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Статті в журналах з теми "Process stream theory"
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He, Mingyang. "Analysis of the Policymaking Process of Undergraduate Tutorial System in China from the Perspective of Multiple Streams Theory." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 19 (August 30, 2022): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v19i.1601.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The formulation process of China's undergraduate tutor system involves many factors. Based on the perspective of multiple streams theory, this paper analyzes and discusses the driving factors for the establishment of China's undergraduate tutorial system policy agenda. Policy makers form the problem stream through surveys of students and teachers; the government and colleges, as policy entrepreneurs, shape the policy stream; under the China’s unique conditions, the educational philosophy of the Communist Party of China and the popularization of higher education develops into the politics stream. At a critical point, the three streams are coupled and the policy window opens, which eventually leads to the introduction of the undergraduate tutorial system. Additionally, this paper also analyzes the defects of the multiple stream’s theory, and puts forward suggestions for the revision of the theoretical model.
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Qin, Li, Peng Lixia, Liu Haidong, and Zhang Qi. "Research on Product Production Process Optimization Based on Value Stream Theory." Journal of Software Engineering 10, no. 1 (December 15, 2015): 89–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jse.2016.89.98.
Повний текст джерела
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Vitali, Giuliano. "Runoff as a Stochastic Process." International Journal of Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 16 (March 8, 2022): 59–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9102.2022.16.9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Runoff stationary critical flow is investigated as a stochastic process by means of two routing simulation models, a stream confluence, which has beens interpreted as a Marcus- Lushnikov coalescence process, and a channel splitting model, which has ben interpreted as a Markov chain over a regular tree. Despite of the expected similarity due to expection that they should be seen as one the backward of the other, the initiation and the stopping methods using in algorithms influence strongly stream size distribution.
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Ferreira da Silva, Ana Maria. "On the stable geometry of self-formed alluvial channels: theory and practical applicationThis article is one of a selection of papers in this Special Issue in honour of Professor M. Selim Yalin (1925–2007)." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 36, no. 10 (October 2009): 1667–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l09-013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
On the basis of previous work by the late Professor M. Selim Yalin and the author, the process of self-formation of alluvial streams and the final (equilibrium or regime) geometry of the self-formed stream are considered in the light of thermodynamic principles, including the first and second laws, and the Gibb’s equation; the stream is treated as an isolated and irreversible system. The present analysis suggests that stream self-formation is guided by the need of the stream to progressively decrease its average flow velocity to accommodate the increase in the entropy of the system with the passage of time. The reduction in flow velocity is achieved by an appropriate alteration of stream slope, cross-sectional geometry, and effective roughness, the regime development being the process of this appropriate alteration. A method is presented for the computation of regime width, depth, and slope. The method rests on the channel formation criterion derived from thermodynamic principles and the expression of regime flow width determined on the basis of zero net cross sediment transport rate at the regime state. The regime channels computed from this method are compared with field and laboratory data from various sources.
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Wang, Zhongwen, Haozhu Lu, Junlan Jin, and Kai Hu. "Human Action Recognition Based on Improved Two-Stream Convolution Network." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (June 7, 2022): 5784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12125784.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Two-stream convolution network (2SCN) is a classical method of action recognition. It is capable of extracting action information from two dimensions: spatial and temporal streams. However, the method of extracting motion features from a spatial stream is single-frame recognition, and there is still room for improvement in the perception ability of appearance coherence features. The classical two-stream convolution network structure is modified in this paper by utilizing the strong mining capabilities of the bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU) to allow the neural network to extract the appearance coherence features of actions. In addition, this paper introduces an attention mechanism (SimAM) based on neuroscience theory, which improves the accuracy and stability of neural networks. Experiments show that the method proposed in this paper (BS-2SCN, BiGRU-SimAM Two-stream convolution network) has high accuracy. The accuracy is improved by 2.6% on the UCF101 data set and 11.7% on the HMDB51 data set.
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Wang, Shuqiang, Jia Tang, Yiquan Zou, and Qihui Zhou. "Research on production process optimization of precast concrete component factory based on value stream mapping." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 27, no. 4 (November 4, 2019): 850–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-10-2018-0455.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the process optimization of a precast concrete component production line by using value stream mapping. Design/methodology/approach This paper is an empirical focused on of lean production theory and value stream mapping. The data in the case study were collected in real time on-site for each process during the production process of a prefabricated exterior wall. Findings The results of the current value stream map indicate that the main problems of the current production process are related to equipment, technology and organization. The equipment problems include simple demolding and cleaning tools and the lack of professional transfer channels. The technology problems include the lack of a marking mechanism and pipeline exit mechanism. There is a lack of standard operating procedures and incomplete process convergence. A comparison and analysis of the current value stream and the future value flow indicate that optimizations of the process flow, the production line layout, and the standard operating procedures have shortened the delivery cycle, reduced the number of workers, improved the operator’s operating level and balanced the production line. Practical implications The results of this study provide practitioners with a clear understanding of the optimization of the precast concrete component production and represent a method and basis for the process optimization of a factory production line; the approach is suitable for process optimization in other areas. Originality/value This research represents an innovative application of lean production theory and value stream mapping in a complex production line of precast concrete components and thereby fills the gap between the theory and practice of the optimization of a precast concrete component production line.
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Su, He, Pei Wu, Jing Xue, Yongan Zhang, and Haijun Zhang. "Analysis of flow field characteristics and structure optimization of the split-stream rushing muffler for diesel engine." Noise Control Engineering Journal 68, no. 1 (January 20, 2020): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/1/37688.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to analyze the flow field characteristics of the split-stream rushing muffler, a theoretical model describing the velocity of the split streams is established and verified by the tracer test. For this new-principle muffler, the acoustic performance and the relationship between the velocity drop of the airflow and the pressure field are analyzed, also the structure optimization of the muffler is carried out based on the orthogonal test. Finally, a new muffler is fabricated based on the designing theory of this type of muffler for a prototype of diesel engine, and the comparative analyses are conducted compared with its original muffler. The results show that the establishment and analysis of the theoretical model for velocity during the split-streams rushing process are correct. In the frequency range of 0â–“1000 Hz, the average transmission loss of split-stream rushing muffler is better than that of the original muffler. While the speed of airflow is reduced by split-streams rushing, a certain pressure loss is caused at the same time, which is about 50% of total pressure loss of the muffler, and the average fluid resistance coefficient of the split-stream rushing process is 0.91. Compared to the original muffler of the sample engine, the average insertion loss of the optimized new muffler is increased by 61.2%. At inlet air velocity of 30 m/s, the pressure loss is reduced by 16.8%. The results provide a potential for practical engineering application of this new split-stream rushing muffler in future.
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Sun, Wen Jie. "Research on Stream Cipher Model Based on Chaos Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 539 (July 2014): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.539.321.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chaos is a similar and random process which is very sensitive to initial value in deterministic system. It is a performance of nonlinear dynamical system with built-in randomness. Combined with the advantages and disadvantages of the present chaos encryption model, the paper proposes a chaotic stream cipher model based on chaos theory, which not only overcomes finite precision effect, but also improves the randomness of chaotic system and output sequence. The Sequence cycle theory generated by the algorithm can reach more than 10600 at least, which completely satisfies the actual application requirements of stream cipher system.
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Pereira Librelato, Tatiane, Daniel Pacheco Lacerda, Luís Henrique Rodrigues, and Douglas Rafael Veit. "A process improvement approach based on the Value Stream Mapping and the Theory of Constraints Thinking Process." Business Process Management Journal 20, no. 6 (October 28, 2014): 922–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bpmj-07-2013-0098.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a case of integration between the processes modeling by using the Value Stream Mapping (VSM) and the Thinking Process of the Theory of Constraints (TP-TOC) through the analysis of productive processes of an organization, indicating the complementary aspects between them and their benefits to the organization. Design/methodology/approach – The paper uses a company of the Brazilian automotive industry as the administering site. The research began by identifying the organization's processes and choice of a family of products to model according to the VSM approach. The integrated view between the losses in the process (VSM) and the unwanted effects of the adding value process were analyzed by using the Current Reality Tree. After the analysis, different improvement procedures are proposed based on the lean principles. Finally, a work plan is presented based on the previous steps aiming to achieve the proposed future state. Findings – The analysis of this case helps to understand and identify the causes of the current problems in the processes studied, providing an integrated view between the losses in the process and the prioritization of steps for the elimination of such losses. The approach in its initial administration was robust and the solution steps were promising. By integrating these approaches, it was possible to verify improvement opportunities by identifying the losses and the basic causes that sustain the unwanted effects in the processes at the same time. Originality/value – The study proposes an approach that enables a systematic and systemic analysis of the processes at organizations through the combined use of process modeling through the VSM and TP-TOC. Simultaneously, the losses in the processes and the unwanted effects are identified. Thus, through the construction of an effect-cause-effect robust logic, both losses in particular and the unwanted effects in general can be prioritized in order to maximize the improvement efforts in the processes.
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Carter, Sasha P., Helen A. Fricker, and Matthew R. Siegfried. "Antarctic subglacial lakes drain through sediment-floored canals: theory and model testing on real and idealized domains." Cryosphere 11, no. 1 (February 2, 2017): 381–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-11-381-2017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Over the past decade, satellite observations of ice surface height have revealed that active subglacial lake systems are widespread under the Antarctic Ice Sheet, including the ice streams. For some of these systems, additional observations of ice-stream motion have shown that lake activity can affect ice-stream dynamics. Despite all this new information, we still have insufficient understanding of the lake-drainage process to incorporate it into ice-sheet models. Process models for drainage of ice-dammed lakes based on conventional R-channels incised into the base of the ice through melting are unable to reproduce the timing and magnitude of drainage from Antarctic subglacial lakes estimated from satellite altimetry given the low hydraulic gradients along which such lakes drain. We have developed an alternative process model, in which channels are mechanically eroded into the underlying deformable subglacial sediment. When applied to the known active lakes of the Whillans–Mercer ice-stream system, the model successfully reproduced both the inferred magnitudes and recurrence intervals of lake-volume changes, derived from Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) laser altimeter data for the period 2003–2009. Water pressures in our model changed as the flood evolved: during drainage, water pressures initially increased as water flowed out of the lake primarily via a distributed system, then decreased as the channelized system grew, establishing a pressure gradient that drew water away from the distributed system. This evolution of the drainage system can result in the observed internal variability of ice flow over time. If we are correct that active subglacial lakes drain through canals in the sediment, this mechanism also implies that active lakes are typically located in regions underlain by thick subglacial sediment, which may explain why they are not readily observed using radio-echo-sounding techniques.
Дисертації з теми "Process stream theory"
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Da, Silva Veith Alexandre. "Quality of Service Aware Mechanisms for (Re)Configuring Data Stream Processing Applications on Highly Distributed Infrastructure." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN050/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Une grande partie de ces données volumineuses ont plus de valeur lorsqu'elles sont analysées rapidement, au fur et à mesure de leur génération. Dans plusieurs scénarios d'application émergents, tels que les villes intelligentes, la surveillance opérationnelle de grandes infrastructures et l'Internet des Objets (Internet of Things), des flux continus de données doivent être traités dans des délais très brefs. Dans plusieurs domaines, ce traitement est nécessaire pour détecter des modèles, identifier des défaillances et pour guider la prise de décision. Les données sont donc souvent rassemblées et analysées par des environnements logiciels conçus pour le traitement de flux continus de données. Ces environnements logiciels pour le traitement de flux de données déploient les applications sous-la forme d'un graphe orienté ou de dataflow. Un dataflow contient une ou plusieurs sources (i.e. capteurs, passerelles ou actionneurs); opérateurs qui effectuent des transformations sur les données (e.g., filtrage et agrégation); et des sinks (i.e., éviers qui consomment les requêtes ou stockent les données). Nous proposons dans cette thèse un ensemble de stratégies pour placer les opérateurs dans une infrastructure massivement distribuée cloud-edge en tenant compte des caractéristiques des ressources et des exigences des applications. En particulier, nous décomposons tout d'abord le graphe d'application en identifiant quelques comportements tels que des forks et des joints, puis nous le plaçons dynamiquement sur l'infrastructure. Des simulations et un prototype prenant en compte plusieurs paramètres d'application démontrent que notre approche peut réduire la latence de bout en bout de plus de 50% et aussi améliorer d'autres métriques de qualité de service. L'espace de recherche de solutions pour la reconfiguration des opérateurs peut être énorme en fonction du nombre d'opérateurs, de flux, de ressources et de liens réseau. De plus, il est important de minimiser le coût de la migration tout en améliorant la latence. Des travaux antérieurs, Reinforcement Learning (RL) et Monte-Carlo Tree Searh (MCTS) ont été utilisés pour résoudre les problèmes liés aux grands nombres d’actions et d’états de recherche. Nous modélisons le problème de reconfiguration d'applications sous la forme d'un processus de décision de Markov (MDP) et étudions l'utilisation des algorithmes RL et MCTS pour concevoir des plans de reconfiguration améliorant plusieurs métriques de qualité de serviceA large part of this big data is most valuable when analysed quickly, as it is generated. Under several emerging application scenarios, such as in smart cities, operational monitoring of large infrastructure, and Internet of Things (IoT), continuous data streams must be processed under very short delays. In multiple domains, there is a need for processing data streams to detect patterns, identify failures, and gain insights. Data is often gathered and analysed by Data Stream Processing Engines (DSPEs).A DSPE commonly structures an application as a directed graph or dataflow. A dataflow has one or multiple sources (i.e., gateways or actuators); operators that perform transformations on the data (e.g., filtering); and sinks (i.e., queries that consume or store the data). Most complex operator transformations store information about previously received data as new data is streamed in. Also, a dataflow has stateless operators that consider only the current data. Traditionally, Data Stream Processing (DSP) applications were conceived to run in clusters of homogeneous resources or on the cloud. In a cloud deployment, the whole application is placed on a single cloud provider to benefit from virtually unlimited resources. This approach allows for elastic DSP applications with the ability to allocate additional resources or release idle capacity on demand during runtime to match the application requirements.We introduce a set of strategies to place operators onto cloud and edge while considering characteristics of resources and meeting the requirements of applications. In particular, we first decompose the application graph by identifying behaviours such as forks and joins, and then dynamically split the dataflow graph across edge and cloud. Comprehensive simulations and a real testbed considering multiple application settings demonstrate that our approach can improve the end-to-end latency in over 50% and even other QoS metrics. The solution search space for operator reassignment can be enormous depending on the number of operators, streams, resources and network links. Moreover, it is important to minimise the cost of migration while improving latency. Reinforcement Learning (RL) and Monte-Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) have been used to tackle problems with large search spaces and states, performing at human-level or better in games such as Go. We model the application reconfiguration problem as a Markov Decision Process (MDP) and investigate the use of RL and MCTS algorithms to devise reconfiguring plans that improve QoS metrics
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Damian, Camilla, Zehra Eksi-Altay, and Rüdiger Frey. "EM algorithm for Markov chains observed via Gaussian noise and point process information: Theory and case studies." De Gruyter, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/strm-2017-0021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper we study parameter estimation via the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm for a continuous-time hidden Markov model with diffusion and point process observation. Inference problems of this type arise for instance in credit risk modelling. A key step in the application of the EM algorithm is the derivation of finite-dimensional filters for the quantities that are needed in the E-Step of the algorithm. In this context we obtain exact, unnormalized and robust filters, and we discuss their numerical implementation. Moreover, we propose several goodness-of-fit tests for hidden Markov models with Gaussian noise and point process observation. We run an extensive simulation study to test speed and accuracy of our methodology. The paper closes with an application to credit risk: we estimate the parameters of a hidden Markov model for credit quality where the observations consist of rating transitions and credit spreads for US corporations.
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Paulin, Carl. "Detecting anomalies in data streams driven by ajump-diffusion process." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184230.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Jump-diffusion processes often model financial time series as they can simulate the random jumps that they frequently exhibit. These jumps can be seen as anomalies and are essential for financial analysis and model building, making them vital to detect.The realized variation, realized bipower variation, and realized semi-variation were tested to see if one could use them to detect jumps in a jump-diffusion process and if anomaly detection algorithms can use them as features to improve their accuracy. The algorithms tested were Isolation Forest, Robust Random Cut Forest, and Isolation Forest Algorithm for Streaming Data, where the latter two use streaming data. This was done by generating a Merton jump-diffusion process with a varying jump-rate and tested using each algorithm with each of the features. The performance of each algorithm was measured using the F1-score to compare the difference between features and algorithms. It was found that the algorithms were improved from using the features; Isolation Forest saw improvement from using one, or more, of the named features. For the streaming algorithms, Robust Random Cut Forest performed the best for every jump-rate except the lowest. Using a combination of the features gave the highest F1-score for both streaming algorithms. These results show one can use these features to extract jumps, as anomaly scores, and improve the accuracy of the algorithms, both in a batch and stream setting.Hopp-diffusionsprocesser används regelbundet för att modellera finansiella tidsserier eftersom de kan simulera de slumpmässiga hopp som ofta uppstår. Dessa hopp kan ses som anomalier och är viktiga för finansiell analys och modellbyggnad, vilket gör dom väldigt viktiga att hitta. Den realiserade variationen, realiserade bipower variationen, och realiserade semi-variationen är faktorer av en tidsserie som kan användas för att hitta hopp i hopp-diffusionprocesser. De används här för att testa om anomali-detektionsalgoritmer kan använda funktionerna för att förbättra dess förmåga att detektera hopp. Algoritmerna som testades var Isolation Forest, Robust Random Cut Forest, och Isolation Forest Algoritmen för Strömmande data, där de två sistnämnda använder strömmande data. Detta gjordes genom att genera data från en Merton hopp-diffusionprocess med varierande hoppfrekvens där de olika algoritmerna testades med varje funktion samt med kombinationer av funktioner. Prestationen av varje algoritm beräknades med hjälp av F1-värde för att kunna jämföra algoritmerna och funktionerna med varandra. Det hittades att funktionerna kan användas för att extrahera hopp från hopp-diffusionprocesser och även använda de som en indikator för när hopp skulle ha hänt. Algoritmerna fick även ett högre F1-värde när de använde funktionerna. Isolation Forest fick ett förbättrat F1-värde genom att använda en eller fler utav funktionerna och hade ett högre F1-värde än att bara använda funktionerna för att detektera hopp. Robust Random Cut Forest hade högst F1-värde av de två algoritmer som använde strömmande data och båda fick högst F1-värde när man använde en kombination utav alla funktioner. Resultatet visar att dessa funktioner fungerar för att extrahera hopp från hopprocesser, använda dem för att detektera hopp, och att algoritmernas förmåga att detektera hoppen ökade med hjälp av funktionerna.
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Levy, McCanna Karen S. "Employer Perceptions When Applying Criminal History Information to the Hiring Process." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7401.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In recent years, the state of Illinois has joined the "ban the box" movement which typically prohibits employers from inquiring about a prospective employee's criminal history until it has been determined whether the candidate meets the core qualifications for the position. Little, however, is known whether this legislative change has impacted how private employers use criminal history information and to what extent knowledge of criminal history impacts final hiring decisions. Using Kingdon's policy streams concept as a guide, the purpose of this general qualitative study was to understand whether implementation of "ban the box" principles impacts final hiring decisions. Data were collected through interviews with 27 hiring authorities in the state of Illinois. These data were transcribed, inductively coded, and then subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. Findings revealed that when previously convicted applicants were hired for positions, the most common reasons were noted as the quality and presentation of the candidate during the interview, possession of relevant job-related skills, and the candidate appeared remorseful of past behavior. When candidates were rejected by employers, it was most commonly because of a perceived nexus between the convicting offense and essential job requirements. Implications for positive social change include recommendations policy makers to consider future policy development that focuses on balancing the positive consequences of successful offender reentry with concern for public safety. Doing so may encourage lower recidivism and prosocial behavior including improved employment sustainability for those convicted of crimes, thereby promoting overall public safety objectives.
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Alves, Eder Eustáquio. "A Tributação da Economia Digital no Brasil e na União Europeia: Uma Análise do Processo de Agendamento e Formulação de Políticas Públicas." Doctoral thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/21275.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tese de Doutoramento em Administração Pública, Especialidade em Administração e Políticas PúblicasA economia digital, fruto da fusão das tecnologias de informação e de comunicação, tem sido responsável por grandes ganhos de produtividade na nossa sociedade, ao mesmo tempo que impõe desafios aos governos nacionais, em particular na esfera tributária. Partindo do pressuposto de que a tributação é, em si mesma, uma importante política pública, este trabalho tem como objetivo central compreender o processo de agendamento e formulação das políticas públicas para a tributação da economia digital, através da aplicação de modelos de análise às iniciativas em curso no Brasil e na União Europeia (UE). Para que fosse possível o cumprimento do objetivo supramencionado, o esforço de pesquisa desdobrou-se em três frentes principais: (i) a caraterização da economia digital e dos seus impactos nas políticas fiscais; (ii) a análise das principais políticas públicas para a tributação digital em discussão e em implementação no Brasil e na União Europeia, bem como em alguns outros Estados selecionados, e (iii) a realização de dois estudos de caso, do Brasil e da União Europeia, procurando compreender os condicionantes do processo de formação de agenda para o tema, com o auxílio dos modelos teóricos dos Múltiplos Fluxos e do Equilíbrio Pontuado. O estudo dos novos modelos de negócio da economia digital mostrou que as suas características específicas, tais como a geração de valor a partir dos dados dos utilizadores e a capacidade de operar em mercados com consumidores à distância, exigem uma verdadeira reformulação do arcabouço tributário internacional. Entretanto, as políticas públicas para o tema no âmbito internacional têm sido marcadas pela polarização entre os Estados que sediam as grandes empresas digitais e aqueles que possuem os mercados consumidores nos quais estas atuam. Neste sentido, a União Europeia tem tido uma posição paradigmática em defesa de uma maior tributação dos negócios digitais nos Estados onde se encontram os consumidores. Já no Brasil, dono de um sistema tributário complexo e descentralizado, as principais medidas para a tributação digital têm sido marcadas pelo incrementalismo e pela sedimentação institucional, na forma da interpretação da legislação tributária vigente e da sua aplicação aos negócios digitais, o que gera instabilidade jurídica e disputas federativas. Por fim, o estudo do processo político de agendamento da tributação digital mostrou condicionantes diferentes para cada caso. Na Europa, a crise de 2008, que gerou políticas de austeridade e a necessidade de procura de novas bases tributárias, associada à frequente divulgação de escândalos fiscais por parte das grandes empresas digitais, criou o “humor nacional” de injustiça fiscal e permitiu o agendamento do tema na forma da proposta de imposto digital lançada pela Comissão Europeia em 2018. Neste caso, também contribuíram o processo de procura por arenas políticas dentro das instituições da UE, por parte dos Estados europeus com maiores mercados consumidores, e a falha na procura de consenso internacional, a cargo da OCDE, que criou uma “janela de políticas públicas” para a colocação da proposta europeia. Por outro lado, no Brasil, foi observado uma falta de diagnóstico para a problema que decorre, de entre outros fatores, do desfasamento dos efeitos da crise de 2008 no Estado e das crises político-económicas recentes, que impediram maiores debates sobre o tema, aliada a uma grande fragmentação institucional decorrente da própria estrutura federativa e da matriz tributária nacional. Além disso, o debate sobre uma reforma tributária geral no Estado, retomado em 2019 a partir de um novo mandato presidencial de cunho reformista, tem sido marcado pela “imagem política” da simplificação e diminuição da carga tributária, o que impede uma maior discussão sobre propostas de tributação específicas para o setor digital.
The digital economy, the result of the fusion of information and communication technologies, has been responsible for important productivity gains in our society, while imposing challenges on national governments, particularly in the taxation field. Based on the assumption that taxation is, in itself, an important public policy, this work has the central objective of understanding the agenda setting process and policy formulation for public policies for the taxation of the digital economy, through the application of analysis models to initiatives ongoing in Brazil and in the European Union (EU). In order to make it possible to achieve the aforementioned objective, the research effort unfolded on three main fronts: (i) the characterization of the digital economy and its impacts on fiscal policies; (ii) the analysis of the main public policies for digital taxation under discussion and being implemented in Brazil and in the European Union, as well as in some other selected States, and (iii) the realization of two case studies, with respect to Brazil and the European Union, seeking to understand the constraints of the agenda setting process for the theme, with the application of the theoretical models of Multiple Flows and Punctuated Equilibrium. The study of new business models in the digital economy has shown that their specific characteristics, such as the generation of value from user data and the ability to operate in markets with remote consumers, require a real reformulation of the international taxation framework. However, public policies for the topic at the international level have been marked by the polarization between States that host large digital companies and those that have the consumer markets in which they operate. In this sense, the European Union has taken a paradigmatic position in defense of greater taxation of digital businesses in States where consumers are located. In Brazil, which owns a complex and decentralized tax system, the main measures for digital taxation have been marked by incrementalism and institutional sedimentation, in the form of the interpretation of current tax legislation and its application to digital businesses, which creates legal instability and federative disputes. Finally, the study of the agenda setting process for digital taxation showed different determinants for each case. In Europe, the 2008 crisis, which generated austerity policies and the need to search for new tax bases, associated with the frequent disclosure of tax scandals by large digital companies, created the “national mood” of tax injustice and allowed the agenda setting for the theme in the form of the digital tax proposal launched by the European Commission in 2018. In this case, other factors that contributed to the agenda setting were the process of venue shopping within the EU institutions, by European countries with larger consumer markets, and the failure in the pursuit of international consensus, in charge of the OECD, which created a “policy window” for the placement of the European proposal. On the other hand, in Brazil, there is a lack of diagnosis for the problem that relates, among other factors, from the lag of the effects of the 2008 crisis in the State and from the recent political-economic crises, which prevented further debates on the topic, combined with a great institutional fragmentation resulting from the federative structure and from the national tax matrix. In addition, the debate on general tax reform in the State, resumed in 2019 as result of a new reformist presidential mandate, has been marked by the “policy image” of simplifying and reducing the tax burden, which prevents further discussion on specific tax proposals for the digital sector.
N/A
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Chen, Po-han, and 陳柏翰. "A study of using Lean Value Stream Mapping and IE Theory on IC packaging process." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8zrh5m.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士逢甲大學
工業工程與系統管理學系
102
The global of IC industry is towards to highly specialized division of labor. The IC industry in Taiwan has an important status both in IC design, manufacturing, packaging and testing. Functions continuous innovation on electronic products, and trend lighter, thinner, shorter, high-end process forward in today. How can we able to survive in packaging technology continues to progress, and intense global competitive environment, and customers continue to face higher quality requirements, shorter delivery and increasing production costs become a major challenge for the current. Improvements in lean production techniques and concepts in manufacturing and services have been widely used in recent years. Companies have to think about that how to make continuous improvements to reduce waste and increase the competitiveness of enterprises. There weren&;#39;t much study about the actual application results of Lean Value Stream Mapping tool in IC packaging. They mostly offered corporate of design ideal future based on Lean philosophy. This study will combine Lean Value Stream, IE&;#39;s Work Study of Process Analysis and Time Study, and use the most common scale to measure-time, and figure out the bottleneck in the production process. Use appropriate IE improvement tools to analyze and actual verification. The results of this study showed that Lean tool combine with IE tool applications, it got significant improvements in Lead Frame’s process of the IC packaging industry. The result of improvement was described as follows: FS station&;#39;s process time has reduction by 5.6%, lead time has reduction by 15%, WIP has reduction by 19%, overall production process has reduction by 1.4%, and we got higher UPD. Finally, we also found that the bottleneck was transferred to other process. This study showed the success of combination between Lean tool and IE tool applications. We hope this previous improving thinking will be able to adopt in IC packaging industry, using continuous improvement Production process to achieve the smooth flow target for the company to seek more and more profits.
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Greeff, Lydia. "Investigation into the production optimization of a dry mixing batch plant / Lydia Greeff." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/15270.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation reports the investigation and combination of optimization methodologies
and the result of implementing them within a production environment.
A literature survey was conducted on the optimization methodologies Lean Manufacturing
and theory of constraints (TOC).
A number of production optimization methodologies were studied and considered for
application to the case study organisation. Due to the small size and relative simplicity of the
operation, these methodologies had to be simplified and combined into a more relevant
form.
A refractory manufacturer was used as a case study for the investigation into the
optimization of the dry batch plant. Lean Manufacturing and TOC are optimization
methodologies that could be employed to optimize the dry batch plant.
Tools from these methodologies were used to investigate problems identified within the
production process that were causing the batching plant to perform non-optimally. A time
and motion study was conducted and a process flow chart was created to understand the
production process. Wasteful activities were identified using a value stream map and a flow
process chart was used to visualise the movement within the production process. A 5-Why
analysis was conducted to determine the root causes.
An optimization plan was created to eliminate the wasteful activities and the operational
measures, that is throughput, inventory and operating expense, were used as to determine
what the effect the optimization plan would have on the wasteful activities (Lean
Manufacturing) found within the batching plant and the organisation.
The results of the combined effect of the optimization plan are discussed focusing on the
improvements in the operational measures and the increase in profit from sales.
Future research is suggested to improve the benchmarking of the optimization plan and any
future improvements that the organisation might implement.MSc (Development and Management Engineering), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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Butcher, John Roylance. "Compacts between government and the not-for-profit sector : a comparative case study of national and sub-national cross-sector policy frameworks." Phd thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/11811.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Policy interest in the not-for-profit (NFP) sector has grown in step with government’s
interest in leveraging the capacity of non-state players to perform service delivery
functions. Once consigned to the periphery of policy-making, the NFP sector is now
widely accepted as an essential player in a mixed economy of service provision.
Increasingly, the achievement of public policy objectives requires working
collaboratively across sector boundaries.
Government’s engagement with NFP service providers has, on many occasions, been
found wanting. The use of competitive tendering and contracting for the purpose of
leveraging greater economic and technical efficiency, choice, responsiveness and
innovation in the delivery of selected statutory public services has introduced a range of
tensions, contradictions and externalities including failures to fund the full cost of
service delivery, the uncertainty of year-to-year contracts, burdensome reporting and
compliance requirements, and the substitution of competitive behaviours for collegiality
among NFP providers. In the process, the role of NFP organisations as sources of policy
advice and legitimacy were devalued.
Governments around the world have attempted to regularise relations with the NFP
sector through the adoption of formal cross-sector policy frameworks – or ‘compacts’.
Compacts serve a number of purposes, some explicit, others implicit. Explicit purposes
include the regularisation of relations between the public and third sectors by
establishing agreed rules of engagement; creating pathways for investment in sector
capacity and capability; and enunciating the values and behaviours required for
effective cross-sector working. Implicit purposes include a desire by governments to
better manage the politics of their relationships with the third sector, and a desire by the
sector to re-weight its policy influence within a strongly asymmetric relationship with
government.
This research takes the form of a comparative multi-case study and relies upon a rich
primary and secondary literature, supplemented by interviews with elite policy actors in
Australia and New Zealand. It aims for a deep contextual understanding of the range of
factors contributing to the spread of compacts amongst Anglo-Saxon jurisdictions.
Employing Kingdon’s (1995) process streams analysis as a heuristic framework for analysis, this thesis seeks to understand why cross-sector policy frameworks have
entered onto the public policy agenda in the UK, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
In Kingdon’s schema, ‘policy windows’ open when three ‘process streams’ converge:
the problem stream, the policy stream and the politics stream. The prospect of any
solution attaining high ‘agenda status’ can be enhanced by the efforts of ‘policy
entrepreneurs’ capable of recognising and exploiting those ‘policy windows’.
This study finds that in each of the jurisdictions examined, formal proposals for
compacts or similar frameworks have: (a) been preceded by a broad recognition that
aspects of the relationship between government and the NFP sector have become
problematic; (b) been promoted within various policy communities as a feasible
solution to acknowledged problems; and (c) entered onto the public policy agenda at
politically propitious moments. The study found that the implementation and impact of
cross-sector policy frameworks is highly variable. Nevertheless, political and policy
attachment to compacts and similar frameworks appears to be on-going.
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Lu, Yue-Hsuan, and 盧悅萱. "Apply for the Suspension of Disbelief Theory to Explore Readers’ Information Acceptance Process to Street Snap ward Placement in Amateur." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35104682775216209560.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士中國文化大學
新聞學系
102
The results showed that the original readers of the print magazine reading process is a low involvement, but the Amateur Street Snap could be upgrade reader's willingness to accept a message for the magazine. Under the involvement of changing the minds of the reader to exclude advertising messages of the original concerns, and are willing to immerse in the context provided by the print magazine, the site is suspended due to the generation of readers to doubt the advertising messages are generated. Finally, look forward to the research results can provide recommendations on the future of product placement in the print media.
Книги з теми "Process stream theory"
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Kovtunenko, Aleksey, Lyudmila Buslovskaya, Vasil'evich Nikolay, and Dmitrievna Svetlana. Physiological aspects of adaptation of farm animals to stressors. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1867635.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The monograph presents the results of their own research on the study of bioenergetics, acid-base homeostasis of the internal environment, adaptation processes under the action of stress factors on the body of farm animals and analyzes the scientific literature on this problem. The peculiarities of adaptation of cattle and poultry to the action of high and low air temperatures, regrouping, transportation, weighing operations, vaccination and blood collection, and others are discussed. The influence of these stressors on the energy metabolism and productivity of animals is considered.
It is intended for physiologists and all specialists dealing with the problems of adaptation and increasing the productivity of farm animals.
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Forgetta, Emanuela. La città e la casa Spazi urbani e domestici in Maria Aurèlia Capmany, Natalia Ginzburg, Elsa Morante e Mercè Rodoreda. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-586-5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research work aims at the reconstruction of literary spaces created by four great female authors of the twentieth century. Analysed individually or from a comparative perspective, the texts solicit a reflection on the representation of space in literature produced by women. The focus of the investigation is the dynamic contrast that, at the moment of perception, is established between the ‘internal’, and therefore subjective, dimension and the ‘external’ dimension, regulated by the social context in which the subject moves. The work consists of three parts: the first part establishes the parameters within which the research is organised; the second part investigates the process of reappropriation of the city – a place of almost exclusive male prerogative – by the protagonists of the proposed novels and their “walking down the street” as a device of spatial organisation. In the third and last part, the female perception of the domestic space is analysed. A place of female confinement par excellence, it shows, even in literature, an ambivalent character, as an expression of abuse and affection at the same time. From the ‘spatial’ reinterpretation of the proposed works, therefore, both the intimate representation of space and the historical-social evaluation of the context in which the protagonists, and their own authors, move, emerge.
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Reay, Trish, Tammar B. Zilber, Ann Langley, and Haridimos Tsoukas, eds. Institutions and Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198843818.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Institutions—the structures, practices, and meanings that define what people and organizations think, do, and aspire to—are created through process. They are “work in progress” that involves continual efforts to maintain, modify, or disturb them. Institutional logics are also in motion, holding varying degrees of dominance that change over time. This volume brings together two streams of thought within organization theory—institutional theory and process perspective—to advocate for stronger process ontology that highlights institutions as emergent, generative, political, and social. A stronger process view allows us to challenge our understanding of central concepts within institutional theory, such as “loose coupling,” “institutional work,” the work of institutional logics on the ground, and institutionalization between diffusion and translation. Enriched with an emphasis on practice and widened by taking a broad view of institutions, this volume draws on the Ninth International Symposium on Process Organization Studies to offer key insights that will inform our thinking of institutions as processes.
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Mele, Alfred R. Libertarianism and Human Agency. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190659974.003.0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter’s guiding question is about indeterministic agent-internal processes that are still at work in a decision-producing causal stream when a decision results. The question is this: If incompatibilism is true, what contribution might such processes make to there being directly free decisions beyond being sufficient for the falsity of determinism? Two answers are offered, one for philosophers who believe that freely A-ing does not depend on being able to do otherwise than A and one for philosophers who reject this belief. Topics discussed in the course of developing these answers include Frankfurt-style cases, evidence of indeterministic processes in decision-producing causal streams, and evidence regarding the existence of agent-causal powers.
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Saha, Pradip K. Aluminum Extrusion Technology. ASM International, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.aet.9781627083362.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Aluminum Extrusion Technology covers the theory and practice of extrusion and its application in the production of aluminum alloy parts. The first few chapters discuss the mechanics and thermodynamics of direct and indirect extrusion processes and the effect of key variables such as strain and strain rate, friction, pressure, flow stress, and temperature. Subsequent chapters explain how to implement and maintain industrial-scale aluminum extrusion processes. The chapters cover extrusion presses and equipment, tooling and die design, billet casting, and process control. They also provide information on the extrusion characteristics of soft, medium, and hard alloys and discuss the use of statistical process and quality control. For information on the print version, ISBN 978-0-87170-644-7, follow this link.
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Lorino, Philippe. The pragmatist influence on managerial ideas and practices. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198753216.003.0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A key idea of pragmatism is the inseparability of theory and practice, thought and action. Pragmatism is said to have had few contacts with the organizational world, and few direct practical applications, except in the domain of education. In particular, the pragmatist direct influence on the managerial world is often undervalued. However, pragmatist ideas have had a significant impact on managerial doctrines and can be traced in today’s debates amongst organization practitioners. This chapter studies three of those channels: Follett’s direct or indirect (for example through Chester Barnard’s work) influence on the corporate world as well as the management of public institutions; the stream of action research and reflection-in-action, in particular Donald Schön’s work; and the development of the quality movement as an anti-Taylorian revolution, deeply influenced by pragmatist thinkers (exploratory inquiry, community of inquiry, instrumental mediations, process perspective), more recently distorted into a Taylorian revival under the “lean management” label.
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Inayatullah, Naeem, and David L. Blaney. Units, Markets, Relations, and Flow: Beyond Interacting Parts to Unfolding Wholes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.272.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Heterodox work in Global Political Economy (GPE) finds its motive force in challenging the ontological atomism of International Political Economy (IPE) orthodoxy. Various strains of heterodoxy that have grown out of dependency theory and World-Systems Theory (WST), for example, emphasize the social whole: Individual parts are given form and meaning within social relations of domination produced by a history of violence and colonial conquest. An atomistic approach, they stress, seems designed to ignore this history of violence and relations of domination by making bargaining among independent units the key to explaining the current state of international institutions. For IPE, it is precisely this atomistic approach, largely inspired by the ostensible success of neoclassical economics, which justifies its claims to scientific rigor. International relations can be modeled as a market-like space, in which individual actors, with given preferences and endowments, bargain over the character of international institutional arrangements. Heterodox scholars’ treatment of social processes as indivisible wholes places them beyond the pale of acceptable scientific practice. Heterodoxy appears, then, as the constitutive outside of IPE orthodoxy.Heterodox GPE perhaps reached its zenith in the 1980s. Just as heterodox work was being cast out from the temple of International Relations (IR), heterodox scholars, building on earlier work, produced magisterial studies that continue to merit our attention. We focus on three texts: K. N. Chaudhuri’s Asia Before Europe (1990), Eric Wolf’s Europe and the People Without History (1982), and L. S. Stavrianos’s Global Rift (1981). We select these texts for their temporal and geographical sweep and their intellectual acuity. While Chaudhuri limits his scope to the Indian Ocean over a millennium, Wolf and Stavrianos attempt an anthropology and a history, respectively, of European expansion, colonialism, and the rise of capitalism in the modern era. Though the authors combine different elements of material, political, and social life, all three illustrate the power of seeing the “social process” as an “indivisible whole,” as Schumpeter discusses in the epigram below. “Economic facts,” the region, or time period they extract for detailed scrutiny are never disconnected from the “great stream” or process of social relations. More specifically, Chaudhuri’s work shows notably that we cannot take for granted the distinct units that comprise a social whole, as does the IPE orthodoxy. Rather, such units must be carefully assembled by the scholar from historical evidence, just as the institutions, practices, and material infrastructure that comprise the unit were and are constructed by people over the longue durée. Wolf starts with a world of interaction, but shows that European expansion and the rise and spread of capitalism intensified cultural encounters, encompassing them all within a global division of labor that conditioned the developmental prospects of each in relation to the others. Stavrianos carries out a systematic and relational history of the First and Third Worlds, in which both appear as structural positions conditioned by a capitalist political economy. By way of conclusion, we suggest that these three works collectively inspire an effort to overcome the reification and dualism of agents and structures that inform IR theory and arrive instead at “flow.”
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Brown, Andrew D., ed. The Oxford Handbook of Identities in Organizations. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198827115.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Conceived as the meanings that individuals attach to their selves, a substantial stockpile of identities-related theorizing, accumulated across the arts, social sciences and humanities over many decades, continues to nourish contemporary research on self-identities in organizations. Moreover, in times which are more reflexive, narcissistic and liquid the identities of participants in organizations are increasingly less fixed, less secure and less certain, making identities issues both more salient and more interesting. Particular attention has focused on processes of identity construction (often styled ‘identity work’), how, why and when such processes occur, and their implications for organizing and individual, group and organizational outcomes. This has resulted in a burgeoning stream of research from discursive, dramaturgical, symbolic, socio-cognitive, and psychodynamic perspectives that (most often) casts individualsâ efforts to fabricate identities as intentional, relational, and consequential. Seemingly intractable debates centred on the nature of identities â their relative stability/fluidity, whether they are best regarded as coherent or fractured, positive (or not) and how they are fabricated within relations of power â combined with other conceptual issues, continue to invigorate the field, but have led also to some scepticism regarding the future potential of identities research. As the chapters in this handbook demonstrate, however, there are considerable grounds for optimism that identity, as root metaphor, nexus concept and means to bridge levels of analysis, has significant generative utility for multiple streams of theorizing in organization and management studies.
9
Belamarić, Josip, Dražen Pejković, and Ana Šverko. Istraživanja u urbanističkom planiranju : pedagoška bilježnica vol. 2 = Urban Planning Research : Pedagogical Notebook Vol. 2. Edited by Hrvoje Bartulović, Saša Begović, Dražen Pejković, Ana Šverko, and Ivana Vlaić. University of Split, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Geodesy, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31534/9789536116850.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Second Pedagogical Notebook is a continuation of the first ‘notebook’, dedicated to the Urban Planning Research course. The course and the notebook were created by Prof. Ivana Šverko, with the aim of offering students of architecture in Split the basics of urban planning research in a Mediterranean context. The idea behind the pedagogical notebook is to contribute to the recognition of the research phase as an essential starting point in the entire, complicated process of urban planning and design, as well as an understanding of research methodologies in specific spatial and social conditions. One of the ideal real-world templates for realising this goal is Zrinsko- Frankopanska Street, which developed along one of the Split peninsula’s Roman centuriation lines. This street connects the historical southern city harbour with the newer, northern one. Zrinsko-Frankopanska is an exceptionally important city street, and along its length there are a range of buildings dating from the ancient period to the 21st century, with almost every historical period represented. It is here that the most diverse range of public facilities can be found. The students mapped, studied, and analysed this city street, using historical and morphological analysis of spatial connections, greenery, the relationship between the public and the private, the accessible and inaccessible spaces, purpose, urban equipment, and so on. In doing so, they also noted relevant everyday human activities such as disposing of rubbish, as well as things such as the position and content of graffiti. They also included morphography – the description of forms without reference to their sources and development process – in their analytical approach. After the research phase, the students were instructed to target the problems they detected by proposing improvements to the existing elements, or by redesigning them. They were also required to open up the possibility of alternate uses for the space, up to the point in the design process when an architect or designer would usually take over. By presenting the study of a specific segment in this book, we wish to help students consider the complexity of the urban tissue, define the basic urban elements, research development processes, the typological and morphological characteristics of constriction and, ultimately, to identify everything that constitutes the “urban space as a whole”. We wish to guide them so that with their unique knowledge and tools, and their inclusion of all the other relevant professions in the processes of urban planning, they can become architects with sound professional and ethical principles, and develop into a new generation of responsible city-builders.
10
Mason, Peggy. Seeing the World. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190237493.003.0015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modern life is highly dependent on high-acuity vision, and this chapter emphasizes the mechanisms and pathways that support high-acuity or form vision. Because the most common visual impairment is refractive error, the refractive power of the cornea and lens is described at some length. The processes of emmetropization, accommodation, and far viewing are considered. The participation of the outer retina in phototransduction and the visual cycle are detailed, and relevant diseases, including retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration, are introduced. The neural processes that transform different wavelengths of light into color perception and common forms of color blindness are explained. Visual processing within cortex, including processing through the dorsal and visual streams, are presented. The process through which babies learn to interpret the firing in their brains as representing visual objects and the importance of the initial years of life to this process are described.
Частини книг з теми "Process stream theory"
1
Burattin, Andrea. "Streaming Process Mining." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 349–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-08848-3_11.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractStreaming process mining refers to the set of techniques and tools which have the goal of processing a stream of data (as opposed to a finite event log). The goal of these techniques, similarly to their corresponding counterparts described in the previous chapters, is to extract relevant information concerning the running processes. This chapter presents an overview of the problems related to the processing of streams, as well as a categorization of the existing solutions. Details about control-flow discovery and conformance checking techniques are also presented together with a brief overview of the state of the art.
2
Tommasini, Riccardo. "Velocity on the Web." In Special Topics in Information Technology, 85–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62476-7_8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractA new generation of Web Applications is pushing the Web infrastructure to process data as soon as they arrive and before they are no longer valuable. However, the Web infrastructure as it is not adequate, and Stream Processing technologies cannot deal with heterogeneous data streams and events. To solve these issues, we need to investigate how to identify, represent, and process streams and events on the Web. In this chapter, we discuss the recent advancements for taming Velocity on the Web of Data without neglecting Data Variety. Thus, we present a Design Science research investigation that builds on the state of the art of Stream Reasoning and RDF Stream Processing. We present our research results, for representing and processing stream and events on the Web, and we discuss their potential impact.
3
Wang, Chi-Yuen, and Michael Manga. "Stream Flow." In Lecture Notes in Earth System Sciences, 201–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64308-9_7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractChanges in stream discharge after earthquakes are among the most interesting hydrologic responses because they are visible at Earth’s surface and can be dramatic. Here we focus on changes that persist for extended periods but have no obvious source. Such increases have been documented for a long time but their origins are still under debate. We first review some general characteristics of streamflow responses to earthquakes; we then discuss several mechanisms that have been proposed to explain these responses and the source of the extra water. The different hypotheses imply different crustal processes and different water–rock interactions during the earthquake cycle. In most instances, these hypotheses are under-constrained. We suggest that multiple mechanisms may be activated by an earthquake.
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Bartlett, Harry, Ali Alhamdan, Leonie Simpson, Ed Dawson, and Kenneth Koon-Ho Wong. "Weaknesses in the Initialisation Process of the Common Scrambling Algorithm Stream Cipher." In Sequences and Their Applications - SETA 2014, 220–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12325-7_19.
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Wimbauer, Anna, Florian Richter, and Thomas Seidl. "PErrCas: Process Error Cascade Mining in Trace Streams." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 224–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-98581-3_17.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractEfficient and quick detection of problems is an essential task in online process monitoring. Many anomaly detection approaches excel in finding local deviations. We propose a novel approach that tracks local deviations over multiple process instances and visualizes correlations of deviation points. PErrCas provides knowledge about current cascades of deviations to give process analysts a starting point for rational root-cause analysis if processes leave their in-control parameters. PErrCas monitors deviations online and maintains cascades of varying timespans. Hence, our approach avoids defining an observation window beforehand, which is a significant advantage due to its impracticability to predefine expected cascade properties in exploratory scenarios.
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Mahringer, Christian A. "Analyzing Digital Trace Data to Promote Discovery – The Case of Heatmapping." In Business Process Management Workshops, 209–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94343-1_16.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractBusiness Process Management and Routine Dynamics are two streams of research that both explore process. To this end, Business Process Management has developed a rich array of methods that can be used to analyze digital trace data. Routine Dynamics has put less emphasis on the analysis of digital trace data, but it has advanced a methodological approach that promotes discovery, i.e., the process that actors perform and experience as they develop novel insights. This paper argues that the analysis of digital trace data can promote the process of discovery. It uses heatmapping as a specific example to show how analyzing digital trace data can promote discovery. The paper thus emphasizes a specific way how Business Process Management and Routine Dynamics can fertilize each other.
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Kumar, P. Suresh, P. S. Minhas, V. Govindasamy, and R. L. Choudhary. "Influence of Moisture Stress on Growth, Development, Physiological Process and Quality of Fruits and Vegetables and Its Management Strategies." In Approaches to Plant Stress and their Management, 125–48. New Delhi: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1620-9_7.
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Dato, Moïra, and Pascale Gorguet-Ballesteros. "Lyonnais silks «ad uttimo gusto»: the trade in fashionable waistcoats between France and Italy in the second half of the 18th century." In La moda come motore economico: innovazione di processo e prodotto, nuove strategie commerciali, comportamento dei consumatori / Fashion as an economic engine: process and product innovation, commercial strategies, consumer behavior, 173–200. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-565-3.12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Throughout the 18th century, Lyonnais silk manufacturing was constantly creating, adapting and transforming products in response to the evolution of fashion, which was both a profitable tool and a turbulent stream to harness. The male waistcoat is an excellent example of the difficult exercise in which merchant manufacturers engaged in order to secure their markets. Although not originally a specialty of the French city, the waistcoat eventually became a key item in Lyonnais production, selling very successfully in France and abroad. In this article, we analyse trade with Italy in order to explore in detail how the Lyonnais adapted to changes in fashion and used them to their advantage in order to stimulate consumption while navigating the challenges of a foreign market.
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Bijlsma, Tom. "What’s on the Human Mind? Decision Theory and Deterrence." In NL ARMS, 437–54. The Hague: T.M.C. Asser Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-6265-419-8_23.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIndeed, deterrence, as Freedman and Mazarr recount in this volume in respectively Chaps. 10.1007/978-94-6265-419-8_1 and 10.1007/978-94-6265-419-8_2, aims to dissuade an opponent from taking undesirable actions. Clear communication of demands (a red line for instance), coupled with a credible threat to inflict pain if necessary, and demonstration of resolve are some obvious essential elements for creating effective deterrence. Success crucially also depends on whether the opponent receives the intended signal, interprets it as intended, and has the perception that the message is congruent with reality, i.e., that the opponent can make good on her threats. Success furthermore assumes that the demands communicated are acceptable. If those prerequisites exist, theory suggests a rational actor will back down, after weighing the benefits of the envisioned actions versus the potential costs that may result when the threat is executed. This chapter offers a synthesis of insights that have appeared since the 1980s that fundamentally challenge that assumption of rationality. This contribution about the workings of the human mind concerns the various filters and cognitive shortcuts that colour the incoming stream of information and the processes to digest it and come to a decision.
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Adhikari, Puspa L., Wokil Bam, Pamela L. Campbell, Francois Oberhaensli, Marc Metian, Marc Besson, Hugo Jacob, and Peter W. Swarzenski. "Evaluating Microplastic Experimental Design and Exposure Studies in Aquatic Organisms." In Microplastic in the Environment: Pattern and Process, 69–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78627-4_3.
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AbstractEnvironmental microplastic particles (MPs) represent a potential threat to many aquatic animals, and experimental exposure studies, when done well, offer a quantitative approach to assess this stress systematically and reliably. While the scientific literature on MP studies in aquatic environments is rapidly growing, there is still much to learn, and this chapter presents a brief overview of some of the successful methods and pitfalls in experimental MP exposure studies. A short overview of some experimental design types and recommendations are also presented. A proper experimental exposure study will yield useful information on MP-organism impacts and must include the following: a comprehensive MP characterization (e.g., density, buoyancy, type, nature, size, shape, concentration, color, degree of weathering/biofilm formation, an assessment of co-contaminant/surfactant toxicity and behavior, an understanding exposure modes, dose and duration, and the type and life stage of the target species). Finally, more conventional experimental considerations, such as time, costs, and access to clean water, specialized instrumentation, and use of appropriate controls, replicate, and robust statistical analyses are also vital. This short review is intended as a necessary first step towards standardization of experimental MP exposure protocols so one can more reliably assess the transport and fate of MP in the aquatic environment as well as their potential impacts on aquatic organisms.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Process stream theory"
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Shui, Huanyi, Xiaoning Jin, and Jun Ni. "Roll-to-Roll Manufacturing System Modeling and Analysis by Stream of Variation Theory." In ASME 2016 11th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2016-8722.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A multistage system that consists of multiple stages for sequential operations to finish products is widely employed in modern manufacturing systems. Due to the characteristics of multistage systems, the product quality not only depends on operations in current stage but is also affected by operations in upstream stages. Most existing studies use Stream of Variation models to analyze error propagation and interactions among multiple stages in discrete manufacturing systems such as machining shops and assembly systems. In this paper, a multistage model based on the “Stream of Variation” concept is developed to investigate the tension propagation in a flexible material roll-to-roll manufacturing system. This modeling method uses a physical model coupled with a data-driven model to correlate the roller operation performance and product quality characteristics. Torque equilibrium analysis and Hooke’s law are employed for physical model and the censored regression model is used to explore unknown structures/parameters. A web unwinding process demonstrates the feasibility and prediction performance of the proposed model. The result shows that the proposed multistage model can serve as a virtual metrology method to increase system visibility, enhance health management capability and eventually improve product quality.
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Djurdjanovic, Dragan, and Jie Zhu. "Stream of Variation Based Error Compensation Strategy in Multi-Stage Manufacturing Processes." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-81550.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Linear state space Stream of Variation (SoV) models of error flow in multistation assembly and machining systems have been well studied in the past decade. SoV models were utilized for identification of process-level root causes of manufacturing errors, quantitative characterization of measurements in multistation manufacturing systems, systematic selection of measurement points and features, as well as tolerance allocation and process design. Nevertheless, natural connection of the linear state space form of SoV models with traditional control theory has not been utilized to automatically compensate observed manufacturing errors and thus close the quality control loop. Recent advances in measurement technology and flexible fixtures make such operations possible and in this paper, we propose a method for strategic elimination of root causes of quality problems based on the SoV models of the flow of manufacturing errors. Furthermore, the concept of compensability that quantitatively depicts the capacity of error compensation in a specific system is proposed. Based on this concept analogous to the controllability in the traditional control theory, compensable and non-compensable subspaces of dimensional errors are identified and quantitatively described. Theoretical results have been demonstrated using the SoV model of a real industrial process used for machining of automotive cylinder heads.
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Ding, Yu, Jianjun Shi, and Dariusz Ceglarek. "Diagnosability Analysis of Multi-Station Manufacturing Processes." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32343.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Variation propagation in a multi-station manufacturing process (MMP) is described by the theory of “Stream of Variation.” Given that the measurements are obtained via certain sensor distribution scheme, the problem of whether the stream of variation of an MMP is diagnosable is of great interest to both academia and industry. We present a comprehensive study of the diagnosability of MMPs in this paper. It is based on the state space model and is parallel to the concept of observability in control theory. Analogous to the observability matrix and index, the diagnosability matrix and index are first defined and then derived for MMP systems. The result of diagnosability study is applied to the evaluation of sensor distribution strategy. It can also be used as the basis to develop an optimal sensor distribution algorithm. An example of a three-station assembly process with multi-fixture layouts is presented to illustrate the methodology.
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Chung-Hua, Wu, Zhao Xiaolu, and Qin Lisen. "Three-Dimensional Rotational Flow in Transonic Turbomachines: Part II — Full 3D Flow in CAS Rotor Obtained by Using a Number of S1 and S2 Stream Filaments." In ASME 1990 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/90-gt-013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The general theory for three–dimensional flow in subsonic and supersonic turbomachines has recently been extended to transonic turbomachines. In Part II of the paper, quasi– and full three–dimensional solutions of the transonic flow in the CAS rotor are presented. The solutions are obtained by iterative calculation between a number of S1 stream filaments and, respectively, a central S2 stream filament and a number of S2m stream filaments. Relatively simple methods developed recently for solving the transonic flow along S1 and S2 stream filaments are used in the calculation. The three–dimensional flow fields in the CAS rotor obtained by the present method are presented in detail with special emphasis on the converging process for the configuration of the S1 and S2 stream filaments. The three–dimensional flow fields obtained in the quasi– and full 3D solutions are quite similar, but the former gives a lower peak Mach number and a smaller circumferential variation in Mach number than the latter. A comparison between the theoretical solution and the Laser–2–Focus measurement shows that the character of the transonic flow including the 3D shock structure is in good agreement, but the measured velocity is slightly higher than the calculated one over most of the flow field.
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Guo Chunsheng, Du Qianqian, and Feng Shiwei. "Error correction of theory model in process-stress accelerated test." In 2011 International Conference on Electronics and Optoelectronics (ICEOE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iceoe.2011.6013402.
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Som, Abhijit. "Generalized Reynolds Analogy: An Engineering Prospective of Thermo-Fluid Physics for Heat Exchanger Design." In ASME 2021 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2021-65820.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In practical interest of Reynolds analogy for power and process industries, in a unified system approach an engineering prospective of thermo-fluid physics has been proposed by developing a theory of basic heat exchanger design and analysis. Needless to mention of excellent books on heat exchangers, this paper focuses on the novelty of heat exchanger, which in author’s view depends upon the possibility of energy exchange between two fluid streams at different temperatures. Since operation cannot be random, the principal act of design is to engineer a product such that it operates in specified manner to perform its desired function of de-energizing one stream by virtue of energizing the other. With law of the integral as the guiding principle of physics, it shall be made clear that energy exchange in the form of heat must be accompanied by energy transfer such that heat exchanger must operate due to simultaneous process of cooling and heating of the fluid streams with an intervening medium. To unlock the secret of steady operation a fundamental postulate concerning thermodynamic behavior of the system has been made by invoking zeroth law of thermodynamics. Remarkably, it lends itself a necessary and sufficient condition concerning proportionality between heat-flux and required temperature difference to yield fluids unique thermal response in relation to the heat transfer surface temperature. Consequently, far-reaching physical implications of the constant of proportionality on system design can be clearly exposed of with due consideration to Eulerian descriptions of conservation principles according to Newton’s mechanical theory. Consistently enough, because of thermal non-equilibrium, effectiveness of system design and off design performance warrants a fundamental theorem like one suggested by Reynolds concerning augmentation of thermal diffusion due to fluid motion. Accordingly, flow rates become critical operating parameters for thermal performance and pressure drop requirements. Furthermore, and most importantly, in support of the theorem an order magnitude analysis appears to be in order, to show the dependence of flow resistance and hence, system thermal response on fluid flow behavior in terms of non-dimensional parameters. As a result, it is made clear that development of design correlations for friction factor and non-dimensional heat transfer coefficient in terms of both Reynolds number and Prandtl number is an integral part of heat exchanger design process by gathering experimental data. Finally, generalized mathematical statement of Reynolds analogy has been obtained relating Stanton number with friction factor, which reduces to our familiar expression for Prandtl number of unity.
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Liu, Cong, and Hui Liu. "Coordinated Control of AFS and DYC for 4WID-EVS Handling and Stability Based on Driving State Prediction." In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2020-vdc-042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Considering that the driver's response was not timely under extreme conditions, and there was a time delay between the driver's behavior and the actuator, which would destabilize the vehicle. A coordinated control strategy based on driving state prediction was designed for improving 4WID-EVS lateral stability and handling performance through direct yaw moment control system (DYC) and active front steering (AFS). Firstly, the coordinated control strategy of AFS and DYC was designed, which consisted of two parts: (1) A stability judgeing method based on sideslip angle and sideslip angular velocity phase plane was proposed. The phase plane stability boundary coefficient was adjusted by the road adhesion coefficient, which divided the coordination control region reasonably, so as to judge whether the vehicle was unstable and switched the appropriate subsystem. (2) A driving state prediction algorithm based on data stream mining technology and Markov theory was proposed. The fuzzy control theory which had good robustness was applied, the driving state in the future were made as the inputs, which could determine the weight coefficients of AFS and DYC in advance and effectively avoid the potential danger of entering the unstable state. Secondly, the nonlinear 3-dof vehicle model was used as the reference model, and AFS control strategy was designed based on model predictive control (MPC) theory. At the same time, in order to avoid no solution in the calculation process and improve the convergence speed of the solution process, the relaxation factor was introduced. The quadratic programming algorithm was adopted to find the optimal solution, so as to adjust the front wheel angle in real time to follow the desired path. In order to make up for the deficiency of AFS control strategy, the feedforward - feedback DYC control strategy was designed. A variable weight coefficient LQR feedback control strategy was proposed, and the matrix weight coefficient could be adjusted in real time according to the vehicle steering state in the future and the road adhesion coefficient at the present. Finally, the accuracy and real-time of the prediction algorithm were verified according to different and actual driving cycle data. The simulation experiments of typical working conditions were carried out based on commercial dynamics simulation software to verify the effectiveness of the coordinated control strategy. The simulation results showed that the coordinated control method of AFS and DYC proposed had better effect of driving stability control, which provided a new method for the design of vehicle active safety. KEY WORDS: distributed drive, coordination control, data stream mining, Markov, MPC
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Li, Deying, Huanlong Chen, Yanping Song, Ke Cui, and Hiroharu Ooyama. "Numerical Investigation of Two-Phase Wet Steam Flow With Spontaneous Condensation Based on Euler S2 Calculation Method." In ASME Turbo Expo 2015: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2015-42254.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Euler equation suitable for the S2 stream surface calculation is derived in the arbitrary orthogonal coordinate system firstly. The numerical method for the two-phase wet steam flow with the spontaneous condensation is then developed on basis of the Euler S2 calculation code, the Eulerian/Eulerian multiphase model and the classic nucleation theory. To adapt the complex geometry of the turbine blades, the Euler equations for the S2 stream surface calculation method are derived in the body-fitted coordinate system. The mathematical model for the third order TVD scheme with the non-conservative variables is also developed for the gas phase governing equation. The 2nd order NND and the VanLeer scheme are applied to the variable reconstruction and the numerical flux calculation respectively in the liquid equations solving process. The pressure and the droplet radii distribution fit well with the experimental data for both the high pressure nozzle and the low pressure nozzle. The S2 calculation method is also employed to predict the performance of a 3-stage low pressure steam turbine with spontaneous steam condensation, and the reasonable results are obtained. The numerical method developed in the present work is able to predict the real wet steam flow with the spontaneous condensation and its impact on the flow field and the aerodynamic parameters distribution reasonably, supplying a fast and accurate technic and method to the steam turbine design.
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Gong, Xu, Hossein Shahandeh, Gordon Maclsaac, Hamed Motahhari, Mark Beckman, and Lu Dong. "Cyclic Solvent Process Commercial Optimization." In SPE Canadian Energy Technology Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/208965-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Cyclic Solvent Process (CSP) is a non-thermal solvent-based heavy oil recovery technology that was invented and developed by Imperial Oil Resources Limited through a multi-year integrated research program. The commercial viability of potential development concepts and their associated uncertainties are also an active area of investigation. A key input to an economic model is the global (or development level) flow stream. The conventional approach of developing the global flow stream involves the determination of well schedule through a well prioritization algorithm that adheres to a set of flow stream capacity constraints. The resulting flow streams can then be passed to an economic tool to evaluate a set of KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) in an uncoupled manner. One of the main challenges encountered in this approach is that it is difficult to optimize the overall economic performance due to (1) the absence of well-defined objective function, (2) the decoupling of the flow stream generation and the economic calculations, (3) the pre-defined characteristics of the well prioritization algorithm. The main objective of this study is to develop a mathematical optimization model for CSP commercial projects. A two-stage optimization framework, which integrates Genetic Algorithm (GA) as master optimizer and Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) as sub-optimizer, is described. A conceptual commercial scenario is simulated as a case study and economic uplift is demonstrated.
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Li, Bing, Don R. Metzger, and Tim J. Nye. "Reliability Analysis of the Tube Hydroforming Process Using Fuzzy Sets Theory." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2999.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Tube hydroforming currently enjoys increasingly widespread application in industry, especially in the automotive industries, because of several advantages over traditional methods. Reliability analysis as a probabilistic method to deal with the probability of the failure of the structure or the system has been widely used in industry. A new reliability analysis approach for the tube hydroforming process using the fuzzy sets theory is presented in this paper. The stress of the hydroformed tube is related to several parameters, such as geometry, material properties, and process parameters. In most cases, it is difficult to express in a mathematical formula, and its relative parameters are not random variables, but the uncertain variables that have not only randomness but also fuzziness. In this paper, the finite element method is applied as a numerical experiment tool to find the statistical property of the stress directly by a fuzzy linear regression method. Based on the fuzzy stress-random strength interference model, the fuzzy reliability of the tube hydroforming process can be evaluated. A tube hydroforming process for cross-extrusion is then introduced as an example to illustrate the approach. The result shows that this approach can be extended to a wide range of practical tube hydroforming process.
Звіти організацій з теми "Process stream theory"
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Bowles, David, Michael Williams, Hope Dodd, Lloyd Morrison, Janice Hinsey, Tyler Cribbs, Gareth Rowell, Michael DeBacker, Jennifer Haack-Gaynor, and Jeffrey Williams. Protocol for monitoring aquatic invertebrates of small streams in the Heartland Inventory & Monitoring Network: Version 2.1. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2284622.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network (HTLN) is a component of the National Park Service’s (NPS) strategy to improve park management through greater reliance on scientific information. The purposes of this program are to design and implement long-term ecological monitoring and provide information for park managers to evaluate the integrity of park ecosystems and better understand ecosystem processes. Concerns over declining surface water quality have led to the development of various monitoring approaches to assess stream water quality. Freshwater streams in network parks are threatened by numerous stressors, most of which originate outside park boundaries. Stream condition and ecosystem health are dependent on processes occurring in the entire watershed as well as riparian and floodplain areas; therefore, they cannot be manipulated independently of this interrelationship. Land use activities—such as timber management, landfills, grazing, confined animal feeding operations, urbanization, stream channelization, removal of riparian vegetation and gravel, and mineral and metals mining—threaten stream quality. Accordingly, the framework for this aquatic monitoring is directed towards maintaining the ecological integrity of the streams in those parks. Invertebrates are an important tool for understanding and detecting changes in ecosystem integrity, and they can be used to reflect cumulative impacts that cannot otherwise be detected through traditional water quality monitoring. The broad diversity of invertebrate species occurring in aquatic systems similarly demonstrates a broad range of responses to different environmental stressors. Benthic invertebrates are sensitive to the wide variety of impacts that influence Ozark streams. Benthic invertebrate community structure can be quantified to reflect stream integrity in several ways, including the absence of pollution sensitive taxa, dominance by a particular taxon combined with low overall taxa richness, or appreciable shifts in community composition relative to reference condition. Furthermore, changes in the diversity and community structure of benthic invertebrates are relatively simple to communicate to resource managers and the public. To assess the natural and anthropo-genic processes influencing invertebrate communities, this protocol has been designed to incorporate the spatial relationship of benthic invertebrates with their local habitat including substrate size and embeddedness, and water quality parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and turbidity). Rigid quality control and quality assurance are used to ensure maximum data integrity. Detailed standard operating procedures (SOPs) and supporting information are associated with this protocol.
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Lee, S., and E. Carls. Measurement of alkali metal vapors and their removal from a pressurized fluidized-bed combustor process stream: Annual report, October 1987--September 1988. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5966829.
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Rosse, Anine. Stream channel monitoring for Wind Cave National Park 2021 Data report. National Park Service, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2296623.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Northern Great Plains Inventory and Monitoring Network (NGPN) began stream channel monitoring in Highland Creek at Wind Cave National Park (WICA) in 2021. This data report summarizes the data collected during the 2021 season pertaining to watershed, reach, and physical habitat. After data are collected for at least four cycles, trends may be reported. This report covers three main areas: 1) Reporting on upland channel characteristics data that may affect habitat such as: land cover, drainage area, and total stream length; 2) Reporting of geomorphic dimensions such as: channel widths, bank angles, vegetative cover, reach slope, measures of bank stability; and 3) Determining physical habitat characteristics such as: size and distribution of bed sediment, large woody debris, and canopy cover. Indices, benchmarks, and other studies are provided in the table for informational purposes to help put Highland Creek’s measurements in context but should not be considered as a reference condition. Upland characteristics of the watershed indicate high natural land use cover (forest, grassland, and shrubland) with little development in the area. Reach characteristics include bank cover, heights, bank stability index, and vegetative cover. In addition to animal-induced erosion of the banks, bank sloughing and widening are occurring. Angles are steep, and there are some sandy banks that are unstable. When plots are revisited in three years, there will be greater understanding of the processes at play and the condition of the stream. Physical characteristics include median particle size, percentage fine substrate, geomorphic units, and canopy cover. Gravel substrate still covers much of the stream; there are wide meanders in the stream bed; and a variety of geomorphic channel units (pool, riffle, run) occur in the creek all of which are indicators of healthy habitat. While there is an absence of large woody debris and canopy cover is low, many grassland streams in good condition can have similar characteristics. More data are needed to fully assess those components and determine a suitable reference condition that can be used to later assess the status and trends of Highland Creek. The reach data contained in this report are specific to a short 150-m segment of Highland Creek and cannot be extrapolated to conditions elsewhere in the creek or to the park in general. Bank erosion and bank instability were observed along the majority of transects at site WICA SCM 001.
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Lee, S. H. D., and E. L. Carls. Measurement of alkali metal vapors and their removal from a pressuriz ed fluidized-bed combustor process stream: Annual report, October 1986--September 1987. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6351627.
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Handa, Avtar K., Yuval Eshdat, Avichai Perl, Bruce A. Watkins, Doron Holland, and David Levy. Enhancing Quality Attributes of Potato and Tomato by Modifying and Controlling their Oxidative Stress Outcome. United States Department of Agriculture, May 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2004.7586532.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
General The final goal and overall objective of the current research has been to modify lipid hydroperoxidation in order to create desirable phenotypes in two important crops, potato and tomato, which normally are exposed to abiotic stress associated with such oxidation. The specific original objectives were: (i) the roles of lipoxygenase (LOX) and phospholipids hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx) in regulating endogenous levels of lipid peroxidation in plant tissues; (ii) the effect of modified lipid peroxidation on fruit ripening, tuber quality, crop productivity and abiotic stress tolerance; (iii) the effect of simultaneous reduction of LOX and increase of PHGPx activities on fruit ripening and tuber quality; and (iv) the role of lipid peroxidation on expression of specific genes. We proposed to accomplish the research goal by genetic engineering of the metabolic activities of LOX and PHGPx using regulatable and tissue specific promoters, and study of the relationships between these two consecutive enzymes in the metabolism and catabolism of phospholipids hydroperoxides. USA Significant progress was made in accomplishing all objectives of proposed research. Due to inability to regenerate tomato plants after transforming with 35S-PHGPx chimeric gene construct, the role of low catalase induced oxidative stress instead of PHGPx was evaluated on agronomical performance of tomato plant and fruit quality attributes. Effects of polyamine, that protects DNA from oxidative stress, were also evaluated. The transgenic plants under expressing lipoxygenase (LOX-sup) were crossed with catalase antisense (CAT-anti) plants or polyamine over producing plants (SAM-over) and the lines homozygous for the two transgenes were selected. Agronomical performance of these line showed that low catalase induced oxidative stress negatively affected growth and development of tomato plants and resulted in a massive change in fruit gene expression. These effects of low catalase activity induced oxidative stress, including the massive shift in gene expression, were greatly overcome by the low lipoxygenase activity. Collectively results show that oxidative stress plays significant role in plant growth including the fruit growth. These results also for the first time indicated that a crosstalk between oxidative stress and lipoxygenase regulated processes determine the outcome during plant growth and development. Israel Regarding PHGPx, most of the study has concentrated on the first and the last specific objectives, since it became evident that plant transformation with this gene is not obvious. Following inability to achieve efficient transformation of potato and tomato using a variety of promoters, model plant systems (tobacco and potato cell cultures, tobacco calli and plantlets, and Arabidopsis) were used to establish the factors and to study the obstacles which prohibited the regeneration of plants carrying the genetic machinery for overproduction of PHGPx. Our results clearly demonstrate that while genetic transformation and over-expression of PHGPx occurs in pre-developmental tissue stage (cell culture, calli clusters) or in completed plant (Arabidopsis), it is likely that over-expression of this enzyme before tissue differentiation is leading to a halt of the regeneration process. To support this assumption, experiments, in which genetic engineering of a point-mutated PHGPx gene enable transformation and over-expression in plants of PhSPY modified in its catalytic site and thus inactive enzymatically, were successfully carried out. These combined results strongly suggest, that if in fact, like in animals and as we established in vitro, the plant PHGPx exhibits PH peroxidase activity, these peroxides are vital for the organisms developmental process.
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Shapovalov, Yevhenii B., Viktor B. Shapovalov, Fabian Andruszkiewicz, and Nataliia P. Volkova. Analyzing of main trends of STEM education in Ukraine using stemua.science statistics. [б. в.], July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3883.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
STEM-education is a modern effective approach that nowadays can be interpreted in very different ways and it even has some modification (STEM/STEAM/STREAM). Anyway, the “New Ukrainian school” concept includes approaches similar to STEM-education. However, there wasn’t analyzed the current state of STEM-education in Ukraine. We propose to analyses it by using SEO analysis of one of the most popular STEM-oriented cloud environment in Ukraine stemua.science. It is proposed to use the cycle for cloud-based educational environments (publishing/SEO analysis/team’s brainstorm/prediction/creation of further plan) to improve their efficiency. It is found, that STEM-based and traditional publications are characterized by similar demand of educational process stakeholders. However, the way how teachers and students found the publication proves that traditional keywords (47.99 %) used significantly more common than STEM keywords (2.67 %). Therefore, it is proved that STEM-methods are less in demand than traditional ones. However, considering the huge positive effect of the STEM method, stemua.science cloud educational environment provides a positive effect on the educational process by including the STEM-aspects during finding traditional approaches of education by stakeholders of the educational process.
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Tronstad, Lusha. Aquatic invertebrate monitoring at Agate Fossil Beds National Monument: 2019 data report. National Park Service, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2293128.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Monitoring ecosystems is vital to understanding trends over time and key to detecting change so that managers can address perturbations. Freshwater streams are the lifeblood of the surrounding landscape, and their health is a measure of the overall watershed integrity. Streams are the culmination of upland processes and inputs. Degradation on the landscape as well as changes to the stream itself can be detected using biota living in these ecosystems. Aquatic invertebrates are excellent indicators of ecosystem quality because they are relatively long-lived, sessile, diverse, abundant and their tolerance to perturbation differs. Aquatic invertebrates were monitored at three sites along the Niobrara River at Agate Fossil Beds National Monument in 2019 completing 23 years of data using Hester-Dendy and Hess samplers. Hess samplers are artificial multi-plate samplers suspended in the water column to allow invertebrates to colonize and Hess samples collect invertebrates in a known area on natural substrate and vegetation. We identified 45 invertebrate taxa from four phyla (Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Nematoda) using both samplers in the Niobrara River (Appendix A and B). Hester-Dendy samplers collected 4 taxa not found in Hess samples and Hess samples collected 17 taxa not collected with Hester-Dendy samplers. Hess samples captured more (91%) than Hester-Dendy samples (62%). Crustacea, Diptera and Ephemeroptera were the most abundant groups of invertebrates collected in the Niobrara River. The proportion of Insecta, Annelida, Trichoptera and Diptera differed between Hester-Dendy and Hess samples (p < 0.05). EPT richness, proportion EPT taxa and Hilsenhoff’s Biotic Index (HBI) (p < 0.0001) differed between sampler types, but taxa richness, taxa diversity and evenness (p > 0.29) did not. We collected the highest density of invertebrates at the Agate Middle site. Agate Spring Ranch had the lowest taxa richness and HBI, and the highest proportion of EPT taxa. HBI at the sites ranged from 4.0 to 6.3 (very good to fair from Hilsenhoff 1987) using the Hester-Dendy and 5.2 to 6.9 (good to fairly poor from Hilsenhoff 1987) using the Hess sampler.
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Holub, Oleksandr, Mykhailo Moiseienko, and Natalia Moiseienko. Fluid Flow Modelling in Houdini. [б. в.], November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4128.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The modern educational environment in the field of physics and information technology ensures the widespread use of visualization software for successful and deep memorization of material. There are many software for creating graphic objects for presentations and demonstrations, the most popular of which were analyzed. The work is devoted to the visualization of liquids with different viscosity parameters. The article describes the development of a fluid model in the form of a particle stream. The proposed methodology involves using the Houdini application to create interactive models. The developed model can be used in the educational process in the field of information technology.
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Flandreau, Marc, Stefano Pietrosanti, and Carlotta Schuster. Why do Sovereign Borrowers Post Collateral? Evidence from the 19th Century. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp167.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper explores the reasons why sovereign borrowers post collateral. Such behavior is paradoxical because conventional interpretations of collateral stress repossession of the assets pledged as the key to securing lenders against information asymmetries and moral hazard. However, repossession is generally difficult in the case of sovereign debt and in some cases impossible. Nevertheless, such sovereign “hypothecations” have a long history and are again becoming very popular today in developing countries. To explain sovereign collateralization, we emphasize an informational channel. Posting collateral produces information on opaque borrowers by displaying borrowers’ behavior and resources. We support this interpretation by examining the hypothecation “mania” of 1849-1875, when sovereigns borrowing in the London Stock Exchange pledged all kinds of intangible revenues. Yet, at that time, sovereign immunity fully protected both sovereigns and their assets and possessions. Still, we show that hypothecations significantly decreased the cost of sovereign debt. To explain how, we stress the pledges’ role in documenting sovereigns’ wealth and the management of revenue streams. Based on an exhaustive library of bond prospectuses collected from primary sources, matched with a panel of sovereign bond yields and an innovative measure of sovereign fiscal transparency, we show that collateral minutely described in debt covenants served to document and monitor sovereign resources and development prospects. Encasing this information in contracts written by lawyers served to certify the quality of the resulting data disclosure process, explaining investors’ readiness to pay a premium.
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Pullammanappallil, Pratap, Haim Kalman, and Jennifer Curtis. Investigation of particulate flow behavior in a continuous, high solids, leach-bed biogasification system. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600038.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recent concerns regarding global warming and energy security have accelerated research and developmental efforts to produce biofuels from agricultural and forestry residues, and energy crops. Anaerobic digestion is a promising process for producing biogas-biofuel from biomass feedstocks. However, there is a need for new reactor designs and operating considerations to process fibrous biomass feedstocks. In this research project, the multiphase flow behavior of biomass particles was investigated. The objective was accomplished through both simulation and experimentation. The simulations included both particle-level and bulk flow simulations. Successful computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of multiphase flow in the digester is dependent on the accuracy of constitutive models which describe (1) the particle phase stress due to particle interactions, (2) the particle phase dissipation due to inelastic interactions between particles and (3) the drag force between the fibres and the digester fluid. Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations of Homogeneous Cooling Systems (HCS) were used to develop a particle phase dissipation rate model for non-spherical particle systems that was incorporated in a two-fluid CFDmultiphase flow model framework. Two types of frictionless, elongated particle models were compared in the HCS simulations: glued-sphere and true cylinder. A new model for drag for elongated fibres was developed which depends on Reynolds number, solids fraction, and fibre aspect ratio. Schulze shear test results could be used to calibrate particle-particle friction for DEM simulations. Several experimental measurements were taken for biomass particles like olive pulp, orange peels, wheat straw, semolina, and wheat grains. Using a compression tester, the breakage force, breakage energy, yield force, elastic stiffness and Young’s modulus were measured. Measurements were made in a shear tester to determine unconfined yield stress, major principal stress, effective angle of internal friction and internal friction angle. A liquid fludized bed system was used to determine critical velocity of fluidization for these materials. Transport measurements for pneumatic conveying were also assessed. Anaerobic digestion experiments were conducted using orange peel waste, olive pulp and wheat straw. Orange peel waste and olive pulp could be anaerobically digested to produce high methane yields. Wheat straw was not digestible. In a packed bed reactor, anaerobic digestion was not initiated above bulk densities of 100 kg/m³ for peel waste and 75 kg/m³ for olive pulp. Interestingly, after the digestion has been initiated and balanced methanogenesis established, the decomposing biomass could be packed to higher densities and successfully digested. These observations provided useful insights for high throughput reactor designs. Another outcome from this project was the development of low cost devices to measure methane content of biogas for off-line (US$37), field (US$50), and online (US$107) applications.