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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Project Bond"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Project Bond"

Oke, Ayodeji Emmanuel. "Effect of bond administration on construction project delivery." Organization, Technology and Management in Construction: an International Journal 8, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 1390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/otmcj-2016-0001.

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Abstract Construction bond administration involves management of bond issues from inception of obtaining bond from guarantor to the point of release of contractor by the client. This process has posted a lot of challenges to construction stakeholders; it is therefore, necessary to examine the relationship between bond administration and project success. Archival data of completed bonded building projects were gathered through a pro forma developed for this purpose. Using Pearson product moment of correlation, it was revealed that the cost of securing a construction bond has a positive and significant effect on the initial and final costs of the project, while the number of days needed to secure a construction bond has no significant effect on the initial and final durations of the construction project. In order to establish the relationship between project delivery indices of cost and time and the construction bond administration variables, iteration of linear regression was adopted to arrive at the best-fit equation. Factors affecting the cost of securing construction bonds from guarantors should be identified and given adequate attention by construction stakeholders in order to minimize the effect of construction bond administration on project delivery.

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Oke, Ayodeji Emmanuel, and Deji Rufus Ogunsemi. "Structural equation modelling of construction bond administration." Journal of Financial Management of Property and Construction 21, no. 3 (November 7, 2016): 192–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfmpc-02-2016-0008.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine construction bonds, which is a risk management tool for ensuring that projects are delivered successfully, with emphasis on the influence of stakeholders, project characteristics and bonding decision factors. Design/methodology/approach Using case study of completed public building projects, questionnaires were administered on stakeholders that participated in the projects to solicit information on identified issues. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to examine relationship among identified factors, and various model selection and validation tests were carried out to arrive at the best-fit model. Findings The final model revealed that type of bond, stakeholders’ influence, project characteristics, risks of bonded projects and bonding decision factors have significant effect on success of bonded construction projects. Of the stakeholders, guarantors and contractors have greater influence on effective administration of bonds. Research limitations/implications The study was limited to Lagos and Ondo states, Nigeria. Data were gathered from clients of public projects, banks and insurance companies (guarantors), as well as contracting, quantity surveying and architectural firms registered with the state governments. This is because of the fact that only such firms can be engaged on projects emanating from the governments. Practical implications To enhance project success, there is a need to adopt construction bond for both public and private projects as against the current practice where it is only mandated for public projects. Originality/value Using SEM, this research examined administration of construction bonds with a view to ascertaining their effects on projects success, thereby providing relevant empirical information for stakeholders for effective administration of construction bond.

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Muhammed, Usman, Emmanuel Chididebere Eze, John Abel Tsado, and Blessing Okokun. "Assessment of bonds utilisation in the Nigerian construction industry." Independent Journal of Management & Production 10, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 1607. http://dx.doi.org/10.14807/ijmp.v10i5.925.

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Default by contractors in meeting the time and cost performance of a project is usually counterproductive. Considering safety from the high financial burden of construction projects, clients are compelled to seek a level of guarantee in bonds to safeguard them from financial problems and provide incentive for proper and timely completion of the project by the contractor, thereby minimising failures and risks. Therefore, the study assessed the level of bond utilization in Nigerian construction industry, with a view to examining the benefits of its utilisation in construction projects. Survey method was adopted in which questionnaires were used to collect data from respondents. With a response rate of 45.30% (164 of 362), the collected data were analysed using descriptive and analytical scientific method. It was found that the level of bond utilisation in construction contract is high, with performance bond and Advance payment bond being most commonly used construction bond types. Assurance of performance and financial security are the major benefits of bond utilisation. The study recommends that there is need for more enlightenment of construction participants on the various types bond used in construction contracts

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Hutchison, Norman, Graham Squires, Alastair Adair, Jim Berry, Daniel Lo, Stanley McGreal, and Sam Organ. "Financing infrastructure development: time to unshackle the bonds?" Journal of Property Investment & Finance 34, no. 3 (April 4, 2016): 208–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpif-07-2015-0047.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider the merits of using projects bonds to finance infrastructure investment projects and considers the pricing of such bonds and the level of risk premium demanded by the market. Design/methodology/approach – The research used a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods with desk-based study and interviews. Interviews were held with policy makers, local authority staff, planners, developers, investors, fund managers and academics. Infrastructure bond data were obtained from the Bloomberg database on all project bonds issued in four Asian countries – Malaysia, China, Taiwan and India – over the period 2003-2014. Findings – The analysis indicates investor appetite for project bonds and suggests that a risk premium of between 150 and 300 basis points over the comparable government bond is appropriate depending on the sector and the degree of government involvement in underwriting the issue. Practical implications – The paper argues that the introduction of project bonds would be an important innovation, assisting the financing of infrastructure investment at a time when bank lending is likely to remain fragile. The current conditions in the sovereign debt market, where strong demand has forced down yields, has opened up the opportunity to introduce project bonds offering a higher yield to satisfy institutional investment demand for long term fixed income products. Originality/value – The originality of this paper stems from the analysis of the merits of using projects bonds to finance infrastructure investment projects, the pricing of such bonds and the level of risk premium demanded by the market.

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Kim, Soon-Yang. "Policy Suggestions to Improve Social Impact Bond(SIB) in Korea." Korean Association of Governance Studies 32, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 33–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26847/mspa.2022.32.4.33.

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The purpose of this article is to analyze the contemporary situations and underlying problems of the SIB project in Korea, which is in the early stages of implementation, and to suggest the success requirements of the SIB project in the provision of social services. To the end, this article first examined the backgrounds, operation structure, and advantages and limitations of the SIB project, and established the analytical framework to conduct an empirical study. The next chapter delved into the contemporary situations and underlying problems the SIB projects in Korea, with reference to the first SIB project of Seoul Metropolitan City. The first SIB project showed not a few limitations throughout the whole processes of the SIB project enactment. In addition, the UK's Peterborough Prison SIB project, the world's first SIB project, was analyzed to derive some appropriate implications. Finally, based on the implications of the SIB projects in Seoul and Peterborough Prison, this article suggested the requirements for successful introduction of SIB projects in Korea, in line with the eight variables of the analytical framework.

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Смирнов, Сергей, and Андрей Булгаков. "The Efficiency of Environmental Project Financing with Green Bonds in the Energy Sector: Evidence from EU Countries." Journal of Corporate Finance Research / Корпоративные Финансы | ISSN: 2073-0438 16, no. 3 (December 14, 2022): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/j.jcfr.2073-0438.16.3.2022.63-70.

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This paper investigates whether the issue of green bonds by energy companies allows lowering the cost of funding for their environmental projects. We use empirical data on green bond placement in the energy sector and comparable conventional bond yield curves to prove the existence of the green bond yield discount. The sample includes 37 plain vanilla green bond issues and comparable yield curves of EU energy companies for 2017–2020 with total volume EUR 25 bn. We demonstrate that green bonds have a 4.7 bps lower average yield compared to conventional bonds. This green bond discount is statistically significant at a 5% level and does not depend on issue size or debut status of the issue. We draw three main conclusions: (1) energy companies may lower cost of funding by issuing green bonds, making environmental projects more economically attractive, (2) the green bond discount is present for both inaugural and subsequent green bond issues, which makes it reasonable to finance all environmental projects with green bonds, (3) the green bond discount does not depend on the issue size, which makes green bonds an appropriate choice for financing capital-intensive projects.

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Gabor, Daniela, and Jakob Vestergaard. "Chasing unicorns: The European single safe asset project." Competition & Change 22, no. 2 (March 1, 2018): 139–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1024529418759638.

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For the past 20 years, Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) institutions have sought to engineer a single safe asset that would provide a credible store of value for capital market participants. Before 2008, the European Central Bank used shadow banking to create a single safe asset that we term shadow money, and in doing so also erased borders between Euro area government bond markets. Lacking appropriate ECB support, shadow euros could not withstand the pressures of the global financial crisis and brought down several periphery euro government bonds with them. Two new plans, the Capital Markets Union and the Sovereign Bond-Backed Securities, again turn to shadow banking, this time by using securitization to generate an entirely private safe asset or a public–private safe asset. Such plans cannot solve the enduring predicament of EMU’s bond markets architecture: that Member States have competed for investors (liquidity) since the introduction of the euro, betraying a deep hostility towards collective political solutions to the single safe asset problem. Technocratic-led, market-based initiatives need to persuade EMU states that there is little threat to their ability to issue debt in liquid markets. Without ECB interventions, market-based engineering of single safe assets runs the danger of repeatedly destabilizing national bond markets.

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Liana, Vega, and Yusrizal Yusrizal. "Analisis Proses Underwriting pada Produk Kafalah Pembiayaan Surety Bond di PT Penjaminan Jamkrindo Syariah Cabang Medan." El-Mal: Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi & Bisnis Islam 4, no. 1 (August 20, 2022): 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47467/elmal.v4i2.1390.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the Underwriting Process for the Surety Bond Financing Kafalah Product at PT Penjamina Jamkrindo Syariah Medan.This creates a healthy competitive environment between contractors and prevents the emergence of an unfair competition climate, such as monopoly, which may be carried out by principals/contractors with very large sums of money. Equitable regional development across Indonesia may result in a just and successful society, and it is inextricably linked to development projects. In Indonesia, a presidential edict stipulates that any development project procurement must not only satisfy administrative requirements, but also give assurances. PT. Jamkrindo Syariah is one of the insurance businesses that may provide surety bonds. To get a surety bond guarantee, the principal must submit the required papers to PT. Jamkrindo Syariah, which must then go through an underwriting procedure to assess whether the project is feasible. If possible, a policy will be given; otherwise, PT. Jamkrindo Syariah will send the principal a refusal letter. Keywords : Surety Bond, Underwriting

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Tan, Amy, and Yong Shan Juan. "The Bond Project to Promote Family Ties." Journal of Intergenerational Relationships 8, no. 4 (November 24, 2010): 412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15350770.2010.521079.

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Alonso-Conde, Ana-Belén, and Javier Rojo-Suárez. "On the Effect of Green Bonds on the Profitability and Credit Quality of Project Financing." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 18, 2020): 6695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166695.

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The relatively recent green bond market is increasingly attracting interest at the technical, regulatory, and academic research levels. Although a considerable body of research on green bonds focuses on the investor’s perspective, this study takes the perspective of a project finance sponsor to analyze whether there is a direct financial incentive for issuing green bonds in contrast to other types of financing. In order to measure the impact of green bond financing on the profitability and solvency of environmentally friendly investments, we study the sensitivity of the financial performance of a well-established project finance investment—the Sagunto regasification plant—to shifts in its financial structure. In particular, we develop a base case that allows us to study the impact of green financing compared to other financial structures typically used in project finance, under different scenarios. Our results show that in all cases, the internal rate of return (IRR) for shareholders is higher when green bonds instead of bank loans are issued to finance investments. Additionally, in the vast majority of the scenarios, green bond financing results in higher average debt service coverage ratios. Consequently, our results suggest that green bond financing constitutes a strong financial incentive for sponsors, which can help align their objectives with those of public authorities.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Project Bond"

Wieser, Michael Florian. "Transparency in project bond ratings: assessment of rating methodologies and development of a proven rating simulator." Master's thesis, NSBE - UNL, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/11695.

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A Work Project, presented as part of the requirements for the Award of a Masters Degree in Finance from the NOVA – School of Business and Economics
The EU promotes the use of project bonds to develop a solid source for funding infrastructure projects. During an internship with the financial advisory team at UniCredit, the project finance rating methodologies of the major rating agencies were analyzed and a rating simulator was built to gain insights into the main rating drivers. The resulting rating simulator is not able to fully forecast a rating but provides guidance for structuring future projects. After analyzing two case studies, it appears that S&P uses the most comprehensive, Moody’s the most transparent and Fitch the most flexible methodology to rate project finance bonds.

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PATROCINIO, BIANCA NASSER. "CORPORATE BOND X PROJECT BOND: AN ANALYSIS COMPARING THE DEBT TITLES FROM PETROBRAS AND COMPANHIA PETROLÍFERA MARLIM ISSUED IN THE INTERNATIONAL CAPITAL MARKET." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5233@1.

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Este trabalho tem como objetivo inicial apresentar o project bond como um instrumento de financiamento para um project finance. O project bond está baseado no lançamento de bonds (títulos de dívida) especificamente para o financiamento de um projeto, sendo o fluxo de caixa gerado pelo projeto a principal fonte pagadora do empréstimo. Como a estruturação de um project finance envolve a criação de uma SPE (Sociedade de Propósito Específico), é através desta empresa que os bonds são emitidos para financiar um projeto. O project bond pode representar apenas uma parcela da dívida utilizada no project finance, não sendo necessariamente responsável pela totalidade do financiamento do projeto. Uma vez contextualizado este instrumento financeiro, e comparado com outras formas de financiamento, busca-se efetuar uma comparação entre duas emissões de bonds da Petróleo Brasileiro S.A (Petrobras) no mercado internacional: um bond corporativo lançado pela empresa e um project bond emitido por uma SPE para financiamento do Projeto Marlim. O presente trabalho busca ainda verificar se fez diferença para a Petrobras, em termos de custo de dívida, financiar-se no mercado de capitais internacional via bond corporativo ou via project bond e analisar se o mercado internacional avalia de forma diferente o risco de um bond corporativo da Petrobras e o risco de um project bond de um projeto da empresa.
This work has as initial objective to present the project bond as a financing instrument for a project finance. The project bond is based on the bonds issue (debt titles) specifically for the financing of a project, being the cash flow generated by the project the main source payer of the loan. As the structuring of a project finance involves the creation of a SPC (Specific Propose Company), it is through this company, that the bonds is issued to finance a project. The project bond can represent a portion of the debt just used in the project finance, not being necessarily responsible for the totality of the financing of the project. After comparing this product with other financing products, it is make a comparison among two emissions of bonds from Petróleo Brasileiro S.A (Petrobras) in the international market: a corporate bond issued by the company and a project bond issued by a SPC to finance the Marlim Project. The present study still try to verify if it made difference for Petrobras, in terms of debt cost, to be financed at the international capital market through corporate bond or through project bond and to analyze if the international market evaluates in a different way the risk of a corporate bond of Petrobras and the risk of a project bond of a Petrobras project.

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Maimone, Mara. "Il mercato dei project bond: un'analisi empirica nel caso dei paesi in via di sviluppo." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/200761.

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Le operazioni di project finance fra storia antica e rivisitazione moderna. Le fasi del project finance. Le fonti di finanziamento nel project finance. L'utilizzo del project finance nei paesi in via di sviluppo.

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Mckellar, Junior Tem C. "Re-framing risk transfer to assess integrative partnership opportunities: the S.A.R. approach and the AIG/BID/CNO regional surety bond facility of 2007." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/6883.

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Submitted by Paulo Junior (paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-07-13T21:05:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 TEM C McKellar.pdf: 2642159 bytes, checksum: 27d9797cab7b12330cb84b7cf9a3bad0 (MD5)
Approved for entry into archive by Paulo Junior(paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2010-07-13T21:06:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 TEM C McKellar.pdf: 2642159 bytes, checksum: 27d9797cab7b12330cb84b7cf9a3bad0 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2010-07-14T12:35:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TEM C McKellar.pdf: 2642159 bytes, checksum: 27d9797cab7b12330cb84b7cf9a3bad0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-30
The identification, allocation and management of project risks are major concerns to in establishing and administering public-private partnerships (PPP). Consequently managers of public entities, development banks, construction companies and insurers are studying and employing many techniques to address the assessment and management of project risks. Risk transfer is a hallmark of the purported benefits provided by PPP, yet due to contractual and conceptual realities, the public party (the ceding entity) almost always remains the ultimate risk bearer. Consequently, public party retains an enduring interest in the overall management of these ceded risks. This dissertation explores shortcomings of the common approaches to conceptualizing risk management in the context of a PPP. By focusing the concepts of interdependence and mutuality and using the decision to transfer project risk, this dissertation frames the decision to transfer risk in terms of: the interdependent realities of systemic relationships, broadens the technical concepts of risk and risk assessment and considers the reflective use of differences in perspective to analyze the case study. The author explores these concepts in an analysis of decision of a risk manager of the Brazilian construction company Construtora Norberto Odebrecht to design an innovative surety bond facility with the Inter-American Development Bank (BID) and an insurer, the American International Group (AIG), a deal which won recognition as Trade Finance Magazine’s 2007 deal of the year. The author argues that by framing risk transfer in terms of the organization’s systemic disposition, technical assessment and reflective dynamics, one may identify and create more opportunities to engage in successful long-term relationships in ways that current PPP literature does not yet address. The results should provide contributions for future research into project risk transfer, inter-organizational cooperation and potential project partner selection.
Identificar, compartilhar e gerenciar os riscos de contratar são preocupações que impedem o estabelicmento e a administração das Parcerias Públicos Particulares (PPP). Porem, gerentes das entidades públicas, bancos de formento, construtoras e seguradoras pesquisam e utilizam muitas técnicas para enfrentar a avaliação e gerenciamento dos riscos. A transferência de risco é uma indicação dos chamados benefícios que são inspirados pelos PPP, contudo devido às realidades contratuais e conceptuais, a entidade de cede o risco (o partido público) permanece quase sempre como o portador final do risco. Conseqüentemente, o partido público retem um interesse de resistência na gerência total destes riscos cedidos. Esta dissertação explora alguns defeitos das aproximações comuns a conceituar a gestão de risco no contexto de um PPP. Focalizando os conceitos da interdependência e da reciprocidade e usando na decisão para transferir o risco do projeto, esta dissertação molda a decisão para transferir o risco nos termos das realidades interdependentes de relacionamentos sistemáticos, alargam os conceitos técnicos do risco e da avaliação de risco, considerando o uso reflexivo das diferenças na analise de um estudo de caso. O autor explora estes conceitos em uma análise da decisão de um gerente de risco da empresa de construção civil brasileira Construtora Norberto Odebrecht (ODB) para projetar uma facilidade inovadora da ligação de garantia com Inter-American Development Bank (BID) e uma seguradora, American International Group (AIG), um negócio que ganhe o reconhecimento Trade Finance Magazine’s 2007 deal of the year. O autor mostra que por compreender a transferência de risco nos termos abordados nesta dissertação, um atore que transfere o risco pode identificar e criar mais oportunidades de estabelecer relacionamentos em longo prazo, através dos processos que a literatura atual do PPP ainda não considere. Os resultados devem fornecer contribuições para a pesquisas sobre a transferência do risco do projeto, na cooperação entre organizações e na seleção do sócio do projeto do potencial.

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Błaszczyk, Dominika. "Edward Bond: Moře - komplexní kostýmní projekt." Master's thesis, Akademie múzických umění v Praze.Divadelní fakulta. Knihovna, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-172951.

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In the first chapter of my master's thesis, I consider the life and works of Edward Bond. However, rather than approach this topic from a purely chronological perspective, I consider Bond's unique artistic activity and place it in its critical and historical context. My research emphasizes the significance of Bond's artistic activity in the successful fight against censorship in British theatre. My second chapter explores the idea of 'cool drama.' In this section I utilize commentary from preeminent dramatists in the 1990s who spoke about Bond's pervading cultural influence. I also outline my own views on 'brutal drama' and consider its influence. The third chapter of my work focuses on Bond's 1973 drama 'The Sea,' including the origins of the text, its historical context, and the main dramatic problems of the work. Here I also delve into a summary and analysis of the text, not only from a historical perspective, but also according to my own interpretive analysis. This chapter further contains a cataloging of international productions of 'The Sea', as well as original theoretical analysis of two performances produced in the Czech Republic. I examine and contrast these two productions from the perspective of direction, space, and costume design. In chapter four, I present the practical part of my work while laying out and defending the intellectual and creative concepts behind it. This chapter is divided into several sections. In section A, I present my key interpretive themes, meticulously analyzing the issues and illuminating the way in which they are reflected in my work. I also present the historical background and analysis of my main ideas. I continue in chapter four with a presentation of the sources that were essential influences for the visual elements of my work. I follow with a detailed description of how these sources served as particular artistic solutions in my creative process. I closely analyze their particular dramatic characters, their development and their interactions. I describe the costumes and carefully outline their concrete qualities, such as their materials, colors, silhouettes, movement, and historical elements, all of which are supported with visual attachments. Following this, I consider the search for space of dramatic quality, as well as the overall perception and treatment of particular scenes. I explain each dramatic situation and support it with photographs. The introduction and conclusion contain the opening and final thesis, and I provide an overarching reflection of the work's quality and importance. I conclude the work with a message of gratitude to those who supported me during this project, as well as a list of my research sources.

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Murphy, Jill Marie. "Translingual literature: The bone people and Borderlands." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2005. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2755.

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This thesis proposes that by producing and existing within a translingual text, the ethnofeminist has found a way to subvert others' construction of her and redefine her identity. In particular, the ethnofeminist uses code switching to select and reinvent meaning from the language system of the dominant culture while maintaining the language system of the "marginal" group. In combining two (or more) language systems within a literature she has created her own language.

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Namekata, James Shigeo. "A lower bound for the cyclic cutwidth of the n-cube." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1999. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1847.

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DeLong, David Blane. "A web-based, database bound, WYSIWYG development environment for web applications." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2004. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2580.

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This project, WebAppDesigner, combines a "What You See Is What You Get" (WYSISYG) web page designer, database table designer, query tool, and an automatic deployment process into a single easy to use solution for small businesses and individuals.

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Sithole, Londa Leon Zinhle. "Using project bonds to fund South Africa's infrastructure development." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28985.

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The growing use of project bonds in funding infrastructure globally deserves attention. Although primarily dominated by the developed markets, emerging markets such as Latin America and Asia have also been successful in using project bonds to finance their infrastructure projects. The project bond market in South Africa remains insignificant, with only a few episodic issuances in the last decade. Given the size of the country's capital markets, institutional investor base and experience with project finance transactions; one would expect the country to have a sizeable project bond market. This paper aims to investigate whether or not South Africa has the capacity to use project bonds to fund its infrastructure development. As government finances take strain, and as bank funding becomes unavailable due to Basel III, South Africa will need to look to the capital markets for the funding of its ambitious infrastructure plan. This paper finds that South Africa should begin to use project bonds and capital markets to fund its infrastructure development. However, more needs to be done on the regulatory and legal side to ensure that the country continues to attract foreign investment for infrastructure development.

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Nanayakkara, Madurika. "Green bonds : Do they bring sustainability to environmentally friendly projects?" Thesis, Federation University Australia, 2018. http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/169217.

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This study was motivated by the urgent requirement to scale up the global green bond (GB) market to meet the trillion-dollar financial requirement of environmental resilience projects worldwide, and by the absence of prior scientific investigations to determine solutions to the GB market’s problems from different perspectives. Three empirical studies were conducted to provide a holistic view of the GB market. The first study investigated the perception gaps of different stakeholders in the GB market in terms of assessing the ‘greenness’ of projects funded through GBs, investors’ expectations of GB investments, and the factors hindering the growth of the GB market. A qualitative method was employed with document review, followed by interviews, a questionnaire survey and peer debriefing. The study found that both the demand and supply sides of the GB market are inadequate to meet the world’s green investment requirements. The main obstacles hindering the market growth are fear for greenwashing, definitions that lack clarity, the absence of large-scale issues, and the high costs associated with complex reporting processes and third-party certifications. The second study assessed the influence of GB principles on investor demand for GBs, using global GBs issued for the period 2007 to 2016. Bid–ask spread and yield spread were used to measure the investor demand. The results indicated a significant positive relationship between the degree of compliance and investor demand. The third study compared the credit spreads of corporate GBs and conventional bonds, measured by option-adjusted spread daily data for the period 2016 to 2017 worldwide. Hybrid method of panel data regression was employed to analyse the data, and found that GBs are traded at a premium in the world market, compared with conventional bonds. This thesis suggests several policy implications based on the findings of these studies to scale up the GB market as a new source of financing.
Doctor of Philosophy

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Книги з теми "Project Bond"

Public Art Development Trust (London, England), ed. The Thames archive project: Henry Bond Angela Bulloch. London: Public Art Development Trust, 2000.

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Dailami, Mansoor. Contract risks and credit spread determinants in the international project bond market. Washington, D.C: World Bank, World Bank Institute, Governance, Regulation, and Finance Division, 2001.

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United States. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. Division of Engineering and Environmental Review., ed. Draft environmental impact statement for hydropower licensing: Bond Falls project. Washington, D.C. (888 First Street, NE, Washington, 20426): Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Office of Energy Projects, Division of Environmental and Engineering Review, 2001.

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United States. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. Division of Engineering and Environmental Review., ed. Final environmental impact statement for hydropower licensing: Bond Falls project. Washington, D.C. (888 First Street, NE, Washington, 20426): Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Office of Energy Projects, Division of Environmental and Engineering Review, 2002.

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Dailami, Mansoor. The emerging project bond market: Covenant provisions and credit spreads. Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2003.

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Hume, Ellen. Restoring the bond: Connecting campaign coverage to voters : a report of the campaign lessons for '92 project. Cambridge, Mass: Joan Shorenstein Barone Center on the Press, Politics and Public Policy, John F. Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 1991.

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Control, New York (State) Dept of Audit and. Department of Environmental Conservation: 1986 Environmental Quality Bond Act project management procedures for inactive hazardous waste site cleanup. [Albany, N.Y.]: Office of the State Comptroller, 1988.

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New York (State). Dept. of Audit and Control. Department of Environmental Conservation, 1986 Environmental Quality Bond Act project management procedures for inactive hazardous waste site cleanup. [Albany, N.Y: The Office, 1988.

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Rossi, Emanuele, and Rok Stepic. Infrastructure Project Finance and Project Bonds in Europe. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137524041.

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l'entrepreneurship, Fondation de, ed. Comment trouver son idée d'entreprise: Découvrez les bons filons. Montréal: Transcontinental, 1992.

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Частини книг з теми "Project Bond"

Rossi, Emanuele, and Rok Stepic. "The Europe 2020 Project Bond Initiative." In Infrastructure Project Finance and Project Bonds in Europe, 63–79. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137524041_5.

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Rossi, Emanuele, and Rok Stepic. "Bank Conventional Lending versus Project Bond Solution." In Infrastructure Project Finance and Project Bonds in Europe, 52–62. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137524041_4.

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Trevennor, Alan. "Project 1: Good Evening, Mr. Bond: Your Secret Panel." In Practical AVR Microcontrollers, 195–212. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-4447-9_8.

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Trevennor, Alan. "Project 1: Good Evening, Mr. Bond: Your Secret Panel." In Experimenting with AVR Microcontrollers, 1–23. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-0902-8_1.

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Owusu-Manu, De-Graft, Caleb Debrah, Prince Antwi-Afari, and David John Edwards. "Barriers of Project Bond Initiatives in Infrastructure Financing in Ghana." In The Construction Industry in the Fourth Industrial Revolution, 12–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26528-1_2.

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Bache, Jens. "The VP Project (1981–1983): Dematerializing Millions of Danish Bond Certificates." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 263–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17145-6_28.

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Vecchi, Veronica, Francesca Casalini, and Stefano Gatti. "Attracting Private Investors: The EU Project Bond Initiative and the Case of A11 Motorway." In Public Private Partnerships for Infrastructure and Business Development, 101–18. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137541482_6.

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Consoli, Sergio, Luca Tiozzo Pezzoli, and Elisa Tosetti. "Information Extraction From the GDELT Database to Analyse EU Sovereign Bond Markets." In Mining Data for Financial Applications, 55–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66981-2_5.

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AbstractIn this contribution we provide an overview of a currently on-going project related to the development of a methodology for building economic and financial indicators capturing investor’s emotions and topics popularity which are useful to analyse the sovereign bond markets of countries in the EU.These alternative indicators are obtained from the Global Data on Events, Location, and Tone (GDELT) database, which is a real-time, open-source, large-scale repository of global human society for open research which monitors worlds broadcast, print, and web news, creating a free open platform for computing on the entire world’s media. After providing an overview of the method under development, some preliminary findings related to the use case of Italy are also given. The use case reveals initial good performance of our methodology for the forecasting of the Italian sovereign bond market using the information extracted from GDELT and a deep Long Short-Term Memory Network opportunely trained and validated with a rolling window approach to best accounting for non-linearities in the data.

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Webb, N. L., Daniel J. Heck, and William F. Tate. "The Urban Mathematics Collaborative Project." In Bold Ventures, 245–360. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0339-5_4.

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Webb, Norman L., Daniel J. Heck, and William F. Tate. "The Urban Mathematics Collaborative Project." In Bold Ventures, 245–360. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-7111-3_4.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Project Bond"

Takahashi, Koji, Yasuo Kasugai, and Takeo Kondo. "Smooth Redemption Policy of Port Facilities in Case of Ocean Space Utilization." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41026.

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The ports of the world are operated by port authorities. The systems for establishing port facilities are roughly classified into two types depending on their sources of revenue. In the first type of system (used mainly for channels, breakwaters, berths, etc.), the national/local government and the port authority share the cost of construction. In the second type of system (used for cargo handling facilities, reclaimed lands, etc.), the port authority alone raises funds through a port-related bond-financed project and issues bonds. One characteristic of such bond-financed projects is that the costs of operating the facility and redeeming the bonds are funded through usage fees for the ground and profit from the sale of reclaimed land. Port authorities now require a smooth redemption policy for bonds issued in the past. However, port authorities have found it difficult to choose between having to raise usage fees and land prices high enough to enable smooth redemption in bond-financed projects on the one hand and having to reduce usage fees and land prices to reinforce international competitiveness in port logistics on the other. Unless a solution to this problem is found quickly, the finances of port authorities may become even more constrained, given the rising trend in port construction costs due to the risks of disasters such as earthquakes and due to growing interest rates. This is because prior investments are required for the construction of port facilities that takes a long time (between 5 and 10 years) and usage fees and profits from the sale of land must be suppressed to low levels because of political pressure. This will lead to larger bond issues and therefore a greater necessity for a smooth redemption policy of port facilities in the case of ocean space utilization. The authors first describe the structure of port management in the world, and analyze the financial situation of port authorities. Next, the authors point out that as the capital, maintenance, and management costs of port facilities grow in response to large-scale natural disasters, which exceed existing assumptions, and other factors, port authorities are being forced to take measures to address this. Lastly, the authors argue that public incentive assistance to shipping companies and logistics companies can effectively address the conflicting demands of reinforcing international competitiveness, strengthening disaster restoration capabilities, and enabling the smooth redemption of bonds in bond-financed projects.

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Yao, Yongtao, Andrew Alderson, Kim Lesley Alderson, and Jinsong Leng. "Modelling of the Structure-Property Relationships in Auxetic Nanotube." In ASME 2012 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2012-8194.

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In this project, fully generalised analytical expressions for longitudinal Young’s modulus are developed for zigzag Single-Walled Nanotubes (SWNTs), based on a hexagonal honeycomb motif, using an energy equivalent approach. Honeycomb geometry (bond lengths and angles), and bond-stretch and bond-angle force constants are considered as variable parameters and deformation is assumed due to simultaneous bond stretching and bond angle variation in response to an applied axial load. A parametric study is then performed to explore the structure-property relationships in auxetic (negative Poisson’s ratio) nanotube.

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Turner, Trey N., and Abhimanyu Kumar. "Explosion Response of Cold Bond Corrosion Repairs Applied to Offshore Living Quarters." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95810.

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Abstract Maintaining the integrity of an aging offshore facility often requires the repair of corrosion. With advances in adhesive technology, epoxy adhesives (cold bond repairs) are increasingly being adopted to repair corrosion damage on offshore structures. Structural elements, protection barriers, and occupied buildings, for example a platform living quarters, designated as safety critical often must comply with project or facility performance standards that specify minimum design accidental loading (e.g., from fire, explosions, or impact). In addition to satisfying conventional structural design criteria, a corrosion repaired structure must also perform within acceptable limits when subjected to accidental loads. The present study outlines approaches to assess the performance of cold bond repairs subjected to accidental explosion loads. The living quarters considered in this study featured approximately 50 individual cold bond repairs; each arbitrarily located over the building’s external surfaces. Under accidental blast conditions, failure of a cold bond repair was deemed unacceptable due to the threat of pressure leakage into the building’s interior. As such, the study demanded an analysis capable of considering both the global response of the living quarters as well as the local response of cold bond repairs. There have been several studies conducted by researchers around the globe to evaluate the response characteristics of adhesive bonds. However, these studies are largely focused on experimental, local, and micromechanical analysis of adhesively bonded materials. Numerical analysis of adhesive bonds, for purposes of global structural system response assessments, especially in the case of accidental loading, appear to be nonexistent in available literature. Inspired by this gap, we present a case study involving an assessment of global structural performance of a living quarters building repaired with cold bond adhesives subject to loading due to accidental and rare events. In this study, the local behavior of cold bond adhesives was calibrated using numerical simulations of the ASTM tests specified by the adhesive vendor. The calibrated properties were implemented in finite element analyses used to validate cold bond seal plate repairs at various locations on the living quarters building. The study includes a discussion about the methods and approaches used to model cold bond repairs in a practical and efficient manner. The approach outlined herein provides a useful framework that can be adapted to similar assessments by a practicing engineer responsible for blast analysis of marine structures.

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Haynes, Mark, Chih-Hang John Wu, B. Terry Beck, Naga Narendra B. Bodapati, and Robert J. Peterman. "Prestressing Steel Reinforcement Wire Bond Index Number." In 2013 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2013-2422.

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The purpose of this research project is to develop a mathematical model that predicts the bond strength of a prestressing steel reinforcement wire given the known geometrical features of the wire. The geometrical features of the reinforcement wire were measured by a precision non-contact profilometer. With this mathematical model, prestressing reinforcement wires can now be analyzed for their bond strength without destructive testing. This mathematical model has the potential to serve as a quality control assessment in reinforcement wire production. In addition this mathematical model will provide insight into which reinforcement wires provide the greatest bond strength and which combinations of geometrical features of the reinforcement wire are responsible for providing the bond strength. A precision non-contact profilometer has been developed to measure the important geometrical features of the reinforcement wire. The profilometer is capable of sub-micron resolution measurements to provide an extremely high quality three-dimensional rendering of the reinforcement wire surface profile. From this detailed profile data it is then possible to extract all of the relevant geometrical features of the reinforcement wire. A mathematical model has been created by testing a variety of different reinforcement wires available in the market. By correlating the transfer length of concrete prisms made with the reinforcement wires to various geometrical features, several different levels of mathematical correlation complexity have been investigated. The current empirical correlation models under development are first order and combine three to four unique geometrical features of the reinforcement wire which then act as predictors of the concrete prism transfer length. The resulting mathematical model relating the wire geometrical features to transfer length is referred to as the Bond Index Number (BIN). The BIN is shown to provide a numerical measure of the bond strength of prestressing steel reinforcement wire, without the need for performing destructive tests with the reinforcement wire.

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Jian, Shengqi, Cheng Yin, Luc Rolland, and Lesley James. "Five Bar Planar Manipulator Simulation and Analysis by Bond Graph." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37602.

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This work focuses on the bond graph modelling method and its application on multi-body system, especially on the five-bar parallel robot. Five-bar parallel robot is comprised of four arms, two revolute actuators and five revolute joints. This paper adopts five-bar parallel robot in symmetric configuration as simulation object. As it will be used as a pickup and placing machine, its workspace is fixed on Cartesian coordinate. The relationship between the two rotating angles and end effector’s desire position is built by inverse kinematics. Bond graph is used to describe moment, torque, velocity, angle relationships. In this project, the dynamic performances between arms, motors at robot basement and end effector will be researched. In this paper, an investigation about how to use bond graph to model DC (direct current) servo motor and an integrated motion control system is carried out. During a typical end effector point-point displacement, the torque change between arms is plotted. Finally, 3-D animation experiment is conducted. Experiment results show that bond graph can simulate robot dynamics performance without having to make a large number of equations. It is able to simulate and solve five-bar kinematics problem in the process.

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Holste, Joseph R., Robert J. Peterman, Naga Narendra B. Bodapati, B. Terry Beck, and Chih-Hang John Wu. "Transfer Bond Test Used to Predict Transfer Length of Concrete Railroad Ties." In ASME 2013 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2013-4726.

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A study was conducted at Kansas State University to determine the correlation between tensioned-wire pullout tests and the corresponding transfer lengths in prestressed concrete railroad ties. Five different 5.32-mm-diameter pre-stressing wires were selected to be used on this project based on previous testing conducted at Kansas State University (KSU). The wires were tested to simulate the transfer-length bond. The transfer-length bond test involved tensioning each of the wires to 75% of their ultimate capacity, casting concrete around each wire and then de-tensioning the wire when the concrete had reached 4,500 psi. End-slip and force measurements were recorded on both sides of the specimen as the wire was de-tensioned. Transfer bond data was used to investigate the transfer length that each wire type would expect to see in a concrete railroad tie. Prisms with each wire type were cast and the transfer length was measured for each type of wire. Prism measurements were used along with the transfer bond data to correlate a relation between the transfer bond test and the transfer lengths of the prisms.

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Bach, Fr W., K. Mohwald, L. Engl, and T. Duda. "Roughness Enhancement of HVOF Sprayed MCrAlY Bond Coatings for Adhesion Improvement of Ceramic Top Layers." In ITSC2006, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, R. S. Lima, and J. Voyer. ASM International, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2006p0649.

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Abstract High velocity oxyfuel flame spraying (HVOF) has a great potential for replacing the low pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) process in most applications for hot corrosion protective MCrAlY coatings for turbine hot gas path parts. Compared to LPPS coatings, state-of-the-art HVOF sprayed MCrAlY coating systems feature competitive hot corrosion protective properties. Low HVOF facilities investment costs and a stable, easy process controlling are major advantages in terms of application. Besides hot corrosion protective single layers, MCrAlY coating systems are used as bond coats for ceramic thermal barrier coatings (TBC). But HVOF sprayed MCrAlY coatings show a comparatively low surface roughness which leads to a poor adhesion of the ceramic top layer, restricting the application area of HVOF. This paper deals with a development project which aims on roughness enhancement of HVOF sprayed MCrAlY coatings in order to improve the bonding properties of the TBC. In the project’s framework, several HVOF systems and different powders were investigated. Parameter sets were developed considering both a high surface roughness and and a low level of defects in the coating.

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Pint, Bruce A., Padraig Stack, and Kenneth A. Kane. "Predicting EBC Temperature Limits for Industrial Gas Turbines." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59408.

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Abstract Higher turbine inlet temperatures may require the use of ceramic matrix composites (CMC) such as SiC/SIC, which require environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) to protect them against the detrimental effect of water vapor. The goal of this project is to determine the maximum bond coating temperature for EBCs for land-based turbines, where the minimum coating lifetime is 25,000 h. If the temperature exceeds the 1414°C melting point of the Si bond coating, then coatings without a bond coating also need to be evaluated. Thus, current Yb2Si2O7 EBCs with a Si bond coating and next-generation EBCs without a Si bond coating are being evaluated in laboratory testing using 1-h cycles in air+90%H2O. For this initial work, coatings were deposited on CVD SiC coupons. Reaction kinetics at 1250°, 1300° and 1350°C have been evaluated by measuring the thickness of the thermally grown silica scale after 100–500 h exposures. For comparison, scale growth rates for uncoated SiC and Si specimens in dry and wet environments were included as minimum and maximum values, respectively. Based on a critical scale thickness failure criteria, estimated maximum temperatures were calculated for both EBC systems using this initial data.

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Ogden, Brent D. "The Altamont Corridor Rail Project Joint Use Corridor." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36138.

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The Altamont Rail Corridor Project will develop a new dedicated regional passenger rail link within Northern California for joint use by regional intercity and commuter trains connecting between the northern San Joaquin Valley and the Bay Area as well as statewide intercity trains fully compatible with the 200+ mph system being developed by the California High-Speed Rail Authority (the Authority). The corridor, which follows portions of the transcontinental railway, is presently served by the Altamont Commuter Express (ACE) operated by the San Joaquin Regional Rail Commission (the Commission) and is eligible to receive California High-Speed Rail bond funds. The Authority and Commission have signed a Memorandum of Understanding to jointly develop the project which will greatly improve the existing service by providing a new dedicated passenger line separate from the Union Pacific Railroad over which the current ACE service operates. The strategic geographic location of the corridor within the Northern California network allows operation of a wide variety of services through Altamont Pass including commuter trains to the Bay Area, intercity corridor trains and regional intercity trains between Sacramento and San Jose` with the possibility that high-speed “bullet” trains from the statewide network could ultimately operate along the route. Although the shared-use potential broadens interest in the project, concomitant planning challenges include identifying workable, cost-effective solutions to incrementally develop the 80+ mile corridor over time while migrating the service presently provided by standard heavyweight diesel locomotive-drawn consists to a fully electrified, grade separated operation capable of supporting operation of 220+ mph lightweight trainsets.

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DUBON, JULIETTE, GONZALO SEISDEDOSMARIANA ONTIVEROS, MARIANA ONTIVEROS, BENJAMIN BOESL, and DWAYNE MCDANIEL. "BOND QUALITY EVALUATION USING ADHESIVE DOPED WITH MAGNETO-ELECTRIC NANOPARTICLES." In Thirty-sixth Technical Conference. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/asc36/35876.

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Adhesive bonding for composite structures offers multiple advantages over mechanical fasteners. Although the use of adhesive bonding has increased in the aerospace industry, it has still not replaced mechanical fasteners due to it being harder to inspect for damage after being manufactured/assembled, causing unreliability. Therefore, intensive quality control is needed while manufacturing to avoid weak bonds or any type of imperfection at the adhesive-adherend interface. To ensure the reliability of an adhesive bond, this project focuses on the advancement of a non-invasive field tool for adhesive quality evaluation. The tool developed is based on a B-H looper system, which can approximate the quality of an epoxy-based adhesive containing magneto-electric nanoparticles (MENs) by detecting changes in electric fields at the molecular level. Epoxy based adhesive samples containing 5 vol. % of MENs were manufactured and then scanned using the B-H looper system to correlate their magnetic signature as a function of curing time. It was determined that the magnetic signal converged between curing hours 10 and 12, indicating proper curing. Plain adhesive dogbone samples were used to determine the maximum tensile stress of the adhesive as a function of curing time, which also started converging at around the same curing hours until reaching ~41 MPa. Additionally, the evolution of the glass transition temperature of the adhesive was evaluated during the first curing hours. Convergence began at a curing time of 10 hours until reaching ~137 ⁰ C for fully cured samples. B-H looper magnetic signatures, tensile stresses testing, and glass transition temperatures were all correlated indicating a fully cured adhesive sample between 10 and 12 curing hours. These studies demonstrate the capabilities of the B-H looper system as a non-invasive inspection tool for adhesive quality.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Project Bond"

Puongsopol, Kosintr, Shu Tian, and Satoru Yamadera. Developing the Sustainable Bond Market in ASEAN+3: Challenges and Opportunities. Asian Development Bank, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/brf220537.

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This brief highlights the potential for developing sustainable bond markets in the ASEAN+3 region and suggests ways forward. It notes that renewable energy and energy efficiency are seen as promising sectors for the development of green bonds. It suggests how policymakers and development partners can help expand the issuer base and increase local demand for sustainable bonds, increase project bankability, and create an enabling ecosystem.

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Outes Velarde, Juliana, Srinithya Nagarajan, Eleanor Carter, Michael Gibson, and Ruairi Macdonald. INDIGO Impact Bond Insights. Government Outcomes Lab, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-golab-ri_2022/002.

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Our International Network on Data for Impact and Government Outcomes – INDIGO – is an emerging data collaborative where different organisations share their data on a voluntary basis with the goal of advancing knowledge on outcomes-based partnerships. As part of this initiative, we host an Impact Bond Dataset that collects data on impact bond projects from all over the world. Every six months, we take stock of the new additions and offer a snapshot of the global landscape of impact bond projects.2 The first section describes the distribution of impact bond projects across countries and regions. A series of data visualisations show which countries are leading the way on a number of dimensions of scale, including the number of projects, the number of actual or expected service users, and how much upfront capital they raised. This section also provides a description of the new additions to our dataset since December 2021 and a summary of the new data about international impact bonds, those projects where the outcome funder is a foreign organisation. The second section is focused on the African region. Using the data from the Impact Bond Dataset and other evaluation reports, we provide a comprehensive summary of the different impact bond projects that delivered or are delivering a service in Africa. Finally, building on the data from our new pipeline dataset, we summarise the main trends from the outcomes ecosystem in the region. Our pipeline dataset collects data on upcoming outcomes-based instruments, such as social impact bonds, outcomes funds, payment-by-result projects and other types of outcomes-based tools. This report uses data as of 12 July 2022. The Impact Bond Dataset is open to any policymaker, researcher or data enthusiast who is interested in impact bonds projects.

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Tian, Shu. Primer on Social Bonds and Recent Developments in Asia. Asian Development Bank, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/spr210045-2.

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Innovative financial instruments to support more inclusive development have emerged in recent years. These include social bonds designed to raise proceeds for projects with positive social outcomes. Social bonds can help Asia meet its long-term objectives in line with the Sustainable Development Goals and also facilitate the transition to a more inclusive economic recovery from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This publication explains why social bond market development is vital to financing the sustainable recovery of Asia from the pandemic. It also outlines salient barriers to social bond market development in the region and potential solutions to overcome them.

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Outes Velarde, Juliana, Eleanor Carter, and Ruairi Macdonald. INDIGO Impact Bond Insights. Government Outcomes Lab, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-golab-ri_2021/001.

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This report is part of the GO Lab-supported International Network for Data on Impact and Government Outcomes (INDIGO). This report reflects on the general landscape of impact bond projects across the world. The first section analyses the countries leading the way with impact bonds in a number of categories and it also examines the distribution of projects across different policy sectors. The second section provides an overview of international impact bonds - projects where at least one of the outcome payers is located in a different country to the location of service delivery. It presents key statistics on international impact bonds, and analyses their distribution across policy areas and geographies. The last section features the projects of the Life Chances Fund. This report uses data as of 01 July 2021.

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Outes Velarde, Juliana, Harry Bregazzi, Srinithya Nagarajan, Ozioma Paul, Andreea Anastasiu, and Eleanor Carter. INDIGO Impact Bond Insights. Government Outcomes Lab, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-golab-ri_2023/001.

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This is the fourth in a series of biannual insights reports on the adoption of impact bond models globally. For this edition, we present a special section on education projects. This report is intended to be accessible and useful to researchers, practitioners and any other person with an interest in the state of-the-art of social impact bond projects. It also aims at providing a better understanding of the latest developments of the impact bond ecosystem and where the new trends are emerging.

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Outes Velarde, Juliana, Tanyah Hameed Khan, Mara Airoldi, Eleanor Carter, Michael Gibson, and James Ruairi Macdonald. INDIGO Impact Bond Insights. Government Outcomes Lab, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-golab-ri_2022/001.

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This report is part of the Government Outcomes Lab (GO Lab)-supported International Network for Data on Impact and Government Outcomes (INDIGO). The report aims to reflect the key statistics of the Impact Bond Dataset. We acknowledge that our data may be inaccurate, incomplete, inconsistent, and/ or not current for various reasons: INDIGO is a collaborative and iterative initiative that mostly relies on projects all over the world volunteering to share their data. In case of missing, incorrect or inaccurate data, please get in touch with us and our team will immediately rectify our dataset.

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Cavallo, Eduardo A., Eduardo Borensztein, and Pablo Pereira Dos Santos. Infrastructure Bonds. The Case of Brazil. Inter-American Development Bank, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004223.

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Debntures Incentivadas or incentivized bonds are securities first issued in 2012 whose interest and capital gains enjoy income tax exemption conditional on using funds to finance infrastructure expenditures. They have a minimum duration at issuance of four years, are denominated in reais and traded in local markets under national jurisdiction. In US dollar terms, the value of bonds issued reached a peak of $9.5 billion in 2019, and the overall number of bonds since inception of the program exceeds 400. The amount of infrastructure bonds issued every year rivals BNDES loans in terms of the total amounts of financing of infrastructure projects. The Brazilian experience with creating a market for incentivized bonds can be useful to other countries in the region seeking to develop long-term financing markets in local currency to finance infrastructure.

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Brown, Ian. Final Report for completed IPP Project:"Development of Plasma Ablation for Soft Tissue and Bone Surgery". Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/974310.

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Andrawes, Bassem, Ernesto Perez Claros, and Zige Zhang. Bond Characteristics and Experimental Behavior of Textured Epoxy-coated Rebars Used in Concrete Bridge Decks. Illinois Center for Transportation, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-001.

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The deterioration of bridge decks is a problem typically associated with the corrosion of the reinforcing steel. This issue was partially controlled during the 1970s with the incorporation of the epoxy-coating protection system. However, research later demonstrated that the smooth surface resulting from the epoxy-coating application reduces most of the friction between the rebar and the surrounding concrete. Consequently, forces acting on the rib faces are reconfigured in such a way that the radial components increase, triggering the early development of cracks. To mitigate both the reduction of bonding and the formation of cracks, the Illinois Department of Transportation proposed a new type of coated bars: textured epoxy-coated (TEC) bars. Over the last few years, different projects have been executed to understand and improve the characteristics of TEC rebars. This report is a continuation of research performed at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign to evaluate the bond behavior of TEC bars. The experimental program starts by characterizing, qualitatively and quantitatively, the roughness of the TEC rebars. Next, their bond-slip interaction embedded in concrete is evaluated through pull-out tests. Finite element models of these tests are developed to validate the behavior observed as the textured reinforcement loses anchorage with concrete. Based on these results, the experimental program then aims to study the impact of the drying shrinkage, temperature change, and flexural demands on two large-scale bridge deck specimens reinforced, individually, with TEC and standard epoxy-coated bars. The results collected from both specimens using digital image correlation and strain gauges are compared to explore the differences exhibited by the traditional and the new type of reinforcement coatings in terms of stress distribution in bridge decks. Finally, given the specialized equipment and time-consuming procedure needed to calculate the roughness parameters of TEC bars, an empirical, weight-based approach is developed as a rapid method for assessing the rebars’ roughness on-site.

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Kreycik, C., and J. Couglin. Financing Public Sector Projects with Clean Renewable Energy Bonds; Fact Sheet Series on Financing Renewable Energy Projects, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/969893.

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