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Готові списки джерел за темами / Range of motion

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Range of motion"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 14 листопада 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Range of motion":

1

Kuramoto, Alice. "Passive Range of Motion." Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing 29, no. 6 (November 1998): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/0022-0124-19981101-03.

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2

Werner, Brian C., Chris M. Kuenze, Justin W. Griffin, Matthew L. Lyons, Joseph M. Hart, and Stephen F. Brockmeier. "Shoulder Range of Motion." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 1, no. 4_suppl (January 2013): 2325967113S0010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967113s00106.

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3

Lea, R. D., and J. J. Gerhardt. "Range-of-motion measurements." Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery 77, no. 5 (May 1995): 784–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-199505000-00017.

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4

Bellamy, R. E. "Range-of-motion measurements." Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery 77, no. 12 (December 1995): 1946. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-199512000-00022.

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5

Leibovic, S. J. "Range-of-motion measurements." Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery 77, no. 12 (December 1995): 1946–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-199512000-00023.

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6

Mayer, Tom G., George Kondraske, Susan Brady Beals, and Robert J. Gatchel. "Spinal Range of Motion." Spine 22, no. 17 (September 1997): 1976–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007632-199709010-00006.

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7

Makkad, Satwinderpal S. "Range from motion blur." Optical Engineering 32, no. 8 (1993): 1915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.143301.

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8

Sánchez-Arce, Isidro de Jesús, Alan Walmsley, Muhammed Fahad, and Emmanuel Santiago Durazo-Romero. "Lateral differences of the forearm range of motion." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part H: Journal of Engineering in Medicine 234, no. 5 (February 8, 2020): 496–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954411920904597.

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Malunion is a common complication of distal radius fracture and often causes a reduction in the range of motion. The measurement of the range of motion is a part of the process for evaluating the final motion after a malunion of a distal radius fracture is diagnosed. However, the amount of range of motion reduced due to the malunion often is calculated upon the assumption that the motion is equal in both forearms. Although this assumption has been questioned, not much work has been conducted which defines the difference in range of motion between the two forearms. In this work, a methodology has been proposed to measure the forearm range of motion using inertial measurement units. The motion was measured in both forearms of a control group. Afterwards, the motion was compared between both forearm sides; then, differences and relationships were drawn. Our results indicated that the forearm rotational motion is larger in the dominant forearm. Moreover, pronation and supination motions differ among the limbs, supination being always larger than pronation. In the dominant forearm, supination is much larger than pronation, while in the non-dominant their magnitudes are rather close. These results provide important data for a more accurate way to determine how the malunion of a fracture or another pathology affects the forearm motion.

9

Prazdny, Kvetoslav. "Three-Dimensional Structure from Long-Range Apparent Motion." Perception 15, no. 5 (October 1986): 619–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p150619.

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Experiments are reported which show that three-dimensional structure can be perceived from two-dimensional image motions carried by objects defined solely by the differences in binocular and/or temporal correlation (ie disparity or motion discontinuities). This demonstrates that the kinetic depth effect is independent of motion detection in the luminance domain and that its relevant input comes from detectors based on some form of identity preservation of objects or features over time, ie the long-range processes of apparent motion.

10

Grossberg, Stephen, and Michael E. Rudd. "Cortical dynamics of visual motion perception: Short-range and long-range apparent motion." Psychological Review 99, no. 1 (1992): 78–121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.99.1.78.

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Дисертації з теми "Range of motion":

1

Silk, Simon. "High Dynamic Range Panoramic Imaging with Scene Motion." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/20394.

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Real-world radiance values can range over eight orders of magnitude from starlight to direct sunlight but few digital cameras capture more than three orders in a single Low Dynamic Range (LDR) image. We approach this problem using established High Dynamic Range (HDR) techniques in which multiple images are captured with different exposure times so that all portions of the scene are correctly exposed at least once. These images are then combined to create an HDR image capturing the full range of the scene. HDR capture introduces new challenges; movement in the scene creates faded copies of moving objects, referred to as ghosts. Many techniques have been introduced to handle ghosting, but typically they either address specific types of ghosting, or are computationally very expensive. We address ghosting by first detecting moving objects, then reducing their contribution to the final composite on a frame-by-frame basis. The detection of motion is addressed by performing change detection on exposure-normalized images. Additional special cases are developed based on a priori knowledge of the changing exposures; for example, if exposure is increasing every shot, then any decrease in intensity in the LDR images is a strong indicator of motion. Recent Superpixel over-segmentation techniques are used to refine the detection. We also propose a novel solution for areas that see motion throughout the capture, such as foliage blowing in the wind. Such areas are detected as always moving, and are replaced with information from a single input image, and the replacement of corrupted regions can be tailored to the scenario. We present our approach in the context of a panoramic tele-presence system. Tele-presence systems allow a user to experience a remote environment, aiming to create a realistic sense of "being there" and such a system should therefore provide a high quality visual rendition of the environment. Furthermore, panoramas, by virtue of capturing a greater proportion of a real-world scene, are often exposed to a greater dynamic range than standard photographs. Both facets of this system therefore stand to benefit from HDR imaging techniques. We demonstrate the success of our approach on multiple challenging ghosting scenarios, and compare our results with state-of-the-art methods previously proposed. We also demonstrate computational savings over these methods.

2

Wright, Thomas J. "The long-range integration of visual motion information." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0003/MQ28265.pdf.

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3

Sand, Peter (Peter M. ). 1977. "Long-range video motion estimation using point trajectories." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38319.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 97-104).
This thesis describes a new approach to video motion estimation, in which motion is represented using a set of particles. Each particle is an image point sample with a long-duration trajectory and other properties. To optimize these particles, we measure point-based matching along the particle trajectories and distortion between the particles. The resulting motion representation is useful for a variety of applications and differs from optical flow, feature tracking, and parametric or layer-based models. We demonstrate the algorithm on challenging real-world videos that include complex scene geometry, multiple types of occlusion, regions with low texture, and non-rigid deformation.
by Peter Sand.
Ph.D.

4

Lu, Yi, Qinlong Ren, Tingting Liu, Siu Ling Leung, Vincent Gau, Joseph C. Liao, Cho Lik Chan, and Pak Kin Wong. "Long-range electrothermal fluid motion in microfluidic systems." PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621709.

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AC electrothermal flow (ACEF) is the fluid motion created as a result of Joule heating induced temperature gradients. ACEF is capable of performing major microfluidic operations, such as pumping, mixing, concentration, separation and assay enhancement, and is effective in biological samples with a wide range of electrical conductivity. Here, we report long-range fluid motion induced by ACEF, which creates centimeter-scale vortices. The long-range fluid motion displays a strong voltage dependence and is suppressed in microchannels with a characteristic length below similar to 300 mu m. An extended computational model of ACEF, which considers the effects of the density gradient and temperature-dependent parameters, is developed and compared experimentally by particle image velocimetry. The model captures the essence of ACEF in a wide range of channel dimensions and operating conditions. The combined experimental and computational study reveals the essential roles of buoyancy, temperature rise, and associated changes in material properties in the formation of the long-range fluid motion. Our results provide critical information for the design and modeling of ACEF based microfluidic systems toward various bioanalytical applications. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

5

Preddie, Alaina Katelyn. "Glovebox Workers’ Range of Motion in Three Gloveports." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu155408132299994.

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6

Cleary, Robert. "Spatial frequency selective processes in short range motion perception." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.237562.

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7

Tam, C. K. "Motion planning algorithm for ships in close range encounters." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/17267/.

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Efficient maritime navigation through obstructions is still one of the many problems faced by mariners. The increasing traffic densities and average cruise speed of ships also impede the collision avoidance decision making process by reducing the time in which decisions have to be made. It seems logical that the decision making process be computerised and automated as a step towards reducing the risk of collision. Although some studies have focused on this area, the majority did not consider the collision regulations or environmental conditions and many previously proposed methods were idealistic. This study develops a motion planning algorithm that determines an optimal navigation path for ships in close range encounters based on known and predicted traffic and environmental data, with emphasis on the adaptability of the algorithm to optimised for different criteria or missions. The domain of interest is the 5 nautical mile region around own-ship based on the effective range of most modern navigation radars and identification devices. Several computational constraints have been incorporated into the algorithm and categorised based on safety priority. Collision-free and conformity with collision regulations are the primary constraints that have to be satisfied; followed by secondary or optional mission specific constraints e.g. commensurate with environmental conditions or taking the shortest navigation path. Own-ship speed is considered to be a dynamic property and a function of the engine setting, which is a variable modifiable by the optimisation routine. The change in the ship’s momentum as a result of a turning manoeuvre is also included in the model. A modified version of an evolutionary algorithm is adopted to perform the optimisation, where the variables are spatial coordinates and the engine setting at the particular path segment. The navigation path can be optimised for specific criteria by adjusting the weighting on the cost functions that describe the properties of the navigation paths.

8

Hallbeck, M. Susan. "Biomechanical analysis of carpal flexion and extension." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26086.

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An experiment was performed to evaluate the relations between active range of motion (ROM) and upper limb anthropometric dimensions. Eight anthropometric dimensions, forearm length, distal and proximal forearm circumferences, wrist breadth, wrist thickness, wrist circumference, hand breadth, and hand length in combination with gender, wrist position, and direction of motion or exertion were evaluated to determine their effects on instant center of rotation (ICOR) and the magnitude of force exertion. The knowledge gained from analysis of the study data will be the first step in the formulation of a biomechanical model of wrist flexion and extension. Such a model would predict forces and torques at specific wrist postures and be employed to reduce cumulative trauma disorders of the wrist. Sixty right-hand dominant subjects (30 male, 30 female) between 20 and 30 years of age all reporting no prior wrist injury and good to excellent overall physical condition, were employed in this study. The upper limb anthropometric dimensions and ROM were measured and recorded for each subject. The anthropometric dimensions were compared to tabulated data. The measured active ROM values were compared with values in the literature. Correlation coefficients between pairs of anthropometric variables (by gender) were calculated. The mean active ROM measures, 164.0 deg for females and 151.8 deg for males, were significantly different (Z = 2.193, p = 0.014). The relationships between the anthropometric variables and active ROM were analyzed by three methods: correlation between ROM and each anthropometric dimension, prediction (regression) equations, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). No correlation coefficient between ROM and any anthropometric dimension was greater than 0.7. No prediction equation, based upon linear and quadratic combinations of anthropometric dimensions variables, was above the threshold of acceptability (R² ≥ 0.5). The results of the ANOVA showed a significant effect for gender. The ICOR had been hypothesized to be either in the head or neck of the capitate. The Method of Reuleaux was employed to locate the leOR points for flexion and extension (over the ROM) of the wrist with three load conditions, i.e., no-load, palmar resistance, and dorsal resistance. Analysis of the data, using ANOYA, showed that wrist position was the only significant variable. Thus, in future wrist models, the assumption cannot be made that the wrist is a pin-centered joint for flexion and extension. The static maximal voluntary contractile forces that can be generated by recruiting only the six wrist-dedicated muscles in various wrist positions were measured. There was a significant gender difference for the mean flexion force (Z = 4.00, p = 0.0001) and for the mean extension force (Z = 4.58, p = 0.0001). Females averaged 76.3 percent of the mean male flexion force and 72.4 percent for extension. The force data, categorized by gender, were then analyzed using three methods: correlation of variable pairs, regression equations, and ANOVA. None of the eight anthropometric dimensions and ROM was correlated with flexion or with extension force at an acceptable level. The prediction equations, linear and quadratic combinations of all possible subsets of anthropometric dimension values, ROM, and wrist position did not meet the minimum acceptable level of R² ≥ 0.5. The ANOVA procedure showed gender, wrist position, direction of force exertion, and the wrist position interaction with direction to have significant effects upon maximal force exertion.
Ph. D.

9

Subramanian, Anbumani. "Image Segmentation and Range Estimation Using a Moving-aperture Lens." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/32289.

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Given 2D images, it still remains a big challenge in the field of computer vision to group the image points into logical objects (segmentation) and to determine the locations in the scene (range estimation). Despite the decades of research, a single solution is yet to be found. Through our research we have demonstrated that a possible solution is to use moving aperture lens. This lens has the effect of introducing small, repeating movements of the camera center so that objects appear to translate in the image, by an amount that depends on distance from the plane of focus. Our novel method employs optical flow techniques to an image sequence, captured using a video camera with a moving aperture lens. For a stationary scene, optical flow magnitudes and direction are directly related to the three-dimensional object distance and location from the observer. Exploiting this information, we have successfully extracted objects at different depths and estimated the locations of objects in the scene, with respect to the plane of focus. Our work therefore demonstrates an ability for passive range estimation, without emitting any energy in an environment. Other potential applications include video compression, 3D video broadcast, teleconferencing and autonomous vehicle navigation.
Master of Science

10

Jordan, Kelvin. "Statistical assessment of cervical spine and shoulder range of motion." Thesis, Keele University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.323756.

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Measuring range of motion (for example, of the cervical spine or shoulder) is a common feature in the diagnosis and longitudinal assessment of many medical conditions. Current clinical methods, however, cannot measure combinations of movement or velocity of movement. A new threedimensional measuring system, the FASTRAK, can measure range of motion in the primary plane of movement and also in secondary planes of movement. Further, it can measure concurrent threedimensional movement of the body elsewhere; for example, of the trunk. In order for a measured change in range of motion to be confidently perceived as real change, the measuring tool has to be shown to be reliable. This study commences by performing systematic reviews assessing the evidence for the reliability of current cervical spine and shoulder range of motion measuring tools. The reliability of the FASTRAK in measuring cervical spine and shoulder range of motion is then assessed on healthy subjects with unrestricted neck and shoulder movement. The methodology and analysis provides a framework for future reliability studies of this nature. Range of motion is often limited in subjects with diagnosed ankylosing spondylitis (AS). To assess the ability of the FASTRAK to differentiate between a non-diseased population and subjects with AS, and between different severities of AS, the FASTRAK is applied to a sample of AS subjects in a longitudinal study. Pictures of movement are built up and compared, using a novel application of repeated measures multilevel modelling, for both healthy and AS subjects. The use of multilevel modelling to build these pictures of movement is evaluated. Clinical validation of the models and the usefulness and acceptability of the FASTRAK in a clinical setting is assessed through the process of semi-structured interviews with clinicians from the disciplines most likely to make range of motion measurements in clinical practice.

Більше джерел

Книги з теми "Range of motion":

1

Berg, Elizabeth. Range of motion. New York: Jove Books, 1996.

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2

Singleton, Martin. Range of motion. Toronto: Wolsak and Wynn, 1989.

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3

Berg, Elizabeth. Range of motion. New York: Random House, 1995.

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4

Berg, Elizabeth. Range of Motion. Thorndike, Me: Thorndike Press, 1996.

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5

Loeper, Jennifer. Range of motion exercise. Minneapolis, MN: Sister Kenny Institute, 1985.

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6

Books, Time-Life, ed. Staying flexible: The full range of motion. Alexandria, Va: Time-Life Books, 1987.

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7

Books, Time-Life, ed. Staying flexible: The full range of motion. Amsterdam: Time-Life Books, 1987.

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8

Reese, Nancy Berryman. Joint range of motion and muscle length testing. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Saunders/Elsevier, 2010.

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9

B, Greene Walter, Heckman James D, and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons., eds. The clinical measurement of joint motion. Rosemont, Ill: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, 1994.

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10

Ryf, Christian. Range of motion: AO Neutral-0 Method : measurement and documentation = AO Neutral-0 Methode : messung und dokumentation. Stuttgart: Thieme, 1999.

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Частини книг з теми "Range of motion":

1

Warth, Ryan J., and Peter J. Millett. "Range of Motion." In Physical Examination of the Shoulder, 5–38. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2593-3_2.

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2

Bab-Hadiashar, A., and D. Suter. "Range and Motion Segmentation." In Data Segmentation and Model Selection for Computer Vision, 119–42. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-21528-0_5.

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3

Chow, Esther Ching San. "Evaluation of Range of Motion." In The Art of the Musculoskeletal Physical Exam, 239–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24404-9_25.

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4

Cohen, Carina, Gyoguevara Patriota, Guilherme Stirma, and Benno Ejnisman. "Evaluation of Range of Motion." In The Art of the Musculoskeletal Physical Exam, 117–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24404-9_14.

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5

Qian, Hong. "Fractional Brownian Motion and Fractional Gaussian Noise." In Processes with Long-Range Correlations, 22–33. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44832-2_2.

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6

Garino, J. P. "Recommendations for Maximizing Range of Motion." In Bioceramics in Joint Arthroplasty, 157–61. Heidelberg: Steinkopff, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7985-1968-8_27.

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7

Iwai, Yoshio, Tomohiro Mashita, and Masahiko Yachida. "Wide-Range Tracking Hands in Real-Time." In Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects, 131–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36138-3_11.

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8

Ito, Masahide, and Masaaki Shibata. "Visual Servo Control Admitting Joint Range of Motion Maximally." In Robot Motion and Control 2011, 225–35. London: Springer London, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-2343-9_19.

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9

Gilmer, Brian B., and Dan Guttmann. "Anatomy Related to the Range of Motion." In Shoulder Stiffness, 123–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46370-3_9.

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10

Xiang, Guofu, Xiangyang Ju, and Patrik O’B Holt. "Automatic 3D Facial Model and Texture Reconstruction from Range Scans." In Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects, 260–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14061-7_25.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Range of motion":

1

Olson, Craig, David Gaudioso, Andrew Beard, and Richard Gueler. "Statistical evaluation of motion-based MTF for full-motion video using the Python-based PyBSM image quality analysis toolbox." In Long-Range Imaging III, edited by Eric J. Kelmelis. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2305406.

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2

Gueler, Richard, Craig Olson, and Andrew Sparks. "Estimating uncertainty in limiting resolution of full motion video." In Long-Range Imaging III, edited by Eric J. Kelmelis. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2304052.

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3

Zhang, Zhengyou, and Olivier D. Faugeras. "Motion analysis of two stereo views and its applications." In Close-Range Photogrammetry Meets Machine Vision. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2294325.

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4

Solari, Massimo, and Pietro Morasso. "Kinesis: a model-driven approach to human motion analysis." In Close-Range Photogrammetry Meets Machine Vision. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2294342.

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5

Peled, Gal, Nir Karasikov, Roman Yasinov, Vadim Derechinsky, Rita Yetkariov, Israel Shayer, and Alan Feinstein. "Precision motion enables unique optical zoom and staring capabilities of a miniature payload (Conference Presentation)." In Long-Range Imaging III, edited by Eric J. Kelmelis. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2311454.

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6

Sandula, Pavan, and Manish Okade. "Camera Zoom Motion Detection in the Compressed Domain." In 2019 International Conference on Range Technology (ICORT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icort46471.2019.9069604.

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7

Leberl, Franz, Wolfgang Kober, Kelly Maurice, and Sean Curry. "Real-time close-range 3D motion measurements for dental medicine." In Close-Range Photogrammetry Meets Machine Vision. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2294290.

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8

Wilson, R. "Real-time close-range 3D non-contact volume and motion measurements." In Close-Range Photogrammetry Meets Machine Vision. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2294248.

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9

Masory, Oren, and Jesse Curtin. "Shoulder Range of Motion Measurement." In The Thirteenth Latin American and Caribbean Conference for Engineering and Technology. LACCEI, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18687/laccei2015.1.1.023.

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10

Adams, L. P., M. Klein, B. Gutschow, and A. Tregidga. "Near real time biostereometric studies of regional body surface motion in respiration." In Close-Range Photogrammetry Meets Machine Vision. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2294340.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Range of motion":

1

Popovic, Mirjana B., Dejan B. Popovic, and Nebojsa Ralevic. Functional Range of Motion During GRASP: Impact of the Object Location. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada412366.

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2

Abrahamson, Norman, Nicolas Kuehn, Zeynep Gulerce, Nicholas Gregor, Yousef Bozorgnia, Grace Parker, Jonathan Stewart, et al. Update of the BC Hydro Subduction Ground-Motion Model using the NGA- Subduction Dataset. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, June 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/oycd7434.

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An update to the BCHydro ground-motion model for subduction earthquakes has been developed using the 2018 PEER NGA-SUB dataset. The selected subset includes over 70,000 recordings from 1880 earthquakes. The update modifies the BCHydro model to include regional terms for the VS30 scaling, large distance (linear R) scaling, and constant terms, which is consistent with the regionalization approach used in the NGA-W2 ground-motion models. A total of six regions were considered: Cascadia, Central America, Japan, New Zealand, South America, and Taiwan. Region- independent terms are used for the small-magnitude scaling, geometrical spreading, depth to top of rupture (ZTOR ) scaling, and slab/interface scaling. The break in the magnitude scaling at large magnitudes for slab earthquakes is based on thickness of the slab and is subduction-zone dependent. The magnitude scaling for large magnitudes is constrained based on finite-fault simulations as given in the 2016 BCHydro model. Nonlinear site response is also constrained to be the same as the 2016 BCHydro model. The sparse ground-motion data from Cascadia show a factor of 2–3 lower ground motions than for other regions. Without a sound physical basis for this large reduction, the Cascadia model is adjusted to be consistent with the average from all regions for the center range of the data: M = 6.5, R = 100 km, VS30 = 400 m/sec. Epistemic uncertainty is included using the scaled backbone approach, with high and low models based on the range of average ground motions for the different regions. For the Cascadia region, the ground-motion model is considered applicable to distance up to 1000 km, magnitudes of 5.0 to 9.5, and periods from 0 to 10 sec. The intended use of this update is to provide an improved ground-motion model for consideration for use in the development of updated U.S. national hazard maps. This update ground-motion model will be superseded by the NGA-SUB ground-motion model when they are completed.

3

Goulet, Christine, Yousef Bozorgnia, Norman Abrahamson, Nicolas Kuehn, Linda Al Atik, Robert Youngs, Robert Graves, and Gail Atkinson. Central and Eastern North America Ground-Motion Characterization - NGA-East Final Report. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/wdwr4082.

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This document is the final project report of the Next Generation Attenuation for Central and Eastern North America (CENA) project (NGA-East). The NGA-East objective was to develop a new ground-motion characterization (GMC) model for the CENA region. The GMC model consists of a set of new ground-motion models (GMMs) for median and standard deviation of ground motions and their associated weights to be used with logic-trees in probabilistic seismic hazard analyses (PSHA). NGA-East is a large multidisciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER), at the University of California. The project has two components: (1) a set of scientific research tasks, and (2) a model-building component following the framework of the “Seismic Senior Hazard Analysis Committee (SSHAC) Level 3” (Budnitz et al. 1997; NRC 2012). Component (2) is built on the scientific results of component (1) of the NGA-East project. This report documents the tasks under component (2) of the project. Under component (1) of NGA-East, several scientific issues were addressed, including: (a) development of a new database of ground motion data recorded in CENA; (b) development of a regionalized ground-motion map for CENA, (c) definition of the reference site condition; (d) simulations of ground motions based on different methodologies; and (e) development of numerous GMMs for CENA. The scientific tasks of NGA-East were all documented as a series of PEER reports. The scope of component (2) of NGA-East was to develop the complete GMC. This component was designed as a SSHAC Level 3 study with the goal of capturing the ground motions’ center, body, and range of the technically defensible interpretations in light of the available data and models. The SSHAC process involves four key tasks: evaluation, integration, formal review by the Participatory Peer Review Panel (PPRP), and documentation (this report). Key tasks documented in this report include review and evaluation of the empirical ground- motion database, the regionalization of ground motions, and screening sets of candidate GMMs. These are followed by the development of new median and standard deviation GMMs, the development of new analyses tools for quantifying the epistemic uncertainty in ground motions, and the documentation of implementation guidelines of the complete GMC for PSHA computations. Appendices include further documentation of the relevant SSHAC process and additional supporting technical documentation of numerous sensitivity analyses results. The PEER reports documenting component (1) of NGA-East are also considered “attachments” to the current report and are all available online on the PEER website (https://peer.berkeley.edu/). The final NGA-East GMC model includes a set of 17 GMMs defined for 24 ground-motion intensity measures, applicable to CENA in the moment magnitude range of 4.0 to 8.2 and covering distances up to 1500 km. Standard deviation models are also provided for site-specific analysis (single-station standard deviation) and for general PSHA applications (ergodic standard deviation). Adjustment factors are provided for consideration of source-depth effects and hanging-wall effects, as well as for hazard computations at sites in the Gulf Coast region.

4

Mojidra, Rushil, and Keri Ryan. Influence of Vertical Ground Motion on Bridges Isolated with Spherical Sliding Bearings. Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, December 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/rynq3624.

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The motivation for this project developed from testing of a full scale building isolated with triple friction pendulum bearings on the E-defense shake table in Japan. The test demonstrated experimentally that the vertical component of ground motion can amplify both the base shear and the story acceleration in the isolated building. Vertical shaking introduced high-frequency variation in the axial force of the bearings, and, consequently, a high-frequency component in the bearing lateral force, which excited higher structural modes in the building. Since vertical bridges are flexible in the vertical direction because of long spans, similar effects may be observed in bridges. The objectives of this study are to develop a physical understanding of the amplification of responses and develop a simplified method to predict amplification of base shear in three-dimensional (3D) shaking relative to two-dimensional (2D) shaking, for bridges isolated with spherical sliding bearings. A series of ground motions with a wide range of vertical shaking intensity were applied to 3D models of bridges isolated with triple pendulum bearings (TPBs), both excluding the vertical component (2D motion) and including the vertical component (3D motion). This enabled the comparison of the bridge response under 2D and 3D shaking such that the direct effect of vertical shaking could be investigated. The selected ground motions were fit to target spectra in the horizontal and vertical directions, and divided into three groups based on vertical peak ground acceleration (PGAV). Multi-span concrete box girder bridges were selected for this study, as they are a prominent bridge type in California, and are suitable for seismic isolation. Models were developed for a 3-span, 45-ft wide, multi-column Base Model bridge; various superstructure and isolation-system parameter variations were implemented to evaluate the effect of these variations on the amplification of base shear. Response histories were compared for a representative motion from each ground-motion group under 2D and 3D shaking. Modal and spectral analyses were conducted to understand dynamic properties and behavior of the bridge under vertical motion. Based on simplified theory, a method to estimate the amplification of base shear due to vertical shaking was developed. The accuracy of the simplified method was assessed through a base shear normalized error metric, and different amplification factors were considered. Response history analysis showed significant amplification of base shear under 3D motion implying that exclusion of vertical component could lead to under estimation of demand shear forces on bridge piers. Deck acceleration spectral response at different locations revealed that a transverse-vertical modal coupling response was present in the Base Model bridge, which led to amplification of deck accelerations in addition to base shear due to excitation of the superstructure transverse mode. The simplified method predicted that in addition to the peak vertical ground acceleration base shear amplification depended on the isolation-system period (radius of curvature) and friction coefficient. The error in the simplified method was approximately constant across the range of isolation-system parameters. Variations in the bridge superstructure or substructure modeling parameters had only a minor effect on the base shear since the deck acts as a single mass sliding on isolators; therefore, the simplified method can be applied to a range of bridge models. The simplified method includes an amplification factor that indirectly represents the dynamic amplification of vertical acceleration from the ground to the isolation system. An amplification factor of 1.0 was found to be sufficiently conservative to estimate the base shear due to 3D shaking. The lack of apparent dynamic amplification could mean that the peak vertical acceleration is out-of-phase with the base shear. The simplified method is more likely to be unconservative for high-intensity vertical ground motions due to the complexities associated with uplift and pounding. Further investigation is recommended to determine the threshold shaking intensity limit for the simplified method.

5

Furman, M., and A. Chao. Effect of long range beam-beam interaction on the stability of coherent dipole motion. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6750684.

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6

Leblanc, Samuel. The optimal range of motion for hypertrophy:<br>A review of the literature. ResearchHub Technologies, Inc., August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55277/researchhub.56zv24z4.

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7

Mazzoni, Silvia, Nicholas Gregor, Linda Al Atik, Yousef Bozorgnia, David Welch, and Gregory Deierlein. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis and Selecting and Scaling of Ground-Motion Records (PEER-CEA Project). Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley, CA, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.55461/zjdn7385.

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This report is one of a series of reports documenting the methods and findings of a multi-year, multi-disciplinary project coordinated by the Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center (PEER) and funded by the California Earthquake Authority (CEA). The overall project is titled “Quantifying the Performance of Retrofit of Cripple Walls and Sill Anchorage in Single-Family Wood-Frame Buildings,” henceforth referred to as the “PEER–CEA Project.” The overall objective of the PEER–CEA Project is to provide scientifically based information (e.g., testing, analysis, and resulting loss models) that measure and assess the effectiveness of seismic retrofit to reduce the risk of damage and associated losses (repair costs) of wood-frame houses with cripple wall and sill anchorage deficiencies as well as retrofitted conditions that address those deficiencies. Tasks that support and inform the loss-modeling effort are: (1) collecting and summarizing existing information and results of previous research on the performance of wood-frame houses; (2) identifying construction features to characterize alternative variants of wood-frame houses; (3) characterizing earthquake hazard and ground motions at representative sites in California; (4) developing cyclic loading protocols and conducting laboratory tests of cripple wall panels, wood-frame wall subassemblies, and sill anchorages to measure and document their response (strength and stiffness) under cyclic loading; and (5) the computer modeling, simulations, and the development of loss models as informed by a workshop with claims adjustors. This report is a product of Working Group 3 (WG3), Task 3.1: Selecting and Scaling Ground-motion records. The objective of Task 3.1 is to provide suites of ground motions to be used by other working groups (WGs), especially Working Group 5: Analytical Modeling (WG5) for Simulation Studies. The ground motions used in the numerical simulations are intended to represent seismic hazard at the building site. The seismic hazard is dependent on the location of the site relative to seismic sources, the characteristics of the seismic sources in the region and the local soil conditions at the site. To achieve a proper representation of hazard across the State of California, ten sites were selected, and a site-specific probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) was performed at each of these sites for both a soft soil (Vs30 = 270 m/sec) and a stiff soil (Vs30=760 m/sec). The PSHA used the UCERF3 seismic source model, which represents the latest seismic source model adopted by the USGS [2013] and NGA-West2 ground-motion models. The PSHA was carried out for structural periods ranging from 0.01 to 10 sec. At each site and soil class, the results from the PSHA—hazard curves, hazard deaggregation, and uniform-hazard spectra (UHS)—were extracted for a series of ten return periods, prescribed by WG5 and WG6, ranging from 15.5–2500 years. For each case (site, soil class, and return period), the UHS was used as the target spectrum for selection and modification of a suite of ground motions. Additionally, another set of target spectra based on “Conditional Spectra” (CS), which are more realistic than UHS, was developed [Baker and Lee 2018]. The Conditional Spectra are defined by the median (Conditional Mean Spectrum) and a period-dependent variance. A suite of at least 40 record pairs (horizontal) were selected and modified for each return period and target-spectrum type. Thus, for each ground-motion suite, 40 or more record pairs were selected using the deaggregation of the hazard, resulting in more than 200 record pairs per target-spectrum type at each site. The suites contained more than 40 records in case some were rejected by the modelers due to secondary characteristics; however, none were rejected, and the complete set was used. For the case of UHS as the target spectrum, the selected motions were modified (scaled) such that the average of the median spectrum (RotD50) [Boore 2010] of the ground-motion pairs follow the target spectrum closely within the period range of interest to the analysts. In communications with WG5 researchers, for ground-motion (time histories, or time series) selection and modification, a period range between 0.01–2.0 sec was selected for this specific application for the project. The duration metrics and pulse characteristics of the records were also used in the final selection of ground motions. The damping ratio for the PSHA and ground-motion target spectra was set to 5%, which is standard practice in engineering applications. For the cases where the CS was used as the target spectrum, the ground-motion suites were selected and scaled using a modified version of the conditional spectrum ground-motion selection tool (CS-GMS tool) developed by Baker and Lee [2018]. This tool selects and scales a suite of ground motions to meet both the median and the user-defined variability. This variability is defined by the relationship developed by Baker and Jayaram [2008]. The computation of CS requires a structural period for the conditional model. In collaboration with WG5 researchers, a conditioning period of 0.25 sec was selected as a representative of the fundamental mode of vibration of the buildings of interest in this study. Working Group 5 carried out a sensitivity analysis of using other conditioning periods, and the results and discussion of selection of conditioning period are reported in Section 4 of the WG5 PEER report entitled Technical Background Report for Structural Analysis and Performance Assessment. The WG3.1 report presents a summary of the selected sites, the seismic-source characterization model, and the ground-motion characterization model used in the PSHA, followed by selection and modification of suites of ground motions. The Record Sequence Number (RSN) and the associated scale factors are tabulated in the Appendices of this report, and the actual time-series files can be downloaded from the PEER Ground-motion database Portal (https://ngawest2.berkeley.edu/)(link is external).

8

Afonso, José, João Moscão, Tiago Rocha, Rodrigo Zacca, Alexandre Martins, André Milheiro, João Ferreira, Rodrigo Ramirez-Campillo, and Filipe Manuel Clemente. Effects of strength training vs. stretching protocols on range of motion: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.9.0098.

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9

Mizutani, Hoshito. Immediate and Short-Term Effects of Kinesio® Taping on Lower Trunk Range of Motion in Division I Athletes. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5268.

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10

Wang, Yufeng, Jiangchun Zhang, Tingting Pang, Chang Liu, Jiahui Li, and Junjie Yao. Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization for Increasing Range of Knee Motion: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, February 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.2.0123.

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