amides Derived from the Reaction of Trialkylaluminum Compounds with Ethylenediamine in a 3:2 Ration. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada225758.

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Janowiak, Maria, Daniel Dostie, Michael Wilson, Michael Kucera, Howard Skinner, Jerry Hatfield, David Hollinger, and Christopher Swanston. Adaptation Resources for Agriculture: Responding to Climate Variability and Change in the Midwest and Northeast. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6960275.ch.

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Changes in climate and extreme weather are already increasing challenges for agriculture nationally and globally, and many of these impacts will continue into the future. This technical bulletin contains information and resources designed to help agricultural producers, service providers, and educators in the Midwest and Northeast regions of the United States integrate climate change considerations and action-oriented decisions into existing farm and conservation plans. An Adaptation Workbook provides producers a flexible, structured process to identify and assess climate change impacts, challenges, opportunities, and farm-level adaptation tactics and continuously evaluate adaptation actions for improving responses to extreme and uncertain conditions. A synthesis of Adaptation Strategies and Approaches serves as a “menu” of potential responses organized to provide a clear rationale for making decisions by connecting planned actions to broad adaptation concepts. Responses address both short- and long-range timeframes and extend from incremental adjustments of existing practices to major alterations that transform the entire farm operation. Example adaptation tactics—prescriptive actions for agricultural production systems common in the region—for each approach guide producers, service providers, and educators to develop appropriate responses for their farms and location. Four Adaptation Examples demonstrate how these adaptation process resources are used.

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