Готові списки джерел за темами / Protective measurement

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Protective measurement"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Protective measurement"

1

Anandan, J. "Protective measurement and quantum reality." Foundations of Physics Letters 6, no. 6 (December 1993): 503–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00662803.

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2

Kumagai, Michitomo, Mitsuo Shintani, and Makoto Kuranishi. "Measurement of Radiation Protection Performance of X-ray Protective Aprons." Japanese Journal of Radiological Technology 54, no. 1 (1998): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.6009/jjrt.kj00001351866.

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Zuo, Jia, Ge Chen, and Gang Wang. "Research on Strain Gauge Protecting-Process to Measurement Data Accuracy of Composite Material Structure." Advanced Materials Research 1022 (August 2014): 42–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1022.42.

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With the extensive application of composite materials in aircraft structure, the test technologies of strain gauge are more important. But the installed strain gauge must to be protected against some influence. Because the protecting-process of strain gauge affected the strain measuring results of composite structure. In this paper, the composite (T700/LT-03A) was selected to made specimens, and the three different protective agents: protective glue, protective grume and protective grummet were adopted. In order to identify influence of the different protecting processes on the measuring data accuracy, comparison of repeatability and linearity before-and-after measured strain data are served as test standard. The compared test results show that the different strain protecting processes adopted in strength test can make different results of the measuring data accuracy.
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4

Eder, Heinrich. "X-Ray Protective Aprons Re-Evaluated." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 195, no. 03 (February 16, 2023): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1994-7332.

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Background The evaluation of the protective effect of X-ray protective clothing requires new criteria. The current concept assumes more or less uniform covering of the torso with protective material. The frequently worn heavy wrap-around aprons can weigh 7 to 8 kg. As relevant studies show, orthopedic damage can result from long-term activity. It should therefore be investigated whether the apron weight can be reduced by optimizing the material distribution. For a radiobiological evaluation of the protective effect, the “effective dose” should be used. Methods Numerous laboratory measurements were performed with an Alderson Rando phantom as well as dose measurements on clinical personnel. The measurements were supplemented by Monte Carlo simulation of an interventional workplace in which a female ICRP reference phantom was used for the operator. The measured back doses on the Alderson phantom as well as the measured back doses at interventional workplaces were based on the personal equivalent dose Hp(10). Monte Carlo simulations were used to introduce protection factors for the protective clothing based on the “effective dose” introduced in radiation protection. Results Back doses in clinical radiology personnel are largely negligible. Therefore, back protection can be much lower than currently used or can even be eliminated. The Monte Carlo simulations show that the protective effect of protective aprons worn on the body is higher than when the flat protective material is radiated through (3 D effect). About 80 % of the effective dose is attributed to the body region from the gonads to the chest. By additional shielding of this area, the effective dose can be lowered or, optionally, aprons with less weight can be produced. Attention must also be paid to the “radiation leaks” (upper arms, neck, skull), which can reduce the whole-body protective effect. Conclusion In the future, the evaluation of the protective effect of X-ray protective clothing should be based on the effective dose. For this purpose, effective dose-based protection factors could be introduced, while the lead equivalent should be used for measurement purposes only. If the results are implemented, protective aprons with approx. 40 % less weight can be produced with a comparable protective effect. Key Points: Citation Format
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Kozey, John, Tara Reilly, and Chris Brooks. "Personal protective equipment affecting functional anthropometric measurement." Occupational Ergonomics 5, no. 2 (November 2, 2005): 121–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/oer-2005-5205.

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This study provides information on the affects of immersion suit wear on the maximum reach envelope of industrial offshore workers. In this study the total maximum reach envelope was measured using a computerized potentiometric system which records the 3-dimensional reach volume. The reach volume was then partitioned into vertical and horizontal sectors to closely examine the effect of the suit on the reach. Specific regions of the maximum reach envelope were significantly affected by the use of the suit. The changes were documented in terms of the linear changes in vertical reach and angular changes in shoulder motion.
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Zeng, Qing Zhao, Jin Chuan Song, and Su Zhuo Wu. "DC Protective Measurement and Control Device for Mass Transit Based on VxWorks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 672-674 (October 2014): 1016–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.672-674.1016.

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VxWorks operating system provides the technical foundation for the products development of DC protective measurement and control device for mass transit. According to technical requirements of products of DC protective measurement and control device for mass transit, this paper set up software and hardware implementation scheme and deeply analyzed the key technology such as task function division, message management, interrupt management and protection task realization.The successful application experience of this technology scheme has the guide meaning for the development of the similar products.
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Bulatov, A. S., and A. A. Popov. "MEASUREMENT THICKNESS OF PROTECTIVE-DECORATIVE COATINGS ON CONCRETE BASES." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 263 (May 2020): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2020.05.pp.046-050.

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The factors affecting to the ultrasonic testing of the coating thickness on concrete are considered. The structure and design of the transducer used to solve this problem. Features of the organization of the measurement process are described. Options for creating reference samples for tuning and testing ultrasonic thickness gauges used to solve this problem. The results of measuring the thickness of the polyurethane coating on concrete obtained on the Bulat 3 device using a specialized transducer are presented. The characteristics of concrete, which necessitate the use of special protective and decorative materials (surface abrasion, insufficient density, low hydrophobicity, etc.), and the characteristics of organic polymer coatings (adhesion, elasticity, wear resistance, chemical resistance, and hardness), which depend significantly on dry film thickness (protective layer). It is indicated that in order for the coating to ensure the fulfillment of the declared parameters taking into account economic feasibility, it is necessary to fulfill the requirements for a given minimum coating thickness, and that the use of the ultrasonic testing method seems to be the optimal method for measuring the coating thickness. Factors affecting the measurement process (the ratio of acoustic impedances, reflection coefficient and its variation range for various types of concrete and the most common coatings) are also considered. It is indicated that, based on a number of experiments with different types of transducers (dual element, single element and single element with the delay line), the maximum sensitivity and measurement range are ensured by using a direct single element transducer with a delay line. The data on the choice of the operating frequency of the transducer is given, depending on the range of measured coating thicknesses. The design and construction of the transducer, the features of the construction of its elements and their influence on the transducer characteristics, the principle of measuring the coating thickness and its implementation on the Bulat 3 ultrasonic thickness gauge are described. The char-acteristics of the device that allowed it to be used for such measurements are indicated. Information is provided on various options for the implementation of reference samples of the coating, on the methodology for their testing and the measurement results.
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Bulatov, A. S., and A. A. Popov. "MEASUREMENT THICKNESS OF PROTECTIVE-DECORATIVE COATINGS ON CONCRETE BASES." Kontrol'. Diagnostika, no. 263 (May 2020): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2020.05.pp.046-050.

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Анотація:
The factors affecting to the ultrasonic testing of the coating thickness on concrete are considered. The structure and design of the transducer used to solve this problem. Features of the organization of the measurement process are described. Options for creating reference samples for tuning and testing ultrasonic thickness gauges used to solve this problem. The results of measuring the thickness of the polyurethane coating on concrete obtained on the Bulat 3 device using a specialized transducer are presented. The characteristics of concrete, which necessitate the use of special protective and decorative materials (surface abrasion, insufficient density, low hydrophobicity, etc.), and the characteristics of organic polymer coatings (adhesion, elasticity, wear resistance, chemical resistance, and hardness), which depend significantly on dry film thickness (protective layer). It is indicated that in order for the coating to ensure the fulfillment of the declared parameters taking into account economic feasibility, it is necessary to fulfill the requirements for a given minimum coating thickness, and that the use of the ultrasonic testing method seems to be the optimal method for measuring the coating thickness. Factors affecting the measurement process (the ratio of acoustic impedances, reflection coefficient and its variation range for various types of concrete and the most common coatings) are also considered. It is indicated that, based on a number of experiments with different types of transducers (dual element, single element and single element with the delay line), the maximum sensitivity and measurement range are ensured by using a direct single element transducer with a delay line. The data on the choice of the operating frequency of the transducer is given, depending on the range of measured coating thicknesses. The design and construction of the transducer, the features of the construction of its elements and their influence on the transducer characteristics, the principle of measuring the coating thickness and its implementation on the Bulat 3 ultrasonic thickness gauge are described. The char-acteristics of the device that allowed it to be used for such measurements are indicated. Information is provided on various options for the implementation of reference samples of the coating, on the methodology for their testing and the measurement results.
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Guy, A. W., Chung-Kwang Chou, J. A. McDougall, and C. Sorensen. "Measurement of Shielding Effectiveness of Microwave-Protective Suits." IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 35, no. 11 (November 1987): 984–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmtt.1987.1133796.

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Miyazaki, Makoto. "Using and Explaining Individual Dosimetry Data." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 29, no. 2_suppl (March 2017): 110S—119S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539517693082.

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Measurement of individual radiation dose is crucial for planning protective measures after nuclear accidents. The purpose of this article is to explain the various initiatives taken after the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, including the D-shuttle project wherein residents from affected areas wore a personal dosimeter to measure their own external exposure. The experience in Fukushima revealed several issues such as gaining residents’ trust and ensuring appropriate communication of the measured data. The D-shuttle project also revealed that obtaining individual dose measurement data had 2 purposes, as the information obtained was to be utilized by the residents for self-protection and by the authorities for deriving the dose distribution of the population to aid in designing large-scale protection measures. The lessons learned are that both the residents and the authorities need to understand and share the meaning of individual dose measurements and the measurement results must be used with due respect for the residents’ privacy and other concerns.
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Дисертації з теми "Protective measurement"

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Sarkar, Mustafa. "The assessment of psychological resilience in sport performers." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/17616.

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Why is it that some athletes are able to withstand the pressures of competitive sport and attain peak performances, whereas others succumb to the demands and under-perform? It is the study of psychological resilience that aims to address this question. To significantly advance psychologists' knowledge and understanding of this area, there exists an urgent need to develop a sport-specific measure of resilience (Fletcher & Sarkar, 2012; Galli & Vealey, 2008; Gucciardi, Jackson, Coulter, & Mallett, 2011). The purpose of this thesis, therefore, is to investigate the assessment of psychological resilience in sport performers. To this end, the thesis is split into five chapters. Chapter one reviews and critiques the various definitions, concepts, and theories of resilience, and provides an overview of the research that has specifically examined psychological resilience in sport performers. Chapter two reviews psychometric issues in resilience research and its implications for sport psychology (part one), and discusses psychological resilience in sport performers via a review of the stressors athletes encounter and the protective factors that help them withstand these demands (part two). Drawing on these reviews of resilience in sport, Chapter three (studies one-three) describes the development and validation of the Sport Resilience Scale (SRS). More specifically, Study 1 explores the content validity of a pool of items designed to reflect psychological resilience in athletes, Study 2 examines the factorial structure of the SRS using exploratory factor analysis, and Study 3 tests the factorial structure of the SRS via confirmatory factor analysis, investigates whether the components of the measurement model are invariant across different groups, and examines the relationship between the SRS and other relevant concepts. Using the SRS, and based on Fletcher and Sarkar's (2012) grounded theory of psychological resilience, Chapter four (studies 4 and 5) investigates resilience in sport performers via an examination of moderation and mediation hypotheses. Specifically, Study 4 tests whether the association between the stressors athletes encounter and athletes' positive adaptation is moderated by the protective factors that athletes possess and Study 5 tests whether the association between the stressors athletes encounter and athletes' positive adaptation is mediated by their cognitive appraisal processes. Lastly, Chapter five offers a summary, discussion, and conclusion of the thesis. Overall, the research reported in this thesis has developed the first valid and reliable measure of psychological resilience in sport performers and has provided quantitative support for Fletcher and Sarkar's (2012) theoretical model of sport resilience by illustrating the moderating role of protective factors and the mediating role of cognitive appraisal.
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Frňka, Tomáš. "Bezdotykové měření povrchových teplot ve strojírenství." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-228826.

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The subject of this thesis is the incorporation of the contactless temperature measurement of surface temperatures among other methods of temperature measurement with the analysis of (individual) advantages and disadvantages. The study is focused on the measurement and finding alternative protective clingfilms for thermo camera “Flir SC2000” and possible ways of their usage.
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Al-Busaidi, Adil S. "Toward a Model of Organizational Muted Dissent: Construct Definition, Dimensions, Measurement, and Validation." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1407242598.

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4

Merkle, Shannon L. M. "Exploring pain & movement relationships: is greater physical activity associated with reduced pain sensitivity & does endogenous muscle pain alter protective reflexes in the upper extremity?" Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2245.

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Pain and movement are intimately connected and nearly universal human experiences. However, our understanding of the extent, significance, and mechanisms of pain-movement relationships is limited. While pain is a normal, protective response to injury and potentially harmful stimuli, prolonged or dysfunctional neuromuscular adaptions in response to pain can contribute to a variety of pain conditions. Alternatively, movement (in the form of global physical activity, individual exercise programs, and/or specific motor learning/functional tasks) is often prescribed to help decrease pain and improve function. While attempts have been made to show an effect of movement on pain or to better understand altered movement strategies in response to pain, much of the research has been limited to animal models or to those with specific persistent or chronic pain conditions limiting generalizability and interpretability. Therefore, this research sought to advance current understanding of the relationships between physical activity and normal variability in centrally- and peripherally-mediated pain in healthy adults. Additionally, we sought to characterize changes in reflexive motor responses in the upper extremity to an endogenous, naturally-occurring, long-lasting acute muscle pain. The results of these investigations indicate that greater, self-reported intense (i.e. vigorous) and leisure activity are more strongly associated with decreased pain sensitivity than is pain modulation or measured activity (via accelerometry). Future research is needed to determine directionality of these relationships. Further, reflexive motor responses to endogenous, acute muscle pain in the upper extremity were not significantly altered indicating that changes in pain-related, movement strategies may be more strongly influenced by supraspinal adaptations. These results may have value in improving understanding of pain-related, movement sequelae and directing future research in this area.
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Bálint, Zoltán. "Průvlekový transformátor proudu 25 kV, 400/5/5 A." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-217917.

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The aim of this master’s thesis is the design of a double-core bushing-type current transformer. This appliance is intended for measuring and protection of high-voltage distribution systems of the internal type for the highest system voltage of 25 kV. The master’s thesis is divided into four parts. The first part describes the function of the current transformer. The next part deals with the analysis of the phasor diagram and errors of the current transformer. The major part of the thesis deals with the design of the protective and measuring core. The last part describes the 3D model of the bushing-type current transformer.
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6

Quint, Ryan David. "Practical Implementation of a Security-Dependability Adaptive Voting Scheme Using Decision Trees." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35667.

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Todayâ s electric power system is operated under increasingly stressed conditions. As electrical demand increases, the existing grid is operated closer to its stable operating limits while maintaining high reliability of electric power delivery to its customers. Protective schemes are designed to account for pressures towards unstable operation, but there is always a tradeoff between security and dependability of this protection. Adaptive relaying schemes that can change or modify their operation based on prevailing system conditions are an example of a protective scheme increasing reliability of the power system. The purpose of this thesis is to validate and analyze implementation of the Security-Dependability Adaptive Voting Scheme. It is demonstrated that this scheme can be implemented with a select few Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) reporting positive sequence currents to a Phasor Data Concentrator (PDC). At the PDC, the state of the power system is defined as Stressed or Safe and a set of relays either vote or perform normal operation, respectively. The Adaptive Voting Scheme was implemented using two configurations: hardware- and software-based PDC solutions. Each was shown to be functional, effective, and practical for implementation. Practicality was based on the latency of Wide Area Measurement (WAM) devices and the added latency of relay voting operation during Stressed conditions. Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), Phasor Data Concentrators (PDCs), and relay operation delays were quantified to determine the benefits and limitations of WAMS protection and implementation of the voting scheme. It is proposed that the delays injected into the existing protection schemes would have minimal effect on the voting scheme but must be accounted for when implementing power system controls due to the real-time requirements of the data.
Master of Science
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7

Hoang, Van Hung. "Electrochemical Synthesis of Novel Polyaniline-Montmorillonite Nanocomposites and Corrosion Protection of Steel." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2007. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:ch1-200700059.

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This dissertation describes a new electrochemical synthesis of novel composite materials based on montmorillonite (MMT) clay and intrinsically conducting polyaniline (PANI). PANI was successfully incorporated into MMT galleries to form PANI−MMT nanocomposites. Electropolymerization of anilinium ions which are intercalated inside the clay layers have been carried out at a constant applied potential. The synthetic conditions have been optimized taking into account the effect of concentration of aniline, magnetic stirring and potential cycling. The resulting organic-inorganic hybrid material, PANI-MMT has been characterized by various physicochemical techniques. Results of elemental analysis show that nanocomposite contains only 10 % of conducting PANI. Formation of PANI inside the clay tactoid has been confirmed by the expansion of inter layer distance of MMT as revealed by X-ray diffraction studies. Relatively lower interlayer expansion for PANI-MMT than that of anilinium-MMT indicates the higher stereoregularity in PANI-MMT which has strong influence on electrical properties of nanocomposites. Infrared spectroscopy studies reveal the presence of physicochemical interaction, probably hydrogen bonding, between clay and polyaniline. Cyclic voltammetry studies indicate that presence of electroinactive clay does not influence the electrochemical activity of PANI. Electrochromic behaviour of PANI-MMT nanocomposites have been studied using in situ UV-Vis spectroscopy which reveals that electrochromism of PANI in the composite material has been retained. One of the main technological applications of conducting polymers, particularly PANI, is in the area of corrosion protection of active metals. PANI-MMT nanocomposites synthesized using the present method and a chemically synthesized PANI which is soluble in organic solvents have been used to protect C45 steel surface against corrosion. Corrosion studies have been performed using electrochemical impedance measurements(EIM)and anodic polarization studies. Electrochemical impedance data has been analyzed using a suitable equivalent circuit. Corrosion protection of steel offered by both PANI-MMT and organically soluble PANI is evident form the increase in the value of charge transfer resistance of the coated steel surfaces. Time dependent EIM measurements reveal that charge transfer resistance gradually decreases with time, however, the values are much higher than that of uncoated surfaces. Two capacitive loops, one at higher and another at lower frequencies, observed in the Nyquist plots have been assigned to the electrical properties of coating material (in the present case, PANI-MMT or soluble PANI) and electrochemical process at the interface, respectively. An anodic shift in the corrosion potential, a decrease in the corrosion rate and a significant increase in the polarization resistance indicate a significant anti-corrosion performance of both PANI-MMT nanocomposite and organically soluble PANI deposited on the protected steel surface
Diese Dissertation beschreibt eine neue elektrochemische Synthese neuartiger Compositmaterialien basierend auf dem Tonmineral Montmorillonite (MMT) und intrinsisch leitfähigem Polyanilin (PANI). Die Elektropolymerisation von Aniliniumionen, welche in die Tonmineralschichten eingebaut sind, wurde bei einem konstanten Potenzial durchgeführt. Das resultierende organisch-anorganische Hybridmaterial PANI-MMT wurde mit verschiedenen physikochemischen Methoden charakterisiert. Die Ergebnisse der Elementaranalyse zeigen, dass nur 10 % des Nanocompositmaterials aus leitfähigem PANI bestehen. Die Vergrößerung des Zwischenschichtabstandes von MMT, die bei Röntgendiffraktometrieuntersuchungen beobachtet wurde, lässt auf die Bildung von PANI innerhalb der Tonmineral-Taktoide schließen. IR-spektroskopische Untersuchungen deuten auf das Vorhandensein von Wechselwirkungen physikochemischer Art, wahrscheinlich Wasserstoffbindungen zwischen dem Tonmineral und Polyanilin, hin. Untersuchungen mit zyklischer Voltammetrie zeigten, dass die Anwesenheit von elektroinaktivem Tonmineral die elektrochemische Aktivität von PANI nicht beeinflusst. Das elektrochrome Verhalten von PANI-MMT Nanocompositen wurde mit UV-Vis-Spektroskopie untersucht, wobei sich herausstellte, dass das elektrochrome Verhalten vom PANI im Compositmaterial erhalten bleibt. Eines der technologischen Hauptanwendungsgebiete von leitfähigen Polymeren, insbesondere von PANI, ist der Korrosionsschutz von aktiven Metallen. PANI-MMT Nanocomposite die mit der angegebenen Methode (elektrochemisch) synthetisiert wurden und chemisch synthetisiertes in organischen Medien lösliches PANI wurden zum Korrosionsschutz von C45 Stahl eingesetzt. Die Korrosionsuntersuchungen wurden mit Hilfe von elektrochemischen Impedanzmessungen (EIM) und anodischen Polarisationsuntersuchungen durchgeführt. Der von PANI-MMT und von in organischen Medien löslichem PANI gebotene Korrosionsschutz ist wahrscheinlich auf die Zunahme des Ladungsdurchtritts widerstandes der beschichteten Stahloberfläche zurückzuführen. Die anodische Verschiebung des Korrosionspotenzials, eine Verringerung der Korrosions-geschwindigkeit und eine deutliche Zunahme des Polarisationswiderstandes sind eindeutige Hinweise für das Antikorrosionsvermögen von PANI-MMT und auch von in organischen Medien löslichem PANI, welche auf der zu schützenden Stahloberfläche abgeschieden wurden
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Jalandoni, D. Jay Moreno. "In-phantom measurement of HE or neutron protection dosimetry." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/16777.

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9

Tania, Mutmainna. "Wide Area Measurement Applications for Improvement of Power System Protection." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/19241.

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The increasing demand for electricity over the last few decades has not been followed by adequate growth in electric infrastructure. As a result, the reliability and safety of the electric grids are facing tremendously growing pressure. Large blackouts in the recent past indicate that sustaining system reliability and integrity turns out to be more and more difficult due to reduced transmission capacity margins and increased stress on the system. Due to the heavy loading conditions that occur when the system is under stress, the protection systems are susceptible to mis-operation. It is under such severe situations that the network cannot afford to lose its critical elements like the main generation units and transmission corridors.

In addition to the slow but steady variations in the network structure over a long term, the grid also experiences drastic changes during the occurrence of a disturbance. One of the main reasons why protection relays mis-operate is due to the inability of the relays to adjust to the evolving network scenario. Such failures greatly compound the severity of the disturbance, while diminishing network integrity leading to catastrophic system-wide outages. With the advancement of Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS), it is now possible to redesign network protection schemes to make them more adaptive and thus improve the security of the system.

Often flagged for exacerbating the events leading to a blackout, the back-up distance protection relay scheme for transmission line protection and the loss-of-field relay scheme for generator unit protection can be greatly improved from an adaptability-oriented redesign. Protection schemes in general would benefit from a power re-distribution technique that helps predict generator outputs immediately after the occurrence of a contingency.

Ph. D.
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10

Cong, Yuhang. "Synchronized measurement technology supported operational tripping schemes." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/synchronized-measurement-technology-supported-operational-tripping-schemes(7d472659-d352-4291-96fc-fce7e6ce5fc8).html.

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The increasing volume of renewable and intermittent generation that is being connected to power systems means that system operators need more advanced dynamic control tools to manage the increase in congestion and the resulting pressure on system constraints. The introduction of synchronised measurement technology provides the wide area real-time measurements that are essential to develop and implement adaptive online solutions for current network issues. The objective of the research presented in this thesis is to design intelligent system integrity protection schemes (SIPS) that protect transmission lines and power transformers from thermal overloading. An intelligent protection scheme should be able to identify the fault severity, predict the post disturbance trend of system states, continue monitoring specific vulnerable system variables and propose an accurate solution that is tailored to the actual system conditions and the specific contingencies that have occurred. The intent of this research is to contribute to the development of adaptive protective schemes that are enabled by modern synchronized measurement technologies for future power systems. The research presented in this thesis focuses on the creation of novel Operational Tripping Schemes (OTSs) that explicitly satisfy both the functionality and economical requirements by integrating an improved assessment of thermal behaviour of the monitored assets. Novel OTSs are proposed for both transmission lines and transformers and they can be considered to be intelligent, adaptive and efficient SIPS for the thermal protection of system assets. A novel functional block is proposed that be included within the OTS and that uses optimization theory to determine the lowest cost solution to overheating in the time available. Furthermore, case studies have been conducted to verify the performance of each novel OTS using simulations of a full GB system model.
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Книги з теми "Protective measurement"

1

(Firm), ALSTOM. Network protection & automation guide: Protective relays, measurement & control. [England?]: Alstom Grid, 2011.

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Gao, Shan, ed. Protective Measurement and Quantum Reality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9781107706927.

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H, Twilley William, Stroup David W, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. Measurement techniques for low heat flux exposures to fire fighters protective clothing. Gaithersburg, Md: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2001.

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H, Twilley William, Stroup David W, and National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), eds. Measurement techniques for low heat flux exposures to fire fighters protective clothing. Gaithersburg, Md: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2001.

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5

Carroll, Todd R. The selection and measurement of physical properties for characterization of chemical protective clothing materials. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, 1990.

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Carroll, Todd R. The selection and measurement of physical properties for characterization of chemical protective clothing materials. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory, 1990.

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7

Determination of residual stresses in coatings and coated parts. Tallinn: [Tallinn Technical University], 1994.

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8

Brown, Justin H. Recommendations to improve the Prevention and Early Intervention Services Division's performance measurement system. Austin, Tex: Criminal Justice Policy Council, 2001.

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9

National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), ed. MEASUREMENT TECHNICQUES FOR LOW HEAT FLUX EXPOSURES TO FIRE FIGHTERS PROTECTIVE CLOTHING... NISTIR 6750... U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE. [S.l: s.n., 2001.

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T, Chiang K., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Creep of uncoated and Cu-Cr coated NARloy-Z. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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Частини книг з теми "Protective measurement"

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Koerner, Michael R. "Rheology Measurement for Automotive Coatings." In Protective Coatings, 95–113. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51627-1_4.

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Rickerby, David. "Measurement of coating adhesion." In Metallurgical and Ceramic Protective Coatings, 306–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1501-5_12.

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Vaidman, Lev. "Protective Measurements." In Compendium of Quantum Physics, 505–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70626-7_153.

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Aharonov, Yakir, and Lev Vaidman. "Protective Measurements." In Advances in Quantum Phenomena, 355–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1975-1_23.

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Rossi, René M., and Agnes Psikuta. "Assessment of the Coupled Heat and Mass Transfer Through Protective Garments Using Manikins and Other Advanced Measurement Devices." In NATO Science for Peace and Security Series B: Physics and Biophysics, 83–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0576-0_4.

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Rambousky, Ronald. "Measurement of Ionizing Radiation." In CBRN Protection, 243–72. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527650163.ch9.

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Price, Kyle, Wenjun Wu, Alon V. McCormick, and Lorraine F. Francis. "Measurements of Stress Development in Latex Coatings." In Protective Coatings, 225–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51627-1_10.

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Urban, David, and John Javorniczky. "Laser Measurements." In Non-ionizing Radiation Protection, 152–62. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119284673.ch11.

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Gies, Peter, and Colin Roy. "UV Measurements." In Non-ionizing Radiation Protection, 94–109. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119284673.ch7.

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Mikić, Mia. "The Measurement of Protection." In International Trade, 383–99. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-26372-1_11.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Protective measurement"

1

Babikov, A. A., and V. A. Zakharenko. "Temperature measurement through protective glass." In 2008 9th International Scientific-Technical Conference on Actual Problems of Electronic Instrument Engineering (APEIE). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apeie.2008.4897089.

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Genovese, Marco, Salvatore Virzì, Alessio Avella, Franco Zappa, Alberto Tosi, Marco Gramegna, Giorgio Brida, et al. "Quantum weak-interaction-based measurement: from sequential weak measurement to protective measurement." In Quantum Communications and Quantum Imaging XVI, edited by Ronald E. Meyers, Yanhua Shih, and Keith S. Deacon. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2319186.

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Winburn, D. C. "Laser protective eyewear: A critique." In ICALEO® ‘85: Proceedings of the Medicine and Biology; Optical Techniques for Measurement and Control; and Spectroscopy, Photochemistry and Scientific Measurement Conferences. Laser Institute of America, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5057686.

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Vandiver, B., A. Apostolov, and F. Steinhauser. "Testing of Phasor Measurement Units." In 2010 63rd Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpre.2010.5469486.

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Cardenas, Jorge, George Mikhael, Jacek Kaminski, and Ilia Voloh. "Islanding detection with Phasor Measurement Units." In 2014 67th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers. IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpre.2014.6799003.

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Bhusari, M. M., and R. A. Sulit. "Standards for the Thermal Spray Industry." In ITSC 2000, edited by Christopher C. Berndt. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2000p1313.

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Abstract Thermal-spray standards in the United States are developed by several professional societies that include American Society for Testing and Measurement (ASTM) for test & measurements methods and composition specifications; American Welding Society (AWS) for feedstock, equipment acceptance, application process, training & certification; American Water Works Association (AWWA) for thermal-sprayed zinc as potable water tank lining; International Association of Corrosion Engineers (NACE) for corrosion protection processes and inspection; and Society of Protective Coatings (SSPC) for test & measurement methods, application specification & inspection in regards to protective coatings for the protection of steel. This paper provides information on various standards set by these bodies.
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Holbach, J., and S. Steynberg. "Loop selective direction measurement for distance protection." In 58th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers, 2005. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpre.2005.1430437.

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Liu, Yang, Zhenyu Chen, and Zhenxian Fu. "Passive protective strategy for ultra-precision dual-stage." In International Symposium on Precision Engineering Measurement and Instrumentation, edited by Junning Cui, Jiubin Tan, and Xianfang Wen. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2182389.

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Koellner, Kris, Chris Anderson, and Roy Moxley. "Generator Black Start Validation Using Synchronized Phasor Measurement." In 2007 60th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpre.2007.359919.

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Gajic, Z., D. Trisic, and S. Roxenborg. "Rotor DC current measurement by using current transformers." In 2015 68th Annual Conference for Protective Relay Engineers. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cpre.2015.7102181.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Protective measurement"

1

Trevino, Samuel F. A Measurement of the Neurton and Gamma Transmission of a Protective Vest. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada436317.

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Vettori, Robert L., William H. Twilley, and David W. Stroup. Measurement techniques for low heat flux exposures to fire fighters protective clothing. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6750.

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SECRETARY OF THE AIR FORCE WASHINGTON DC. Information Protection Metrics and Measurements Program. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada404998.

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O'TOOLE, S. M. River Protection Project waste feed delivery program technical performance measurement assessment plan. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/798010.

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Starkey, Eric, Daniel McCay, Chrisopher Cooper, and Mark Hynds. Assessment of estuarine water and sediment quality at Cape Hatteras National Seashore and Cape Lookout National Seashore: 2021 data summary. National Park Service, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294854.

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In July 2021 the Southeast Coast Network conducted an assessment of water quality in the vicinity of Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout National Seashores as part of the National Park Service Vital Signs Monitoring Program. Monitoring was conducted following methods developed by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as part of the National Coastal Assessment Program (EPA 2010). Laboratory analysis measured chlorophyll a and total and dissolved concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorous. Field measurements included water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and salinity. Water clarity, which requires a Secchi depth measurement, was obtained when possible. All measured parameters were rated as good, fair, or poor based on thresholds set by the EPA (2012). All measured parameters were rated as good, fair, or poor based on thresholds set by the EPA (2012). Water clarity was not calculated at all sites due to the shallow depth of the water in the sound. Of the sites where water clarity could be assessed (5 sites), four measured good and one fair. Sites that were too shallow to measure water clarity had water column conditions that did not preclude light from penetrating to the bottom of the water body so no ecological effects would be expected.Turbidity measurements ranged from 1.0 to 8.0 FNU (Formazin Nephelometric Units) and are good (i.e. < 25 NTU [Nephelometric Turbidity Units]) according to North Carolina Standards (NC Administrative Code 2019). Note that turbidity units of FNU and NTU are roughly equivalent. Chlorophyll a concentration was rated good at 29 sites (97%), and fair at one site (3%). Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) concentration was good at all 30 sites (100%). Dissolved inorganic phosphorus (DIP) concentration was good at all 30 sites (100%). Dissolved oxygen concentration (bottom) was rated good at all 30 sites (100%). A water-quality condition summary index was calculated for each site sampled at Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout National Seashores based on the categorical assessments of chlorophyll a, DIN and DIP concentrations, dissolved oxygen, and water clarity. This summary index indicated good water-quality conditions at all thirty sites (100%). Based on the summary water-quality index rating, overall water-quality conditions at Cape Hatteras and Cape Lookout National Seashores during sampling in 2021 were good. For sediment, ecological condition was ranked as good at 30 sites (100%). As a result, no adverse impacts to benthic organisms due to sediment contamination are anticipated at any of the sampled sites. This ranking was assigned according to the 2010 Environmental Protection Agency, National Coastal Condition Assessment (NCCA) thresholds for sediment chemistry.
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Barowy, Adam, Alex Klieger, Jack Regan, and Mark McKinnon. UL 9540A Installation Level Tests with Outdoor Lithium-ion Energy Storage System Mockups. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/jemy9731.

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This report covers results of experiments conducted to obtain data on the fire and deflagration hazards from thermal runaway and its propagation through energy storage systems (ESS). The UL 9540A test standard provides a systematic evaluation of thermal runaway and propagation in energy storage system at cell, module, unit, and installation levels. The data from this testing may be used to design fire and explosion protection systems needed for safe siting and installation of ESS. In addition to temperature, pressure, and gas measurement instruments installed inside of the container, fire service portable gas monitors were placed at locations inside and outside the storage container during the experiments to assess their ability to detect products of thermal runaway and inform fire service size-up decisions. Review section 2.2.3 Fire Service Size-up Equipment to learn more. This research demonstrates a clear need for responding firefighters to have early access to data from instrumentation installed within an ESS, particularly gas measurement instrumentation, available through a monitoring panel. Additionally, it highlights the importance of communication between responding firefighters and personnel responsible for management of the ESS, who can aid in complete evaluation of system data to develop a more clear picture of system status and potential hazards.
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Hack, Harvey P., and Dana C. Lynn. Interaction of Ship and Dock Cathodic Protection Systems Predicted from Potential Measurements of a Seawall at Panama City, Florida. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada297027.

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Williams, Robert. Assessment of the Applicability of ANSI S12.42-2010 as a General Measure of Protection from Impulsive Noise by Measurement of Impulsive and Continuous Noise Insertion Loss of the HGU-56/P and the CEP. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada565533.

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Castellano, Mike J., Abraham G. Shaviv, Raphael Linker, and Matt Liebman. Improving nitrogen availability indicators by emphasizing correlations between gross nitrogen mineralization and the quality and quantity of labile soil organic matter fractions. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7597926.bard.

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A major goal in Israeli and U.S. agroecosystems is to maximize nitrogen availability to crops while minimizing nitrogen losses to air and water resources. This goal has presented a significant challenge to global agronomists and scientists because crops require large inputs of nitrogen (N) fertilizer to maximize yield, but N fertilizers are easily lost to surrounding ecosystems where they contribute to water pollution and greenhouse gas concentrations. Determination of the optimum N fertilizer input is complex because the amount of N produced from soil organic matter varies with time, space and management. Indicators of soil N availability may help to guide requirements for N fertilizer inputs and are increasingly viewed as indicators of soil health To address these challenges and improve N availability indicators, project 4550 “Improving nitrogen availability indicators by emphasizing correlations between gross nitrogen mineralization and the quality and quantity of labile organic matter fractions” addressed the following objectives: Link the quantity and quality of labile soil organic matter fractions to indicators of soil fertility and environmental quality including: i) laboratory potential net N mineralization ii) in situ gross N mineralization iii) in situ N accumulation on ion exchange resins iv) crop uptake of N from mineralized soil organic matter sources (non-fertilizer N), and v) soil nitrate pool size. Evaluate and compare the potential for hot water extractable organic matter (HWEOM) and particulate organic matter quantity and quality to characterize soil N dynamics in biophysically variable Israeli and U.S. agroecosystems that are managed with different N fertility sources. Ultimately, we sought to determine if nitrogen availability indicators are the same for i) gross vs. potential net N mineralization processes, ii) diverse agroecosystems (Israel vs. US) and, iii) management strategies (organic vs. inorganic N fertility sources). Nitrogen availability indicators significantly differed for gross vs. potential N mineralization processes. These results highlight that different mechanisms control each process. Although most research on N availability indicators focuses on potential net N mineralization, new research highlights that gross N mineralization may better reflect plant N availability. Results from this project identify the use of ion exchange resin (IERs) beads as a potential technical advance to improve N mineralization assays and predictors of N availability. The IERs mimic the rhizosphere by protecting mineralized N from loss and immobilization. As a result, the IERs may save time and money by providing a measurement of N mineralization that is more similar to the costly and time consuming measurement of gross N mineralization. In further search of more accurate and cost-effective predictors of N dynamics, Excitation- Emission Matrix (EEM) spectroscopy analysis of HWEOM solution has the potential to provide reliable indicators for changes in HWEOM over time. These results demonstrated that conventional methods of labile soil organic matter quantity (HWEOM) coupled with new analyses (EEM) may be used to obtain more detailed information about N dynamics. Across Israeli and US soils with organic and inorganic based N fertility sources, multiple linear regression models were developed to predict gross and potential N mineralization. The use of N availability indicators is increasing as they are incorporated into soil health assessments and agroecosystem models that guide N inputs. Results from this project suggest that some soil variables can universally predict these important ecosystem process across diverse soils, climate and agronomic management. BARD Report - Project4550 Page 2 of 249
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Amir, Rachel, David J. Oliver, Gad Galili, and Jacline V. Shanks. The Role of Cysteine Partitioning into Glutathione and Methionine Synthesis During Normal and Stress Conditions. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7699850.bard.

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The objective of this research is to study the nature of the competition for cysteine (Cys), the first organic sulfur-containing compound, between its two main metabolites, glutathione (GSH) and methionine (Met). GSH plays a central role in protecting plants during various stresses, while Met, an essential amino acid, regulates essential processes and metabolites in plant cells through its metabolite S-adenosyl-Met. Our results, which are based on flux analysis and measurements of Met- metabolites, show that the flux towards Met synthesis is high during non-stress conditions, however the flux is significantly reduced under stress conditions, when there is high synthesis of GSH. Under oxidative stress the expression level of the regulatory enzyme of Met synthesis, cystathionine g-synthase (CGS) was reduced. By using three different systems, we have found that that GSH down regulates the expression level of CGS, thus reducing Met synthesis. We have found that this regulation occurs at the post-transcriptional level, and further studies have shown that it occurs at post-translationaly. To reveal how oxidative stress affects the flux towards Met and GSH, flux analysis was performed. We have found that the level of Met is significantly reduced, while the level of glutathione significantly increases during stress. Under stress conditions most of the glutathione is converted from GSH to GSSG (the oxidised form of glutathione). These results suggest that under normal growth conditions, Cys is channelled towards both pathways to support GSH accumulation and the synthesis of growth-essential Met metabolites. However, during oxidative stress, when a high level of GSH is required to protect the plants, the levels of GSH increase while those of CGS are reduced. This reduction leaves more Cys available for GSH synthesis under stress conditions. In addition we have also studied the effects of high GSH level on the transcriptome profile. The analysis revealed that GSH affects the expression level of many major genes coding to enzymes or proteins associated with photosynthesis, starch degradation, hormone metabolism (especially genes associated with jasmonate), biotic stress (especially genes associated with PR-proteins), cytochrome P450 genes, regulation of transcription and signaling (especially genes associated with receptor kinases and calcium). These results suggest that indeed GSH levels affect different pathways and metabolites in plants.
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