Готові списки джерел за темами / Rational motivation

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Rational motivation"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Rational motivation"

KROON, FREDERICK. "Imaginative Motivation." Utilitas 21, no. 2 (June 2009): 181–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095382080900346x.

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This article argues for a certain picture of the rational formation of conditional intentions, in particular deterrent intentions, that stands in sharp contrast to accounts on which rational agents are often not able to form such intentions because of what these enjoin should their conditions be realized. By considering the case of worthwhile but hard-to-form ‘non-apocalyptic’ deterrent intentions (the threat to leave a cheating partner, say), the article argues that rational agents may be able to form such intentions by first simulating psychological states in which they have successfully formed them and then bootstrapping themselves into actually forming them. The article also discusses certain limits imposed by this model. In particular, given the special nature of ‘apocalyptic’ deterrent intentions (e.g. the ones supposedly involved in nuclear deterrence), there is good reason to think that these must remain inaccessible to fully rational and moral agents.

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Scheuer, Steen. "Rational Choice og socialt-normative aktørmotiver i arbejdslivet - en kritisk revision af den klassiske visdom." Dansk Sociologi 10, no. 1 (August 25, 2006): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/dansoc.v10i1.671.

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Rational choice and social normative actor motives at work: a critical revision of received wisdom This article challenges the received wisdom’ of human relations theory from Mayo to present day organization theory, and that of sociological theory in general that has regarded workers’ social motivations and social norms as being opposed to rational choice types of motivation. Through a critical re-reading of classical studies in indus-trial sociology (including the Hawthorne experiments by Roethlisberger and Dickson, the Luton studies by Gold-thorpe, Lockwood and colleagues and Burawoy’s Manu-facturing Consent), it is shown that workers on the floor shop in these studies had mixed motivations, that is, they applied social-normative motivations for only some of their actions. These social normative motivations diverged at times from rational choice motivation, but at other times converged with the workers’ rational choice motives. The critical review of the literature shows that not only do workers have both types of motivation, but that they actively and reflectively choose between them in concrete situations, and that these choices are often based on a reasonable level of information. Modern organization theo-ry then throws the baby out with the bath water in its critique of rational choice actor motives. Rational choice and social normative motives supplement each other in understanding workers’ behaviour.

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., Hardiwinoto. "PERILAKU RASIONAL PARA MANAJER DALAM PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN PEMBIAYAAN MELALUI BANK SYARIAH." MAKSIMUM 1, no. 2 (March 12, 2012): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.26714/mki.1.2.2011.88-96.

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Abstract This study aims to explore the underlying motivations of managers in corporate financing. The method Used is to explore the literature, the predecessor of research and related theories. The results showed that the motivation underlying the financing decision is rational behavior of the managers. Keyword : motivations of managers, financing decision making, and Rational behavior of the managers.

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Haji, Ishtiyaque. "Kurt Baier on Reason and Morality." Dialogue 36, no. 4 (1997): 813–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217300017686.

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The Rational and the Moral Order, a work of sweeping scope and depth, opens with three problems: the Rationality Problem, briefly, is that the following set is inconsistent, although each of its elements seems true: our conduct cannot be rationally justified unless it promotes our own good; moral conduct is rationally justified; but morality often requires that we do things that do not promote our own good. The Motivation Problem distills to this: can something be a reason for someone to do something without its actually motivating him to do so (the so-called “externalist” position), or is being a motivator a necessary condition of being a reason for that person (the “internalist position”)? Finally, the Sanction Problem notes that, although it seems plausible and generally accepted that immorality should be sanctioned, it seems neither plausible, nor is it generally accepted, that irrationality should be. Why this asymmetry? I restrict my attention, in what follows, to aspects of Baier's fascinating discussion on the Rationality Problem and the Motivation Problem.

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Neumann, Oliver, and Adrian Ritz. "Public service motivation and rational choice modelling." Public Money & Management 35, no. 5 (July 3, 2015): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2015.1061179.

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Filyasova, Yu A. "Perfectionism and rational-emotive behaviour as a motivational policy for human resource management." UPRAVLENIE / MANAGEMENT (Russia) 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 16–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2022-10-1-16-27.

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The article considers the concept of a perfectionist motivational policy, which promotes achieving a high level of intrinsic employee motivation that ensures accomplishment of the organisational duties maximum amount; meanwhile, additional compensation produces a motivation displacement eﬀect. Theoretically, perfectionism, as the organisation corporate culture value, contributes to a signiﬁcant resources saving for the personnel maintenance and development. Employees who ﬁnd themselves in a corporate perfectionist culture have the advantage of achieving a high autonomy level due to developing integrative abilities for regulating social actions. Perfectionist motivational policy is more typical for the company`s growth cyclical stage and more beneﬁcial for young people who have high goals regarding their professional development. Rational-emotive employees behaviour is a perfectionism operational correlate oriented towards catastrophic attitudes which stimulate continuous activity, maximum involvement in the organisation activities and the achievement of not only operational but also long-term company goals. Perfectionist motivational policy requires an independent employee performance appraisal, which limits the individuals’ personal inﬂuence on the organisation’s human resources policy. Inconsistency in implementation of the motivation structural elements not only hinders the motivation internalisation, but also provokes a rise in distrust of power structures in general due to the personnel management low culture in the organisation.

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Bazaluk, Oleg Aleksandrovich. "Εἰκὼςλόγος, or A rational motivation in Plato's philosophy". Voprosy kul'turologii (Issues of Cultural Studies), № 4 (18 березня 2021): 308 (376)—319 (385). http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/nik-01-2104-02.

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Plato opposed εἰκὼςμῦθος and εἰκὼςλόγος, thereby asserting the logos as the highest type of account, which revealed the strict rationality and intelligibility of the cosmos. Plato used the logos to affirm a new way of life in accordance with the intelligibility of the kalos cosmos and its copies (εἰκών) created by Theos. For Plato, therefore, dialogue as an exercise was more important than the results obtained, and for Aristotle, the discussion of problems had more educational value than their solution. Plato and Aristotle perceived the logos in the meanings of dialogue as the art of living by the highest account. They considered the logos as an opportunity to make a transition, or rather, self-transformation to the highest order, into which the idea of agathos was opened. The author argues the thesis put forward referring to the original texts of Plato. English version of the article on pp. 376-385 at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/eikslogos-or-a-rational-motivation-in-platos-philosophy/66016.html

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Blackman, Reid. "Reasons for emotion and moral motivation." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 49, no. 6 (2019): 805–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.2018.1435611.

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AbstractInternalism about normative reasons is the view that an agent’s normative reasons depend on her motivational constitution. On the assumption that there are reasons for emotion I argue that (a) externalism about reasons for emotion entails that all rational agents have reasons to be morally motivated and (b) internalism about reasons for emotion is implausible. If the arguments are sound we can conclude that all rational agents have reasons to be morally motivated. Resisting this conclusion requires either justifying internalism about reasons for emotion in a way hitherto unarticulated or giving up on reasons for emotion altogether.

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Döring, Sabine A. "Seeing What to Do: Affective Perception and Rational Motivation." dialectica 61, no. 3 (September 2007): 363–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-8361.2007.01105.x.

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Barry, Melissa. "Realism, Rational Action, and the Humean Theory of Motivation." Ethical Theory and Moral Practice 10, no. 3 (June 5, 2007): 231–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10677-007-9074-6.

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Дисертації з теми "Rational motivation"

Jones, Paula Satne. "Kant's theory of motivation and rational agency." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.498792.

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It is clear that Kant's theory of motivation plays a central role in his ethical theory' as a whole. Nevertheless, it has been subjected to many interpretations: (i) the 'orthodox' interpretation, (ii) the 'Aristotelian' or 'Humean' interpretation and (iii) the 'rationalist' interpretation. The first part of the thesis aims to provide an interpretation of Kant's theory of rational agency and motivation. I argue that the 'orthodox' and 'Aristotelian' interpretations should be rejected because they are incompatible with Kant's conception of freedom, defending an account of Kant's position that goes along the lines of the rationalist interpretation. I show that Kant's theory of motivation is committed to a form of cognitivism, that is, the cognitive aspects of a motive are always the active factors in motivation.

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Montello, Maria L. "Rational Requirements for Moral Motivation: The Psychopath's Open Question." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2011. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/philosophy_theses/93.

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Psychopaths pose a challenge to those who make claims about the strength of moral assessments. These individuals are entirely unmoved by the moral rules that they articulate and purportedly espouse. Psychopaths appear rationally intact but are emotionally broken. In some cases, they commit horrendous crimes yet show no guilt, no remorse. Sentimentalists claim that the empirical evidence about psychopaths’ affective deficits supports that moral judgment is rooted in emotion and that psychopaths do not make genuine moral judgments—they can’t. Here, I challenge an explanation of psychopathy that indicts psychopaths’ emotional impairments alone. I conclude that there are rational requirements for moral motivation and that psychological and neuroscientific research support that psychopaths do not make the grade.

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Herissone-Kelly, Peter N. "Situations, incentives and reasons : Kant on rational agency and moral motivation." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 2008. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/20647/.

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This thesis aims to address two problems that appear to attach to the model of rational agency that underlies Kant's moral philosophy. These I call the problem of experiential incongruence and the problem of misdirected moral attention. The former problem arises because the central elements of Kant's theory of action (the possession of and action upon maxims; the subjection of maxims to moral assessment through the Categorical Imperative's universalisability test; our supposedly perennial consciousness of the moral law; and so on) seem not to square at all with our lived experience of agency. The latter problem, on the other hand, is a result of Kant's apparently claiming that when an agent 11s from duty, her reason for 4Ling is just that the maxim of tILing can simultaneously be acted upon and willed to be a universal law, while its contrary maxim cannot. This picture seems, as Philip Stratton-Lake notes, to place the good-willed agent's attention in the wrong place, namely, on the nature of her own policies of action, rather than on the external world of "concrete considerations". In order to show that Kant's practical philosophy is able to sidestep both problems, I first develop and argue for a particular account of what I call "the traditional model," or that picture of rational agency that can be gleaned from Kant's writings, expressed in the terms that Kant himself uses. I then go on to offer a novel interpretation of that model, according to which (1) all the central concepts of Kant's theory of rational agency are shown to be entirely compatible with our experience as agents, and (2) the Kantian good-willed agent is shown to be centrally concerned with, and motivated by, concrete considerations.

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Huliyeva, D. O. "Verbal means of emotional and rational motivation in gender specific advertising." Thesis, ФОП Лисенко І. Б, 2012. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/47972.

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Ruiter, Robert Antonie Christiaan. "Scary warnings and rational precautions a study into fear arousal and its contribution to precautionary motivation /." [Maastricht : Maastricht : Universiteit Maastricht] ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 2000. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=6915.

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Greenfeld, Jay Matthew. "Using rational emotive behavior therapy to initiate and maintain regular exercise in college-age men: a qualitative investigation." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2709.

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Engaging in regular exercise has multiple health benefits--for example, physical (Anshel, 2003; Penedo & Dahn 2005); mental (Stathopoulou, Powers, Berry, Smits, & Otto, 2006); emotional (Berger Pargman, & Weinberg, 2002); and social (Anshel, Reeves, & Roth, 2003; Dishman, 1994; Lox, Martin, & Petruzzello, 2003). Unfortunately, there are as many barriers to people exercising (e.g., time, cost, and accessibility) as there are benefits. Consequently, approximately two-thirds of individuals living within the United States do not engage in regular exercise (i.e., 3 days per week for at least 45 minutes; CDC, 2006). Multiple interventions have been implemented to help individuals initiate regular exercise (e.g., psychotherapy, physicians, and community programs), but none of them review how an individual alters his or her thoughts about exercise that could lead to initiation. Addressing an individual's beliefs about engaging in regular exercise will add to the understanding of how modifying thoughts can help lead to initiation. The purpose of the current study was to monitor the use of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT)-style interviews to help three male participants who have had difficulties beginning and sustaining regular exercise explore their thoughts about exercise and potentially begin an exercise routine. In this dissertation, a comprehensive background is provided, outlining and explaining definitions affiliated with REBT, exercise, and mental health. Then a thorough literature review is provided, which outlines previous research on exercise interventions. In response to the specific research questions posed, the results of the current study indicate that using a variety of active directive REBT style interviews helped three men modify their beliefs about exercise and consequently improve their motivation to routinely engage in the behavior. Finally, limitations, implications, and directions for future research and practice are provided.

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Zakrzewski, Jennifer. "Effect of Interactive Digital Homework with an iBook on Sixth Grade Students' Mathematics Achievement and Attitudes when Learning Fractions, Decimals, and Percents." Scholar Commons, 2015. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5611.

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Over the past decade, technology has become a prominent feature in our lives. Technology has not only been integrated into our lives, but into the classroom as well. Teachers have been provided with a tremendous amount of technology related tools to educate their students. However, many of these technologically enhanced tools have little to no research supporting their claims to enhance learning. This study focuses on one aspect of technology, the iBook, to complete homework relating to fractions, decimals, and percents in a sixth grade classroom. An iBook is a digital textbook that allows the user to interact with the book through various features. Some of these features include galleries, videos, review quizzes, and links to websites. These interactive features have the potential to enhance comprehension through interactivity and increased motivation. Prior to this study, two pilot iterations were conducted. During each pilot study, students in two sixth grade classrooms used the iBook to supplement learning of fractions, decimals, and percents. A comparison group was not included during either iteration, as the goal was to fine-tune the study prior to implementation. The current study was the third iteration, which included a comparison and treatment group. During this study, three research questions were considered: 1) When learning fractions, decimals, and percents, in what ways, if any, do students achieve differently on a unit test when using an interactive iBook for homework as compared to students who have access to the same homework questions in an online static PDF format? 2) What are students' perceptions of completing homework regarding fractions, decimals, and percents with an interactive iBook compared to students who complete homework in an online static PDF format? 3) In what ways does students' achievement on homework differ when completing homework related to fractions, decimals, and percents from an interactive iBook and a static PDF online assignment? Thirty students from a small charter school in southeast Florida participated in the third iteration of this study. Fifteen students were in the comparison group and fifteen were in the treatment group. Students in both groups received comparable classroom instruction, which was determined through audio recordings and similar lesson plans. Treatment group students were provided with a copy of the iBook for homework. Comparison group students were provided with a set of questions identical to the iBook questions in a static digital PDF format. The comparison group students also had access to the textbook, but not the iBook nor the additional resources available within the iBook. The study took place over three weeks. At the commencement of the study, all students were given a pretest to determine their prior knowledge of fractions, decimals, and percents. Students were also asked to respond to questions regarding typical homework duration, level of difficulty, overall experience, and additional resources used for support. During the study, both classes received comparable instruction, which included mini lessons, manipulative based activities, mini quizzes, and group activities. Nightly homework was assigned to each group. At the conclusion of the study, both groups were given a posttest, which was identical to the pretest. Students were asked identical questions about their homework perceptions as prior to the study, but were asked to respond in regards to the study alone. All participating students completed a questionnaire to describe their perceptions of completing homework regarding fractions, decimals, and percents with an iBook as opposed to static digital PDF homework. Lastly, six students from the comparison group participated in a focus group and six students from the treatment group participated in a separate focus group. Data were collected from the pretest and posttest, pre and post homework responses, collected homework, mini quizzes, audio recordings, teacher journal, questionnaires, and the focus group. No difference in achievement was found between the two groups. However, both groups improved significantly from the pretest to posttest. Based on the questionnaires and focus groups, both groups of students felt they learned fractions, decimals, and percents effectively. However, the questionnaire data showed the treatment group found the iBook more convenient than the comparison group did the textbook. Data from this study provide a baseline for future studies regarding iBooks in middle school mathematics. Although the data show no difference in achievement between the two groups, further studies should be conducted in regards to the iBook. Questionnaire and focus group data suggest, with modifications, students may be more inclined to use the resources within the iBook, which may enhance achievement with fractions, decimals, and percents.

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Vance, A. (Anthony). "Why do employees violate is security policies?:insights from multiple theoretical perspectives." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2010. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514262876.

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Abstract Employee violations of IS security policies is recognized as a key concern for organizations. Although interest in IS security has risen in recent years, little empirical research has examined this problem. To address this research gap, this dissertation identifies deliberate IS security policy violations as a phenomenon unique from other forms of computer abuse. To better understand this phenomenon, three guidelines for researching deliberate IS security violations are proposed. An analysis of previous behavioral IS security literature shows that no existing study meets more than one of these guidelines. Using these guidelines as a basis, this dissertation examines IS security policy violations using three theoretical models drawn from the following perspectives: neutralization theory, rational choice theory, and protection motivation theory. Three field studies involving surveys of 1,423 professional respondents belonging to 7 organizations across 47 countries were performed for empirical testing of the models. The findings of these studies identify several factors that strongly predict intentions to violate IS security policies. These results significantly increase our understanding of why employees choose to violate IS security policies and provide empirically-grounded implications for how practitioners can improve employee IS security policy compliance.

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Jovic, Katarina, and Svärd Sabina Eddib. "Prestationsbaserad lön: Incitament eller orosmoment : En kvalitativ intervjustudie." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-137667.

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Det primära syftet med denna uppsats var att studera den subjektiva uppfattningen av prestationsbaserade löner i korrelation till stress, oro, missnöje, motivation och utvecklingsmöjligheter. Till detta ingick det även att ta reda på varför informanterna valde att ta anställning på en arbetsplats med prestationsbaserad lön och slutligen gjordes en jämförelse mellan de två informantgrupperna, medarbetare och mellanchefer. Då syftet var att studera den subjektiva uppfattningen hos informanterna användes en kvalitativ ansatts där empirin samlades in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med fyra medarbetare från ett företag och fyra mellanchefer från fyra olika företag. Det empiriska materialet har analyserats utifrån sociologiska teorier och annan arbetsmarknadsforskning. De sociologiska teorier som användes var, Rational choice, 2-faktorteorin och Expectancy teorin. Arbetsmarknadsforskning som användes för analysen var krav-kontroll-stöd-modellen och ledarskapsforskning. Resultatet tyder på att incitamentet initialt för att ta anställning på ett företag med prestationsbaserad lön är möjligheten till att få en större inkomst än det vore möjligt på annan plats. Vidare tyder resultatet på att informanterna upplevde att den prestationsbaserade lönen bidrog till deras motivation och utvecklingsmöjligheter. Resultatet pekade även på att stress som en följd av den prestationsbaserade lönen är närvarande hos samtliga informanter men den uppfattades som större hos mellancheferna då de upplevde att de hade större ansvar än medarbetarna. Mellanchefernas upplevelse av stress förstärktes på grund av den brist på kontroll de hade över personalomsättningen och företagets policy vad det gäller deras arbete. Slutligen indikerade resultat av studien att mellancheferna uppfattade den status som den prestationsbaserade lönen gav dem som ett starkt incitament.

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Yoon, Kisung. "Religious Media Use And Audience's Knowledge, Attitude, And Behavior: The Roles Of Faith Motivation, Program Appeals, And Dual Information Processing." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1300737134.

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Книги з теми "Rational motivation"

Koutounkos, Arēs. Between the moral and the rational: Essays on meta-ethics, moral beliefs, values and desires, moral motivation, rationality and moral coherences. [Greece]: Papazissis Publishers, 2008.

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Understanding action: An essay on reasons. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

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Nichols, Shaun. Rational Rules. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198869153.001.0001.

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Moral systems, like normative systems more broadly, involve complex mental representations. Rational Rules offers an account of the acquisition of key aspects of normative systems in terms of general-purpose rational learning procedures. In particular, it offers statistical learning accounts of: (1) how people come to think that a rule is act-based, that is, the rule prohibits producing certain consequences but not allowing such consequences to occur or persist; (2) how people come to expect that a new rule will also be act-based; (3) how people come to believe a principle of liberty, according to which whatever is not expressly prohibited is permitted; and (4) how people come to think that some normative claims hold universally while others hold only relative to some group. This provides an empiricist theory of a key part of moral acquisition, since the learning procedures are domain general. It also entails that crucial parts of our moral system enjoy rational credentials since the learning procedures are forms of rational inference. There is another sense in which rules can be rational—they can be effective for achieving our ends, given our ecological settings. Rational Rules argues that at least some central components of our moral systems are indeed ecologically rational: they are good at helping us attain common goals. In addition, the book argues that a basic form of rule representation brings motivation along automatically. Thus, part of the explanation for why we follow moral rules is that we are built to follow rules quite generally.

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Lerner, Adam. The Puzzle of Pure Moral Motivation. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198823841.003.0006.

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People engage in pure moral inquiry whenever they inquire into the moral features of some act, agent, or state of affairs without inquiring into the non-moral features of that act, agent, or state of affairs. The first section of this chapter argues that ordinary people act rationally when they engage in pure moral inquiry, and so any adequate view in metaethics ought to be able to explain this fact. The Puzzle of Pure Moral Motivation is to provide such an explanation. The remaining sections of the chapter argue that each of the standard views in metaethics has trouble providing such an explanation. A metaethical view can provide such an explanation only if it meets two constraints: it allows ordinary moral inquirers to know the essences of moral properties, and the essence of each moral property makes it rational to care for its own sake whether that property is instantiated.

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Russell, Paul. Practical Reason and Motivational Skepticism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627607.003.0007.

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This chapter takes up a crucial debate between Christine Korsgaard and Bernard Williams on the subject of practical reason. Korsgaard argues that if reason can itself identify substantive ends for our actions, independent of our existing desires, then there is no genuine or distinct motivational problem about how reasons can move (rational) agents to action. In criticism of this, it is argued that when we sever the link between reasons and desires we encounter a problem about whether the internalism requirement holds for pure practical reasons. If Kantian ethical theory is to find some way to explain motivation, as it concerns pure practical reason, it needs to say more about this problem. Certainly it cannot evade it on the basis of the internalist assumption that pure practical reasons must be capable of motivating rational persons. Any assumption of this kind simply begs the question against the motivational skeptic.

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Olfert, C. M. M. Rational Action and Fitting Oneself to the World. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190281007.003.0004.

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In Chapter 4, I argue that a proper understanding of practical truth improves our understanding of the goal of practical reasoning: acting well. It does so, first, by improving our understanding of what it means for rational motives, including wishes (boulêseis) and decisions (prohaireseis), to be “rational.” I argue that these are “rational” motives in that they express a concern for practical truth. Second, my account of practical truth transforms our understanding of rational action itself. I argue that when we act on our rational motives, these actions have a striking and under-appreciated feature: they are attempts to fit ourselves to the world. Just as a concern for truth expressed in thought involves trying to fit our thoughts to the way the world is, a concern for truth expressed in motivation and action involves trying to fit ourselves and our actions to what is good in the world.

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Erich, Ammereller, and Vossenkuhl Wilhelm 1945-, eds. Rationale Motivation. Paderborn: Mentis, 2005.

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Ammereller, Erich, and Wilhelm Vossenkuhl, eds. Rationale Motivation. mentis Verlag, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.30965/9783969757079.

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Rutherford, Albert. 10-Minute Social Psychology: The Critical Thinker's Guide to Social Behavior, Motivation, and Influence To Make Rational and Effective Decisions. VDZ, 2020.

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LeBuffe, Michael. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190845803.003.0006.

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Spinoza’s uses of reason are systematically connected. In metaphysics, reason is an explanation, and each thing is, like God, its own explanation. In human minds, ideas of reason are, in the first instance, ideas of what is common to all singular things. They are powerful ideas and a kind of knowledge. In morality, the commands of reason draw upon both these senses of reason. They derive their authority from the self-explanatory nature of God, and their strong motivational power is that of ideas of reason. Finally, in political philosophy, the peculiar motivating power of ideas of reason is a source of cooperation in society. A psychologically similar kind of idea—the idea of a miracle—is highly irrational. Because we all possess ideas of reason, however, Spinoza can envision a society that remains stable even as many citizens progress from irrational to more fully rational sources of motivation.

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McKenzie, Richard B. "Human Motivation and Adam Smith’s “Invisible Hands”." In Predictably Rational?, 35–61. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-01586-1_3.

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Hennen, Manfred, and Thomas Rein. "Bindung und Motivation als implizite Annahmen der ‘Rational Choice’-Theorie." In Rational Choice in der Politikwissenschaft, 206–42. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-01128-6_10.

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Bernholz, Peter. "Information, Motivation, and the Problem of Rational Economic Calculation in Socialism." In Socialism: Institutional, Philosophical and Economic Issues, 147–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3571-6_7.

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van Rooij, Robert, and Thomas Brochhagen. "Extremes are Typical. A Game Theoretical Derivation." In Language, Cognition, and Mind, 351–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50200-3_16.

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AbstractIn this paper we argue that a typical member of a class, or category, is an extreme, rather than a central, member of this category. Making use of a formal notion of representativeness, we can say that a typical member of a category is a stereotype of this category. In the second part of the paper we show that this account of typicality can be given a rational motivation by providing a game-theoretical derivation.

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Broder, Michael S. "Motivational Coaching." In Coaching for Rational Living, 229–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74067-6_12.

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Reeve, Johnmarshall, Richard M. Ryan, Sung Hyeon Cheon, Lennia Matos, and Haya Kaplan. "Provide explanatory rationales." In Supporting Students' Motivation, 82–92. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003091738-12.

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Rothermund, Klaus, and Andreas Eder. "Motivation als rationale Kalkulation." In Allgemeine Psychologie: Motivation und Emotion, 57–87. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-531-93420-4_3.

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de Jonge, Jan. "Are Justifying Reasons Motivating?" In Rethinking Rational Choice Theory, 148–61. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230355545_12.

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Gruber, Andreas. "Motivation und Signale." In Signale, Bubbles und rationale Anlagestrategien auf Kapitalmärkten, 80–125. Wiesbaden: Deutscher Universitätsverlag, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-14555-4_4.

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Igbinigie, Osagie, Mark Cook, and Lucy Zheng. "Background and Research Rationale." In Strategic Motivations of Inward R&D FDI, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41015-5_1.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Rational motivation"

Vinnakota, Ravi, Alley Butler, and Steven LeClair. "Development of a Voronoi Tree for Cavities by Hodograph-Hodograph Intersection." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/cie-9112.

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Abstract This paper reports on research efforts to efficiently find a Voronoi tree for cavities described by Non-Uniform Non-Rational B-Spline Curves. It examines the motivation for solving this problem, and it reviews the literature on splines and their hodographs (or offset curves). This paper then offers a technique for finding a Voronoi tree for cavities by intersecting hodograph curves. The possibilities for an analytical determination of intersection are considered, and a numerical methodology is presented. This numerical method is demonstrated on two different types of problems: a symmetric cavity problem and an asymmetric cavity problem. Finally, conclusions are drawn about this work.

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Kolmakova, Daria, Grigorii Popov, Aleksandr Shklovets, and Aleksandr Ermakov. "Rational Design of Gas Turbine Engine Compressor to Provide the Required Dynamic Strength Level of Rotor Blades." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56991.

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Compressors of gas turbine engines often operate under the conditions of uneven gas flow. Oscillations of the blades occur under the influence of circumferential flow unevenness. The goal of the research was to find an acceptable method of reducing the level of dynamic stresses in the rotor blades. Motivation for the study was the problem of destruction of rotor blades of the last stage of Intermediate Pressure Compressor (IPC) which has been designed and produced at JSC “Kuznetsov” (Russia). The source of circumferential flow unevenness was middle annular frame located downstream the IPC. Seven struts with different maximum thickness are arranged irregularly in support passage. The first approaches propose to reduce the dynamic stresses in blades by detuning the blades from the dangerous harmonic due to changes in their natural frequency. The next two consist in reducing the circumferential unevenness of flow. Thus, this study gives the ideas about methods of improving the dynamic strength of rotor blades of gas turbine engine compressors. On the basis of existing conditions (under development or existing compressor) it allows the selection of the most suitable method for reducing dynamic stresses.

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BALEŽENTIENĖ, Ligita. "THE SCALE OF ECOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES FOR THE MAINTENANCE OF SUSTAINABLE ENVIRONMENT IN URBAN AMATEUR GARDENS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.093.

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Though urban areas globally cover only about 3% of the earth’s land surface, the UAGs have received a little attention with regards to their ecological facilities. The main aim of this study remains to assess and compare the choice of ecological management options, which guidelines to improvement of environmental-friendly forms of gardening provided by two different UAGs, e.g. Užuovėja (U) and Nemunas (N) in Kaunas distr., central Lithuania. The gardeners were interviewed to identify their preference of different gardening means and reasons for their ecological choices using a questionnaire (n = 60) containing questions about gardening behaviour were surveyed. The interviewed gardeners differ in their commitment and motivation, their agro-ecological practices, and their habits when growing fruits and vegetables. Ecological means, e.g. self-generated compost, turf and organic fertilizer were applied in 43.3-16.7; 16.7-6.7 and 43.3-16.7% in UAGs N and U, respectively. Only 3 or 10% (N) and 4 or 13.3% (U), of respondent regularly used chemical control means regularly. Unfortunately, only 11 or 36.7% (N) and 4 or 13.3% (U) of respondents regularly and sometimes used biological control means. While 7 or 23.3% (N) and 1 or 3.3% (U) of respondents apply biological control means on rare occasion. The large amount of gardeners’, i.e. 63% (N) and 80% (U) employs the natural water resources. This study shows that choice of the urban gardeners for the farming options proceeds the act of production through the conscious manipulation of natural resources, by the means of mobilizing practices (soil improvement, pest control means, watering), as well as supported by knowledge and sustainable viewpoint. Nonetheless, local ecosystem services will support gardener motivation, enhancing knowledge of sustainable gardening, authorizing the rational use of bio-control and soil improvement products, expresses an essential need for rational usage of water and other environmental resources.

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Pham, Hiep, Linda Brennan, and Joan Richardson. "Review of Behavioural Theories in Security Compliance and Research Challenge." In InSITE 2017: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Vietnam. Informing Science Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3722.

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Aim/Purpose: Inconsistent findings on the effect of various determinants of cyber security behaviour emphasise the need for further understanding of the applicability of compliance theories. The paper provides a critical review of determinants of users’ cyber security behaviour and establishes directions for future research. Background: Cyber security behaviour has been studied using a range of behavioural theories. Factors from these theories help organisations to develop suitable initiatives to encourage positive compliance from the employees. Contribution: The paper integrates factors that can impact cyber security behaviour from Theory of Planned Behaviour, Protection Motivation Theory, Rational Choice Theory and General Deterrence Theory into an overarching framework for better connection of the theories. Previous studies’ findings were analysed to establish research challenges in the field. Future Research: Future research should investigate the complex interaction between organizational and personal characteristics so that a security program can be developed that can effectively engage employees with security tasks even in demanding work environment.

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Malaterre, P. "Automotive trends: rationale and motivations." In IEE Seminar OSEK/VDX Open Systems in Automotive Networks. IEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19981072.

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Shmakova, N. N. "The need for people with disabilities due to coronary heart disease in medical and social rehabilitation and the results of its implementation." In International Scientific and Practical Conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-555767.

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The study of the need for people with disabilities due to coronary artery dis-ease in various types of medical and social rehabilitation over a 7-year observation period showed that disabled people needed medical rehabilitation in 100% of cas-es, in professional – in 43.2%, in social – 88.6%, in technical means of rehabilita-tion in 7.6%. In the section of medical rehabilitation, 89.3% of disabled people needed inpatient rehabilitation treatment, 91.1% – outpatient treatment, 46.3% – in sanatorium treatment. Rational employment was needed by 44.8% of disabled persons of group III, 6.1% – disabled persons of group II. 86.4% of disabled peo-ple needed information and consulting services, 77.6% needed legal assistance, 39.8% needed psychological assistance. The proportion of implemented IPRAs was 98.4%, of which in the section of medical rehabilitation – 98.3% of cases, in pro-fessional – 16.6%, in social – 77.7%. The IPRA was fully implemented in 69.6% of cases, partially in 27.3%, and the non-implemented IPRA was 3.1%. As a result of the implementation of these measures, 6.3% of disabled people achieved full com-pensation for impaired functions, 46.8% – partial compensation for impaired func-tions, 8.5% of disabled people achieved full self-service ability, 12.4% – partial, 17, 2% of disabled people are provided with employment. When assessing the need for people with disabilities due to coronary artery disease in various types of reha-bilitation, the leading role of medical rehabilitation with active dynamic control and psychological assistance, the need for motivation for vocational rehabilitation was determined.

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Bonatti, Piero A. "Rational Closure For All Description Logics (Extended Abstract)." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/700.

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Many modern applications of description logics (DLs, for short), such as biomedical ontologies and semantic web policies, provide compelling motivations for extending DLs with an overriding mechanism analogous to the homonymous feature of object-oriented programming. Rational closure (RC) is one of the candidate semantics for such extensions, and one of the most intensively studied. So far, however, it has been limited to strict fragments of SROIQ(D) – the logic on which OWL2 is founded. In this paper we prove that RC cannot be extended to logics that do not satisfy the disjoint model union property, including SROIQ(D). Then we introduce a refinement of RC called stable rational closure that overcomes the dependency on the disjoint model union property. Our results show that stable RC is a natural extension of RC. However, its positive features come at a price: stable RC re-introduces one of the undesirable features of other nonmonotonic logics, namely, deductive closures may not exist and may not be unique.

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Hafner, Michae¨l A., Thomas A. Holst, and Scott A. Billington. "Blade Tip Measurement Advanced Visualization Using a Three Dimensional Representation." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46523.

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A microwave tip clearance sensor capable of measuring the hottest stages of industrial and aero gas turbines has been developed. This new microwave sensor has been integrated into a commercial package for online real-time monitoring of machine data. However, data analysis of large numbers of tip clearance probes makes standard industry graphic techniques cluttered. A method has been developed to reduce this data and visualize it in order to provide intuitive representations of the data from which a user can quickly draw the right conclusions about machine behavior. The main motivation for the development of a 3D graphical user interface is the density of information that can be shown to the user at one time. Tip clearance measurement is very data-rich, as every individual blade for each sensor mounted around the engine case is available. The result is that it may be difficult to find slight changes within hundreds of clearance trends. Only specialists with long experience in tip clearance measurement can synthesize all the data quickly enough using standard 2D plots. The 3D graphical user interface brings all of this data together to calculate the aggregated blade pattern, rotor positioning, and estimated case shape. All of these measurements are available to the user in a single visualization. Colors indicating alarm or clearance scale quickly draw attention to the most important data such as the minimum clearance point around the engine case where a rub may be likely to occur. This method is based about a case shape fitting algorithm that combines data from multiple sensors to make a case shape estimate based on fitting of a non-uniform rational B-spline (NURB). The scaling is also distorted in order to accentuate the graphics in a way that provides an intuitive understanding of the machine state. The method of applying this data accentuation is important so as to not be misleading. This innovative navigation interface presented in this paper capitalizes on modern advances in computer graphics to aid engineers and operators in understanding, access, monitoring, and analysis of tip clearance and air-gap measurements.

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Baratchart, Laurent. "Rational and meromorphic approximation in LP of the circle: system-theoretic motivations, critical points and error rates." In Third CMFT Conference. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812833044_0004.

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Husser, Nicholas, and Stefano Brizzolara. "An Uncertainty Evaluation of Different Fidelity Methods to Predict Ship Motions and Structural Loading in Waves." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18755.

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Abstract In this study, four approaches are investigated to predict the motions and structural loads on a containership in waves. The Flockstra (1974) containership model is used as the benchmark for this study as extensive experimental data is available to compare to the predictions. The hydrodynamic loads and motions are predicted using strip theory, a zero speed Green’s functions panel method with forward speed correction, a fully unsteady 3D panel method and unsteady RANSE simulations for limited cases. Simulations are performed at Fn = 0.245 in head, stern quartering, and bow quartering seas for wave length to ship length ration λ/L of 0.35–1.40. The accuracy of each method, relative to experimental results, in predicting the amplitudes of heave, pitch, and roll are investigated. Vertical and horizontal bending moments, shear forces, and the torsional moment on the hull at midships and 0.25LBP forward and aft of midships are also calculated and compared with the measured values. Through comparison with experimental data, the relative uncertainty of all four methodologies in predicting both motions and structural loads are assessed and discussed. Overall, all linearized potential flow methods show a large discrepancy with the experimental loads, motivating the need for further studies on non-linear effects for this particular ship type. This paper has been prepared in the framework of the ISSC-ITTC special joint committee on uncertainty quantification in wave load estimation.

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Bykova, Tatyana B., Mykola V. Ivashchenko, Darja A. Kassim, and Vasyl I. Kovalchuk. Blended learning in the context of digitalization. [б. в.], June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4441.

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The realities of digitalization require changes in strategies for choosing educational technologies. The modern educational process is not possible without the use of digital technologies. Digital technologies have led to the arising and development of blended learning. However, its effectiveness is determined not only by technology. The human factor receives special attention in this direction. Analysis of the World Development Report 2016: Digital Dividends allows us to identify digital competence as a necessary condition for the successful use of digital technologies, and hence blended learning. Learning interactions designing in the process of implementing blended learning requires timely diagnosis of the level of digital competence. A popular tool for this is the Digital Competence Framework for Citizens. To clarify the peculiarities of its use was made an analysis of the experimental implementation results of blended learning in the industrial training in sewing for intended masters. During the research, it was revealed that the most important digital competence areas for the variable learning establishment in the training of future professionals are Information and data literacy, Communication and collaboration and Problem solving. In addition, competence for area Problem solving conduce to increase the level of competence for all other areas. The level of digital competence of the subjects mainly coincide to the characteristics of basic and secondary levels. The obtained data clarified the reasons for the difficulties, decrease motivation and cognitive activity that occur among students using distance courses-resources learning designed for blended learning. Thus, the use of the Digital Competence Framework for Citizens at the initial stage of implementing blended learning can make a rational choice of strategies for combining face-to-face and distance learning technologies.

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Nezhyva, Liudmyla L., Svitlana P. Palamar, and Oksana S. Lytvyn. Perspectives on the use of augmented reality within the linguistic and literary field of primary education. [б. в.], November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4415.

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The article analyzes the scientific sources on the problem of augmented reality in the educational field. There is a fragmentary rationale for new technology in primary school, to a greater extent the experience of scientists and practitioners relate to the integrated course “I am exploring the world”. The peculiarities of Ukrainian and foreign writers’ works with AR applications, which are appropriate to use during the classes of literary reading, are analyzed. The authors substantiated the prospect of augmented reality technology for mastering the artistic image of the world of literary work, the relevance of use of AR to modern educational challenges, and also demonstrated the possibility of immersion into the space of artistic creation and activation of students’ imagination with the help of AR applications. The article demonstrates the possibilities of use AR-technology for the development of emotional intelligence and creative thinking, solving educational tasks by setting up an active dialogue with literary heroes. The basic stages of the application of AR technologies in the literary reading lessons in accordance with the opportunities of the electronic resource are described: involvement; interaction; listening, reading and audition; research; creative work; evaluation. It is confirmed that in the process of using augmented reality technology during the reading lessons, the qualitative changes in the process of formation of the reader’s culture of the students of experimental classes appears, as well as the increase of motivation, development of emotional intelligence and creative thinking.

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TETINA, S. V., Yu V. GUTROVA, I. E. ZHIDKOVA, Yu G. MAKOVETSKAYA, E. S. KRASNITSKAYA, E. G. KOLIKOVA, and N. O. NIKOLOV. BUSINESS DIDACTIC GAME "INDIVIDUAL METHODOLOGICAL STYLE OF TEACHER'S ACTIVITY". SIB-Expertise, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0543.17032022.

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Abstract: the proposed business didactic game is aimed at developing the creative attitude of the teacher to his own professional activity. The motivational material of a business didactic game allows the teacher to understand that his activity has sometimes elusive pedagogical algorithms and strategies, the totality of which can be called such a concept as an individual methodological style of activity. In addition to pedagogical strategies, this concept reflects the unique psychological qualities of the individual, which allow the teacher to influence the quality of the acquired knowledge. It is also emphasized that the concept of an individual style of activity is the result of the teacher's internal hard work, the result of a long search, value. On this basis, the individual style of activity rejects the concept of "charisma", since it is self-sufficient and does not need to be theatrically announced to any audience. All the value bases of an individual methodological style of activity are aimed not at narcissism, but at helping students in mastering the internal content of a particular academic subject. The leading sign of the formation of an individual methodological style of activity is the ability to correctly combine one's original author's position on the content principles of the taught subject with the guiding and prescriptive lines of the work program. The author's position of the teacher, which combines the emotional and rational components, is also reflected in external behavioral mechanisms. At the same time, expressive forms of behavior are not a mandatory feature of the individual style of methodological activity. A special style of preparing educational material, a list of methods and forms of teaching is structured on the basis of a situational understanding of the subtle mechanisms of teaching, educating and developing schoolchildren

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Bizer, Kilian, and Martin Führ. Responsive Regulierung für den homo oeconomicus institutionalis – Ökonomische Verhaltenstheorie in der Verhältnismäßigkeitsprüfung. Sonderforschungsgruppe Institutionenanalyse, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.46850/sofia.393379529x.

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The starting point of the research project was the hypothesis that the "principle of proportionality", which is fundamental to law, is related to the "economic principle". The resulting methodological similarities were intended to enable a cross-disciplinary bridge to be built, which would allow the findings of economic analysis to be made fruitful for legal issues. This was practically tested in three study areas in order to be able to better classify the performance of the analytical tools. The foundations for interdisciplinary bridge building are found in the rational-choice paradigm. In both disciplines, this paradigm calls for an examination of the relationship between the purpose-means-relations: among the design options under consideration, the one must be selected that is expected to be as (freedom- or resource-) sparing as possible, in other words, the most "waste-free" solution to the control problem.The results of the economic analysis can thus be "translated" in such a way that, within the framework of "necessity", they support the search for control instruments that are equivalent to the objective but less disruptive. supports. The core of the positive economic analysis is the motivational situation of those actors whose behavior is to be influenced by a changed legal framework. In this context, the classical behavioral model of economics proved to be too limited. It therefore had to be developed further in line with the findings of research in institutional economics into homo oeconomicus institutionalis. This behavioral model takes into account not only the consequentialist, strictly situational utility orientation of the model person, but also other factors influencing behavior, including above all those that are institutionally mediated. If one takes the motivational situation of the actors as the starting point for policy-advising design recommendations, it becomes apparent that an understanding of governance dominated by imperative behavioral specifications leads to less favorable results, both in terms of the degree to which goals are achieved and in terms of the freedom-impairing effects, than a mixed-instrument approach oriented toward the model of "responsive regulation." According to this model, the law can no longer simply assume that those subject to the law will "obediently" execute the legal commands. It must ask itself what other factors determine behavior and under what boundary conditions changes can be expected in the direction of the desired behavior. For this reason, too, it must engage with the cognitive program of the behavioral sciences. This linkage opens up new perspectives for interdisciplinary research on the consequences of laws.

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