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Статті в журналах з теми "Primitive matter":
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Bhandari, N. "Primitive Matter in Meteorites." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 120 (1987): 485–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900154506.
Анотація:
A large number of elements in certain meteorites have isotopic composition different from that existing in rocks of the earth or the moon. Excess amounts of some isotopes, which are radiogenic daughters, are attributed to the in situ decay of their parent nuclide. Material containing radioactive parents is believed to have been injected into the condensing solar nebula, from astrophysical sites of their production shortly before formation of these grains. Other isotopic anomalies do not show mass dependent pattern which is characteristic of chemical fractionation. They must be primary isotopic abundances, if it is assumed that physico-chemical processes in the solar nebula cannot produce non-mass dependent fractionation. In such a case the observed isotopic ratios characterise elements differently synthesised and injected into the solar nebula which condensed before it had enough time to homogenise. Thus the isotopically anomalous matter has extra solar origin and may contain supernovae condensates, interstellar matter or dust from other stars. The evidence for different isotopic anomalies is briefly summarised and discussed in terms of the current ideas regarding chemical processes occurring in the early solar system.
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Flynn, G. J., L. P. Keller, S. Wirick, and C. Jacobsen. "Organic matter in interplanetary dust particles." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 4, S251 (February 2008): 267–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s174392130802173x.
Анотація:
AbstractAnhydrous interplanetary dust particles (IDPs), which are the most mineralogically primitive extraterrestrial materials available for laboratory analysis, contain several percent organic matter. The high O:C and N:C ratios suggest the organic matter in the anhydrous IDPs is significantly less altered by thermal processing than the organic matter in meteorites. X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy and infrared spectroscopy demonstrate the presence of C=C, most likely as C-rings, C=O, and aliphatic C-H2and C-H3in all the IDPs examined. A D-rich spot, containing material that is believed to have formed in a cold molecular cloud, has C-XANES and infrared spectra very similar to the organic matter in the anhydrous IDPs, possibly indicating a common formation mechanism. However the primitive organic matter in the IDPs differs from the interstellar/circumstellar organic matter characterized by astronomical infrared spectroscopy in the relative strengths of the asymmetric aliphatic C-H2and C-H3absorptions, with the IDP organic having a longer mean chain length. If both types of organic matter originated by the same process, this may indicate the interstellar organic matter has experienced more severe radiation processing than the organic matter in the primitive IDPs.
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Cody, George D., Conel M. O'D Alexander, A. L. David Kilcoyne, and Hikaru Yabuta. "Unraveling the chemical history of the Solar System as recorded in extraterrestrial organic matter." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 4, S251 (February 2008): 277–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921308021741.
Анотація:
AbstractWe have initiated an extensive program of molecular analysis of extraterrestrial organic matter isolated from a broad range of meteorites (spanning multiple classes, groups, and petrologic types), including recent molecular spectroscopic analyses of the organic matter in the Comet 81P/Wild 2 samples. The results of these analyses clearly reveal the signature of multiple reaction pathways that transformed extraterrestrial organic matter away from its primitive roots. The most significant molecular transformation occurred in the post-accretionary phase of the parent body. However, each of the various chemical transformation trajectories point unambiguously back to a common primitive origin. Applying a wide range of spectroscopic techniques we find that the primitive organic precursor is striking in its chemical complexity exhibiting a broad array of oxygen- and nitrogen-bearing functional groups. The π-bonded carbon exists as predominately highly substituted single ring aromatics, there exists no evidence for abundant, large, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). We find that the molecular structure of primitive extraterrestrial organics is consistent with synthesis from small reactive molecules, e. g. formaldehyde, whose random condensation and subsequent rearrangement chemistry at low temperatures leads to a highly cross-linked macromolecule.
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Libourel, Guy, Patrick Michel, Marco Delbo, Clément Ganino, Alejandra Recio-Blanco, Patrick de Laverny, Michael E. Zolensky, and Alexander N. Krot. "Search for primitive matter in the Solar System." Icarus 282 (January 2017): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2016.09.014.
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Wooden, D. H., H. A. Ishii, and M. E. Zolensky. "Cometary dust: the diversity of primitive refractory grains." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2097 (May 29, 2017): 20160260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0260.
Анотація:
Comet dust is primitive and shows significant diversity. Our knowledge of the properties of primitive cometary particles has expanded significantly through microscale investigations of cosmic dust samples (anhydrous interplanetary dust particles (IDPs), chondritic porous (CP) IDPs and UltraCarbonaceous Antarctic micrometeorites, Stardust and Rosetta ), as well as through remote sensing ( Spitzer IR spectroscopy). Comet dust are aggregate particles of materials unequilibrated at submicrometre scales. We discuss the properties and processes experienced by primitive matter in comets. Primitive particles exhibit a diverse range of: structure and typology; distribution of constituents; concentration and form of carbonaceous and refractory organic matter; Mg- and Fe-contents of the silicate minerals; sulfides; existence/abundance of type II chondrule fragments; high-temperature calcium–aluminium inclusions and ameboid-olivine aggregates; and rarely occurring Mg-carbonates and magnetite, whose explanation requires aqueous alteration on parent bodies. The properties of refractory materials imply there were disc processes that resulted in different comets having particular selections of primitive materials. The diversity of primitive particles has implications for the diversity of materials in the protoplanetary disc present at the time and in the region where the comets formed. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Cometary science after Rosetta’.
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Messenger, Scott, and K. Nakamura-Messenger. "Interstellar and Solar System organic matter preserved in interplanetary dust." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 11, A29B (August 2015): 426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921316005718.
Анотація:
AbstractInterplanetary dust particles (IDPs) collected in the Earths stratosphere derive from collisions among asteroids and by the disruption and outgassing of short-period comets. Chondritic porous (CP) IDPs are among the most primitive Solar System materials. CP-IDPs have been linked to cometary parent bodies by their mineralogy, textures, C-content, and dynamical histories. CP-IDPs are fragile, fine-grained (< um) assemblages of anhydrous amorphous and crystalline silicates, oxides and sulfides bound together by abundant carbonaceous material. Ancient silicate, oxide, and SiC stardust grains exhibiting highly anomalous isotopic compositions are abundant in CP-IDPs, constituting 0.01-1% of the mass of the particles. The organic matter in CP-IDPs is isotopically anomalous, with enrichments in D/H reaching 50x the terrestrial SMOW value and 15N/14N ratios up to 3x terrestrial standard compositions. These anomalies are indicative of low T (10-100 K) mass fractionation in cold molecular cloud or the outermost reaches of the protosolar disk. The organic matter shows distinct morphologies, including sub-um globules, bubbly textures, featureless, and with mineral inclusions. Infrared spectroscopy and mass spectrometry studies of organic matter in IDPs reveals diverse species including aliphatic and aromatic compounds. The organic matter with the highest isotopic anomalies appears to be richer in aliphatic compounds. These materials also bear similarities and differences with primitive, isotopically anomalous organic matter in carbonaceous chondrite meteorites. The diversity of the organic chemistry, morphology, and isotopic properties in IDPs and meteorites reflects variable preservation of interstellar/primordial components and Solar System processing. One unifying feature is the presence of sub-um isotopically anomalous organic globules among all primitive materials, including IDPs, meteorites, and comet Wild-2 samples returned by the Stardust mission. We will present an overview of the current state of understanding of the properties and origins of organic matter in primitive IDPs.
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Hui, Zhenyang, Zhaochen Cai, Bo Liu, Dajun Li, Hua Liu, and Zhuoxuan Li. "A Self-Adaptive Optimization Individual Tree Modeling Method for Terrestrial LiDAR Point Clouds." Remote Sensing 14, no. 11 (May 26, 2022): 2545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14112545.
Анотація:
Individual tree modeling for terrestrial LiDAR point clouds always involves heavy computation burden and low accuracy toward a complex tree structure. To solve these problems, this paper proposed a self-adaptive optimization individual tree modeling method. In this paper, we first proposed a joint neighboring growing method to segment wood points into object primitives. Subsequently, local object primitives were optimized to alleviate the computation burden. To build the topology relation among branches, branches were separated based on spatial connectivity analysis. And then the nodes corresponding to each object primitive were adopted to construct the graph structure of the tree. Furthermore, each object primitive was fitted as a cylinder. To revise the local abnormal cylinder, a self-adaptive optimization method based on the constructed graph structure was proposed. Finally, the constructed tree model was further optimized globally based on prior knowledge. Twenty-nine field datasets obtained from three forest sites were adopted to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve satisfying individual tree modeling accuracy. The mean volume deviation of the proposed method is 1.427 m3. In the comparison with two other famous tree modeling methods, the proposed method can achieve the best individual tree modeling result no matter which accuracy indicator is selected.
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Busemann, H. "Interstellar Chemistry Recorded in Organic Matter from Primitive Meteorites." Science 312, no. 5774 (May 5, 2006): 727–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1123878.
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Kuga, Maïa, Bernard Marty, Yves Marrocchi, and Laurent Tissandier. "Synthesis of refractory organic matter in the ionized gas phase of the solar nebula." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 23 (May 26, 2015): 7129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1502796112.
Анотація:
In the nascent solar system, primitive organic matter was a major contributor of volatile elements to planetary bodies, and could have played a key role in the development of the biosphere. However, the origin of primitive organics is poorly understood. Most scenarios advocate cold synthesis in the interstellar medium or in the outer solar system. Here, we report the synthesis of solid organics under ionizing conditions in a plasma setup from gas mixtures (H2(O)−CO−N2−noble gases) reminiscent of the protosolar nebula composition. Ionization of the gas phase was achieved at temperatures up to 1,000 K. Synthesized solid compounds share chemical and structural features with chondritic organics, and noble gases trapped during the experiments reproduce the elemental and isotopic fractionations observed in primitive organics. These results strongly suggest that both the formation of chondritic refractory organics and the trapping of noble gases took place simultaneously in the ionized areas of the protoplanetary disk, via photon- and/or electron-driven reactions and processing. Thus, synthesis of primitive organics might not have required a cold environment and could have occurred anywhere the disk is ionized, including in its warm regions. This scenario also supports N2 photodissociation as the cause of the large nitrogen isotopic range in the solar system.
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VLČCEK, LUKÁ[Sbreve]C, and IVO NEZBEDA. "From realistic to primitive models: a primitive model of methanol." Molecular Physics 101, no. 19 (October 10, 2003): 2987–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00268970310001605750.
Дисертації з теми "Primitive matter":
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Charnay, Benjamin. "Dynamique troposphérique et évolution climatique de Titan et de la Terre primitive." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066034.
Анотація:
Cette thèse porte sur l'étude des atmosphères de Titan et de la Terre primitive avec des modèles de circulation générale (GCM). Tout d'abord, j'ai analysé la structure thermique et la dynamique de la basse troposphère de Titan. Cette étude a abouti à une caractérisation complète de la couche limite et a révélé l'existence d'une circulation de couche limite, qui impacte tous les aspects de la météorologie titanienne (régimes de vents, ondes, formation des dunes et des nuages, échanges de moment cinétique et superrotation). A partir de cette analyse, j'ai proposé une nouvelle hypothèse pour expliquer l'orientation vers l'est des dunes de Titan grâce à un couplage entre les orages tropicaux et la superrotation. Ceci a été validé par des simulations méso-échelles et a permis de proposer un schéma global expliquant la formation des dunes et leurs différentes caractéristiques. J'ai ensuite participé au développement d'un GCM générique, conçu pour étudier tout type d'atmosphère. Je l'ai appliqué aux paléoclimats de Titan pour simuler une période où l'atmosphère a pu être dépourvue de méthane. Dans ce cas, le climat devait être différent d'aujourd'hui avec potentiellement des conséquences géologiques fondamentales notamment pour l'érosion et l'âge de la surface. Finalement, j'ai appliqué ce GCM générique au cas de la Terre primitive. J'ai montré que, malgré un soleil moins lumineux qu'aujourd'hui et des quantités de gaz à effet de serre contraintes par les archives minéralogiques, le climat de la Terre Archéenne a pu être tempérée. En particulier, grâce à une rétro-action nuageuse, la Terre aurait pu éviter une glaciation globale et rester propice au développement de la vieThis thesis focuses on the study of the atmospheres of Titan and the early Earth with Global Climate Models (GCM). First, I analysed the thermal structure and the dynamics of Titan's lower troposphere. This analysis allowed a full caracterization of the planetary boundary layer and revealed the existence of a boundary layer circulation which impacts every aspect of Titan's weather (wind patterns, atmospheric waves, dune and cloud formation, exchange of momentum with the surface, and development of the superrotation). Thanks to this study, I proposed a new hypothesis to explain the eastward orientation of Titan's dunes that implies a coupling between tropical storms and the superrotation. This has been validated with mesoscale simulations and provided a general framework to explain Titan's dune formation and features. Then, I participated to the development of a generic GCM, designed to study any kind of atmosphere. I applied it to Titan's paleoclimates, when the atmosphere was depleted of methane. In such a case, the climate should have been different from today, with potentially fundamental geological consequences, in particular for the erosion and the age of the surface. Finally, I applied this GCM to the case of the early Earth using greenhouse gas abundances constrained by mineralogical data. I showed that despite a weaker solar insolation, the Archean Earth's climate may have been temperate. In particular, the Earth may have avoided a full glaciation and remained suitable for the development of life thanks to cloud feedback, even assuming a amount of CO2 just a little larger than today
2
Charnay, Benjamin. "Dynamique troposphérique et évolution climatique de Titan et de la Terre primitive." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00987546.
Анотація:
Cette thèse porte sur l'étude des atmosphères de Titan et de la Terre primitive avec des modèles de circulation générale (GCM). Tout d'abord, j'ai analysé la structure thermique et la dynamique de la basse troposphère de Titan. Cette étude a abouti à une caractérisation complète de la couche limite et a révélé l'existence d'une circulation de couche limite, qui impacte tous les aspects de la météorologie titanienne (régimes de vents, ondes, formation des dunes et des nuages, échanges de moment cinétique et superrotation). A partir de cette analyse, j'ai proposé une nouvelle hypothèse pour expliquer l'orientation vers l'est des dunes de Titan grâce à un couplage entre les orages tropicaux et la superrotation. Ceci a été validé par des simulations méso-échelles et a permis de proposer un schéma global expliquant la formation des dunes et leurs différentes caractéristiques. J'ai ensuite participé au développement d'un GCM générique, conçu pour étudier tout type d'atmosphère. Je l'ai appliqué aux paléoclimats de Titan pour simuler une période où l'atmosphère a pu être dépourvue de méthane. Dans ce cas, le climat devait être différent d'aujourd'hui avec potentiellement des conséquences géologiques fondamentales notamment pour l'érosion et l'âge de la surface. Finalement, j'ai appliqué ce GCM générique au cas de la Terre primitive. J'ai montré que, malgré un soleil moins lumineux qu'aujourd'hui et des quantités de gaz à effet de serre contraintes par les archives minéralogiques, le climat de la Terre Archéenne a pu être tempérée. En particulier, grâce à une rétro-action nuageuse, la Terre aurait pu éviter une glaciation globale et rester propice au développement de la vie.
3
Arribard, Yann. "Analyse de matière extraterrestre primitive par imagerie hyperspectrale infrarouge et spectrométrie de masse TOF-SIMS." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASP005.
Анотація:
La matière extraterrestre dite primitive se caractérise par sa faible évolution chimique depuis sa formation. Elle se retrouve notamment comme un des constituants des fragments de petits corps du système Solaire, tels que les astéroïdes. L'étude d'échantillons en provenance de ces corps peut ainsi permettre de mieux comprendre son origine et son évolution.Dans cette thèse, mon travail s'est orienté autour de l'analyse de la matière primitive et plus particulièrement sur l'étude des chondrites carbonées ayant subi de l'altération aqueuse. La première partie de ma thèse s'oriente sur l'analyse des phases minérales et organiques au sein de chondrites CM de type pétrologique 2 grâce à des techniques de spectroscopie infrarouge et Raman ainsi que de la spectrométrie de masse à ionisation secondaire par temps de vol (TOF-SIMS). Ces techniques bénéficient d'une bonne complémentarité dans la caractérisation des différentes phases qui nous intéressent. Elles sont également couplées à l'imagerie, ce qui permet d'étudier le lien qu'il peut exister entre les différentes phases minérales et organiques. J'ai utilisé un nouveau processus non supervisé d'analyse des données hyperspectrales infrarouge, ce qui a permis de déterminer des paramètres spectraux caractérisant l'état d'avancement de l'altération aqueuse des échantillons, notamment de leur phase minérale, tout en les reliant à leur évolution chimique. La spectroscopie Raman a permis de mettre en évidence des différences de structure de la matière organique poly-aromatique au sein des différents échantillons. Enfin, le TOF-SIMS a également mis en évidence une différence de structure de la matière organique tout en confirmant et précisant les différences de co-localisation entre matière organique et phase minérale observées par l'imagerie hyperspectrale entre les échantillons.La seconde partie de ma thèse s'est orientée sur l'étude d'efficacité d'un nouvel accélérateur linéaire - Andromede (IJCLab) - comme source primaire pour le TOF-SIMS sur des analogues à la matière primitive des chondrites. J'ai produit ces analogues organiques en laboratoire afin de simuler la matière organique insoluble, la part majoritaire de la matière organique des chondrites. J'ai contrôlé les caractéristiques de ces analogues par des spectroscopies infrarouges, à rayon X et par TOF-SIMS. Ils demeurent différents de la matière organique des CM en termes de structure poly-aromatique, mais similaires en termes de composition élémentaire et caractère insoluble. J'ai produit des analogues minéraux à partir de roches terrestres similaires aux minéraux rencontrés dans les CM. Les mesures que j'ai réalisées sur ces analogues et sur des chondrites montrent à la fois le potentiel et les limites actuelles du TOF-SIMS couplé à Andromède, et suggèrent des pistes d'amélioration en vue d'en augmenter, notamment, la résolution en masseSo-called primitive extraterrestrial matter is characterized by its low chemical evolution since its formation. It is found in particular as one of the constituents of the fragments of small bodies of the Solar system, such as asteroids. The study of samples from these bodies can thus make it possible to better understand its origin and its evolution.In this thesis, my work focused on the analysis of primitive matter and more particularly on the study of carbonaceous chondrites having undergone aqueous alteration. The first part of my thesis focuses on the analysis of mineral and organic phases within petrological type 2 CM chondrites using infrared and Raman spectroscopy techniques as well as time-of-flight secondary ionization mass spectrometry. (TOF-SIMS). These techniques benefit from a good complementarity in the characterization of the different phases that interest us. They are also coupled with imagery, which makes it possible to study the link that may exist between the different mineral and organic phases. I used a new unsupervised process for analyzing infrared hyperspectral data, which made it possible to determine spectral parameters characterizing the state of progress of the aqueous alteration of the samples, in particular of their mineral phase, while relating to their chemical evolution. Raman spectroscopy made it possible to highlight differences in the structure of the polyaromatic organic matter within the different samples. Finally, the TOF-SIMS also highlighted a difference in the structure of the organic matter while confirming and clarifying the differences in co-localization between organic matter and mineral phase observed by hyperspectral imaging between the samples.The second part of my thesis focused on the study of the effectiveness of a new linear accelerator - Andromeda (IJCLab) - as a primary source for TOF-SIMS on analogues of primitive chondrite matter. I produced these organic analogues in the laboratory to simulate insoluble organic matter, the majority of organic matter in chondrites. I checked the characteristics of these analogues by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray spectroscopy and TOF-SIMS. They remain different from CM organic matter in terms of poly-aromatic structure, but similar in terms of elemental composition and insoluble character. I have produced mineral analogues from earth rocks similar to minerals found in CM chondrite. The measurements that I carried out on these analogues and on chondrites show both the potential and the current limits of TOF-SIMS coupled to Andromede, and suggest areas for improvement with a view to increasing, in particular, the masse resolution
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Bekaert, David V. "Isotopic constraints on the origin and nature of primitive material in the Solar System and on early Earth." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0002.
Анотація:
La Terre s'est formée il y a 4,5 milliards d'années par accumulation de poussières, de roches et de gaz. La composition de ces matériaux primitifs est aujourd'hui enregistrée dans les météorites. Cependant, l'origine des éléments volatils présents dans l'atmosphère (e.g., H, C, N, O) reste incomprise. En combinant des approches expérimentales à l'étude d'échantillons naturels, je me suis intéressé aux objets célestes contenant les ingrédients nécessaires à la formation de l'atmosphère terrestre. Il s'agit principalement des éléments volatils contenus dans la matière organique des météorites et dans la glace des corps cométaires. Afin de reconstituer l'histoire de formation de la Terre et de son atmosphère, j'ai utilisé les gaz nobles (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) comme traceurs des processus physiques ayant eu lieu dans le Système Solaire jeune et sur la Terre primitive. Bien que les comètes aient significativement contribué à l'apport des gaz nobles lourds de l'atmosphère (~20%), la majorité des autres éléments volatils terrestres (incluant l'eau, le carbone et l'azote) aurait été apportée par des corps dits "chondritiques", similaires aux météorites. Une fois formée, l'atmosphère a évolué au cours des temps géologiques, conduisant à l'établissement des conditions environnementales propices au développement de la vie. Les processus majeurs ayant affecté la masse et la composition de l'atmosphère ancienne se reflètent dans l'évolution isotopique du Xe atmosphérique, de 4.5 Ga à ~2 Ga. Nous étudions la possibilité d'apporter des contraintes sur l'âge des matériaux organiques retrouvés dans les roches sédimentaires plus anciennes que 2 Ga, en utilisant la signature isotopique du Xe qu'ils ont piégé au moment de leur formation. Cette méthode pourrait avoir des implications vis-à-vis de l'âge présumé des plus anciennes traces de vie organiqueThe Earth formed some 4.5 Ga from the accumulation of dust, rocks and gas. The composition of these primitive materials is today recorded in meteorites. However, the origin of volatile elements within the atmosphere (e.g., H, C, N, O) remains poorly understood. By combining experimental approaches and the analysis of natural samples, I studied the composition of celestial objects comprising the ingredients required for the formation of the terrestrial atmosphere. These mainly correspond to volatile elements trapped in meteoritic organic materials and in the ice of cometary bodies. In order to better understand the timeline of Earth's formation and volatile accretion, I used noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe) as tracers of the physical processes that occurred in the early Solar System and on primitive Earth. Whilst comets significantly contributed to the heavy noble gas budget of the terrestrial atmosphere (~20%), most of the other terrestrial volatile elements (including water, carbon and nitrogen) would have been supplied to Earth by chondrtitic bodies similar to meteorites. Once formed, the atmosphere evolved over geological periods of time, leading to the establishment of suitable environmental conditions for life to develop. The major processes that affected the mass and composition of the ancient atmosphere can be studied by investigating the isotopic evolution of atmospheric Xe, from 4.5 Ga to ~2 Ga. We investigate the possibility to bring constraints on the age of organic materials isolated from sedimentary ricks older than 2 Ga, using the isotopic signature of the Xe component that was trapped at the time of their formation. This method could have implications regarding the presumed age of the earliest remnants of organic life
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Le, Pivert-Jolivet Tania. "Composition, origine et évolution de Ryugu à travers les analyses de MicrOmega/Curation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASP192.
Анотація:
Les astéroïdes primitifs sont des petits corps qui ont relativement peu évolué depuis leur formation. Ils nous renseignent sur la composition chimique du système solaire primitif et son évolution jusqu’à aujourd’hui. Avant les années 2020, les seuls potentiels analogues de ces objets dont nous disposions pour des analyses en laboratoire étaient les chondrites carbonées (CCs). Mais le lien entre les CCs et leurs corps parents astéroïdaux n'est pas encore clair, et la composition primitive des CCs est partiellement altérée par l’interaction avec l’atmosphère terrestre. C’est pourquoi dans les années 2010, deux missions spatiales ont observé et collecté des échantillons de la surface d’astéroïdes primitifs : ils représentent la première analyse en laboratoire de fragments représentatifs de leur corps parents. L’astéroïde géocroiseur de type C, (162173) Ryugu, a été la cible de la mission Hayabusa2 (JAXA). La sonde a réalisé deux collectes, prélevant des échantillons de la surface et de la sous-surface excavée par un impacteur artificiel. En décembre 2020, la capsule scellée contenant 5.4 g d’échantillons est revenue sur Terre et a été ouverte dans la Curation Facility (Sagamihara, Japon), un complexe contenant un ensemble d’enceintes propres pour réaliser une première analyse des grains, sans les exposer à l’atmosphère et en préservant leur intégrité. L’objectif de ma thèse a été de caractériser la composition des grains de Ryugu pour retracer l’évolution de la matière primitive à différentes étapes de l’histoire du système solaire. Pour cela, j’ai analysé les données acquises par MicrOmega, un imageur hyperspectral proche infrarouge (0.99 – 3.65 μm) installé dans la Curation Facility. MicrOmega permet une analyse de la composition minérale et organique des grains de manière non invasive. J’ai étudié la bande d’absorption à 2.7 μm, caractéristique de la vibration du groupe -OH dans les phyllosilicates des grains. J’ai réalisé une étude statistique sur les variations de position et de profondeur de la bande entre plusieurs centaines de grains millimétriques, qui témoignent une variation de composition des phyllosilicates. Cette analyse suggère qu’une partie des grains du site de collecte de surface ont été exposés à l’altération spatiale, un processus affectant la composition et la microstructure de la surface des corps sans atmosphères. À l’inverse, la totalité des grains provenant de la sous-surface ont subi une très faible exposition à l’environnement spatial. Cette étude montre aussi que les échantillons de Ryugu sont très appauvris en eau (H₂O) par rapport aux chondrites CI malgré leur minéralogie proche, et suggère qu’une partie importante de l’eau des CI pourrait être d’origine terrestre. J’ai ensuite étudié les variations de la forme et de la position de la bande à 2.7 μm à la surface des grains. J’ai montré que l'hétérogénéité spectrale de la surface varie d'un grain à l'autre. Cette variation d'hétérogénéité pourrait être liée à des variations du degré d'altération aqueuse et/ou du degré d'altération spatiale sur des surfaces avec différentes rugosités. Cette étude montre le potentiel de l’imagerie hyperspectrale infrarouge pour détecter des variations dans le contenu en eau entre différents grains, sans biais par l’atmosphère terrestre. Ces travaux apportent une meilleure compréhension de l’évolution physique et chimique de la surface et de la sous-surface proche des astéroïdes primitifs. Ils apportent aussi de nouveaux éléments sur l’altération terrestre des chondrites carbonées, avec une implication sur la quantité d’eau dans les corps parents astéroïdaux des chondrites CIPrimitive asteroids are small bodies that have evolved relatively little since their formation. They contain information about the chemical composition of the early solar system and its evolution up to the present day. Before the 2020s, the only potential analogs of these objects available for laboratory analysis were carbonaceous chondrites (CCs). But the link between CCs and their asteroidal parent bodies is not yet clear, and the primitive composition of CCs is partially altered by interaction with the terrestrial atmosphere. This is why, in the 2010s, two space missions observed and collected samples from the surface of primitive asteroids: they represent the first laboratory study of fragments representing their parent bodies. The C-type near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu, was the target of the Hayabusa2 mission (JAXA). The spacecraft performed two samplings, collecting surface and subsurface samples excavated by an artificial impactor. In December 2020, the sealed capsule containing 5.4g of samples returned to Earth and was opened in the Curation Facility (Sagamihara, Japan), a complex containing a set of clean chambers for carrying out an initial analysis of the grains, preserving their integrity and without exposing them to the terrestrial atmosphere. The aim of my thesis was to characterize the composition of Ryugu samples to retrace the evolution of the primitive matter at different stages in the history of the solar system. Thus, I analysed data acquired by the near-infrared (0.99 – 3.65 μm) hyperspectral microscope MicrOmega, installed in the Curation Facility. MicrOmega enables a non-invasive characterization of the mineral and organic composition of the grains. I studied the 2.7 μm band, characteristic of the vibration of the -OH group in the phyllosilicates of the samples. I carried out a statistical study of the variations in the position and depth of the band between several hundred millimetre-sized grains, which indicate a variation in the composition of the phyllosilicates. This analysis suggests that some of the grains collected at the surface experienced space weathering, a process that affects the composition and microstructure of the surface of airless bodies. Conversely, all the grains from the subsurface have undergone a limited exposure to the space environment. This study also shows that the Ryugu samples are depleted in water (H₂O) compared with CI chondrites, despite their similar mineralogy, and suggests that a significant proportion of the water in the CIs could be of terrestrial origin. I then studied the variations in the shape and position of the 2.7 μm band at the surface of the grains. I showed that the spectral heterogeneity of the surface varies from one grain to another. This variation in heterogeneity could be linked to variations in the degree of aqueous alteration and/or the degree of space weathering on surfaces with different roughnesses. This study shows the potential of infrared hyperspectral imaging to detect variations in the water content between the grains, without any bias by the terrestrial atmosphere. This work provides a better understanding of the physical and chemical evolution of the surface and the near subsurface of primitive asteroids. It also provides new insights on the terrestrial alteration of carbonaceous chondrites, with implications for the quantity of water in the asteroidal parent bodies of CI chondrites
6
Brualla, Barberà Llorenç. "Path integral Monte Carlo. Algorithms and applications to quantum fluids." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6577.
Анотація:
Path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) is a method suitable for quantum liquid simulations at finite temperature. We present in this thesis a study of PIMC dealing with the theory and algorithms related to it, and then two applications of PIMC to current research problems of quantum fluids in the Bolzmann regime. The first part encompasses a study of the different ingredients of a PIMC code: action, sampling and physical property estimators. Particular attention has been paid to Li-Broughton's higher order approximation to the action. Regarding sampling, several collective movement methods have been derived, including the bisection algorithm, that has been thoroughly tested. We also include a study of estimators for different physical properties, such as, the energy (through the thermodynamic and virial estimators), the pair distribution function, the structure factor, and the momentum distribution.
In relation to the momentum distribution, we have developed a novel algorithm for its estimation, the trail method. It surmounts some of the problems exposed by previous approaches, such as the open chain method or McMillan's algorithm.
The Richardson extrapolation used within PIMC simulations, is another contribution of this thesis. Up until now, this extrapolation has not been used in this context. We present studies of the energy dependence on the number of "beads", along with the betterment provide by the Richardson extrapolation.
Inasmuch as our goal is to perform research of quantum liquids at finite temperature, we have produced a library of codes, written from scratch, that implement most of the features theoretically developed. The most elaborated parts of these codes are included in some of the appendixes.
The second part shows two different applications of the algorithms coded. We present results of a PIMC calculation of the momentum distribution of Ne and normal 4He at low temperatures. In the range of temperatures analysed, exchanges can be disregarded and both systems are considered Boltzmann quantum liquids. Their quantum character is well reflected in their momentum distributions witch show clear departures from the classical limit. The PIMC momentum distributions which show clear departures from the classical limit. The PIMC momentum distributions are sampled using the trail method. Kinetic energies of both systems, as a function of temperature and at a fixed density, are also reported.
Finally, the solid-liquid neon phase transition along the 35 K isotherm has been characterized.While thermodynamic properties of the solid phase are well known the behaviour of some properties, such as the energy or the dessity, during the trasition presen6 some uncertainties For example, experimental data for the place diagram, which determines solid and liquid boundaries, present sizeable differences. The temperature chosen is high enough so that Bose or Fermi statistics corrections are small, although the system is strongly quantum mechanical. The results obtained show a discontinuity in the kinetic energy during the transition.
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Bådagård, William. "A Critique of Anna Stilz' Fair-use Proviso : The normative significance of future generations in matters of territorial rights." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för praktisk filosofi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-416345.
Анотація:
In this essay, I will examine the theory of territorial rights developed by Anna Stilz. The overarching project of hers is to defend a system of territorially sovereign states, the defense of which is grounded in the natural rights of individuals to personal autonomy and self-preservation. She begins her theoretic project by arguing for the plausibility of the preinstitutional occupancy right, intended to grant individuals usage-rights over the earth, existing irrespective of social or moral conventions, formally defined as follows: “Occupancy Rights. A person has a preinstitutional right to occupy a particular area if (1) access to spaces in that area is fundamental to his located life plans and (2) his connection to the territory was established without any wrongdoing on his part, involving (at a minimum) no expulsion or wrongful interference with prior occupants or infringement of others’ claims to an equitable distribution of geographical space.” The condition of equitable distribution expresses a concern for proportionality. It seems as if Stilz believes that no territorial holding will be legitimate unless it is of an appropriate scale, with regard to the holdings of others. This condition is referred to by Stilz as the fair-use proviso. The fair-use proviso concerns the occupancy claims made by individuals. Stilz also introduces conditions for a legitimate global distribution of territory, named as the full proviso. Stilz’ defines the full proviso as follows: (conditions for a legitimate global distribution of territory): “The full proviso hold that a just distribution of the earth’s spaces must (i) satisfy everyone’s basic territorial interests and (ii) grant groups with shared practice-based interests the right to use geographical space in ways that reflect these interests, so long as the groups are of sufficient size, and so far as this is institutionally feasible.” For an individual occupancy claim to be legitimate is simply that it is consistent with the conditions for a legitimate global distribution of territory, i.e. the full proviso. The full proviso and the fair-use proviso are thus inseparable parts of a whole. In what follows, if not specified otherwise, I will alternate in referring to the fair-use proviso as the fair-use proviso or simply the proviso. The full proviso will always be italicized when discussed. The purpose of this essay is to investigate whether the fair-use proviso is satisfying in the face of some criticism. In completing this task, I will draw on an objection put forth by Lea Ypi. The objection as formulated by her is not in direct response to Stilz, however I believe we might draw on her work to formulate a powerful objection from scarcity to Stilz’ fair-use proviso. The question at stake in this essay is thus if the objection of scarcity is successful against Stilz’ fair-use proviso.
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Lima, Anderson de Oliveira. "Acumulai Tesouros no Céu: estudo da linguagem econômica do evangelho de Mateus." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2010. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/553.
Анотація:
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From the exegetic analysis of Matthew 6.19-21, this work approach the socio-economic differences that existed between the group that produced to the gospel of Matthew and that generated the original version of this small text in the gospel Q. In this research we look for matthean peculiarities, which serving especially for the reconstruction of a Jewish-Christian group that existed in an urban area of Galilee in the last decades of the first century. The choice of Matthew 6.19-21, which is part of a various texts group that together form a kind of "economic status" in Mt 6.19-34, its will bring us to conclude that in the face of socio-economic sanctions imposed by non-Christians Jews, who called the matthean group "heretic", the tradition that focuses on poverty, typical of the traveler prophets of the Jesus movement, is re-read by Matthew Gospel to encourage the non-limited charity also among the mattheans group member.
A partir da análise exegética de Mateus 6.19-21, este trabalho aborda as diferenças sócio-econômicas que existiram entre o grupo que deu origem ao evangelho de Mateus e aquele que gerou a versão primitiva deste pequeno texto no evangelho Q. Nesta investigação procuramos por peculiaridades mateanas, que servem especialmente para a reconstrução de um grupo judaico-cristão que existiu numa zona urbana da Galiléia nas últimas décadas do século I. A escolha de Mateus 6.19-21, que faz parte de um agrupamento de textos diversos que juntos formam uma espécie de estatuto econômico do grupo em Mt 6.19-34, nos conduzirá à conclusão de que diante de sanções sócio-econômicas duramente impostas pelos judeus não cristãos que consideravam o grupo mateano herético , a tradição que privilegia a pobreza, típica dos profetas itinerantes do movimento de Jesus, é relida pelo evangelho de Mateus para incentivar a caridade ilimitada também entre os membros do grupo mateano.
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Lima, Anderson de Oliveira. "REAÇÕES LITERÁRIAS À CULTURA DE RECIPROCIDADE DO ANTIGO MUNDO MEDITERRÂNEO: UMA LEITURA DA LINGUAGEM ECONÔMICA DO EVANGELHO DE MATEUS." Universidade Metodista de São Paulo, 2014. http://tede.metodista.br/jspui/handle/tede/312.
Анотація:
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This research assumes that the Gospel of Matthew is a literary document produced at the end of the first century CE. in some urban environment of the ancient Mediterranean World, where it differs from the other gospels of the New Testament by economic emphasis in its language, and also by its content. We try to demonstrate the importance of this Matthew s language feature for the development of Gospels discourse, and to understand it, we deal with the approximations between this speech and some socioeconomic models known in the real world of the great urban centers of that time. Along the discussion, we conclude that the author of Matthews Gospel is part of an embracing debate between new judaisms that kept conflictual relations with the Greco-Roman domain and their cultural heritage. Matthew, in particular, rejects the complete ownership of clientelist patterns in interpersonal relations of the disciples of Jesus, while also appropriates the foreign socioeconomic model to develop its religious imaginary. We argue that in Matthew, God takes, as a character, the features of a divine patron who protects and benefits its faithful clients, and in retribution, they should do good deeds for the poor. However, despite this vertical relationship religious be desirable, the gospel rejects other clientelistic ties that rating the human being, and sees them as a betrayal to the first sovereign patron.
Este trabalho de pesquisa parte do pressuposto de que o Evangelho de Mateus é um documento literário produzido no final do século I EC, em algum ambiente urbano do antigo Mundo Mediterrâneo, e que se diferencia dos demais evangelhos do Novo Testamento pela ênfase econômica presente em sua linguagem e conteúdo. Procura-se demonstrar a importância dessa particularidade para o desenvolvimento do próprio discurso mateano e para compreendê-lo, trata das proximidades que há entre esse discurso e os modelos socioeconômicos conhecidos no mundo real dos grandes centros urbanos de então. Dessa pesquisa conclui-se que o autor de Mateus se insere num debate abrangente entre os judaísmos do período, que mantinham relações conflituosas com a cultura Greco-romana e a própria herança cultural. Mateus, em especial, rejeita a apropriação plena dos padrões clientelistas para as relações interpessoais dos discípulos de Jesus ao mesmo tempo que se apropria desse modelo socioeconômico estrangeiro para desenvolver seu imaginário religioso. Defende-se que em Mateus, Deus assume, como personagem, as características de um patrono divino que protege e beneficia seus fieis clientes, que em retribuição deviam praticar boas obras para com os pobres. Em contrapartida a essa relação religiosa vertical que é desejável, o evangelho rejeita os vínculos clientelistas que hierarquizam os seres humanos, vendo-as também como traição àquele primeiro e soberano patrono.
Книги з теми "Primitive matter":
1
Logan, Peter Melville. Victorian fetishism: Intellectuals and primitives. Albany: State University of New York Press, 2009.
2
Gisele, Díaz, Rodgers Alan 1951-, and Byland Bruce E, eds. The Codex Borgia: A full-color restoration of the ancient Mexican manuscript. New York: Dover Publications, 1993.
3
Massaux, Edouard. The influence of the Gospel of Saint Matthew on Christian literature before Saint Irenaeus. Leuven Belgium: Peeters, 1990.
4
Ellingsen, Mark. African Christian Mothers and Fathers: Why They Matter for the Church Today. Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2015.
5
Ellingsen, Mark. African Christian Mothers and Fathers: Why They Matter for the Church Today. Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2015.
6
Maier, Eleanor Marie. Decisions Matter: Ninety-Three Years of Experiences, Surprises, and Joys Beginning in Poverty on a Primitive Pioneer Farm. Author Reputation Press, LLC, 2023.
7
Maier, Eleanor Marie. Decisions Matter: Ninety-Three Years of Experiences, Surprises, and Joys Beginning in Poverty on a Primitive Pioneer Farm. Author Reputation Press, LLC, 2023.
8
Ellingsen, Mark. African Christian Mothers and Fathers: Why They Matter for the Church Today. Wipf & Stock Publishers, 2015.
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Odgers, Jo, Adam Sharr, and Flora Samuel. Primitive: Original Matters in Architecture. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.
10
Odgers, Jo, Adam Sharr, and Flora Samuel. Primitive: Original Matters in Architecture. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.
Частини книг з теми "Primitive matter":
1
Bhandari, N. "Primitive Matter in Meteorites." In Astrochemistry, 485–91. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4774-0_81.
2
Russell, Bertrand. "From Primitive Perception to Common Sense." In The Analysis of Matter, 135–48. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003308898-17.
3
Senatore, Gaetano, and Giorgio Pastore. "Highly Asymmetric Electrolyte Suspensions in the Primitive Model." In Condensed Matter Theories, 615–26. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-2934-7_55.
4
Gourier, D., and L. Binet. "Seeking the Origins of Life: Primitive Carbonaceous Matter." In Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, 175–217. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39668-8_7.
5
Gourier, Didier, Laurent Binet, and Hervé Vezin. "EPR of Primitive Organic Matter: A Tool for Astrobiology." In Applications of EPR in Radiation Research, 541–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09216-4_15.
6
Bauer, Laurie, Janet Holmes, and Paul Warren. "Primitive Languages." In Language Matters, 92–101. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-91953-6_10.
7
"Front Matter." In Primitive Normativity, i—vi. Duke University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.8180975.1.
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"Front Matter." In Primitive Meteorites and Asteroids, iii. Elsevier, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813325-5.01001-6.
9
"Front Matter." In The Law of Primitive Man, i—vi. Harvard University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv322v463.1.
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"Front Matter." In Our Knowledge Is Not Primitive, i—vi. Syracuse University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv3405vkw.1.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Primitive matter":
1
Bonato, Enrica, Ashley King, Paul F. Schofield, Sara Russell, Burkhard Kaulich, Majid Kazemian, Tohru Araki, and Martin Lee. "Mineral-Organic Matter Relationships in Primitive CO3 Chondrites." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.220.
2
Hayakawa, T., M. Kusakabe, H. Ko, M. K. Cheoun, G. J. Mathews, A. Tolstov, K. Nomoto, et al. "Neutrino process with primitive meteorites and high power laser." In 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ORIGIN OF MATTER AND EVOLUTION OF GALAXIES (OMEG 2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5030825.
3
Khare, Bishun N., C. McKay, P. Wilhite, D. Beeler, M. Carter, L. Schurmeier, S. Jagota, et al. "Organic matter in the Titan lakes, and comparison with primitive Earth." In FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CHEMICAL EVOLUTION OF STAR FORMING REGION AND ORIGIN OF LIFE: Astrochem2012. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4812602.
4
Novikova, Marina Mikhailovna. "Primitive and Traditional Art in Modern Art Theory and Practice." In International Scientific and Practical Conference. TSNS Interaktiv Plus, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21661/r-551494.
Анотація:
The article is devoted to identifying the points of contact between primitive and modern cultures. The subject matter is based on the theory and practice of artistic creativity, its origins and aesthetic potential. The article reveals the degree of influence of the figurative-semantic and symbolic content of primitive and traditional culture on modern artistic creativity: on stylistic, formal techniques, themes, images; in General, on artistic thinking.
5
McKeegan, Kevin. "The enigmatic origins of CHON: unraveling the isotopic clues in primitive matter." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.7874.
6
Shcherbina, M. P., V. V. Busarev, and S. I. Barabanov. "New reflectance spectra of Main belt asteroids: clarification of taxonomic types and composition of matter." In ASTRONOMY AT THE EPOCH OF MULTIMESSENGER STUDIES. Proceedings of the VAK-2021 conference, Aug 23–28, 2021. Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51194/vak2021.2022.1.1.094.
Анотація:
The mineralogy of the surface matter of asteroids can be judged using a qualitative interpretation of the reflection spectraof these bodies. The features of the reflectance spectra (absorption bands) are wide enough for correct interpretation even ata low resolution of the recording device. It should be noted that the number of events of registration of sublimation activityamong primitive asteroids has been increasing recently. The emergence of a temporary exosphere affects the asteroid’sreflection spectrum. The reflection spectra of 12 asteroids of the Main Belt, mainly of primitive type, have been obtainedand analyzed. The aim of the research was to study the influence of the temporal exosphere on the correct determinationof the spectral type of the asteroid. In addition, for asteroid 203 Pompeia, the spectral type has been determined for thefirst time(class C).
7
Martins, Zita. "Exogenous delivery of organic matter to the early Earth by primitive carbonaceous meteorites and implications for the origin of life." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.8118.
8
Calzón García, José Antonio. "Lázaro ante el espejo: subversión y reescritura en una adaptación escolar." In Simposio internacional El Lazarillo y sus continuadores: Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, 10 y 11 de octubre de 2019, Universidade da Coruña: [Actas]. Servicio de Publicaciones. Universidade da Coruña, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.9788497497657.87.
Анотація:
The main purpose of this paper is to analyse –by comparing with the original text– the school version of Lazarillo recently published by Saldaña Press, not only with respect to the specificities it shows –for instance, the relevance of pictures or meta-enunciative elements–, but also because the close date of publication –2008– allows us to study the version from current sociocultural approaches. Thus, the writing strategy, the characterization of the protagonist, the reason of the story, the "matter", the ironies or the duplicities, among other aspects, permit to conclude, not only that the text alternates between the respect towards the original novel and the distortion of the primitive purpose, but also that, generally speaking, the school version harmonises with the critical trend that rejects apriorisms and assumptions to analyse the original Lazarillo, finding in this literary work only all that is verifiable in a positivist way.
9
Saund, Eric. "Shape representation using scale-space." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1985.tur2.
Анотація:
A major goal of shape analysis is to derive discrete qualitative descriptions of binary data which may assume a continuum of distributions in space—witness the range of 2-D silhouettes that may be called hammer. We address the question, when during information processing should a representation proceed from a continuous, iconic data structure (i.e., in the format of the image array) to more abstract, discrete symbolic descriptors? Conventional approaches to shape representation immediately describe shape in terms of the spatial relationships among instantiations of a small number of shape primitives. Depending on the primitives chosen and the rules for assigning primitives to portions of the image, this strategy can lead to unnatural and unstable descriptions. We argue that at an early level of shape analysis the quantity of interest is the continuous-valued location and density of matter in space, across all scales of resolution. A natural data structure is scale-space, the original signal smoothed at all scales.1 Shape information is manipulated via operations for moving matter around in the scale-space image. Different shapes can be compared through comparison and alignment of their scale-space images under these operations.
10
Faugeras, O. D. "A Geometric Representation and Matcher for Recognizing and Positioning 3-D Rigid Objects." In Machine Vision. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/mv.1985.thc1.
Анотація:
Simple geometric primitives are used to represent 3-D shapes for purposes of recognition and positioning. The hypothesis prediction and verification paradigm is used to solve that problem by estimating best rigid displacements recursively.
Звіти організацій з теми "Primitive matter":
1
Савосько, Василь Миколайович, Юлія Бєлик, and Юрій Васильович Лихолат. Ecological and Geological Determination of the Initial Pedogenesis on Devastated Lands in the Kryvyi Rih Iron Mining & Metallurgical District (Ukraine). Journ. Geol. Geograph. Geoecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/3643.
Анотація:
In our time, a very urgent problem is the cessation of negative impacts on the environment and the return to the practical use of the territories of devastated lands. In this regard, it is important to find out the basic laws of primary soil formation in the area of these man-made neoplasms. The initial soil formation conditions were analyzed on 19 experimental sites which represent the main varieties of devastated land in the Kryvyi Rih Iron Mining and Metallurgical District (Central Ukraine): (i) waste rock dumps of old iron mines (old name “Forges”), (ii) tailing storage facility of underground iron mines, (iii) waste rock dumps of the Iron Ore Mining and Dressing Plant, (iv) waste rock dumps of the Granite Quarry Plant. It was established that on the devastated lands in Kryvyi Rih District, the initial soil formation occurs in very difficult conditions. Therefore, over 25- 100 years only very primitive soils were formed. The following features are inherent to them: (1) primitive soil profile (thickness 10-100 mm), (2) low levels of soil organic substance content (9.5-11.5 %), (3) alkaline indicators of the soil solution (pHH2O – 8.08-8.92, pHKCl – 7.42-8.23), (4) low levels of cation exchange capacity (6.34-8.47 mMol /100 g). By results of correlation calculations, among the factors of soil formation time (duration of soil formation) and input of plant ash elements’ fall are characterized by the maximum number of statistically significant correlation coefficients and their numerical values. In terms of chemical composition of the technosol, the values of organic matter content and exchangeable acidity (pHKCl) were the most predictable soil formation factors. Generally physical / chemical characteristics of geological rocks (as parent material) and time were the two most important factors in determining the initial pedogenesis on devastated lands in the Kryvyi Rih Iron Mining & Metallurgical District (Ukraine).
2
Baader, Franz, and Ralf Küsters. Matching Concept Descriptions with Existential Restrictions Revisited. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.98.
Анотація:
An abridged version of this technical report has been submitted to KR 2000. Matching of concepts against patterns is a new inference task in Description Logics, which was originally motivated by applications of the CLASSIC system. Consequently, the work on this problem was until now mostly concerned with sublanguages of the Classic language, which does not allow for existential restrictions. Motivated by an application in chemical process engineering, which requires a description language with existential restrictions, this paper investigates the matching problem in Description Logics with existential restrictions. It turns out that existential restrictions make matching more complex in two respects. First, whereas matching in sublanguages of CLASSIC is polynomial, deciding the existence of matchers is an NP-complete problem in the presence of existential restrictions. Second, whereas in sublanguages of Classic solvable matching problems have a unique least matcher, this is not the case for languages with existential restrictions. Thus, it is not a priori clear which of the (possibly infinitely many) matchers should be returned by a matching algorithm. After determining the complexity of the decision problem, the present paper first investigates the question of what are 'interesting' sets of matchers, and then describes algorithms for computing these sets for the languages EL (which allows for conjunction and existential restrictions) and ALE (which additionally allows for value restrictions, primitive negation, and the bottom concept).
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Baader, Franz, and Ralf Küsters. Matching Concept Descriptions with Existential Restrictions Revisited. Aachen University of Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.98.
Анотація:
An abridged version of this technical report has been submitted to KR 2000. Matching of concepts against patterns is a new inference task in Description Logics, which was originally motivated by applications of the CLASSIC system. Consequently, the work on this problem was until now mostly concerned with sublanguages of the Classic language, which does not allow for existential restrictions. Motivated by an application in chemical process engineering, which requires a description language with existential restrictions, this paper investigates the matching problem in Description Logics with existential restrictions. It turns out that existential restrictions make matching more complex in two respects. First, whereas matching in sublanguages of CLASSIC is polynomial, deciding the existence of matchers is an NP-complete problem in the presence of existential restrictions. Second, whereas in sublanguages of Classic solvable matching problems have a unique least matcher, this is not the case for languages with existential restrictions. Thus, it is not a priori clear which of the (possibly infinitely many) matchers should be returned by a matching algorithm. After determining the complexity of the decision problem, the present paper first investigates the question of what are 'interesting' sets of matchers, and then describes algorithms for computing these sets for the languages EL (which allows for conjunction and existential restrictions) and ALE (which additionally allows for value restrictions, primitive negation, and the bottom concept).
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Hefetz, Abraham, and Gene Robinson. Hormonal and Pheromonal Regulation of Reproduction in the Bumble Bee Bombus terrestris. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1994.7568775.bard.
Анотація:
Bombus terrestris constitute important pollinators of greenhouse crops. In Israel the species utilized is, whose colonies are reared commercially. This is a primitively social species with a particular colony development. It encompasses two social phases: a eusocial phase in which the queen dominates reproduction, and a competition phase in which workers compete with the queen for the parentage of males. These workers are distinguished by accelerated ovarian development, high production of JH, and elevated levels of dopamine in the brain. Queen-worker conflict is also manifested in overt aggression among all members of the nest. High aggression is correlated with dominance status of the bees and is also correlated with octopamine levels in the brain. After verifying that JH III is the only JH produced by the bees and validating the assay for its measurements (RCA & RIA), we used JH as an indicator of worker reproduction. Queens taken from colonies both before and after the competition phase were equally effective in inhibiting worker reproduction. Moreover, there is only a narrow window, around the competition point, in which workers may have the opportunity to initiate reproduction. Before that point they are inhibited by the dominant queen, while after that point both the queen and those workers with accelerated ovarian development exert strong inhibition on worker nest mates. Thus, "queen dominance deterioration" is not the primary cause in eliciting the queen-worker conflict. Queens convey their presence by means of a chemical signal that is extractable in organic solvent and that is normally spread on the cuticle. Total body extract and body washes, applied on dead virgin queens, were able to inhibit the release of JHin vitro in queenless workers. However, none of the prominent exocrine gland investigated mimicked this function. It is possible that the source of the putative pheromone is an unknown gland, or that it emanates from an assembly of glands. Chemical analyses of the prominent glands revealed a plethora of compounds the function of which should be further investigated. Understanding the social behavior of B. terrestris paves the way to facilitate colony manipulation and to adjust the colonies for specific pollination requirements.