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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Production economic theory"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 29 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Production economic theory"

Dlouhý, Martin. "Alternative Production Models in Economic Theory." Acta Oeconomica Pragensia 19, no. 5 (August 1, 2011): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/j.aop.345.

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Kuregyan., S. "HUMAN AND ECONOMIC THEORY." Экономическая наука сегодня, no. 15 (June 19, 2022): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-6667-2022-15-87-93.

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Анотація:

The article is devoted to the study of man as an economic category. It examines the place of man in the system of production forces and production relations. The role of creativity in changing human nature and its influence on the study of economic theory is shown.

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Peixiong, Chen. "The End of Western Economic Growth Theory." Journal of Finance Research 5, no. 2 (December 2, 2021): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.26549/jfr.v5i2.6877.

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Economics is a science that studies how the economy grows, so the theory of economic growth is the most important theory of economics. In the real market economy society, people achieve the goal of economic growth through two kinds of economic activities: production and transaction. Then a correct economic growth theory must be one that can explain both production and transaction economic activities. Just like Newton’s law of universal gravitation in physics, it can explain the motion law of all objects. For a long time, we have been dominated by the western economic growth theory of western mainstream economics. It is not difficult to find that it has a fatal defect, which can only explain production economic activities but not transaction economic activities. So it can’t explain the Chinese economy, and it can’t explain the western economy. The new economic growth theory proposed in this paper makes up for the defects of western economic growth theory, and it is the terminator of western economic growth theory. This is a revolution of new economics to traditional western economics.

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Mukhin, А. А. "THE USE OF COBB-DOUGLAS PRODUCTION FUNCTION IN MODELING PRODUCTION PROCESSES." Bulletin of Udmurt University. Series Economics and Law 30, no. 6 (December 28, 2020): 822–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35634/2412-9593-2020-30-6-822-829.

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Анотація:

Several alternative economic approaches to the study of organization are discussed in the literature: the neoclassical theory, the theory of transaction costs (the theory of specific assets), the theory of incomplete contracts (the theory of property rights), and the Agency theory (the theory of incentives). Recently, there have been approaches at the intersection of Economics and management: resource theory, knowledge theory, strategic theory, entrepreneurial theory; in the framework of sociology: network theory, the theory of resource dependence, the theory of institutional isomorphism, the theory of situational choice, the theory of strategic choice. The article deals with the basic model of neoclassical theory. The advantage of the neoclassical theory is that it emphasizes the role of technology in General and economies of scale in particular as factors that influence the size of production, turnover of organizations. Within the framework of the considered approach, a certain macrostructure is determined that carries out the costs of economic resources: fixed assets, the number of employees that affect the turnover of organizations. The task of rational economic management, which meets the Udmurt Republic, is to determine the forecast of turnover of organizations with the given resources and to calculate the necessary for its value of fixed assets, the number of employees.

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KUREGYAN, S. "ECONOMIC DESCRIPTIONS OF INTELLECTUAL PRODUCTION." Экономическая наука сегодня, no. 7 (June 25, 2018): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21122/2309-6667-2018-5-34-42.

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The article describes new approaches for researching object of economic theory. It gives the definition of intellectual production. Various criteria for evaluating the intellectual product is analyzed, economic evaluation of intellectual work results is proposed.

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Temnenko, S. M. "CONCEPT «MARKET» IN ECONOMIC THEORY." Scientific and Technical Bulletin оf State Scientific Research Control Institute of Veterinary Medical Products and Fodder Additives аnd Institute of Animal Biology 21, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36359/scivp.2020-21-1.27.

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Анотація:

The essence of the market as an economic category was analyzed in the article. Interpretation of the "market" concept by the classics of economic thought as well as by modern domestic and foreign scientists was considered. The evolution of scientific knowledge regarding the depth of understanding and difference of approaches to the interpretation of this economic category was traced. The market as an economic phenomenon has emerged as a result of such socio-economic processes as production and exchange. In the process of forming economically independent business entities, there was a transition from direct commodity exchange to more complex economic relations, such as buying and selling. The relationship between sellers and buyers gradually became more complex and multilevel. The concepts of supply and demand appear in economic theory, emerges a basic tenet of economics about the market as the main mechanism for establishing optimal proportions between production and consumption. Thus, over time, the understanding of the "market" has transformed from a narrow interpretation as a platform where purchase and sale takes place to a complex mechanism that regulates economic relations in the process of production and distribution of resources and public goods. An analysis of modern publications has shown that modern discourse on the nature of the "market" significantly expands the semantics of this concept. In our opinion, the thesis about the "market" - as a sphere of realization of human freedom, and about the person - as central and most important subject of market, is extremely interesting. In this regard, the age-old controversy of economists over the freedom of the market and the expediency of state intervention in the relationship between sellers and buyers, producers and consumers is gaining new arguments. Often, modern market definitions are rather cumbersome and difficult to understand, therefore we offer a more concise definition of the market as an economic environment, which serves as a coordinating mechanism where producers, sellers and consumers interact in a competitive environment, and as a result of such interaction a general equilibrium of prices is formed.

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Schilir`o, Daniele. "A Glance at Solow’s Growth Theory." Journal of Mathematical Economics and Finance 3, no. 2(5) (February 6, 2018): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505/jmef.v3.2(5).04.

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Анотація:

This article examines the growth theory of Robert Solow1 , which has been a point of reference of economic growth since the 1950s. First, the article analyzes the path-breaking model of growth contained in Solow’s article “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growt” published in The Quarterly Journal of Economics (1956). Second, it looks at the contribution of Solow to growth accounting and to the new method of studying capital formation in economic growth through the vintage ap- proach. Therefore, the work analyzes the article “Technical Change and the Aggregate Production Function” published in The Review of Economics and Statistics (1957). In the latter publication, Solow, through the aggregate production function, tries to measure growth and provide an explanation of the nature of technical progress. The article also examines Solow’s 1960 essay “Investment and Technical Progress” based on the hypothesis of embodied technological progress and the vintage approach.

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Danilov, Vladimir. "Towards the theory of general economic equilibrium." Economics and the Mathematical Methods 58, no. 3 (2022): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s042473880020012-2.

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Анотація:

The paper proposes a model of general economic equilibrium, when some firms can influence prices by their actions. Their primitives (that is, the description of production, distribution, and consumption) of the proposed model are the same as those of the Arrow–Debreu model. The difference lies in the behavior of oligopolistic firms: it is assumed that they (as in the original Cournot model) assign their production plans. The main innovation is the description of the decision-making process on production plans by oligopolistic firms. In previous models, it was assumed that oligopolistic firms seek to maximize profits at current prices. Here, a more natural assumption is made that oligopolistic firms make decisions about production plans through a vote of shareholders. It is shown how the Arrow–Debreu model can be modified to account for this circumstance. The concept of Condorcet–Cournot–Walras equilibrium is introduced, combining the ideas of these three classics. The question of the existence of equilibria is discussed. A simplified version of the model is also considered, in which each firm is owned by one agent. The simplification is that there is no need to turn to the voting.

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Grassi, Basile, and Julien Sauvagnat. "Production networks and economic policy." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 35, no. 4 (2019): 638–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grz021.

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Abstract In this paper, we show how to combine data on input–output tables and recent insights from the theory of production networks in order to inform policy. We first describe the information contained in input–output tables compiled by statistical agencies, and show how to derive relevant statistics of production networks. We then discuss the implications of production networks for policy intervention in a series of domains, such as fiscal policy, industrial policy, or, finance. Finally, we present a quantitative exercise applied to French data in order to illustrate that production networks shape the overall impact of competition policy on the economy.

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Сорокин, Александр Иванович. "Economic Theory on Role and Place of Entrepreneur in Social Production." ЖУРНАЛ ПРАВОВЫХ И ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.26163/gief.2022.47.46.031.

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Анотація:

В статье рассматривается эволюция взглядов видных представителей экономической науки разных поколений на роль, место и функции предпринимателя в процессе производства. Статья охватывает значительный временной период - с конца XVIII в. до середины XX в. Отправная точка проблемы это - «экономический человек», явленный А. Смитом как воплощение неуклонной силы рыночной экономики, двигающий экономику вперед и общество к процветанию. Однако признание в экономической науке тезис А. Смита получил далеко не сразу, выдержав серьезную конкуренцию альтернативных воззрений на проблему. И только в конце XX в., благодаря вкладу виднейших представителей экономической науки, великая догадка А. Смита заняла свое достойное место в экономических трактатах. We consider the evolution of the views of prominent economics researchers of different generations on the role, place and functions of an entrepreneur in the production process. The article covers a significant time period - from the end of the XVIII century to the middle of the XX century. The starting point of the problem is the "economic man" introduced by A. Smith as the embodiment of the steady power of the market economy, driving economic and social prosperity. However, A. Smith's thesis did not get immediate recognition in economics facing serious competition from alternative views of the problem. Only at the end of the XX century, due to the contribution of the most outstanding representatives of the economic science, A. Smith's great guess took its rightful place in economic treatises.

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Дисертації з теми "Production economic theory"

Todorova, Zdravka K. Lee Frederic S. "Reconsidering households in economic theory." Diss., UMK access, 2007.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Dept. of Economics. University of Missouri--Kansas City, 2007.
"A dissertation in economics and social science consortium." Advisor: Frederic S. Lee. Typescript. Vita. Title from "catalog record" of the print edition Description based on contents viewed Dec. 19, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 216-240). Online version of the print edition.

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Allaoua, Hadj Abdelkader. "The neutral economy vs the monetary theory of production." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304097.

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Schaller, Barbara. "Towards a heterodox economic theory of poverty production." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5008/.

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Анотація:

This thesis examines the contributions of three major figures in heterodox economic thought - Thorstein Veblen, Joan Robinson and Michał Kalecki - to the identification of what Else Oyen describes as ‘poverty producing processes’. It is argued that to date no distinct heterodox theory of the causes and consequences of poverty exists. This is surprising, not least because questions of social power, asymmetrical access to resources, and inequality are among the core themes in heterodox thought. This thesis demonstrates that Robinson, Kalecki and Veblen have devoted considerable time and effort to the investigation of poverty-related issues. Combined, they have discussed four key processes that contribute to poverty production: conspicuous consumption, mark-up pricing, industrial sabotage and hegemonic policy-making. This thesis suggests that these four core processes amount to a distinct heterodox perspective on poverty production, and may serve as a basis for a comprehensive enquiry into the causes of poverty in advanced capitalism. Being in essence a history of economic thought analysis of post-Keynesian and institutionalist theorising on poverty, this thesis contributes to economic poverty research, the history of economic thought and the development of an integrated heterodox approach.

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Hickie, Desmond James. "The government and civil aircraft production : 1942-1951." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260816.

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Monteiro, Goncalo. "The growth process under time non-separable preferences /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7384.

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Clegg, L. J. "The determinants of international production : A comparative study of five developed countries." Thesis, University of Reading, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354079.

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McGuire, Alistair James. "The economics of the hospital : an analysis of production and cost relations." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1987. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU009748.

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This study consists of an economic analysis of the Scottish hospital sector. In particular analysis is directed towards an understanding of the hospital production process and the resultant cost - output relations. Both theoretical and empirical study is undertaken. The underlying methodological approach relies heavily on the transaction cost analysis developed by Williamson (1975). As such the study suggests that many of the traditional neo-classical theories applied to the hospital sector have been misdirected. The study includes a review of existing theories of hospital behaviour and the empirical literature on hospital production and cost functions. This reveals that there has been little overlap between these two literatures. It is suggested that this is largely because the hospital as an economic institution does not readily lend itself to positive analysis. In part this arises because of the inherent characteristics of the hospital production process, but it is also suggested that economic analysis at this level of aggregation is not appropriate. A behavioural analysis of hospital production is forwarded which emphasises the internal allocation processes. The agency relationship that exists between the doctor and the patient is highlighted, as are the underlying ethical constraints within which this relationship operates. The importance of internal organisational and process choice aspects of production are also emphasised. The rights to self-regulation held by the medical profession are seen to lie outside of the normal monitoring and control channels which are focussed largely upon the expenditure determination process. The limitations of a neo-classical production function analysis is outlined through the empirical estimation of a generalisable production function applied to a sample of Scottish hospitals. Following consideration of the behavioural aspects of the hospital production process a behavioural cost function model is estimated. As a secondary objective analysis of the specification of hospital output is undertaken.

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Fattorini, Loredana. "Production networks, firm productivity and geography." Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2018. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/260/1/Fattorini_phdthesis.pdf.

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Анотація:

Modern economies are organised as webs of interconnected agents. Among others, companies represent the principal actors. In the recent decades, the emergence of supply networks, that is the organisation of technical processes in production stages involving specialised suppliers located in different countries, brings about an increasing complexity in the worldwide economic system. Moreover, empirical studies from firm-level data provide evidence of heterogeneous distribution in companies performance also within industries, regions and countries. However, when discussing policy-making in Europe this aspect is still neglected by many, and the impact of regional or industrial policies is evaluated at the macro level. Recently, geo-coded information on where firms run their activities is becoming available to the researchers, offering a good opportunity to improve the empirical design of specific research questions. In this thesis, we investigate these aspects in detail, showing the utility of adapting and implementing analytical tools from Network Science and Machine Learning along with ad hoc econometric techniques. Moreover, we contribute to the literature on international economics, industrial organisation and economic geography. With the first work, we propose an empirical tool, the Input Rank, adapted from the notorious PageRank, which is originally designed for social networks and search engines, and we test its empirical validity for choices of vertical integration. Then, we ambitiously test the effect of the EU Cohesion Policy on an own-built dataset with firm-level total factor productivities of European manufacturing companies. Finally, thanks to the implementation of the DBSCAN, a challenging density-based spatial clustering algorithm, we exploit firms’ location information to identify industrial clusters and examine the likelihood of firms’ survival according to their location in industrial clusters or more isolated areas.

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Wiese, Harald. "Language competition: An economic theory of language learning and production." De Gruyter, 2015. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A21367.

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This article employs game theory to contribute to sociolinguistics (or the economics of language). From both the synchronic and the diachronic perspective, we are interested in the conditions (of language learning and literary production) that make some languages dominate others. Two results are particularly noteworthy: (i) Translations have an ambiguous effect on domination. (ii) We offer three different explanations of how a past language like Latin or Sanskrit can develop into a standard for literary production.

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Yildizoglu, Ergin. "A theoretical and historical study of crisis in the capitalist mode of production." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253653.

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Книги з теми "Production economic theory"

Färe, Rolf. Fundamentals of production theory. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1988.

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N, Wolff Edward, ed. Productivity Growth: Industries, Spillovers and Economic Performance. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar, 2012.

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Gnos, Claude. Production, répartition et monnaie. Dijon: Editions universitaires de Dijon, 1992.

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Bernard, Schmitt, ed. Production et monnaie. Paris, France: Sirey, 1985.

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Fandel, G. Theory of production and cost. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1991.

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J, Ferguson Glenys, and Rothschild R, eds. Business economics: The application of economic theory. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1993.

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J, Ferguson Glenys, and Rothschild R, eds. Business economics: The application of economic theory. Basingstoke: Macmillan Press, 1993.

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Beattie, Bruce R. The economics of production. 2nd ed. Malabar, Fla: Krieger Pub., 2009.

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Beattie, Bruce R. The economics of production. Malabar, Fla: Krieger Pub. Co., 1993.

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Arrow, Kenneth Joseph. Production and capital. Cambridge, Mass: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1985.

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Частини книг з теми "Production economic theory"

Heijman, W. J. M. "Theory of Production." In The Economic Metabolism, 13–22. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5038-5_2.

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Sadr, Seyed Kazem. "Production Theory." In The Economic System of the Early Islamic Period, 209–20. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-50733-4_9.

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Choudhury, Masudul Alam. "Production Function." In Comparative Economic Theory Occidental and Islamic Perspectives, 129–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4814-7_8.

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Ritschl, Albrecht. "Prices and Production in Economic Theory." In Contributions to Economics, 100–152. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-53716-5_4.

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Reke, Eivind, Daryl Powell, and Kodo Yokozawa. "Towards an Economic Theory of Lean." In Advances in Production Management Systems. Artificial Intelligence for Sustainable and Resilient Production Systems, 712–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85874-2_78.

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Jones, Ronald W., and Sugata Marjit. "International Trade and Endogenous Production Structures." In Economic Theory and International Trade, 173–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77671-7_9.

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Wang, Teng-Fei, Kevin Cullinane, and Dong-Wook Song. "The Economic Theory of Container Port Production." In Container Port Production and Economic Efficiency, 13–32. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230505971_2.

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Chattopadhyay, Paresh. "Crisis Theory in Marx’s Economic Manuscripts of Early 1860s." In Marx's Associated Mode of Production, 111–24. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-57535-7_8.

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Wang, Teng-Fei, Kevin Cullinane, and Dong-Wook Song. "A Theory of Container Port Production and its Empirical Validation." In Container Port Production and Economic Efficiency, 116–39. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230505971_6.

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Krelle, Wilhelm. "Production Theory as a Part of a Dynamic General Disequilibrium System." In Economic Theory, Dynamics and Markets, 31–44. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1677-4_3.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Production economic theory"

Li, Qunxia, and Qun Zhang. "Application of fuzzy set theory to economic production quantity model." In 2011 International Conference on E-Business and E-Government (ICEE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icebeg.2011.5887041.

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Artemenko, T. V. "THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE COMPANY'S FOREIGN ECONOMIC ACTIVITY: THEORY AND PRACTICE." In New forms of production and entrepreneurship in the coordinates of neo-industrial development of the economy. PD of KSUEL, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38161/978-5-7823-0731-8-2020-081-090.

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The article considers various options for determining the significance of the foreign economic activity of an enterprise, including the implementation of the main functions or development strategies of an enterprise, depending on the motives of foreign economic activity. Six levels of manifestation of the effect of the foreign economic activity of a single enterprise are identified: the level of the enterprise, regional, sectoral, national, supranational levels, the level of the world economy. Briefly characterized are the areas of manifestation of the effect of the foreign economic activity of the enterprise, such as budget, production, investment, social, other. The nature of the manifestation of the effect (direct, indirect) and its orientation (positive, negative) are indicated.

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Suripto, Suripto, Firmansyah Firmansyah, and FX Sugiyanto. "Education and Poverty in Special Province of Yogyakarta: The Approach of Solow Growth Technology Model in Production Theory." In 2nd International Conference on Economic Education and Entrepreneurship. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0006892307240731.

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Tran Thi Lan, Huong, Artur Kychumov, and Vadim Tkachev. "VIETNAM'S LABOR MOVEMENT INTO THE ASEAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY (AEC)." In International Conference on Political Theory: The International Conference on Human Resources for Sustainable Development. Bach Khoa Publishing House, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.51316/icpt.hust.2023.45.

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Vietnam participates in the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) with the aim of working towards a single common market and a unified production base, with workers free to move between member countries to improve capacity. compete and promote common prosperity for the entire region. Vietnam's employment in AEC countries is considered in terms of: scale, structure (industry, qualifications). The achieved results and limitations come from both sides: the AEC market and Vietnam. Recommendations and solutions to help Vietnam stand firmly in the labour market of AEC countries.

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Koretskiy, V. P., M. R. Degtereva, and M. I. Fayzulin. "Determination of Labor Intensity of Research, Creative Work Types in Production Based on Complexity Theory Approaches and Fuzzy Logic." In 2nd International Scientific and Practical Conference “Modern Management Trends and the Digital Economy: from Regional Development to Global Economic Growth” (MTDE 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200502.104.

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Florentino, Saul, David De Leon, and Jorge Silva. "Optimal Inspection Methodology for Offshore Structures Based on an Economic Decision Theory." In ASME 2004 23rd International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2004-51214.

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About 200 marine platforms are installed in the Mexican sector of the Gulf of Mexico so that maintenance and inspection schedules play an important role to avoid excessive structural deterioration of the oil facilities and at the same time to keep the facilities within acceptable safety margins. Large costs associated with inspection and repair actions moved managers towards the application of an optimal strategy in order to minimize inspection expenses. For these purposes, it is necessary to consider deterioration process such as fatigue crack growth under the influence of uncertain wave loading which is the dominant force while effort is focused on maintaining structural integrity and safe production. This paper presents an optimal inspection methodology for offshore structures based on an economic decision theory, bearing in mind that large costs are associated with structural failure and extensive inspection and repairs. A system failure analysis of a given sub set of the critical structural components is included as well as a mathematical framework for the assessment of failure and repair cost associated.

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Mihailov, Penyu. "LAND RENT AS A SOCIO-ECONOMIC DETERMINATION." In SUSTAINABLE LAND MANAGEMENT - CURRENT PRACTICES AND SOLUTIONS 2019. University publishing house "Science and Economics", University of Economics - Varna, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36997/slm2019.26.

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The issues of land rents are of particular importance today, the new times have brought them to the fore, now they are new dimensions. Previously in the works of Plato, Xenophon and others it was mentioned but not used as a term. With the entry of capitalism into agricultural politics - everyone talks about it. Agriculture became the main branch of social production, and rent became the object of study. Contribution to the development of the problem have: У. Petit, Fr. F. P?ti, F. Kenet, A. Smith, D. The work of Marx is indisputable. The neoclassical theory advocates a subjective treatment of the problem -opposed to Marx. The reasons are to be sought in the following circumstances: capitalism has undergone fundamental changes; it has entered a stage of global integration; the scientific-technical revolution has raised it to a greater height; new technologies have entered the economy; electronization, robotization, computerization, science has penetrated all spheres of life, has become an immediate productive force; it is rising to a higher level; production is being naturalized, it is becoming a field of application of science. History, however, follows its own logic. The immature economic forms of production do not submit to exact theoretical reflections; as they change, so do our ideas about them.

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Polyanskaya, O. A., A. Mikhailova, and A. Tambi. "GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE CURRENT ECONOMIC SITUATION OF THE LPC OF RUSSIA AND PROSPECTS FOR DEVELOPMENT." In Modern machines, equipment and IT solutions for industrial complex: theory and practice. FSBE Institution of Higher Education Voronezh State University of Forestry and Technologies named after G.F. Morozov, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34220/mmeitsic2021_101-106.

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The Russian Federation is the richest forest power in the world, however, it is significantly inferior to a number of countries in the production of wood products. The development of the timber industry complex (LPC) is currently of particular importance, since it can make a great contribution to the country’s economy and, accordingly, affect a significant increase in the volume of Russia’s gross domestic product. In addition, the Russian LPC has significant potential and provides its products to almost all the leading sectors of the national economy. That is why the authors of the article pay attention to the strategy for the development of the LPC until 2030. In addition, the authors analyze the current state of the Russian timber industry, the impact on the industry of the current economic situation, the main economic results of the forest sector enterprises for the period from 2016 to 2020. The expectations of market participants and the prospects for the development of the industry are considered. The analysis of measures of support from the state is carried out. The main problems of the industry development are outlined.

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Yilan, Gulsah, Arif Ozcan, and Tanju Caglar. "Sustainable cardboard label production." In 10th International Symposium on Graphic Engineering and Design. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of technical sciences, Department of graphic engineering and design,, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/grid-2020-p14.

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Recently, all industrial sectors have shown significantly increasing attention in reaching the sustainability goals regarding economic, environmental, social, and also technological aspects not only at the regional level but also nationwide and even global scale. Aside from being an economically popular concept, sustainability is strictly related to effective resource use and efficient waste disposal. Thus, it functions as a complementary issue to be considered in various production activities. The sustainable production approach includes reducing or (if possible) eliminating the negative impacts on the human health and environment, reducing the waste generated, increasing the recycling rate, and developing energy and material saving processes. The printing industry is one of the most important industries in reaching sustainable production goals. The need for the printed products, which is the focus of this study, is increasing in parallel with the changing consumer expectations and technological developments. However, from the point of the printing industry view, a solid sustainability consensus is not settled among the practitioners, yet. This study aims to evaluate the sustainability of the cardboard label production considering several combinations of raw materials such as paper, ink, and surface coating additives via appropriate Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) methods. The most frequently used paper and ink types are considered with three alternatives for each. To indicate the sustainability scores economic, environmental, and social evaluation criteria are selected. By applying the Multi-Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT), the sustainability score of each label is calculated to determine the optimum alternative in terms of the production process and also the material used. This evaluation provides detailed information to the producer and also to the consumer about the alternative production routes to use less energy and raw material, and also to decrease the environmental impacts while sustaining the economic feasibility. Besides, alternative solutions are offered to reach sustainability goals by considering the economic and environmental life cycle impacts of these materials. Hence, an increase in awareness about the printing industry and service channels is expected. Moreover, this study is also important in presenting the applicability of sustainability assessments in the printing industry.

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Profant, Tomáš Imrich. "China in Africa: A World-System Analysis." In Liberec Economic Forum 2023. Technical University of Liberec, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15240/tul/009/lef-2023-04.

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As China rises so does its involvement abroad, in particular in various African countries. The aim of this paper is to use the world-system theory advanced by Immanuel Wallerstein and apply it on the case of Chinese economic and geopolitical activities on the African continent. The analysis is thus based on the division of the world into core, semiperiphery and periphrey. These areas are divided on the basis of the sophistication of their production, which results in the creation of monopolies and quasi-monopolies. The paper shows the nature of trade between China and Africa, which confirms the basic pattern of relations in the hierarchy of international economic relations. Whereas China moved in the hierarchy from the periphery to the semiperiphery, Africa remains a periferal world region. The paper also shows Sudan and Taiwan as special cases that offer a different understanding of the Chinese foreign policy. The question with these two cases becomes whether China practices a single foreign policy and how human rights and their normative power influence Chienese policy. The conclusion normatively assess the consequences of Chinese policy for Africa. Overall the paper is written from a political-economic perspective and emphasizes the economic element in international relations bordering the subfield of geo-economics.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Production economic theory"

Obregon, Jean-Francois, Sergio Lazzarini, Diane-Laure Arjalies, Julie Gualandris, Guanjie Huang, Ellen Kempton, Rubaina Singla, Yashika Sharma, and Jimmy Wang. Towards a Climate-Smart Food System: A Theory of Change and Impact Metrics to Trigger Farming and Societal Change. Richard Ivey School of Business., October 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/iveypub.78.2023.

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There is significant interest in sustainable food production practices in Canada and worldwide due to the challenges caused by the Russia-Ukraine war, land degradation, and climate change. Sustainable food production is a food system that provides affordable, nutritious food while preserving and restoring natural resources and generating robust ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, water filtration, and retention. This report explores multiple routes to foster improved social, ecological, and economic impacts associated with alternative practices promoting sustainable food production. It identifies core problems that prevent agricultural systems and their food chains from implementing (more) sustainable practices. The report mobilizes a Theory of Change (TOC) to outline possible interventions and metrics to implement (community-based) interventions to promote shared principles of sustainable production and create communities of practice. The TOC was developed in consultation with a set of actors in the food chain (including farmers, financial institutions, municipal governments, food processors, NGOs and industry associations) during a nine-month research intervention in Canada (2023), complemented by a literature review. Thanks to this co-creation process, the proposed interventions and metrics to measure and track improvements at the farm and societal levels presented in this report are outcomes-based and bottom-up. This enables agricultural communities and actors in the food chain to pursue alternative routes to improve outcomes. The report also discusses incentives to pursue sustainable food production, either explicit (e.g. monetary payments, contractual clauses) or implicit (e.g. social norms, cultural values, network-based engagement of food chain actors). Lastly, it outlines a potential research design to test the suggested interventions, metrics, and incentives in a Randomized Control Trial (RCT).

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Daude, Christian, and Eduardo Fernández-Arias. On the Role of Productivity and Factor Accumulation in Economic Development in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010927.

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This paper combines development and growth accounting exercises with economic theory to estimate the relative importance of total factor productivity and the accumulation of factors of production in the economic development performance of Latin America. The regions development performance is assessed by contrast with various alternative benchmarks, both advanced countries and peer countries in other regions. The paper finds that total factor productivity is the predominant factor: low productivity and slow productivity growth, as opposed to impediments to factor accumulation, are the key to understanding Latin Americas low income relative to developed economies and its stagnation relative to other developing countries. While policies easing factor accumulation would help somewhat in improving productivity, for the most part, closing the productivity gap requires productivity-specific policies.

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Fernández-Arias, Eduardo. On the Role of Productivity and Factor Accumulation in Economic Development in Latin America and the Caribbean: 2017 Update. Inter-American Development Bank, October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009372.

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This report combines development and growth accounting exercises with economic theory to estimate the relative importance of total factor productivity and the accumulation of factors of production in the economic development performanceof Latin America. The region’s development performance is assessed by contrast with various alternative benchmarks, both advanced countries and peer countries in other regions. The paper finds that total factor productivity is the predominant factor: low productivity and insufficient productivity growth, as opposed to impediments to factor accumulation, are the key to understanding Latin America’s low income relative to developed economies and its stagnation relative to other developing countries. While policies easing factor accumulation would help somewhat in improving productivity, for the most part, closing the productivity gap requires productivity-specific policies.

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Finkelshtain, Israel, and Tigran Melkonyan. The economics of contracts in the US and Israel agricultures. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7695590.bard.

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Research Objectives 1) Reviewing the rich economic literature on contracting and agricultural contracting; 2) Conducting a descriptive comparative study of actual contracting patterns in the U.S. and Israeli agricultural sectors; 3) Theoretical analysis of division of assets ownership, authority allocation and incentives in agricultural production contracts; 4) Theoretical analysis of strategic noncompetitive choice of agricultural production and marketing contracts, 5) Empirical studies of contracting in agricultural sectors of US and Israel, among them the broiler industry, the citrus industry and sugar beet sector. Background Recent decades have witnessed a world-wide increase in the use of agricultural contracts. In both the U.S. and Israel, contracts have become an integral part of production and marketing of many crops, fruits, vegetables and livestock commodities. The increased use of agricultural contracts raises a number of important economic policy questions regarding the optimal design of contracts and their determinants. Even though economists have made a substantial progress in understanding these issues, the theory of contracts and an empirical methodology to analyze contracts are still evolving. Moreover, there is an enormous need for empirical research of contractual relationships. Conclusions In both U.S. and Israel, contracts have become an integral part of production and marketing of many agricultural commodities. In the U.S. more than 40% of the value of agricultural production occurred under either marketing or production contracts. The use of agricultural contracts in Israel is also ubiquitous and reaches close to 60% of the value of agricultural production. In Israel we have found strategic considerations to play a dominant role in the choice of agricultural contracts and may lead to noncompetitive conduct and reduced welfare. In particular, the driving force, leading to consignment based contracts is the strategic effect. Moreover, an increase in the number of contractors will lead to changes in the terms of the contract, an increased competition and payment to farmers and economic surplus. We found that while large integrations lead to more efficient production, they also exploit local monopsonistic power. For the U.S, we have studied in more detail the choice of contract type and factors that affect contracts such as the level of informational asymmetry, the authority structure, and the available quality measurement technology. We have found that assets ownership and decision rights are complements of high-powered incentives. We have also found that the optimal allocation of decision rights, asset ownership and incentives is influenced by: variance of systemic and idiosyncratic shocks, importance (variance) of the parties’ private information, parameters of the production technology, the extent of competition in the upstream and downstream industries. Implications The primary implication of this project is that the use of agricultural production and marketing contracts is growing in both the US and Israeli agricultural sectors, while many important economic policy questions are still open and require further theoretical and empirical research. Moreover, actual contracts that are prevailing in various agricultural sectors seems to be less than optimal and, hence, additional efforts are required to transfer the huge academic know-how in this area to the practitioners. We also found evidence for exploitation of market powers by contactors in various agricultural sectors. This may call for government regulations in the anti-trust area. Another important implication of this project is that in addition to explicit contracts economic outcomes resulting from the interactions between growers and agricultural intermediaries depend on a number of other factors including allocation of decision and ownership rights and implicit contracting. We have developed models to study the interactions between explicit contracts, decision rights, ownership structure, and implicit contracts. These models have been applied to study contractual arrangements in California agriculture and the North American sugarbeet industry.

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Rodríguez-Apolinar, Sergio, and Eduardo Fernández-Arias. The Productivity Gap in Latin America: Lessons from 50 Years of Development. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011731.

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This paper combines development accounting exercises with economic theory to assess the importance of total factor productivity and the accumulation of factors of production as engines of growth in Latin America. Using the new, drastically revised Penn World Table (PWT) and Barro-Lee datasets, the paper shows that lower and non-convergent income relative to successful development benchmarks are explained by subpar productivity gains rather than slower factor accumulation. The empirical analysis of the interplay between productivity and accumulation in the process of development suggests that one explanation for this pattern is that investment in Latin America is not as productivity-enhancing as in less distorted economies.

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Mesquita Moreira, Mauricio. Fear of China: Is There a Future for Manufacturing in Latin America? Inter-American Development Bank, December 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011316.

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China's emergence has raised pointed questions about the future of manufacturing in Latin America. Once saw as its economic future, the viability of this activity in the region has long been challenged by traditional trade theory and, in practical terms, by at least three generations of Asian Tigers. China and its "unlimited supply of labor", rapid productivity growth, scale, and extremely interventionist state has brought the practical challenge to unprecedented levels. This paper, using mainly descriptive production and trade statistics, looks at the nature of this challenge and its implications. It begins by dealing with a central issue: Does manufacturing still matter for Latin America's development? It then moves on to examine the scope and nature of the Chinese challenge. It shows that endowments, productivity, scale and the government role, all work together to make China a formidable competitor. The paper concludes by discussing, in general terms, the (difficult) policy options available. This presentation presented at Latin America/Caribbean and Asia/Pacific Economics and Business Association (LAEBA)'s 1st Annual Meeting held in Beijing, China on December 3rd-4th, 2004.

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Otrok, Christopher, Huigang Chen, Alessandro Rebucci, Gianluca Benigno, and Eric R. Young. Revisiting Overborrowing and Its Policy Implications. Inter-American Development Bank, July 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0010985.

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This paper analyzes quantitatively the extent to which there is overborrowing (i.e., inefficient borrowing) in a business cycle model for emerging market economies with production and an occasionally binding credit constraint. The main finding of the analysis is that overborrowing is not a robust feature of this class of model economies: it depends on the structure of the economy and its parametrization. Specifcally, underborrowing in a production economy is found with the baseline calibration, but overborrowing with more impatient agents and more volatile shocks. Endowment economies display overborrowing regardless of parameter values, but they do not allow for policy intervention when the constraint binds (in crisis times). Quantitatively, the welfare gains from implementing the constrained¬effcient allocation are always larger near crisis times than in normal ones. In production economies, they are one order of magnitude larger than in endowment economies both in crisis and normal times. This suggests that the scope for economy¬widemacro¬prudential policy interventions (e.g., prudential taxation of capital flows and capital controls) is weak in this class of models.

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Machinea, José Luis, and Cecilia Vera. Trade, Direct Investment and Production Policies. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011320.

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This paper discusses the series of far-reaching structural reforms that took place in the economies of Latin America and the Caribbean during the 1990's. This set of reforms generated increases in foreign trade (particularly exports) and higher foreign direct investment. However, the growth path of the region's countries is a far cry from one of intensive, steady expansion. This document analyses possible reasons for this and posits that there is no unequivocally positive link between trade openness and economic growth, given the importance of the context and how the process of liberalization is carried out.

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Tull, Kerina. Economic Impact of Local Vaccine Manufacturing. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.034.

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Over a period of time, a tier of mostly middle-income developing countries has developed a considerable pharmaceutical and vaccine production capacity. However, outcomes have not always been positive for domestic manufacturers in developing countries. Economic and health lessons learned from vaccine manufacturing in developing countries include challenges and positive spill-over effects. Evidence for this rapid review is taken from the south and southeast Asia (India, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam), and Latin America (Brazil, Cuba, Mexico). Although data on locally manufactured drugs on the balance of trade was available, this was not readily available for vaccine manufacturing. The evidence used in this review was taken from grey and academic literature, as well as interviews with economic specialists. Although market reports on vaccine production are available for most of these countries, their data is not in the public domain.

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Volpe Martincus, Christian, Pablo Sanguinetti, and Iulia Traistaru. Economic Integration and Location of Production Activities: The Case of Mercosur. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008723.

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This research aims at answering the following questions: How do specialization patterns look like in member countries of Mercosur and how have they evolved over time? How do concentration patterns look like and how have they evolved over time? What are the main determinants of locational patterns? Did Mercosur have an impact on location of economic activities? What are the consequences for the smaller countries? Do we see production clusters? We analyse specialization, concentration, and locational patterns in Mercosur using production value data for the period 1971-1998. We identify the determinants of those patterns during the period 1985-1998 using econometric techniques. In addition, we calculate intraindustry trade statistics within Mercosur and with the Rest of the World for the period 1986-2001 in order to investigate the formation of clusters and uncover their determinants. We complement this analysis with a brief description of production developments in border regions with the purpose of determining whether this phenomenon has a specific spatial dimension. Finally, we draw some conclusions about the implications for smaller countries within the bloc and some lessons for upcoming trade initiatives such as a deepening of integration within the region, the establishment of FTAA, and a free trade agreement with the European Union.

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