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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Railroad tracks Foundations"

1

Giannakopoulos, A. E. "Total Deformation, Plane-Strain Contact Analysis of Macroscopically Homogeneous, Compositionally Graded Materials With Constant Power-Law Strain Hardening." Journal of Applied Mechanics 64, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 853–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2788992.

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Plane-strain contact analysis is presented for compositionally graded materials with power-law strain hardening. The half-space, y≤0, is modeled as an incompressible, nonlinear elastic material. The effective stress, σe, and the effective total strain, εe, are related through a power-law model, σe=K0εeμ;0<μ≤min(1,(1+k)). The material property K0 changes with depth, |y|, as K0=A|y|k;A>0,0≤|k|<1. This material description attempts to capture some features of the plane-strain indentation of elastoplastic or steady-state creeping materials that show monotonically increasing or decreasing hardness with depth. The analysis starts with the solution for the normal line load (Flamant’s problem) and continues with the rigid, frictionless, flat-strip problem. Finally, the general solution of normal indentation of graded material by a convex, symmetric, rigid, and frictionless two-dimensional punch is given. Applications of the present results range from surface treatments of engineering structures, protective coatings for corrosion and fretting fatigue, settling of beam type foundations in the context of soil and rock mechanics, to bioengineering as well as structural applications such as contact of railroad tracks.
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2

Patil, S. P. "Natural Frequencies of a Railroad Track." Journal of Applied Mechanics 54, no. 2 (June 1, 1987): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3173011.

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The natural frequency of an infinite railroad track was first determined by Timoshenko as ωR = √k/m, where k is the constant for the massless Winkler foundation and m is the mass per unit length of the rail. The natural frequencies of the track are determined here by modeling the track as a beam resting on a 3-D inertial elastic layer. It is shown that the mass of the supporting foundation has a significant effect on the natural frequencies of a railroad track. Finally, the concept of “added mass” is introduced in order to determine the natural frequency in a desired mode of vibration, by modeling the track as a beam on the massless Winkler foundation and adding the mass of the foundation to the beam.
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3

Raymond, Gerald P. "Track and support rehabilitation for a mine company railroad." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 37, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 318–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t99-108.

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The initial support and tie foundation problems of a railroad track built in 1974 to carry axle loads 21% greater than presently (1998) permitted under interchange laws at a speed of 88 km/h are presented. Some of the concerns related to and affecting the final rehabilitation that resulted in a final satisfactory performance are documented. The foundation engineer's interest is directed to the ballast, the tie, and to a lesser extent the rail's behaviour. Cobble-sized (75-150 mm) river gravel was used as the source for the ballast in the rehabilitation. The ballast's satisfactory performance has permitted the establishment of guidelines for future use of this type source of material where suitable quarried rock is not available. The railroad's satisfactory performance after rehabilitation has proven that the design concepts involving 36 t (40 tons) axle loads operating on 60 kg/m (119 lb/yd) continuously welded rail, concrete ties, and ballast manufactured by crushing from a river aggregate were achievable.Key words: railway track, concrete ties, ballast aggregate, aggregate, crushed face, rail, 36 t (40 tons) axle loads.
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4

Indraratna, Buddhima, Yujie Qi, Trung Ngoc Ngo, Cholachat Rujikiatkamjorn, Tim Neville, Fernanda Bessa Ferreira, and Amir Shahkolahi. "Use of Geogrids and Recycled Rubber in Railroad Infrastructure for Enhanced Performance." Geosciences 9, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9010030.

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Анотація:
Railway tracks are conventionally built on compacted ballast and structural fill layers placed above the natural (subgrade) foundation. However, during train operations, track deteriorations occur progressively due to ballast degradation. The associated track deformation is usually accompanied by a reduction in both load bearing capacity and drainage, apart from imposing frequent track maintenance. Suitable ground improvement techniques involving plastic inclusions (e.g., geogrids) and energy absorbing materials (e.g., rubber products) to enhance the stability and longevity of tracks have become increasingly popular. This paper presents the outcomes from innovative research and development measures into the use of plastic and rubber elements in rail tracks undertaken at the University of Wollongong, Australia, over the past twenty years. The results obtained from laboratory tests, mathematical modelling and numerical modelling reveal that track performance can be improved significantly by using geogrid and energy absorbing rubber products (e.g., rubber crumbs, waste tire-cell and rubber mats). Test results show that the addition of rubber materials can efficiently improve the energy absorption of the structural layer and also reduce ballast breakage. Furthermore, by incorporating the work input parameters, the energy absorbing property of the newly developed synthetic capping layer is captured by correct modelling of dilatancy. In addition, the laboratory behavior of tire cells and geogrids has been validated by numerical modelling (i.e., Finite Element Modelling-FEM, Discrete Element—DEM), and a coupled DEM-FEM modelling approach is also introduced to simulate ballast deformation.
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5

Drake, James D. "A Divide to Heal the Union." Pacific Historical Review 84, no. 4 (November 1, 2015): 409–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2015.84.4.409.

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This article traces the process by which people in the United States embraced the Continental Divide as a geographic feature of North America in the late 1860s. Building on recent work in environmental history, Civil War memory, geography, and the history of nationalism, the essay explains how accurate mapping alone did not reveal the Continental Divide. Instead, the divide’s conceptualization also depended on Americans’ history of thinking about the Rockies as a political boundary, southern secession, and the building of the transcontinental railroad. Many Americans found in that railroad’s construction solace for a nation recovering from the Civil War, and they cast themselves as conquering nature to unite the nation. Railroad boosters and passengers consecrated the Continental Divide as a symbol of national unity and an icon of obstacles overcome. In a nation trying to overcome its sectional division between North and South, aspirations for reunification formed a foundation for emphasizing the continent’s most prominent feature that separates East and West.
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6

Strelkov, A., S. Teplykh, and N. Bukhman. "Liquid filtration properties in gravel foundation of railroad tracks." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 738 (August 2016): 012124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/738/1/012124.

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7

Li, Dingqing, and Ernest T. Selig. "Method for Railroad Track Foundation Design. I: Development." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 124, no. 4 (April 1998): 316–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(1998)124:4(316).

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8

Li, Dingqing, and Ernest T. Selig. "Method for Railroad Track Foundation Design. II: Applications." Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering 124, no. 4 (April 1998): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(1998)124:4(323).

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9

Shahu, J. T., Yudhbir, and N. S. V. Kameswara Rao. "A Rational Method for Design of Railroad Track Foundation." Soils and Foundations 40, no. 6 (December 2000): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3208/sandf.40.6_1.

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10

SAHOO, PARTASARATHI, and IPPILI SAIKRISHNAMACHARYULU. "INVESTIGATION ON THE STABILITY AND DYNAMIC RESPONSE OF SOIL FOUNDATION UNDER HEAVY HAUL RAILWAY TRACKS." YMER Digital 21, no. 06 (June 29, 2022): 1162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.06/b1.

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Анотація:
The roadbed is the most deformable and most heterogeneous segment of the railroad track foundation, which states the principal factor deciding the efficiency of the street, and the primary factor behind deterioration of path and its components, leading to the rise in the expense of current maintenance. Notwithstanding the expanding dynamic effect of trains on the railroad framework resulting from heavy haul transportation system, this issue turns out to be especially significant. In this paper, an examination is made of the issue of degradation and giving the strength to the track foundation with an increased axial load on the track, with a strict attention on examination of the excitation mechanisms of cyclic effects and the procedure of their damping by the soil environment. The principal kinds of deformations and defects are portrayed; the mechanisms and explanations behind their occurrence are studied in this paper. Much consideration is paid to the investigation of soil degradation procedures of the roadbed under the dynamic effect of heavy trains. Different components of the roadbed are taken into account, which require support for operation under substantial heavy traffic and huge axial loads. The advanced strategies and structures of strengthening the roadbed are portrayed, the utilization of which permits to build the proficiency of the heavy haul transportation. Taking everything into account, extensive research is carried out to address the issue of ensuring the stability of the roadbed in the association of heavy haul traffic.
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Книги з теми "Railroad tracks Foundations"

1

Kim, A. F. Zempolotno: Novye tekhnologii tekhnicheskogo obespechenii︠a︡. Novosibirsk: Izd-vo Sibirskogo gos. universiteta puteĭ soobshchenii︠a︡, 2002.

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2

Gao su tie lu lu ji gong cheng shi gong. Beijing: Zhongguo tie dao chu ban she, 2014.

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3

Gao su tie lu shi gong ji shu: Gui dao gong cheng fen ce. Beijing: Zhongguo tie dao chu ban she, 2013.

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4

Gao su tie lu shi gong ji shu: Lu ji gong cheng fen ce. Beijing: Zhongguo tie dao chu ban she, 2013.

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5

Gao su tie lu shi gong ji shu: Gong cheng shi yan yu jian ce fen ce. Beijing: Zhongguo tie dao chu ban she, 2013.

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6

Gao su tie lu shi gong ji shu: Gai lun fen ce. Beijing: Zhongguo tie dao chu ban she, 2013.

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7

Gao su tie lu shi gong ji shu: Shi gong ce liang fen ce. Beijing: Zhongguo tie dao chu ban she, 2013.

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8

Gao su tie lu shi gong ji shu: "Si dian" gong cheng fen ce. Beijing: Zhongguo tie dao chu ban she, 2013.

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9

Qing, Sanhui. Gao su tie lu shi gong ji shu: Sui dao gong cheng fen ce. Beijing: Zhongguo tie dao chu ban she, 2013.

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10

M, Waters John, ed. Track geotechnology and substructure management. London: T. Telford, 1994.

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Частини книг з теми "Railroad tracks Foundations"

1

Xiao, Yuanjie, Liuxin Chen, Kunye Zhou, and Erol Tutumluer. "Dynamic Response Modeling of High-Speed Railroad Ballastless Track Over Pile-Raft Foundation." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Transportation Geotechnics and Pavement Engineering, 207–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0011-0_23.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Railroad tracks Foundations"

1

Besjak, Charles, Bonghwan Kim, Alexandra Thewis, and Jing Zhuang. "35 Hudson Yards: Adapting to Urban Infrastructure with High Strength Concrete." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0095.

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<p>The urban context provides unique challenges and opportunities for engineering. In New York, large blocks of land previously dedicated to railyard functions are being reclaimed as new urban centers. 35 Hudson Yards is a 72-story mixed-use building located entirely over railroad tracks in midtown Manhattan. To construct the highest residential tower at Hudson Yards, innovative solutions using high strength concrete are required to manage load path and structural integrity challenges. The 308 meter (1,010 feet) high reinforced concrete structure coordinates core wall and column placement with the constraints imposed by the existing infrastructure below. “Tuning” of the concrete system adapt the tower structure to the capacities of the foundations and platform structure designed before the superstructure. Lower levels of the supertall also act as bridging elements, spanning across tracks to channel tower loads to limited lines of support. Despite its impressive height and the structural challenges of the site, 35 Hudson Yards is a robust, stiff structure, designed to resist strong winds from the Hudson River and constructed with an aggressive schedule, utilizing two day cycles for the residential levels. It is a quintessential New York achievement—a bold statement of architecture and engineering, overcoming constraints and maintaining non-stop operation of critical infrastructure.</p>
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2

Takami, Kuya, Saied Taheri, Mehdi Taheri, and Tomonari Furukawa. "Prediction of Railroad Track Foundation Defects Using Wavelets." In 2013 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2013-2456.

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Анотація:
This paper presents a novel technique that utilizes wavelet analysis to identify and predict the defects in railroad foundations and rails to prevent derailment or other damages. The proposed defect detection algorithm eliminates the use of wheel and/or track monitoring systems, which are expensive and time inefficient. The algorithm has been validated for the rail crack prediction using only vertical accelerometer signal which accurately detects impending rail breakage while distinguishing the signal generated by special track components such as rail joins and switches. Since the algorithm is flexible, further development can be tailored to detect significantly different rail defects such as track shift and other rail foundation defects. The algorithm is further improved by incorporating SIMPACK dynamic simulation to assist classification of the acceleration signatures. The actual data was then compared to simulation in order to validate the effectiveness of the algorithm.
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3

Chrismer, Steven M., David D. Davis, and Lamont Smith. "Design Methodology for Hot Mix Asphalt Underlayment With Crossing Diamonds." In 2009 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2009-63006.

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Анотація:
Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) pavements can be used to improve the performance of crossing diamonds and other high dynamic load track segments. HMA underlayments are one method of strengthening track foundations to improve track superstructure performance. Railroads are looking for standardized designs for HMA similar to what is available for ballast section, crossties and rail. Therefore the authors have developed a rational design method and recommended designs for Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) underlayments at crossing diamonds. A parametric analysis of typical subgrade conditions and mainline railroad loadings was conducted. These results have been compiled into an easy to use table of minimum HMA thickness vs. subgrade strength.
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4

Lin, Teng, Lirong Wang, and Lei Zuo. "Anchorless Design of Electromagnetic Vibration Energy Harvester for Railroad." In ASME 2015 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2015-9940.

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Анотація:
An electromagnetic energy harvester features anchorless mounting is designed and analyzed. It can harness electrical energy from railroad track deflections induced by passing trains. Anchorless mounting is designed to be easily installed on railroad sleepers without any change to the original foundation, it utilize a spring reset mechanism to capture track motion. This structure eliminates the need of anchoring on the railroad and further reduces any potential risk to change the railroad construction. An energy harvesting mechanism named mechanical motion rectifier (MMR) is created to overcome challenge in harnessing energy from the high pulse-like impact and to transform bidirectional linear vibration into unidirectional rotational motion at high efficiency. Dynamic modeling of MMR and harvester are developed to reveal the working principle and verify overall design. The harvester is targeting at powering major track-side accessories or to be used as back-up power source to enhance track operational safety.
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5

Chamorro, Rosario, and Jose´ L. Escalona. "Modelling a Flexible Track in Multibody Railroad Dynamic Simulations." In ASME 2009 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2009-87188.

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Анотація:
In this investigation a new formulation that can be used to model the track flexibility in railroad dynamic simulations is presented. In contrast to the regular frame of reference formulation used in flexible multibody dynamics, the proposed formulation introduces shape functions for the description of deformation which are defined in a trajectory frame of reference instead of in the body frame of reference. This trajectory frame of reference moves along the track with the same speed as the vehicle does. The selected moving shape functions are those that show a beam on Winkler foundation when a moving load is applied on it. The fact that these functions are not fixed with respect to the body frame introduces new terms for the description of the inertia forces that appear in the track. Results are obtained for an unsuspended wheelset moving on a tangent track for different stiffness foundation. Results are also compared with those obtained on a rigid track.
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6

Stark, Timothy D., Stephen T. Wilk, Hugh B. Thompson, Theodore R. Sussmann, Mark Baker, and Carlton L. Ho. "Evaluating Fouled Ballast Using Seismic Surface Waves." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5714.

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This paper presents the equipment and Spectral Analysis of Surface Wave (SASW) approach for non-invasively characterizing railroad track ballast and foundation layers. Surface wave testing on a railroad track is more complicated than that on soil sites or pavements because of the presence of ballast, crossties, and rails as well as the complexity of ballast-soil foundation structure in terms of the variation of shear-wave velocity with depth. Using portable SASW equipment, the Young’s Modulus of the ballast was calculated for both clean and fouled ballast in wet and dry conditions. In addition, the local modulus is determined at different locations under the tie, e.g. tie center or edge, to investigate modulus variation and tie support under a single tie. Expansion of the system to measure the modulus under two adjacent ties is also discussed and may be suitable for evaluating ballast performance under §213.103, which requires ballast to perform the following serviceability functions: (1) transmit and distribute the load of the track and railroad rolling equipment to the subgrade; (2) restrain the track laterally, longitudinally, and vertically under dynamic loads imposed by railroad rolling equipment and thermal stresses exerted by the rail; (3) provide adequate drainage for the track; and (4) maintain proper track crosslevel, surface, and alignment”.
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7

Jeong, David Y. "Analyses for Lateral Deflection of Railroad Track Under Quasi-Static Loading." In ASME 2013 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2013-4710.

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Анотація:
This paper describes analyses to examine the lateral deflection of railroad track subjected to quasi-static loading. Rails are assumed to behave as beams in bending. Movement of the track in the lateral plane is constrained by idealized resistance characteristics, while movement in the vertical plane is resisted by a continuous, linear and elastic foundation. These analyses are based on solving the ordinary differential equations for beam deflections. In certain cases, convenient mathematical expressions may be used to represent idealized lateral resistance characteristics and derive closed-form equations to relate lateral force as a function of track lateral deflection. However, in general, the idealized lateral resistance characteristic may be nonlinear, in which case numerical methods are required to examine the lateral load versus track lateral deflection behavior. In these general cases, a Fourier series technique is used to solve the governing equations numerically. The analysis of track lateral deflection subjected to quasi-static loads may be applied to examine track shift. For example, lateral resistance of track may be measured using Track Lateral Pull Tests (TLPT). The Fourier method is also used to examine the relationship between lateral and vertical wheel loads and track lateral shift.
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8

Talamini, Brandon, David Y. Jeong, and Jeff Gordon. "Estimation of the Fatigue Life of Railroad Joint Bars." In ASME/IEEE 2007 Joint Rail Conference and Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc/ice2007-40065.

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Анотація:
This paper investigates the influence of physical track conditions in the vicinity of a rail joint on the fatigue life of the joint bars. Recent derailments due to broken joint bars, such as the Minot, ND accident in January 2002, have highlighted the need for better understanding of the effects of joint conditions on premature joint bar failure. Fatigue life estimates can be used to guide the selection of inspection intervals for joint bars in service. Engineering approximations are used to infer the dynamic load factor at a rail joint due to joint characteristics including: • rail end gap; • joint efficiency (looseness); • track stiffness (vertical foundation modulus). A three-dimensional finite element analysis of a rail joint is conducted and the dynamic load is applied to develop an estimate of the live (bending) stresses at the joint due to passing wheels. These stresses are then used to estimate the fatigue life of the joint bars. The methodology is demonstrated for 132RE rail with companion joint bars. The effect of thermal expansion (or the temperature difference below the rail neutral temperature) is investigated. Typical wheel loads and railcar speeds are considered and results are presented for a baseline a joint condition.
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9

Lin, Teng, Yu Pan, and Lei Zuo. "Dynamics Modeling of Train-Track-Harvester System and In-Field Testing of Railroad Energy Harvester." In ASME 2016 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2016-9723.

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Анотація:
An electromagnetic energy harvester for railroad application featuring anchorless mounting is presented along with system modeling and in-field testing results. The spring-reset mechanism allows harvester to be installed on any railroad sleepers without any change to the existing ballast and foundation. A railway train-track-harvester model is established for design validation and risk assessment. Within harvester, train-pass induced track vibration is translated to rotation and then conditioned thru mechanical motion rectifier mechanism for generator to operate in one direction with a relatively steady speed. Particularly, in-field test demonstrates that harvester can harness electric at an average power of 6.9 Watts and a peak power of 60 Watts when test cargo train running at 40 mph (64 km/h). Dynamic modeling of the vehicle-rail system are also developed to estimate the displacement of the sleeper under various train weight and speed. Simulation result based on typical train parameters are provided and compared with infield test result.
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10

Mishra, Debakanta, Huseyin Boler, Erol Tutumluer, and James P. Hyslip. "Effectiveness of Chemical Grouting and Stone Blowing as Remedial Measures to Mitigate Differential Movement at Railroad Track Transitions." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5805.

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Анотація:
Railway transitions like bridge approaches experience differential movements related to differences in track system stiffness, track damping characteristics, foundation type, ballast settlement from fouling and/or degradation, as well as fill and subgrade settlement. A recent research study at the University of Illinois has used advanced geotechnical instrumentation to identify and quantify different factors contributing to recurrent differential movement problems at three different bridge approaches along Amtrak’s Northeast Corridor (NEC) near Chester, Pennsylvania. Field instrumentation data have indicated excessive ballast movement to be the primary factor contributing to the “bump” development at these bridge approaches. Among the different remedial measures applied to mitigate the recurrent track geometry issues were: (1) Chemical Grouting, (2) Stone Blowing, and (3) Under-Tie Pads. This paper will discuss the implementation methods using track geometry records and instrumentation data, and highlight the effectiveness of chemical grouting and stone blowing to mitigate the differential movement problem at railroad bridge approaches. According to the trends in the transient ballast deformation data collected under train loading, both remedial measures were effective in significantly reducing excessive ballast deformation, which was the primary mechanism behind the bump development at these locations. Ballast degradation and presence of excessive fine particles in the ballast layer adversely affected the ability of the grout to bond with aggregate particles. A “clean” ballast layer, on the other hand, facilitated adequate bonding between the grout and ballast particles leading to significantly improved long-term track performance.
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