Готові списки джерел за темами / Pressure on tissue

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Pressure on tissue"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022
Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Pressure on tissue"

1

Lu, Y., K. H. Parker, and W. Wang. "Effects of osmotic pressure in the extracellular matrix on tissue deformation." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 364, no. 1843 (April 18, 2006): 1407–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2006.1778.

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Анотація:
In soft tissues, large molecules such as proteoglycans trapped in the extracellular matrix (ECM) generate high levels of osmotic pressure to counter-balance external pressures. The semi-permeable matrix and fixed negative charges on these molecules serve to promote the swelling of tissues when there is an imbalance of molecular concentrations. Structural molecules, such as collagen fibres, form a network of stretch-resistant matrix, which prevents tissue from over-swelling and keeps tissue integrity. However, collagen makes little contribution to load bearing; the osmotic pressure in the ECM is the main contributor balancing external pressures. Although there have been a number of studies on tissue deformation, there is no rigorous analysis focusing on the contribution of the osmotic pressure in the ECM on the viscoelastic behaviour of soft tissues. Furthermore, most previous works were carried out based on the assumption of infinitesimal deformation, whereas tissue deformation is finite under physiological conditions. In the current study, a simplified mathematical model is proposed. Analytic solutions for solute distribution in the ECM and the free-moving boundary were derived by solving integro-differential equations under constant and dynamic loading conditions. Osmotic pressure in the ECM is found to contribute significantly to the viscoelastic characteristics of soft tissues during their deformation.
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2

Adair, T. H., and A. C. Guyton. "Measurement of subcutaneous tissue fluid pressure using a skin-cup method." Journal of Applied Physiology 58, no. 5 (May 1, 1985): 1528–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.58.5.1528.

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We developed a new method for measuring tissue fluid pressure in subcutaneous tissue. Porous Teflon cylinders were permanently implanted subcutaneously into the inguinal area of 10 dogs, and after several weeks a skin concavity formed in the center of each of the cylinders. A small needle attached to a recording system was inserted into the free tissue fluid lining the concavity, and the tissue fluid pressure averaged -8.8 +/- 2.7 (SD) mmHg. Next, a hollow Plexiglas cup was placed over the concavity and glued to the skin. The air pressure in the skin cup was continually adjusted (using an electromechanical servo-control system) to pull the skin upward and to hold it perfectly flat across the upper ridge of the Teflon cylinder. The simultaneously recorded needle and cup pressures averaged -9.1 +/- 2.4 and -8.6 +/- 2.6 mmHg, respectively, during steady-state conditions with the skin in a flat position. Both pressures also responded appropriately to dynamic changes in tissue fluid pressure caused by increasing and decreasing the volume of the free tissue fluid. Because the skin was flat, the equivalences of pressures above and below the skin is consistent with the hypothesis that the skin was not tethered significantly to the underlying tissues and that cup pressure accurately estimates the tissue free fluid pressure.
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3

Klotz, Theodor, Roland Vorreuther, Axel Heidenreich, Jurgen Zumbe, and Udo Engelmann. "Testicular Tissue Oxygen Pressure." Journal of Urology 155, no. 4 (April 1996): 1488–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-5347(01)66312-2.

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4

Preston, Ave, Aditi Rao, Robyn Strauss, Rebecca Stamm, and Demetra Zalman. "Deep Tissue Pressure Injury." AJN, American Journal of Nursing 117, no. 5 (May 2017): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000516273.66604.c7.

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5

Drucker, W., F. Pearce, L. Glass-Heidenreich, H. Hopf, C. Powell, M. G. Ochsner, H. Frankel, et al. "Subcutaneous Tissue Oxygen Pressure." Journal of Trauma: Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 40, Supplement (March 1996): 116S—122S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199603001-00026.

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Black, Joyce M., and Christine T. Berke. "Deep Tissue Pressure Injuries." Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America 32, no. 4 (December 2020): 563–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cnc.2020.08.006.

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7

Allen, D., R. J. Korthuis, and S. Clark. "Evaluation of Starling forces in the equine digit." Journal of Applied Physiology 64, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 1580–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1988.64.4.1580.

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A pump-perfused extracorporeal digital preparation was used to evaluate blood flow, arterial pressure, venous pressure, isogravimetric capillary filtration coefficient, capillary pressure, and vascular compliance in six normal horses. From these data, pre- and postcapillary resistances and pre- and postcapillary resistance ratios were determined. Vascular and tissue oncotic pressures were estimated from plasma and lymph protein concentrations, respectively. By use of the collected and calculated data, tissue pressure in the digit was calculated using the Starling equation. In the isolated equine digit, isogravimetric capillary pressure averaged 36.7 mmHg, plasma and lymph oncotic pressures averaged aged 19.12 and 6.6 mmHg, respectively, interstitial fluid pressure averaged 25.6 mmHg, and the capillary filtration coefficient averaged 0.0013 ml.min-1.mm-1.100 g-1. Our results indicate that digital capillary pressure in the laterally recumbent horse is much higher than in analogous tissues in other species such as dog and human. However, the potential edemagenic effects of this high digital capillary pressure are opposed by at least two mechanisms: 1) a high tissue pressure and 2) a low microvascular surface area for fluid exchange and/or a low microvascular permeability to filtered fluid.
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8

Harrel, Stephen K., Celeste M. Abraham, and Francisco Rivera-Hidalgo. "Tissue Resistance to Soft Tissue Emphysema during Minimally Invasive Periodontal Surgery." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 6 (2012): 886–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1247.

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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to determine the pressure where oral soft tissue resistance will be overcome resulting in soft tissue emphysema and to measure the safety of an antifouling device for a videoscope used during minimally invasive periodontal surgery. Materials and methods Resistance was measured in vitro in porcine tissue. One study arm measured palatal tissue resistance to air applied through a needle. Another arm measured resistance in a surgical access for minimally invasive periodontal surgery (MIS). India ink was placed on the tissue, pressure at 0,3,10,15,20, and 25 pounds/square inch (psi) applied, and penetration of India ink into the tissue was measured. Three trials in three sites were performed at each pressure in both arms of the study. Results Pressure applied to palatal tissue through a needle showed no significant penetration of India ink until 15 psi (0.90 ¡Ó 0.24 mm, p = 0.008). Penetration considered clinically significant was noted at 20 and 25 psi (4 to 6 mm, p „T 0.0001). No significant penetration was noted in minimally invasive incisions. Conclusion Within the test system, pressures of 15 psi or less seem unlikely to cause soft tissue emphysema. No evidence of tissue emphysema was noted with the videoscope antifouling device. Clinical significance The use of pressures greater than 15 pounds per square inch should be avoided during surgical procedures. The antifouling device for a videoscope appears safe for use during minimally invasive periodontal surgery. How to cite this article Harrel SK, Abraham CM, Rivera- Hidalgo F. Tissue Resistance to Soft Tissue Emphysema during Minimally Invasive Periodontal Surgery. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6):886-891.
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Wong, Patrick T. T., Rita K. Wong, and Michael Fung Kee Fung. "Pressure-Tuning FT-IR Study of Human Cervical Tissues." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 7 (July 1993): 1058–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934415291.

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Infrared spectra of the normal connective, the normal epithelial, and the malignant epithelial tissues of cervix from seven patients have been measured as a function of pressure. Extremely high quality spectra of these tissue samples have been obtained. Consequently, structural differences at the molecular level among these three types of cervical tissues have been extracted from their pressure-tuning infrared spectra in the regions of the symmetric and antisymmetric stretching modes of phosphodiester groups, the C-O stretching mode, the CH2 bending mode, and the amide I mode. Significant differences in many features between the infrared spectra of the normal and the malignant cervical tissues and cells suggest that the infrared spectra of exfoliated cells and the biopsy of cervical tissues may be used in rapid evaluation of cervical cancer or in screening of large-volume normal cervical specimens. The infrared spectrum of the normal connective tissue of cervix in the frequency region 950 to 1100 cm−1 is similar to that of the malignant cervical tissue and cells. Therefore, if only this region of the spectrum is examined, the normal connective tissue will be misinterpreted as malignant tissue. However, the normal connective tissue can be differentiated unambiguously from the malignant tissue or the normal epithelial tissue by the infrared spectra in the frequency region 1200 to 1500 cm−1, where several well-defined sharp bands are unique for the normal connective tissue.
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Helili, Maimaitirexiati, Xiang Geng, Xin Ma, Wenming Chen, Chao Zhang, Jiazhang Huang, and Xu Wang. "An Investigation of Regional Plantar Soft Tissue Hardness and Its Potential Correlation with Plantar Pressure Distribution in Healthy Adults." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2021 (June 12, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5566036.

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Background. The plantar soft tissue plays a critical role in absorbing shocks and attenuating excessive stresses during walking. Plantar soft tissue property and plantar pressure are critical information for footwear design and clinical assessment. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between plantar soft tissue hardness and plantar pressure during walking. Methods. 59 healthy volunteers (27 males and 32 females, aged 20 to 82) participated in this study. The plantar surface was divided into five regions: lateral rearfoot, medial rearfoot, lateral midfoot, lateral forefoot, and medial forefoot, and the plantar tissue hardness was tested using Shore durometer in each region. Average dynamic pressures in each region were analyzed for the five regions corresponding to the hardness tests. The relationship between hardness and average dynamic pressure was analyzed in each region. Results. The average hardness of the plantar soft tissue in the above five regions is as follows: lateral rearfoot ( 34.49 ± 6.77 ), medial rearfoot ( 34.47 ± 6.64 ), lateral midfoot ( 27.95 ± 6.13 ), lateral forefoot ( 29.72 ± 5.47 ), and medial forefoot ( 28.58 ± 4.41 ). Differences of hardness were observed between age groups, and hardness of plantar soft tissues in forefoot regions increased with age ( P < 0.05 ). A negative relationship was found between plantar soft tissue hardness and pressure reduction at lateral rearfoot, medial rearfoot, and lateral midfoot ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. The hardness of plantar soft tissues changes with age in healthy individuals, and there is a trend of increasing hardness of the plantar soft tissue with age. The plantar soft tissue hardness increases with plantar pressure.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Pressure on tissue"

1

Bergstrand, Sara. "Preventing pressure ulcers by assessment of the microcirculation in tissue exposed to pressure." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för omvårdnad, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-109960.

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The overall aim of this thesis was to combine optical methods into a system with the ability to simultaneously measure blood flow changes at different tissue depths. The goal of such a system was to reveal vascular mechanisms relevant to pressure ulcer etiology under clinically relevant conditions and in relation to the evaluation of pressure-redistribution support surfaces. This thesis consists of four quantitative, cross-sectional studies measuring blood flow responses before, during, and after pressure exposure of the sacral tissue. Two optical methods – photoplethysmography and laser Doppler flowmetry – were combined in a newly developed system that has the ability to discriminate blood flows at different tissue depths. Studies I and II explored blood flow responses at different depths in 17 individuals. In Study I the blood flow was related to tissue thickness and tissue compression during pressure exposure of ≥ 220 mmHg. In Study II, the sacral tissue was loaded with 37.5 mmHg and 50.0 mmHg, and the variation in blood flow was measured. Studies III and IV included 42 healthy individuals < 65 years, 38 healthy individuals ≥ 65 years, and 35 patients ≥ 65 years. Study III included between-subject comparisons of blood flow and pressure between individuals in the three study groups lying in supine positions on a standard hospital mattress. Study IV added within-subject comparisons while the individual was lying on four different types of mattress. The studies explored the vascular phenomena pressure-induced vasodilation (PIV) and reactive hyperemia (RH). The most common blood flow response to tissue exposure in this thesis was PIV, although a decrease in blood flow (a lack of PIV) was observed in some individuals. The patients tended to have higher interface pressure during pressure exposure than the healthy groups but no differences in blood flow responses were seen. Our results showed that pressure levels that are normally considered to be harmless could have a significant effect on the microcirculation in different tissue structures. Differences in individual blood flow responses in terms of PIV and RH were seen, and a larger proportion of individuals lacked these responses in the deeper tissue structures compared to more superficial tissue structures. This thesis identified PIV and RH that are important vascular mechanisms for pressure ulcer development and revealed for the first time that PIV and RH are present at different depths under clinically relevant conditions. The thesis also identified a population of individuals not previously identified who lack both PIV and RH and seem to be particularly vulnerable to pressure exposure. Further, this thesis has added a new perspective to the microcirculation in pressure ulcer etiology in terms of blood flow regulation and endothelial function that are anchored in clinically relevant studies. Finally, the evaluation of pressureredistribution support surfaces in terms of mean blood flow during and after tissue exposure was shown to be unfeasible, but the assessment of PIV and RH could provide a new possibility for measuring individual physiological responses that are known to be related to pressure ulcer development.
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2

Shim, Joon Wan. "MECHANOBIOLOGY OF SOFT TISSUE DIFFERENTIATION : EFFECT OF HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE." MSSTATE, 2006. http://sun.library.msstate.edu/ETD-db/theses/available/etd-06262006-095654/.

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This study was motivated by a theoretical formulation on mechanobiology of soft and hard skeletal tissue differentiation. To prove this formulation experimentally, I hypothesized that cartilaginous phenotype can be induced in vitro in a seemingly non-cartilaginous cell source from fibrous tissue. In testing this hypothesis, I have focused on cartilage as a target and fibrous tissue as an origin or the source of cell. Four different trials were pursued with one supposition in common, i.e. hydrostatic pressure is one of the main driving forces for chondroinduction in vitro. The first and second trials pertained to the influence of a relatively short and long duration cyclic hydrostatic compression on rat Achilles tendon fibroblasts. The third trial was to examine the effect of two different drugs on cytoskeletal elements of mesenchymal stem cells or mouse embryonic fibroblast lines in pellet cultures combined with the similar duration and/or frequency of cyclic hydrostatic pressure adopted in the aforesaid trials with no pharmacological agents added. Last, attempts were made to implement an advanced technique in molecular biology called 'PCR array' to further quantify expression levels of eighty four pathway-specific genes in mouse TGFbeta/BMP signaling traffic under the same physiological regimen of hydrostatic compression. Results demonstrated that transdifferentation in phenotype from tendon to fibrocartilage may have occurred in vitro in tendon fibroblasts in pellet cultures exposed to hydrostatic pressure. Experiments on the role of the cytoskeleton in mechanotransduction of the applied level of hydrostatic pressure demonstrated that disruption of microfilaments in the presence of cytochalasin-D did not significantly interfere with the anabolic effect of cyclic pressure. However, disruption of microtubule assembly by nocodazole abolished the pressure-induced stimulation in cartilage marker genes. These findings suggest that microtubules, but not microfilaments, are involved in mechanotransduction of hydrostatic pressure by mesenchymal stem cells.
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3

Knight, Sarah Louise. "Non-invasive techniques for predicting soft tissue during pressure induced ishaemia." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1997. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/1481.

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Анотація:
Soft tissue breakdown occurs in association with biochemical changes that can be attributed to a reduction in blood and lymph flow to a localised tissue area in response to applied pressure. The resulting ischaemia can lead to a reduction in available oxygen and accumulation of waste products. Tissue breakdown leading to the development of pressure sores afflicts patients who are already debilitated, although not all patients appear to be equally susceptible. Measurement of sweat biochemistry and blood gas tensions may reflect the biochemical process in the underlying tissues and provide a simple and non-invasive method of investigating the status of soft tissues. The potential of specific sweat metabolites to act as markers of soft tissue status during and following loading has been investigated at a clinically relevant site in healthy volunteers, and in two clinically relevant patient groups. A range of validation procedures were undertaken and a series of parameters derived to investigate the temporal profile of sweat biochemistry, and identify various modes of gas tension response. Investigations at the loaded sacrum of healthy individuals showed a statistically significant increase in sweat lactate, urea, urate and chloride concentrations which were dependent upon the level of externally applied pressure. Mean increases of between 10%-60% were demonstrated for sweat metabolite concentrations at the loaded site compared to the control site for applied pressures in the range 40-120 mmHg. Similar increases were demonstrated in sweat collected from highly loaded tissue areas within the stump socket of lower limb amputees. A threshold value for P02 tension was identified, amounting to a 60% reduction from the unloaded value, which was associated with elevated tissue carbon dioxide levels as well as increased sweat metabolite concentrations in the loaded phase. This finding may provide a useful predictor of soft tissue status during prolonged loading. No pessimist ever discovered the secrets of the stars, or sailed to an uncharted land, or opened a new heaven to the human spirit. Helen Adams
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4

Grieve, Andrew Paul. "Soft tissue mechanical properties and the design of pressure distributing seat cushions." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306036.

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5

Bergstrand, Sara. "Tissue Blood Flow Responses to External Pressure Using LDF and PPG : Testing a System Developed for Pressure Ulcer Research." Licentiate thesis, Linköping : Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-51886.

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6

Keckler, Jesse. "Direct Assessment of Osmotic Pressure within Intervertebral Disc Tissue via a Needle Micro-Osmometer." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1555412949107298.

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Abah, Colette P. (Colette Patricia). "A tissue tensioner to limit water injection during high pressure water jet debridement." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98947.

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Анотація:
Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2015.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 53-55).
Removing necrotic tissue and foreign materials from wounds is a critical step in the management and treatment of chronic wounds. MIT's BioInstrumentation Laboratory developed a novel debridement technology that uses two high-speed impinging water jets to excise necrotic tissue. However, this device potentially causes accidental injection of water into healthy tissue beneath the wound bed, which can cause injury and necrosis in the healthy tissue. The purpose of this thesis is to explore tissue tension as a solution to reduce the required cutting power and consequently reduce water injection to acceptable levels. After validating the positive effect of tissue tension on the cutting efficiency of the water jet debridement device, we developed a technology that uses angled rolling wheels to tension tissue prior to debridement. This novel tensioner was qualitatively tested and successfully applied local tension at the site of cutting. Suggestions for further testing to improve this device are given. This tissue tensioner shows promise as a complementary appendage to the water jet debridement device.
by Colette P. Abah.
S.B.
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8

Länne, Rosenlund Hanna. "Redesign of a generic human limb pressure device – towards early diagnosis of pressure ulcer risk patients." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, JTH, Maskinteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30300.

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This report is a Bachelor thesis in the field of product development and design. It includes a literature review in the field of pressure ulcers and diabetes as well as a design process. The writer of this report, Hanna Länne Rosenlund, is a Mechanical Engineering student at the School of Engineering at Jönköping University. The focus of the education lies within product development and design. Pressure ulcers are a growing health care problem due to an increase in the mean life expectancy as well as an increase in diabetes in the world population. Patients with artificial limbs are often victims of pressure ulcers due to prolonged pressures from the prosthetic sockets on already sensitive areas of the body. Research in the field of pressure-induced injuries is currently taking place at Jönköping University. Their knowledge in finite element modelling and orthopaedic engineering made the research project, PEOPLE, possible. PEOPLE is a collaboration project between the School of Engineering and the School of Health and Welfare at Jönköping University as well as three company partners. In the project they aim to develop a device that will apply pressure to a lower limb while a MR camera takes scans of the limb. The images are later analysed closely by use of the finite element model, which means that all the different tissue properties will be collected for a computer simulation. In that way the tissues reactions to more extreme forms of pressure can be evaluated. This will contribute to the research in hope of eventually being able to predict whether or not a person might be at risk of developing pressure ulcers. A design of the prototype’s chassis was needed to optimize ease of use for both patient and staff, user options to expand research abilities, and sustainability. The design process includes product decomposition, concept generation, conceptual design, brainstorming, design for assembly, and design for component manufacturing, which generated several concepts. The final concept was decided by use of Pugh’s-matrices. The different concepts and the final concept were created in the computer aided design programme, Solid Works. The work resulted in a highly adjustable two-piece concept with optimized ease of use and sustainability due to the use of a Velcro strap. The prototype will come in two different sizes and will be mountable by a developed screwing system and therefore easy to pack, store and replace. It will also contain a new pressure relief system for a more comfortable patient experience. For further development of chassis of this kind, a replaceable pressure relief system would enhance the comfort when usage of larger limbs. When the device will be available for testing, a patient’s point of view can be taken in to consideration for a more reliable thesis and for further optimization of the comfort.
Detta är ett examensarbete på kandidatnivå inom ämnet produktutveckling och design. I arbetet ingår en litterär överblick och sammanfattning av forskning i ämnet angående trycksår och diabetes, samt en designprocess. Författaren, Hanna Länne Rosenlund studerar Maskinteknik med inriktning Produktutveckling och Design på Jönköpings Tekniska Högskola. Trycksår är ett växande problem inom vården på grund av en ökning i medellivslängden samt en ökning av diabetesdiagnoser hos världens befolkning. Patienter med proteser faller ofta offer för trycksår på grund av extrema och långvariga tryckförhållanden där proteserna är lokaliserade. Ett område som redan är känsligare för tryck. Forskning inom tryckframkallande skador pågår just nu på Jönköping University. Deras kunskap inom finita elements modellering samt ortopedingenjörsteknik har gjort detta forskningsprojekt möjligt. Forskningsprojektet heter PEOPLE och är ett samverkningsprojekt mellan Tekniska Högskolan, Hälsohögskolan samt tre företagspartners. Tillsammans siktar de mot att utveckla en prototyp som ska utsätta en lem för ett konstant tryck medan en MR kamera scannar vävnaden. En finit elements modell av lemmen skapas sedan för närmre granskning av vävnaden hos individen. Vävnadens egenskaper samlas sedan för en simulering då man kan utvärdera hur vävnaden skulle reagera på mer extrema former av tryck. På så sätt kan prototypen bidra till forskningen inom ämnet för att förhoppningsvis kunna förutspå ifall en person är vid risk för att utveckla trycksår eller inte. En omkonstruktion av prototypens chassi har utvecklats för att optimera användarvänligheten för både patient och personal, användarmöjligheten för forskningssyfte, samt för att bättre bidra till en mer hållbar lösning. Designprocessen har inkluderat teorier såsom produktnedbrytning, konceptgenerering, konceptutveckling, brainstorming, design for assembly och design for manufacturing som alla har hjälpt till att generera koncept. Det slutgiltiga konceptet valdes med hjälp av Pugh matriser. Koncepten samt det slutliga konceptet skapades i ett CAD (computer aided design) program, Solid Works. Arbetet resulterade i ett justerbart tvådelat koncept med optimerad användarvänlighet och hållbarhet genom att använda sig av ett kardborreband. Prototypen kommer att finnas i två olika storlekar och vara monterbar genom att det går att skruva bort chassit och på så sätt optimera packning, hantering och förvaring. Det kommer också att innehålla ett nyutvecklat system för att underlätta fördelningen av tryck på motsatt sida från indenteringen. För fortsatt utveckling av chassit hade ett utbytbart system för tryckavledning optimerat produkten ytterligare då komforten hade ökat vid användning på större lemmar. När produkten finns tillgänglig för testning i framtiden kommer en patients syn vara möjlig att ta med och på så sätt förstärka trovärdigheten av arbetet samt bidra till fortsatt strävande för komfort.
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9

Messer, Monica Shutts. "Development of a Tool for Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment and Preventive Interventions in Ancillary Services Patients." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4161.

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Development of a Tool for Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment and Preventive Interventions in Ancillary Services Patients Monica S. Messer Abstract The incidence of nosocomial pressure ulcers has increased 70 percent in U.S. hospitals over the past 15 years despite implementation of preventive guidelines and the wide-spread use of validated risk assessment tools. Most preventive efforts have been focused primarily on patients who are bed-ridden or immobile for extended periods. What has not been well studied or identified is the risk for pressure injury to patients undergoing diagnostic procedures in hospital ancillary units where extrinsic risk factors such as high interface pressures on procedure tables and friction and shear from positioning and transport can greatly magnify the effect of patient-specific intrinsic risk factors which might not otherwise put these patients at high risk on an inpatient unit. The purpose of this study was to develop a risk assessment tool designed explicitly to quantify the combination of these intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors in individual patients undergoing ancillary services procedures, and to identify targeted preventive interventions based on the individual level of risk. Empirically and theoretically-derived risk factors for the tool were tested in a nation-wide hospital database of over 6 million patient discharge records using bivariate and multivariate analysis to identify significant predictors of pressure ulcer outcomes. The statistically significant factors emerging were then used to develop the risk assessment scale. These predictors included; advanced age, diabetes, human immunodeficiency virus infection, sepsis, and fever. The scale was tested for internal validity using the split-sample cross-validation method, and for accuracy using the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristics curve. The optimum score cut point was identified to provide a predictive accuracy of 71 percent. Interventions for the tool were identified from national clinical practice guidelines and aligned in sets based on patient levels of risk identified by the scoring portion of the tool. The entire tool was evaluated for content validity by a panel of five international nurse experts in pressure ulcer prevention and tool development. The content validity index calculated from their ratings was .91 indicating excellent agreement on content validity.
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Okarski, Kevin Mark Mr. "IMPLEMENTATION OF PHYSIOLOGIC PRESSURE CONDITIONS IN A BLOOD VESSEL MIMIC BIOREACTOR SYSTEM." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/356.

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ABSTRACT Implementation of Physiologic Pressure Conditions in a Blood Vessel Mimic Bioreactor System Kevin Mark Okarski Tissue engineering has traditionally been pursued as a therapeutic science intended for restoring or replacing diseased or damaged biologic tissues or organs. Cal Poly’s Blood Vessel Mimic Laboratory is developing a novel application of tissue engineering as a tool for the preclinical evaluation of intravascular devices. The blood vessel mimic (BVM) system has been previously used to assess the tissue response to deployed stents, but under non-physiologic conditions. Since then, efforts have been made to improve the vessel and bioreactor’s ability to emulate in vivo conditions. The ability to tissue engineer constructs similar to their native tissue counterparts is heavily reliant upon controlling the environment and mechanical stimuli the construct is exposed to. Mimicking physiologic conditions influences cellular growth, proliferation, and differentiation. Two important mechanical stimuli are cyclic strain and wall shear stress. Previous work sought to improve these factors within the BVM bioreactor and resulted in the implementation of pulsatile perfusion and increased fluid viscosity. These previous bioreactor design modifications generated pulsatile pressures of approximately 80 mmHg and a wall shear stress of 6.4 dynes/cm2. However, physiologic pressure waveforms were not achieved. Studies in this thesis were carried out to implement an effective means of establishing a more physiologic pressure wave within the bioreactor that is accurate, consistent, and easily adjustable. As a result of conducting the present studies, modifications to the bioreactor system were made that uphold the overall goals of efficacy and efficiency. The desired pressure wave was created by setting the degree of pump tubing occlusion on the 3-roller peristaltic pump head and using a water column to backpressure the bioreactor chamber. Maintaining a desired backpressure within the system necessitated the development of a new bioreactor chamber with increased extraluminal leak pressure resistance. The opportunity was also used to further improve upon the bioreactor chamber design to allow for 360° rotation to reduce cell sedimentation. Modifications to the bioreactor system required quantitative evaluation to assess their impact upon local flow dynamics to the tissue construct. A system model was created and evaluated using computational modeling. Through the work performed in this thesis, pulsatile pressure waves of approximately 120/80 mmHg were successfully established within the bioreactor. The ability to accurately model physiologic pressures will ultimately help yield tissue constructs more similar to native tissues – both healthy and pathological. The newly designed bioreactor chamber and computational model for the system will be helpful tools for implementing or evaluating future bioreactor developments or improvements. While the main objective of the thesis has been completed by creating a system capable of emulating physiologic pressure fluctuations, there still remains room for further improvements in back-pressuring and scaling the system, refining the rotational bioreactor chamber design, and building upon the complexity and accuracy of the computational model.
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Книги з теми "Pressure on tissue"

1

Royle, Stephen Gordon. Tissue pressure, muscle oxygen and cutaneous circulation in the lower leg. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1993.

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2

(Editor), R. Huch, ed. Clinical Oxygen Pressure Measurement: Tissue Oxygen Pressure and Transcutaneous Oxygen Pressure. Springer-Verlag, 1987.

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3

Ehrly, Albrecht M. Clinical Oxygen Pressure Measurement: Tissue Oxygen Pressure and Transcutaneous Oxygen Pressure. Springer, 2011.

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4

M, Ehrly A., Frankfurt Symposium on Clinical Oxygen Pressure Measurement. (3rd : 1988), Symposium on Tissue Oxygen Pressure. (2nd : 1984 : Frankfurt am Main, Germany), and Workshop on Theory and Practice of Tissue p02 Measurement (1988 : Lübeck, Germany), eds. Clinical oxygen pressure measurement II: Tissue oxygen pressure and transcutaneous oxygen pressure. Berlin: Blackwell Ueberreuter Wissenschaft, 1990.

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5

Trent, NHS Executive, and Trent Regional Health Authority, eds. Tissue viability - pressure sores and leg ulcers: Opportunities for health gain. Sheffield: Trent Regional Health Authority, 1994.

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6

Kipnis, Eric, and Benoit Vallet. Tissue perfusion monitoring in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0138.

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Resuscitation endpoints have shifted away from restoring normal values of routinely assessed haemodynamic parameters (central venous pressure, mean arterial pressure, cardiac output) towards optimizing parameters that reflect adequate tissue perfusion. Tissue perfusion-based endpoints have changed outcomes, particularly in sepsis. Tissue perfusion can be explored by monitoring the end result of perfusion, namely tissue oxygenation, metabolic markers, and tissue blood flow. Tissue oxygenation can be directly monitored locally through invasive electrodes or non-invasively using light absorbance (pulse oximetry (SpO2) or tissue (StO2)). Global oxygenation may be monitored in blood, either intermittently through blood gas analysis, or continuously with specialized catheters. Central venous saturation (ScvO2) indirectly assesses tissue oxygenation as the net balance between global O2 delivery and uptake, decreasing when delivery does not meet demand. Lactate, a by-product of anaerobic glycolysis, increases when oxygenation is inadequate, and can be measured either globally in blood, or locally in tissues by microdialysis. Likewise, CO2 (a by-product of cellular respiration) and PCO2 can be measured globally in blood or locally in accessible mucosal tissues (sublingual, gastric) by capnography or tonometry. Increasing PCO2 gradients, either tissue-to-arterial or venous-to-arterial, are due to inadequate perfusion. Metabolically, the oxidoreductive status of mitochondria can be assessed locally through NADH fluorescence, which increases in situations of inadequate oxygenation/perfusion. Finally, local tissue blood flow may be measured by laser-Doppler or visualized through intravital microscopic imaging. These perfusion/oxygenation resuscitation endpoints are increasingly used and studied in critical care.
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Warwick, David, Roderick Dunn, Erman Melikyan, and Jane Vadher. Soft tissue injuries of the hand. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199227235.003.0006.

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Wound care 154Cold sensitivity 155Microvascular replantation 156Revascularization162Amputations164Nail injury170High-pressure injection injury174Extravasation injury176Gunshot wounds178Burns180Frostbite186Factitious injury (Secretans's)189• Thorough cleaning• Dressings• Splints:• Position of safe immobilization (POSI), joints with the collateral ligaments in the longest position preventing contractures....
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Crawford, Laura, and Ruth Kleinpell. Principles and prevention of pressure sores in the ICU. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0279.

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A pressure ulcer, defined by the National Pressure Advisory Panel and European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panels as localized injury to the skin or tissue as the result of pressure or pressure in combination with shear, can be an adverse complication of a hospital stay, especially for acute and critically-ill patients. Factors that can contribute to pressure ulcer development include the intensity and duration of pressure, tissue tolerance, shear, and friction. Common anatomical sites for pressure ulcers development are over bony prominences. The National Pressure Advisory Panel and European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panels define pressure ulcers in six stages according to the degree of tissue damage present in the wound. A risk assessment should be performed to identify the vulnerability of pressure ulcer development and provide guidance for the implementation of preventative interventions. For the critically-ill patient, several specific measures are advocated for preventing pressure ulcers.
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Stephens, Paul, and Roderick Dunn. Soft tissue injuries of the hand. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198757689.003.0006.

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Soft tissue injuries of the hand are common and may present variously to therapists, general practice, emergency departments, or surgeons. Simple injuries can be treated without specialist input, but the majority of hand trauma should be referred to dedicated hand surgery centres. Diagnostic error and delayed specialist treatment may lead to poor outcomes and long-term disability. This chapter provides a detailed overview for non-specialists, as well as an aide memoire for hand surgeons and hand therapists. It includes the principles of general wound care, the management of nail injuries, the treatment of extravasation and high-pressure injection injuries, and gunshot wounds. We describe different levels of upper limb amputation, as well as microvascular reconstruction (both replantation and revascularization). We also cover thermal injuries (burns and frostbite), trauma-induced cold sensitivity, and factitious injury.
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van den Bosch, Annemien E., Luigi P. Badano, and Julia Grapsa. Right ventricle and pulmonary arterial pressure. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198726012.003.0023.

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Right ventricular (RV) performance plays an important role in the morbidity and mortality of patients with left ventricular dysfunction, congenital heart disease, and pulmonary hypertension. Assessment of RV size, function, and haemodynamics has been challenging because of its complex geometry. Conventional two-dimensional echocardiography is the modality of choice for assessment of RV function in clinical practice. Recent developments in echocardiography have provided several new techniques for assessment of RV dimensions and function, include tissue Doppler imaging, speckle-tracking imaging, and volumetric three-dimensional imaging. However, specific training, expensive dedicated equipment, and extensive clinical validation are still required. Doppler methods interrogating tricuspid inflow and pulmonary artery flow velocities, which are influenced by changes in pre- and afterload conditions, may not provide robust prognostic information for clinical decision-making. This chapter addresses the role of the various echocardiographic modalities used to assess the RV and pulmonary circulation. Special emphasis has been placed on technical considerations, limitations, and pitfalls of image acquisition and analysis.
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Частини книг з теми "Pressure on tissue"

1

Walsh, E. K., and A. Schettini. "Brain Tissue Elasticity and CSF Elastance." In Intracranial Pressure VII, 271–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73987-3_74.

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Zee, C. M., and K. Shapiro. "The Viscoelasticity of Normal and Hydrocephalic Brain Tissue." In Intracranial Pressure VII, 263–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73987-3_72.

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Kaufmann, A. M., E. R. Cardoso, and E. Bruni. "Preservation of Tissue Samples for Measurement of Cerebral Edema." In Intracranial Pressure VII, 957–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73987-3_250.

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Chen, J., S. Hatashita, and J. T. Hoff. "Cortical Tissue Pressure in Injured Brain After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage." In Intracranial Pressure VII, 719–21. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73987-3_189.

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Schielke, G. P., J. T. Hoff, S. Hatashita, and D. S. Kim. "Effects of Mannitol on Tissue Pressure in Focal Cerebral Ischemia." In Intracranial Pressure VI, 573–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70971-5_108.

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Gelberman, Richard H., Robert M. Szabo, and Alan R. Hargens. "Pressure Effects on Human Peripheral Nerve Function." In Tissue Nutrition and Viability, 161–83. New York, NY: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-0629-0_8.

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Iannotti, F., G. P. Schielke, V. Albanese, P. Picozzi, M. Rotondo, and J. T. Hoff. "Brain Tissue Pressure in Focal Cerebral Ischemia with and without Reperfusion." In Intracranial Pressure VI, 566–69. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70971-5_107.

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Kuroiwa, T., I. Taniguchi, and R. Okeda. "Regional Tissue Compliance of Edematous Brain After Cryogenic Injury in Cats." In Intracranial Pressure VIII, 127–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77789-9_27.

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Piek, J., G. Ern, and M. Messing. "Continuous Monitoring of Cerebral Tissue Pressure After Elective Posterior Fossa Surgery." In Intracranial Pressure VIII, 17–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77789-9_4.

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Wako, N., K. Shima, and A. Marmarou. "Time Course of Brain Tissue Pressure in Temporal Fluid Percussion Injury." In Intracranial Pressure VII, 593–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-73987-3_153.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Pressure on tissue"

1

Pini, Roberto, Matteo Vannini, Renzo Salimbeni, and Salvatore Siano. "Analysis of pressure waves generated by excimer laser-induced plasma on hard tissues." In Laser-Tissue Interaction V. SPIE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.182974.

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Kao, Yu Cheng, Chun-Hsiung Wang, Shu-Sheng Lee, Wen-Jong Wu, and Chih-Kung Lee. "Blood pressure measurement based on pulse transit time from different positioned photoplethysmography signals." In Tissue Optics and Photonics, edited by Zeev Zalevsky, Valery V. Tuchin, and Walter C. Blondel. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2555337.

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Cezo, James D., Nicholas Anderson, Eric Kramer, Kenneth D. Taylor, Mark E. Rentschler, and Virginia L. Ferguson. "Tissue Hydration Influences Bursting Pressure of Fused Arteries." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14724.

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Tissue fusion is a complex thermally driven reaction which, through the application of heat and pressure, bonds the extracellular matrix (ECM) of neighboring tissues together. While the mechanism of this reaction is unknown, several theories do exist. Collagen is largely thought to be responsible for the formation of the fusion bond [1–3]. During tissue fusion, as the tissue temperature is elevated (> 100 °C) [4–5], collagen denatures and water is forcibly evaporated out of the tissue [6–11]. Collagen in arterial tissue is comprised of a tightly wound triple helix held in place by crosslinking. Upon denaturation, the crosslinks are broken and the helix unwinds [6–8]. It is theorized that under applied heat and pressure the denatured molecules tangling with adjacent molecules [1], crosslinking to neighboring molecules [2], or a combination of these two mechanisms are responsible for the formation of the tissue fusion bond [3]. Water is also present in the ECM which can be classified as free or bound. Free water is able to diffuse and move freely around the ECM. Bound water is held to ECM proteins through dipole interactions. During tissue fusion, the water is forcibly removed and these charged sites which interact with water are now able to interact with adjacent molecules. These charged sites would not exist if not for the removal of water from the ECM. The goal of this study is to elucidate the importance of water in the formation of the tissue fusion bond.
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4

Ruesch, Alexander, Jason Yang, Samantha Nelson, Matthew A. Smith, and Jana M. Kainerstorfer. "Frequency dependent hemodynamic response to intracranial pressure changes." In Optical Tomography and Spectroscopy of Tissue XIII, edited by Sergio Fantini, Paola Taroni, Bruce J. Tromberg, and Eva M. Sevick-Muraca. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2510113.

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Pham, Thao, Sergio Fantini, Angelo Sassaroli, and Giles Blaney. "Depth dependent coherent hemodynamics during induced blood pressure oscillations." In Optical Tomography and Spectroscopy of Tissue XIII, edited by Sergio Fantini, Paola Taroni, Bruce J. Tromberg, and Eva M. Sevick-Muraca. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2509861.

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Cezo, James, Eric Kramer, Kenneth Taylor, Virginia Ferguson, and Mark Rentschler. "Tissue fusion bursting pressure and the role of tissue water content." In SPIE BiOS, edited by Thomas P. Ryan. SPIE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2002184.

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Shangguan, HanQun, Scott A. Prahl, Steven L. Jacques, Lee W. Casperson, and Kenton W. Gregory. "Pressure effects on soft tissues monitored by changes in tissue optical properties." In BiOS '98 International Biomedical Optics Symposium, edited by Steven L. Jacques. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.308187.

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Edwards, Glenn, Wolfgang Wagner, Adam Sokolow, and Robert Pearlstein. "Pressure (mechanical) effects in infrared tissue ablation." In Biomedical Optics (BiOS) 2008, edited by Steven L. Jacques, William P. Roach, and Robert J. Thomas. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.776999.

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Zhang, Hongqiu, Kirill V. Larin, Salavat R. Aglyamov, Chen Wu, and Manmohan Singh. "Quantifying lens elastic properties with optical coherence elastography as a function of intraocular pressure." In Optical Elastography and Tissue Biomechanics VI, edited by Kirill V. Larin and Giuliano Scarcelli. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2510225.

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Yu, Bing, Amy Shah, and Vivek K. Nagarajan. "Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of epithelial tissue with controlled probe-to-tissue pressure." In Biomedical Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/biomed.2014.bs3a.14.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Pressure on tissue"

1

Stafford, Richard. Hyperbaric Pressure and Tissue Phospholipid Metabolism. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada218181.

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2

Eisen, Y., D. G. Vasilik, R. J. Brake, B. H. Erkkila, and G. J. Littlejohn. Performance of low pressure tissue equivalent chambers and a new method for parameterizing the dose equivalent. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5339402.

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Eldar, Avigdor, and Donald L. Evans. Streptococcus iniae Infections in Trout and Tilapia: Host-Pathogen Interactions, the Immune Response Toward the Pathogen and Vaccine Formulation. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7575286.bard.

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In Israel and in the U.S., Streptococcus iniae is responsible for considerable losses in various fish species. Poor understanding of its virulence factors and limited know-how-to of vaccine formulation and administration are the main reasons for the limited efficacy of vaccines. Our strategy was that in order to Improve control measures, both aspects should be equally addressed. Our proposal included the following objectives: (i) construction of host-pathogen interaction models; (ii) characterization of virulence factors and immunodominant antigens, with assessment of their relative importance in terms of protection and (iii) genetic identification of virulence factors and genes, with evaluation of the protective effect of recombinant proteins. We have shown that two different serotypes are involved. Their capsular polysaccharides (CPS) were characterized, and proved to play an important role in immune evasion and in other consequences of the infection. This is an innovative finding in fish bacteriology and resembles what, in other fields, has become apparent in the recent years: S. iniae alters surface antigens. By so doing, the pathogen escapes immune destruction. Immunological assays (agar-gel immunodiffusion and antibody titers) confirmed that only limited cross recognition between the two types occurs and that capsular polysaccharides are immunodominant. Vaccination with purified CPS (as an acellular vaccine) results in protection. In vitro and ex-vivo models have allowed us to unravel additional insights of the host-pathogen interactions. S. iniae 173 (type II) produced DNA fragmentation of TMB-8 cells characteristic of cellular necrosis; the same isolate also prevented the development of apoptosis in NCC. This was determined by finding reduced expression of phosphotidylserine (PS) on the outer membrane leaflet of NCC. NCC treated with this isolate had very high levels of cellular necrosis compared to all other isolates. This cellular pathology was confirmed by observing reduced DNA laddering in these same treated cells. Transmission EM also showed characteristic necrotic cellular changes in treated cells. To determine if the (in vitro) PCD/apoptosis protective effects of #173 correlated with any in vivo activity, tilapia were injected IV with #173 and #164 (an Israeli type I strain). Following injection, purified NCC were tested (in vitro) for cytotoxicity against HL-60 target cells. Four significant observations were made : (i) fish injected with #173 had 100-400% increased cytotoxicity compared to #164 (ii) in vivo activation occurred within 5 minutes of injection; (iii) activation occurred only within the peripheral blood compartment; and (iv) the isolate that protected NCC from apoptosis in vitro caused in vivo activation of cytotoxicity. The levels of in vivo cytotoxicity responses are associated with certain pathogens (pathogen associated molecular patterns/PAMP) and with the tissue of origin of NCC. NCC from different tissue (i.e. PBL, anterior kidney, spleen) exist in different states of differentiation. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis revealed the "adaptation" of the bacterium to the vaccinated environment, suggesting a "Darwinian-like" evolution of any bacterium. Due to the selective pressure which has occurred in the vaccinated environment, type II strains, able to evade the protective response elicited by the vaccine, have evolved from type I strains. The increased virulence through the appropriation of a novel antigenic composition conforms with pathogenic mechanisms described for other streptococci. Vaccine efficacy was improved: water-in-oil formulations were found effective in inducing protection that lasted for a period of (at least) 6 months. Protection was evaluated by functional tests - the protective effect, and immunological parameters - elicitation of T- and B-cells proliferation. Vaccinated fish were found to be resistant to the disease for (at least) six months; protection was accompanied by activation of the cellular and the humoral branches.
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