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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Qualityof hydrodynamics"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022
Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Qualityof hydrodynamics"

1

Huang, Mutao, and Yong Tian. "An Integrated Graphic Modeling System for Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Simulation in Lakes." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 1 (January 9, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8010018.

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Анотація:
Understanding the complex hydrodynamics and transport processes are of primary importance to alleviate and control the eutrophication problem in lakes. Numerical models are used to simulate these processes. However, it is often difficult to perform such a numerical modeling simulation for common users. This study presented an integrated graphic modeling system designed for three-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality simulation in lakes. The system, called the Lake Modeling System (LMS), provides necessary functionalities streamlined for hydrodynamic modeling. The LMS provides a geographic information system (GIS)-based data processing framework to establish a model and provides capabilities for displaying model input and output information. The LMS also provides mapping and visualization tools to support the model development process. All of these features in a GIS-based framework makes the task of complex hydrodynamic and water quality modeling easier. The applicability of the LMS is demonstrated by a case study in Lake Donghu, which is a large urban lake in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in China. The LMS was utilized to setup and calibrate a model for Lake Donghu. Then the model was used to study the effects of a water diversion project on the change in hydrodynamics and the water quality.
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2

Liu, Bojun, Jun Xia, Libin Yang, Changyong Cui, Linwei Wang, and Tiansheng Li. "Improved dynamic simulation technique for hydrodynamics and water quality of river-connected lakes." Water Supply 20, no. 8 (June 15, 2020): 3752–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2020.125.

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Abstract In this study, a two-dimensional hydrodynamic water-quality model is proposed for river-connected lakes in an effort to improve calibration accuracy and reduce computational burden. To achieve this, the sensitivity of parameters involved in the hydrodynamic model is analyzed using stepwise rank regression and Latin hypercube sampling (LHS), and the roughness coefficient, wind drag coefficient and wind resistance coefficient are identified as the most important parameters affecting the hydrodynamics of the Hongze Lake. Then, the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is used to assimilate observations to the proposed hydrodynamic and water quality model. It is found that assimilation of both state variables and model parameters results in a significant improvement of the simulation of the water level, flow velocity and pollutant concentration in the Hongze Lake.
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3

Cunha, Cynara De Lourdes da Nobrega, Gabriela Pacheco Corrêa, and Paulo Cesar Colonna Rosman. "A coupled model of hydrodynamics circulation and water quality applied to the Rio Verde reservoir, Brazil." Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 13, no. 6 (October 31, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2244.

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Анотація:
This work applied the coupled horizontal two-dimensional hydrodynamic circulation model (2DH) and the vertically integrated water quality model for non-conservative and passive scalars to the Rio Verde reservoir in the state of Paraná, Brazil, to simulate flow, temperature and water quality parameters. The water quality model uses the same spatial grid applied for the hydrodynamics model. Flow velocities and turbulence coefficients previously defined in the hydrodynamics model can be used directly in the water quality model. Modeling results were compared to field data for a period of 308 days, from February 27th 2010 and December 31th 2010. Field data included water and air temperature, wind, relative humidity, radiation, discharges and concentration values of some substances in the tributaries of the reservoir. The results indicated that hydrodynamic circulation and, consequently, horizontal transport, are strongly dependent on the wind. Inflows/outflows generated a localized circulation. The results for the temperature and dissolved oxygen concentration were compared with field measures and a satisfactory consistency was achieved. Despite the errors associated with boundary conditions, the models demonstrated their potential to adequately simulate the data set collected from the reservoir.
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4

Vijay, R., P. J. Khobragade, and R. A. Sohony. "Water quality simulation of sewage impacts on the west coast of Mumbai, India." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 2 (July 1, 2010): 279–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.237.

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Анотація:
Most coastal cities use the ocean as a site of waste disposal where pollutant loading degrades the quality of coastal waters. Presently, the west coast of Mumbai receives partially treated effluent from wastewater treatment facilities through ocean outfalls and discharges into creeks as well as wastewater/sewage from various open drains and nallahs which affect the water quality of creek and coastal water. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to simulate and assess the hydrodynamic behaviour and water quality due to impact of sewage and wastewater discharges from the west coast of Mumbai. Hydrodynamics and water quality were simulated based on present conditions and validated by using measured tide, current data and observed DO, BOD and FC. Observed and simulated results indicated non compliance to standards in Malad, Mahim creeks and the impact zones of ocean outfalls. The developed model could be used for generating various conditions of hydrodynamics and water quality considering the improvement in wastewater collection systems, treatment levels and proper disposal for proper planning and management of creeks and coastal environment.
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Lindenschmidt, Karl-Erich, Jan Rauberg, and Fred B. Hesser. "Extending Uncertainty Analysis of a Hydrodynamic-Water Quality Modelling System using High Level Architecture (HLA)." Water Quality Research Journal 40, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.2005.005.

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Abstract This paper illustrates the coupling of water quality model components in High Level Architecture (HLA), a computer architecture for constructing distributed simulations. HLA facilitates interoperability among different simulations and simulation types and promotes reuse of simulation software modules. It was originally developed for military applications but the platform is finding increasing applicability for civilian purposes. The models from the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP5) were implemented in HLA to extend its Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis capabilities. The models include DYNHYD (hydrodynamics), EUTRO (phytoplankton and nutrient dynamics) and TOXI (sediment and micropollutant transport). The uncertainty analysis investigated the impact of errors in the hydrodynamic parameters (weir discharge and roughness coefficients) and boundary conditions (upstream and tributary discharge) on the uncertainty in the water quality output variables. It was found that the contribution of the hydrodynamic parameter error to the water quality output uncertainty is comparable to that obtained from the error in the water quality parameters. The error in the boundary condition input data is also an important contributor to model uncertainty.
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6

Gao, Xueping, Shiyao Zhang, Bowen Sun, Na Li, Yongpeng Liu, and Yan Wang. "Assessing the Effects of Restoration Measures on Water Quality in a Large Shallow Reservoir." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (September 27, 2019): 5347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195347.

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Анотація:
Large shallow reservoirs control flooding, supply water, and protect the ecological environment, which are vital functions for societal development. As the largest artificial plain reservoir in China, Suyahu Reservoir is suffering from significant sedimentation and water quality deterioration in recent years. A three-dimensional (3-D) hydrodynamic and water quality model was developed based on the Environmental Fluid Dynamic Code (EFDC). The model was applied to seven scenarios for evaluating the response of in-reservoir hydrodynamics and water quality to the restoration measures, including expansion and sediment dredging project, external load reduction, and inflow regulation. The results show that: (1) the expansion and sediment dredging project has no notable improvement on the water quality of the reservoir; (2) the external load reduction can significantly improve the water quality of the reservoir; and (3) the optimal inflow condition occurred when the flows of Ru River’s two inlets were evenly distributed, and the hydrodynamics and water quality were best improved. Moreover, the increasing water exchange rate could not cause the same water quality improvement, showing that it may be unreliable to evaluate the effects of restoration measures using a single indicator. This study can provide useful information for developing and implementing effective restoration measures in large shallow reservoirs.
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7

Beven, Keith. "Hydrodynamics and Water Quality." Journal of Environmental Quality 37, no. 5 (September 2008): 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jeq2008.0011br.

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Rojano, Fernando, David Huber, Ifeoma Ugwuanyi, Vadesse Noundou, Andrielle Kemajou-Tchamba, and Jesus Chavarria-Palma. "Net Ecosystem Production of a River Relying on Hydrology, Hydrodynamics and Water Quality Monitoring Stations." Water 12, no. 3 (March 12, 2020): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030783.

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Анотація:
Flow and water quality of rivers are highly dynamic. Water quantity and quality are subjected to simultaneous physical, chemical and biological processes making it difficult to accurately assess lotic ecosystems. Our study investigated net ecosystem production (NEP) relying on high-frequency data of hydrology, hydrodynamics and water quality. The Kanawha River, West Virginia was investigated along 52.8 km to estimate NEP. Water quality data were collected along the river using three distributed multiprobe sondes that measured water temperature, dissolved oxygen, dissolved oxygen saturation, specific conductance, turbidity and ORP hourly for 71 days. Flows along the river were predicted by means of the hydrologic and hydrodynamic models in Hydrologic Simulation Program in Fortran (HSPF). It was found that urban local inflows were correlated with NEP. However, under hypoxic conditions, local inflows were correlated with specific conductance. Thus, our approach represents an effort for the systematic integration of data derived from models and field measurements with the aim of providing an improved assessment of lotic ecosystems.
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9

Farahmandpour, Omolbanin, Abdul Kadir Marsono, Parham Forouzani, Masine Md. Tap, and Suhaimi Abu Bakar. "Experimental simulation of tsunami surge and its interaction with coastal structure." International Journal of Protective Structures 11, no. 2 (September 16, 2019): 258–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041419619874082.

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Анотація:
Following the tsunamis occurred in Japan (2011) and Indian Ocean (2004), investigating interaction between coastal structures and tsunamis became necessary. Although several attempts have been made to estimate the tsunami forces acting on the coastal structures, there still remain inconsistencies among the published design guidelines. This research includes an experimental study to investigate the interaction between a tsunami surge and a coastal structure. The tsunami surge was generated using a novel dam-break system, capable of generating higher tsunami surges than the previous simulations. The relations between surge velocity, surge depth, and surge-induced pressure on the structure were presented. In the surge-induced pressure–time histories, there were three identified force components, namely, run-up, impulsive and quasi-steady hydrodynamics. Furthermore, this research presents a comparison made between the experimental results and existing tsunami guidelines. The ratio of impulsive force to hydrodynamic force was found around 2.4 for each tsunami surge. The hydrodynamic forces were found to be higher with respect to those determined using the ‘Federal Emergency Management Agency’ FEMA P646 guidelines, whereas they were approximately in agreement with those obtained by FEMA 55. Moreover, the results showed that the ‘Structural Design Method of Building for Tsunami Resistance’ overestimates the impulsive force.
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Ueta, Shoji, Natsuki Hosono, Ryusuke Kuroki, and Yosuke Yamashiki. "Numerical Simulation Study of Debris Particles Movement Characteristics by Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics." Journal of Disaster Research 17, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2022.p0237.

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Анотація:
Debris flow is an important natural hazard in mountain zone because it can threaten human lives with very little warning. Since laboratory experiments on debris flows at real scale are difficult to perform, numerical simulations are important in evaluating the impact of such flows. Among several candidate models, the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) is a particular attractive numerical method for this purpose. SPH is a particle-based numerical hydrodynamic method originally developed in the astrophysical field before extension to elastic bodies. Several works have already tested the applicability of SPH to debris flow, despite there are only few detailed validations. In this report, thus, we aimed to check the applicability of SPH to debris flows. Since the accurate treatment of the elastic bodies tends to be computationally expensive, we have developed a massively parallel SPH code. A comparison between laboratory experiments and numerical simulations using SPH showed qualitatively similar features, though there are differences in quantitive comparisons.
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Дисертації з теми "Qualityof hydrodynamics"

1

Денисенко, Владислав Русланович. "Гідродинаміка неоднорідного псевдозрідження". Master's thesis, Київ, 2019. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/27646.

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Анотація:
Об’єкт дослідження: гідродинаміка при пульсаційному псевдозрідженні. Предмет дослідження: якісні характеристики гідродинаміки неоднорідного псевдозрідження при грануляції. Метою роботи є встановлення закономірностей процесу неоднорідного струменево-пульсаційного псевдозрідження в автоколивальному режимі при підвищених висотах шару зернистого матеріалу та розроблення методики розрахунку промислових апаратів для грануляції. Сформульовано принцип взаємодії газового суцільного середовища із зернистим матеріалом для реалізації струменево-пульсаційного режиму псевдозрідження при Zf/H₀≤0,21. Експериментально визначено порозності в зонах камери гранулятора при неоднорідному псевдозрідженні в автоколивальному режимі при п’ятикратному перевищенню висоти нерухомого шару H₀ висоти пробою газового струменя Zf. Експериментально досліджено вплив висоти зернистого матеріалу на динаміку зміни порозності та індекс перемішування в базових зонах апарату. Підтверджено дослідженнями, що процес грануляції при застосуванні неоднорідного струменево-пульсаційного псевдозрідження за підвищених висот шару зернистого матеріалу призводить до інтенсифікації тепломасообмінних процесів в 1,6 рази в порівнянні із барботажним.
The object of the research: the hydrodynamics during the pulsation fluidization. The subject of the research: quality characteristics of hydrodynamics of nonuniform fluidization during the granulation process. The aim of the work is establishment of the regularities of the process of non-uniform fluidization in the application of pulsation in self-oscillating mode at elevated height of a layer of granular material and development of methods of calculation of industrial machines. Formulated the principle of interaction of a gas continuous medium with a granular material for the realization of jet pulsation mode of fluidization in Zf/H₀≤0,21. Experimentally determined voids in the areas of camera granulator in self-oscillating mode of fluidization when a fivefold excess of the height of the fixed bed height H₀ of the breakdown of the gas jet Zf. Experimentally investigated the influence of the height of granular material at the dynamics of void and the index of mixing in the core zones of the apparatus. The study proves that the granulation process in the application of a nonuniform jet-pulsed fluidization at elevated heights of a layer of granular material leads to intensification of heat and mass transfer processes in 1,6 times in comparison with barbotine.
Объект исследования: гидродинамика при пульсационном псевдоожижении. Предмет исследования: качественные характеристики гидродинамики неоднородного псевдоожижения при грануляции. Целью работы является установление закономерностей процесса неоднородного струйно-пульсационного псевдоожижения в автоколебательном режиме при повышенных высотах слоя зернистого материала и разработка методики расчета промышленных аппаратов для грануляции. Сформулирован принцип взаимодействия газовой сплошной среды с зернистым материалом для реализации струйно-пульсационного режима псевдоожижения при Zf/H₀≤0,21. Экспериментально определено порозности в зонах камеры гранулятора при неоднородном псевдоожижении в автоколебательном режиме при пятикратном превышению высоты неподвижного слоя H₀ высоты пробоя газового факела Zf. Экспериментально исследовано влияние высоты зернистого материала на динамику изменения порозности и индекс перемешивания в базовых зонах аппарата. Подтверждено исследованиями, что процесс грануляции при применении неоднородного струйно-пульсационного псевдоожижения при повышенных высотах слоя зернистого материала приводит к интенсификации тепломассообменных процессов в 1,6 раза в сравнении с барботажним.
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2

Holmvall, Martin. "Nip Mechanics, Hydrodynamics and Print Quality in Flexo Post-Printing." Doctoral thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för naturvetenskap, teknik och matematik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-11347.

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3

Chen, Yiping. "Numerical modelling of solute transport processes using higher order accurate finite difference schemes : numerical treatment of flooding and drying in tidal flow simulations and higher order accurate finite difference modelling of the advection diffusion equation for solute transport predictions." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4344.

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Анотація:
The modelling of the processes of advection and dispersion-diffusion is the most crucial factor in solute transport simulations. It is generally appreciated that the first order upwind difference scheme gives rise to excessive numerical diffusion, whereas the conventional second order central difference scheme exhibits severe oscillations for advection dominated transport, especially in regions of high solute gradients or discontinuities. Higher order schemes have therefore become increasingly used for improved accuracy and for reducing grid scale oscillations. Two such schemes are the QUICK (Quadratic Upwind Interpolation for Convective Kinematics) and TOASOD (Third Order Advection Second Order Diffusion) schemes, which are similar in formulation but different in accuracy, with the two schemes being second and third order accurate in space respectively for finite difference models. These two schemes can be written in various finite difference forms for transient solute transport models, with the different representations having different numerical properties and computational efficiencies. Although these two schemes are advectively (or convectively) stable, it has been shown that the originally proposed explicit QUICK and TOASOD schemes become numerically unstable for the case of pure advection. The stability constraints have been established for each scheme representation based upon the von Neumann stability analysis. All the derived schemes have been tested for various initial solute distributions and for a number of continuous discharge cases, with both constant and time varying velocity fields. The 1-D QUICKEST (QUICK with Estimated Streaming Term) scheme is third order accurate both in time and space. It has been shown analytically and numerically that a previously derived quasi 2-D explicit QUICKEST scheme, with a reduced accuracy in time, is unstable for the case of pure advection. The modified 2-D explicit QUICKEST, ADI-TOASOD and ADI-QUICK schemes have been developed herein and proved to be numerically stable, with the bility sta- region of each derived 2-D scheme having also been established. All these derived 2-D schemesh ave been tested in a 2-D domain for various initial solute distributions with both uniform and rotational flow fields. They were further tested for a number of 2-D continuous discharge cases, with the corresponding exact solutions having also been derived herein. All the numerical tests in both the 1-D and 2-D cases were compared with the corresponding exact solutions and the results obtained using various other difference schemes, with the higher order schemes generally producing more accurate predictions, except for the characteristic based schemes which failed to conserve mass for the 2-D rotational flow tests. The ADI-TOASOD scheme has also been applied to two water quality studies in the U. K., simulating nitrate and faecal coliform distributions respectively, with the results showing a marked improvement in comparison with the results obtained by the second order central difference scheme. Details are also given of a refined numerical representation of flooding and drying of tidal flood plains for hydrodynamic modelling, with the results showing considerable improvements in comparison with a number of existing models and in good agreement with the field measured data in a natural harbour study.
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4

Goodhue, Nigel David. "Hydrodynamic and water quality modelling of the lower Kaituna River and Maketu Estuary /." The University of Waikato, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2375.

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Анотація:
The Maketu Estuary is a shallow intertidal estuary (2.3 km2) located in the Bay of Plenty, North Island, New Zealand. The Kaituna River contributes the largest freshwater flow into the estuary through control gates. Lake Rotoiti and indirectly Lake Rotorua supply the base flow to the Kaituna River, with tributaries along the 50 km reach also significantly contributing to the flow. Water quality within the river is affected by elevated nutrients, faecal coliforms, high oxygen demand and algae concentrations derived from the lakes as well as contributions from tributaries and industrial and urban discharge. Through the use of a coupled hydrodynamic-biogeochemical numerical model ELCOM-CAEDYM, this study aims to examine the nutrient, phytoplankton and hydrodynamics of the Maketu Estuary and lower Kaituna River. Water quality and hydrodynamic measurements were sourced from Environment Bay of Plenty's data archives as well as a number of instrument deployments to collect water velocity, tidal elevation and salinity and temperature measurements during the course of this study. Included in the field work was a survey of the lower river and estuary bathymetry. Model simulations predicted that the maximum residence time in the Maketu Estuary is 1.5 days, occurring in the inner western region. Residence time in the lower river (mouth to 8.5 km upstream) is in the order of hours although some variations were predicted near the river mouth. Growth rates of four phytoplankton groups where assessed over a 15 day period in January 2004. In the Kaituna River ELCOM-CAEDYM predicted that the community growth rates were small with the exception of a slight increase in biomass of the two freshwater groups in a semi-detached river bend. The increase in the loop was correlated with an increase of residence time. In the estuary, marine diatoms showed the highest growth rates in the western region which is expected to relate to retention time and available nutrients. Dinoflagellates showed the smallest variation in predicted growth rates, most likely due to their broad salinity tolerance. The two freshwater species showed a reduction in abundance when mixed with marine water. A principle limiting factor to phytoplankton growth in both the river and estuary is the low residence time. A number of scenarios were simulated in the river and estuary by altering the forcing conditions in the model. A simulation of the increased nutrient load associated with the Rotoiti diversion wall revealed that phytoplankton growth in the river and estuary will not be significantly affected. Because of the close proximity of the control gates to the river mouth, a proportion of water drawn through the structure can be marine. By opening the old river channel, model simulations predicted that a reduction in salinity would be possible, however the outcome of complete freshwater is probably not achievable. Increasing the discharge volume from the river into the estuary was also simulated. The results indicated that increasing the freshwater inflow at Fords Cut would reduce the salinity in the estuary while increasing the net (residual) flow towards the estuary mouth. Increasing the flow would also result in a greater range of salinity in regions of the estuary. Changing the inflow location to the historic Papahikahawai Channel also affected the salinity in the estuary. The most significant effect of an inflow at this location was a reduction of the residual currents in the western region of the estuary.
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5

Shojaei, Nasim. "Automatic Calibration of Water Quality and Hydrodynamic Model (CE-QUAL-W2)." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1942.

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Анотація:
One of the most important purposes of surface water resource management is to develop predictive models to assist in identifying and evaluating operational and structural measures for improving water quality. To better understand the effects of external and internal nutrient and organic loading and the effects of reservoir operation, a model is often developed, calibrated, and used for sensitivity and management simulations. The importance of modeling and simulation in the scientific community has drawn interest towards methods for automated calibration. This study addresses using an automatic technique to calibrate the water quality model CE-QUAL-W2 (Cole and Wells, 2013). CE-QUAL-W2 is a two-dimensional (2D) longitudinal/vertical hydrodynamic and water quality model for surface water bodies, modeling eutrophication processes such as temperature-nutrient-algae-dissolved oxygen-organic matter and sediment relationships. The numerical method used for calibration in this study is the particle swarm optimization method developed by Kennedy and Eberhart (1995) and inspired by the paradigm of birds flocking. The objective of this calibration procedure is to choose model parameters and coefficients affecting temperature, chlorophyll a, dissolved oxygen, and nutrients (such as NH4, NO3, and PO4). A case study is presented for the Karkheh Reservoir in Iran with a capacity of more than 5 billion cubic meters that is the largest dam in Iran with both agricultural and drinking water usages. This algorithm is shown to perform very well for determining model parameters for the reservoir water quality and hydrodynamic model. Implications of the use of this procedure for other water quality models are also shown.
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Tang, Ling 1963. "Interfacing hydrodynamic and water quality models with the Eulerian-Lagrangian method." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/9637.

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Анотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1998.
Includes bibliographical references.
The problem of interfacing hydrodynamic and water quality models is investigated with emphasis on modeling efficiency, accuracy and flexibility. An Eulerian-Lagrangian type of transport model is proposed for interfacing due to its superior simulation effi­ciency and numerical resolution in advection dominant flows. Comparisons are made between Eulerian models and Eulerian-Lagrangian models through both theoretical analyses and numerical studies of mass conservation and concentration accuracy. A mass conservative model, such as an Eulerian type model, will not necessarily guar­antee concentration accuracy. As part of this research, a three dimensional Eulerian­Lagrangian transport model (ELM3D) is developed and validated. The interfacing efficiency of ELM3D is demonstrated through a series of numerical tracer studies simulating the future outfall in Massachusetts Bay. Comparison against a tradi­tional Eulerian model, ECOMsi, shows that an Eulerian-Lagrangian interfacing with a proper mass correction technique, such as total mass scaling, can serve as an efficient transport tool, which is more robust than conventional Eulerian Models in dealing with advection dominant flows.
by Ling Tang.
Ph.D.
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7

Hashim, Noor Baharim. "Watershed, hydrodynamic, and water quality models for total maximum daily load St. Louis Bay watershed Mississippi." Diss., Mississippi State : Mississippi State University, 2001. http://library.msstate.edu/etd/show.asp?etd=etd-04102001-154624.

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Nitsche, N. C. "Assessment of a hydrodynamic water quality model, DUFLOW, for a winter rainfall river." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/51624.

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Thesis (MEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2000.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The Berg River is one of the largest rivers in the winter rainfall area of the Western Cape and is one of the most important water supply sources of the area. The Riviersonderend-Berg system needs to be expanded in order to meet increasing water demands of the Greater Cape Town (GCT) region. The implementation of future schemes will remove additional fresh water from the Berg River main stem, which will give rise to increased nutrient levels and higher salinity in the water. A water quality information system (WQIS) has been proposed to benefit the management of water resources, the flow quantity and the quality of the water. A part of this WQIS will be a water-quality simulation model that characterizes the water quality situation and is able to predict water quality responses to future implementations, as well as simulate different scenarios that can be used for management purposes. The objective of this study is to represent the water quality situation of the Berg River in a simulation model by implementing, testing and verifying a water quality simulation model, and assembling a hydraulic and water quality database suitable to meet foregoing objectives. This study firstly examined the water quality variables of concern: pH, Total Dissolved Salts (TDS) and phosphates to develop an understanding of the water quality responses and causes of the main stem of the Berg River system. A thorough review of the available models has been undertaken in the light of certain selection criteria, before determining that DUFLOW would be an acceptable model for this study. The water quality variables that have been modelled are TDS, Phosphates as P04, Oxygen and Temperature. As no predefined module simulating temperature, TDS and COD was included; these algorithms, describing the processes of these water quality variables have been additionally coded. The coding was possible, as DUFLOW' s water quality module consists of an open structure. The predefined water quality module was simplified to only include the water quality process algorithms, for water quality variables where data was available. Unfortunately, phosphates were mainly simulated on advection, and the influence of all the additional processes could not be assessed. All data gathering and preparation for the model had to be completed before commencing the model configuration. This included information on cross-sections, historical flow records, bridges and weirs for the hydraulic component ofDUFLOW. For the water quality module, information on historical grab samples has been obtained and 'infilled' to provide daily time series. To simulate the water quality in a river as accurately as possible, the flow simulation needs to be accurate. Ungauged subcatchment runoff was added to the simulation model to improve the correspondence between the simulated and the measured flow. Calibration of the water quality part of DUFLOW was completed by adjusting the different parameters after a sensitivity analysis. The model was verified by using a different time period than for the configuration, to ensure that an independent data set has been used. After configuring, calibrating and verifying the model, the applicability of the model could be tested for different scenario runs. Three scenarios were chosen according to real situations: • a short term effluent spill, with and without water releases from an upstream source (either Skuifraam Dam or Voëlvlei Dam); • the impact on the flow and water quality situation of the river when an upstream dam is built; • a long term management control scenario, that analyses load or concentration releases into the river according to limitations upstream and downstream of the discharge location. The scenario analysis provides an opportunity to assess the applicability of DUFLOW to simulate real time management and operational issues in a river and to aid in management decisions.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Bergrivier is een van die grootste riviere in die winterreënvalgebied van die Weskaap en is een van die mees belangrike waterverskaffingsbronne in die area. Die Riviersonderend-Bergrivier-stelsel moet uitgebrei word om aan die groeiende waterbehoefte van die groter Kaapse Metropolitaanse Area te voldoen. Die implementering van toekomstige skemas sal addisionele vars water uit die hoof-loop van die Bergrivier onttrek, wat tot hoër voedingstof-vlakke en soutgehalte in die water sal lei. 'n Waterkwaliteitsinformasiestelsel (WQIS) sal van nut wees om die vloei-omvang en waterkwaliteit van waterbronne te bestuur. 'n Deel van die WQIS sal 'n waterkwaliteit-simulasiemodel wees, wat die waterkwaliteitsituasie sal kan ontleed, waterkwaliteit-reaksies op toekomstige implementerings kan voorspel, asook verskeie scenarios vir bestuursdoeleindes kan simuleer. Hierdie studie behandel spesifiek die waterkwaliteitsveranderlikes pH, totale opgeloste soute, fosfate, temperatuur en suurstof om 'n begrip te ontwikkel van die waterkwaliteitsreaksies en oorsake van die hoofloop van die Bergriviersisteem. Die doelwit van hierdie studie is om die waterkwaliteitsituasie van die Bergrivier uit te beeld deur die implementering, toets en kalibrasie van 'n waterkwaliteit-simulasie model, asook die insameling van hidrouliese- en waterkwaliteitsdata om aan bogenoemde doelwitte te voldoen. 'n Reeks beskikbare modelle is deeglik ondersoek voordat besluit is dat die DUFLOW model 'n gepaste model vir hierdie spesifieke studie is. Die keuse was gebaseer op spesifieke vereistes wat as belangrik beskou is deur potensiële bestuursgeorienteerde gebruiksgroepe. Die waterkwaliteitsveranderlikes wat gemodelleer is, is totale opgeloste soute, fosfate as P04, suurstof en temperatuur. Omdat geen voorgegewe temperatuur-, TDS- en COD modules in die model ingesluit is nie, is die algoritmes wat die prosesse van hierdie waterkwaliteitsveranderlikes beskryf, addisioneel gekodeer. Die kodering is moontlik gemaak deur die oop struktuur van DUFLOW se waterkwaliteitsmodule. Die voorgegewe waterkwaliteitsmodule is vereenvoudig om alleenlik die waterkwaliteit proses-algoritmes in ag te neem wanneer data vir waterkwaliteitsveranderlikes beskikbaar was. Ongelukkig is die fosfate hoofsaaklik op beweging gesimuleer, en die invloed van alle addisionele prosesse kon nie getoets word nie. Alle data-insameling en -voorbereidings vir die model moes voltooi word, voordat begin kon word met die opstel van die simulasie-model. Dit het inligting oor dwarssnitte, historiese vloeirekords, brik en keerwalle vir die hidrouliese komponent van DUFLOW ingesluit. Vir die waterkwaliteitsmodule is inligting van historiese bemonstering verkry en ingevulom 'n daaglikse tydreeks te verkry. Om die water-kwaliteit van 'n rivier so akkuraat as moontlik te simuleer, moet die vloei-simulasie redelik akkuraat wees. Ongemete sub-opvanggebied afloop is bygetel om die korrelasie tussen die gesimuleerde en gemete vloei te verbeter. Kalibrasie van die waterkwaliteitmodule van DUFLOW is voltooi deur die verskillende parameters te verstel na 'n sensitiwiteits-analise. Die model is geverifieer deur 'n ander tydperiode as die vir die opstel te gebruik, om sodoende te verseker dat Inonafhanklike data stel gebruik word. Na die opstel, kalibrasie en verifiering van die model, kon dit toegepass word vir verskillende bestuursscenanos. Drie scenarios is na aanleiding van werklike situasies gekies: 'n korttermyn uitvloeisel storting-situasie met en sonder loslatings van 'n stroomop bron (Of Skuifraamdam Of Voëlvleidam), die impak op die vloei- en waterkwaliteitsituasie van die rivier sou 'n dam stroomop gebou word. 'n langtermyn bestuurs-scenario waarin die lading en konsentrasies, veroorsaak deur die loslatings vanuit die dam na die rivier, ontleed word na aanleiding van beperkings stroomop en -af van die loslatingsplek. Die analise van die scenarios verskaf 'n geleentheid om die toepaslikheid van DUFLOW te ondersoek om werklike operasionele aangeleenthede te simuleer en om sodoende bestuursbesluite te vergemaklik.
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Qian, Aiguo, and 乾愛國. "Three-dimensional modelling of hydrodynamics and tidal flushing in Deep Bay." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29799004.

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10

Takkouk, Saddek. "Applications of hydrodynamic and water quality models to the Sau and Boadella Reservoirs." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/31853.

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Applicaciò d'un model de hydrodinàmica i de qualitat de l'aigua als embassaments de Sau i Boadella
The aim of this work is to have an idea about the behaviour of Sau and Boedella reservoirs in term of hydrodynamic and water quality, the models applied for are Dynamic simulation model DYRESM and water quality model CAEDYM.
En la tesi s'ha aplicat el model de qualitat de l'aigua DYREM-CAEDYM als embassaments de Sau i Boadella. Els models de qualitat de l'aigua són capaços de predir l'evolució física, química i biològica dels embassaments. Un cop inicialitzats i calibrats ens poden donar informació de com evolucionarà, per exemple, el fòsfor dissolt i les poblacions d'algues. Per funcionar, aquests models necessiten nodrir-se diàriament amb dades meteorològiques com ara la radiació solar, la velocitat del vent o les precipitacions, les quals es poden obtenir d'estacions meteorològiques properes als embassaments. També calen dades biològiques que han estat facilitades per diferents persones i organismes com el Departament d'Ecologia de la Universitat de Barcelona i l'Agència Catalana de l'Aigua. Aquests models no són fàcils de manejar i el primer que s'ha de fer és estudiar-ne la seva aplicabilitat. Concretament, cal saber si poden ser d'una dimensió o en cal un nombre superior. Això es fa comprovant l'evolució de diferents nombres adimensionals, com per exemple els de Wedderburn i Burger. Un cop calibrat, el model DYRESM-CAEDYM prediu -molt bé- l'evolució de la temperatura i -bastant bé- la de l'oxigen dissolt, sobretot a l'embassament de Sau,indicant la presència de zones anòxiques al fons. La tendència en l'evolució del fòsfor dissolt també s'hi veu ben reflectida. En canvi, les simulacions de la clorofila-a, indicativa de les algues, no són tan acurades ja que depenen de molt factors, alguns dels quals no queden prou reflectits en el model. L'objectiu final de la tesi és poder millorar la gestió dels embasaments indicant, per exemple, quina és la fondària òptima d'extracció de l'aigua.
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Книги з теми "Qualityof hydrodynamics"

1

Ji, Zhen-Gang. Hydrodynamics and Water Quality. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119371946.

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2

C, McCutcheon Steve, and Schottman Robert W, eds. Hydrodynamics and transport for water quality modeling. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers, 1999.

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3

Ji, Zhen-Gang. Hydrodynamics and water quality: Modeling rivers, lakes, and estuaries. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley-Interscience, 2008.

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4

Ji, Zhen-Gang. Hydrodynamics and water quality: Modeling rives, lakes, and estuaries. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2008.

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5

Cousins, Mischa. Water quality and hydrodynamics of the Moore River estuary and surrounds December 1998 - February 2002: Synthesis report to the community. East Perth, W.A: Water and Rivers Commission, 2003.

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6

Doneker, Robert L. Expert system for hydrodynamic mixing zone analysis of conventional and toxic submerged single port discharges (CORMIX1). Athens, GA: Environmental Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1990.

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Sullivan, Annett B. Modeling hydrodynamics, temperature, and water quality in Henry Hagg Lake, Oregon, 2000-03. Portland, Or: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005.

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Sullivan, Annett B. Modeling hydrodynamics, temperature, and water quality in Henry Hagg Lake, Oregon, 2000-03. Portland, Or: U.S. Geological Survey, 2005.

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Holtschlag, David J. An initial investigation of multidimensional flow and transverse mixing characteristics of the Ohio River near Cincinnati, Ohio. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2009.

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Holtschlag, David J. An initial investigation of multidimensional flow and transverse mixing characteristics of the Ohio River near Cincinnati, Ohio. Reston, Va: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, 2009.

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Частини книг з теми "Qualityof hydrodynamics"

1

Scotton, Paolo, Stefano De Toni, and Catia Monauni. "Main Features of Watercourses' Hydrodynamics." In Water Quality Measurements, 33–45. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470863781.ch3.

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Lung, Wu-Seng. "Integrating Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Models." In Water Quality Modeling, 157–74. New York: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003208969-7.

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3

Krohn, Joachim, and Kurt C. Duwe. "Mathematical Modelling of Hydrodynamics in the Elbe Estuary." In Estuarine Water Quality Management, 35–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-75413-5_4.

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4

Ganoulis, J. G. "Hydrodynamic Dispersion in Model Porous Media." In Groundwater Flow and Quality Modelling, 215–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2889-3_14.

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Krohn, Joachim, and Kurt C. Duwe. "Mathematical modelling of hydrodynamics in the Elbe estuary." In Estuarine Water Quality Management Monitoring, Modelling and Research, 35–40. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/ce036p0035.

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6

Tabios III, Guillermo Q. "Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Modeling for Bays and Lakes." In World Water Resources, 211–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25401-8_7.

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Chau, K. W., Chuntian Cheng, Y. S. Li, C. W. Li, and O. Wai. "An Intelligent Knowledge Processing System on Hydrodynamics and Water Quality Modeling." In Developments in Applied Artificial Intelligence, 670–79. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-48035-8_65.

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8

Sokolova, Ekaterina, Thomas J. R. Pettersson, Olof Bergstedt, and Malte Hermansson. "Hydrodynamic Modelling of Microbial Water Quality in a Drinking Water Source." In Urban Environment, 517–26. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7756-9_46.

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9

Zhu, Yuliang, Juan Yang, Jialing Hao, and Hongyan Shen. "Numerical Simulation of Hydrodynamic Characteristics and Water Quality in Yangchenghu Lake." In Advances in Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering, 710–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89465-0_125.

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10

El-Naggar, Naglaa A., and Ahmed E. Rifaat. "Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Modeling of Lake Mariout (Nile Delta, Northern Egypt)." In The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, 241–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_132.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Qualityof hydrodynamics"

1

Yen, Gour-Tsyh, Hua Shan, Gordon Hu, and Tien-Shuenn Wu. "An Integrated Model of Hydrodynamics and Water Quality Transport." In 10th International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40990(324)29.

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2

Fernandez-Martinez, Victoria J., and Qizhong Guo. "Water Quality Design Storms for Stormwater Hydrodynamic Separators." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41036(342)163.

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3

Tung, Ryan C., Anirban Jana, Arvind Raman, and Hartono Sumali. "Hydrodynamic Damping of Microcantilevers Oscillating Near Solid Walls at Low Knudsen Numbers." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49792.

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The vibrations of microcantilevers in Atomic Force Microscopes (AFM) or Radio Frequency (RF) switches strongly couple to the viscous hydrodynamics of the surrounding fluid in the vicinity of a solid wall. While prior efforts have focused on squeeze film damping effects at high Knudsen and squeeze numbers, the regime of low Knudsen and squeeze numbers is also very important for which squeeze film models need to be discarded in favor of unsteady Stokes hydrodynamics. We present convenient semi-analytical expressions for the unsteady viscous hydrodynamic functions of slender microbeams oscillating near solid walls in terms of key non-dimensional numbers. Using these expressions it becomes possible to predict semi-analytically the quality factors of multiple modes of microcantilever beams near solid walls in diverse applications ranging from AFM in liquids to RF microswitches under ambient conditions. The predictions compare favorably with fully three dimensional, transient flow-structure interaction computations as well as with preliminary experiments on cantilevers under ambient conditions.
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4

Chergui, T., A. Bouhadjar, Abd Boualit, M. Lebbi, L. Bonoutina, and S. Larbi. "Improved thermo-hydrodynamic field quality in the solar chimneys." In 2015 6th International Renewable Energy Congress (IREC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irec.2015.7110972.

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5

CHIEN, NGUYEN QUANG, and TAN SOON KEAT. "QUADTREE MESH FOR COMBINED HYDRODYNAMIC AND WATER QUALITY MODELLING." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on APAC 2009. World Scientific Publishing Company, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814287951_0077.

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6

Ji, Zhen-Gang, Michael R. Morton, and John H. Hamrick. "Modeling Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Processes in a Reservoir." In Eighth International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40734(145)38.

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7

Rodriguez, Hugo N., Ben Cope, and Steven J. Peene. "Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Modeling of Ward Cove, Alaska." In Eighth International Conference on Estuarine and Coastal Modeling. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40734(145)39.

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8

Andoh, Robert Y. G., Stephen P. Hides, and Adrian J. Saul. "Improving Water Quality Using Hydrodynamic Vortex Separators and Screening Systems." In Ninth International Conference on Urban Drainage (9ICUD). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40644(2002)3.

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9

Peng, Wenqiang, Chaoliang Guan, and Shengyi Li. "Surface quality of silicon wafer improved by hydrodynamic effect polishing." In 7th International Symposium on Advanced Optical Manufacturing and Testing Technologies (AOMATT 2014), edited by Li Yang, Eric Ruch, and Shengyi Li. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2068621.

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10

Han, Xiao, and Ning Zhang. "Impacts of Industrial Fresh Water Withdrawals on Calcaiseu Lake Hydrodynamics and Salinity Concentration." In ASME 2016 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the ASME 2016 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2016-7902.

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In the authors’ previous study, vegetation information was utilized into a hydrodynamic model to predict the flooding coverage and damage to the wetlands in a major water system in southwest Louisiana, the Calcasieu Lake water system. In this study, the target area is extended, ranging from the city of Lake Charles as the north end to the Gulf of Mexico as the south end, including Lake Charles, Calcasieu Lake, Prien Lake, Gulf Intracoastal Waterway (GIWW) and the entire Calcasieu Ship Channel. Measured vegetation data is utilized in the vegetated areas and appropriate friction values are assigned to different types of non-vegetated areas. Salinity is important to aquatic life. It can impact agricultural production, water quality and streams, biodiversity and infrastructure. In this study, both hydrodynamic and salinity transport simulations are conducted. Measurement data from NOAA and USGS are used as boundary conditions. Simulation results were compared with NOAA and USGS data in several other locations. Lake Charles is one of the largest petrochemical industry centers in the country. Numerous plants use tremendous amount of fresh surface water in the area. Recent expansions of several companies increase the fresh water withdraws from the system significantly. One of the purposes of the study is to investigate the effects of increased water withdraw on the hydrodynamics and salinity in the system. The industrial water withdrawals could be from the Calcasieu River in the north of Lake Charles, which is the north boundary of the simulation domain. Cases of different reduced flow rates at Lake Charles were tested, and the effects on hydrodynamics and salinity concentrations and distributions were analyzed. The results can be used as a guideline for industrial and city development in the areas.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Qualityof hydrodynamics"

1

Chapman, Ray, Phu Luong, Sung-Chan Kim, and Earl Hayter. Development of three-dimensional wetting and drying algorithm for the Geophysical Scale Transport Multi-Block Hydrodynamic Sediment and Water Quality Transport Modeling System (GSMB). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41085.

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The Environmental Laboratory (EL) and the Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL) have jointly completed a number of large-scale hydrodynamic, sediment and water quality transport studies. EL and CHL have successfully executed these studies utilizing the Geophysical Scale Transport Modeling System (GSMB). The model framework of GSMB is composed of multiple process models as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1 shows that the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) accepted wave, hydrodynamic, sediment and water quality transport models are directly and indirectly linked within the GSMB framework. The components of GSMB are the two-dimensional (2D) deep-water wave action model (WAM) (Komen et al. 1994, Jensen et al. 2012), data from meteorological model (MET) (e.g., Saha et al. 2010 - http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/2010BAMS3001.1), shallow water wave models (STWAVE) (Smith et al. 1999), Coastal Modeling System wave (CMS-WAVE) (Lin et al. 2008), the large-scale, unstructured two-dimensional Advanced Circulation (2D ADCIRC) hydrodynamic model (http://www.adcirc.org), and the regional scale models, Curvilinear Hydrodynamics in three dimensions-Multi-Block (CH3D-MB) (Luong and Chapman 2009), which is the multi-block (MB) version of Curvilinear Hydrodynamics in three-dimensions-Waterways Experiments Station (CH3D-WES) (Chapman et al. 1996, Chapman et al. 2009), MB CH3D-SEDZLJ sediment transport model (Hayter et al. 2012), and CE-QUAL Management - ICM water quality model (Bunch et al. 2003, Cerco and Cole 1994). Task 1 of the DOER project, “Modeling Transport in Wetting/Drying and Vegetated Regions,” is to implement and test three-dimensional (3D) wetting and drying (W/D) within GSMB. This technical note describes the methods and results of Task 1. The original W/D routines were restricted to a single vertical layer or depth-averaged simulations. In order to retain the required 3D or multi-layer capability of MB-CH3D, a multi-block version with variable block layers was developed (Chapman and Luong 2009). This approach requires a combination of grid decomposition, MB, and Message Passing Interface (MPI) communication (Snir et al. 1998). The MB single layer W/D has demonstrated itself as an effective tool in hyper-tide environments, such as Cook Inlet, Alaska (Hayter et al. 2012). The code modifications, implementation, and testing of a fully 3D W/D are described in the following sections of this technical note.
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2

Bunch, Barry W., Carl F. Cerco, Mark S. Dortch, Billy H. Johnson, and Keu W. Kim. Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model Study of San Juan Bay Estuary. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada378533.

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3

Shojaei, Nasim. Automatic Calibration of Water Quality and Hydrodynamic Model (CE-QUAL-W2). Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1941.

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Van Glubt, Sarah. Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Modeling of the Chehalis River Using CE-QUAL-W2. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5370.

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Cervarich, Amory. CE-QUAL-W2 Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model of the Cedar River Municipal Watershed. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7397.

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Dortch, Mark S., Carl F. Cerco, Donald L. Robey, H. L. Butler, and Billy H. Johnson. Work Plan for Three-Dimensional Time-Varying, Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model of Chesapeake Bay. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada199326.

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Jensen, Tel. Chehalis River and Tributary Water Quality and Hydrodynamic Modeling: Model Setup, Calibration Analysis for 2013-2015. Portland State University Library, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7306.

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Cook, Chris B., Marshall C. Richmond, Andre M. Coleman, Cynthia L. Rakowski, P. Scott Titzler, and Matthew D. Bleich. Numerically Simulating the Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Environment for Migrating Salmon in the Lower Snake River. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15003970.

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ARMY ENGINEER DISTRICT OMAHA NE. Application of the CE-QUAL-W2 Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model to Garrison Reservoir, North Dakota. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada635419.

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ARMY ENGINEER DISTRICT OMAHA NE. Application of the CE-QUAL-W2 Hydrodynamic and Water Quality Model to Fort Peck Reservoir, Montana. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, November 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada635422.

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