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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Preposition de"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Preposition de"

Wanodyatama, Nike Puspita. "The Types and Functions of Prepositions in P.S. I Love You Movie by Richard Lagravenese." Lingua Didaktika: Jurnal Bahasa dan Pembelajaran Bahasa 14, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ld.v14i1.108564.

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A research is entitled The Types and Functions of Prepositions in P.S. I Love You movie by Richard LaGravenese. This paper is intended to analyze the types of prepositions and the functions of prepositions. The writer uses descriptive method to establish this research. The aims of the research are to know the types of preposition and to identify the preposition functions which are used in P.S. I Love You movie. The result of the research shows the types of prepositions that appear in the movie are the preposition of time, preposition of place, preposition of manner, and preposition of direction. Meanwhile, the functions of prepositions that appear in P.S. I Love You movie are the function as head of prepositional phrases, noun phrase modifier, noun phrase complement, adjunct and adverbial, and the fuction as particle.

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Čurković, Amela. "Distinction between prepositions zbog and radi in translation from German." Zbornik radova 19, no. 19 (December 15, 2021): 473–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.51728/issn.2637-1480.2021.19.473.

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This article discusses the use of prepositions zbog and radi in the Bosnian language as translation equivalents of the German preposition wegen based on a selected literary corpus. It is often the case in everyday speech that the difference in the meaning between these two prepositions is not noticed and often not understood by the native speakers of the Bosnian language. However, this sometimes also happens in the literary language, i.e., in the translation of literature, to which this paper pays attention. The starting point for the contrastive analysis between the two languages is the use of the preposition wegen in the prepositional phrase functioning as an adverb phrase in German, when it shows several nuances of meaning. Namely, the primary meaning of the preposition wegen is causal, but it is also used with the meaning of goal or intention. Consequently, in the translation to the Bosnian language we follow the difference in the use of the preposition zbog with the meaning of cause and radi with the meaning of goal or intention. Keywords: prepositions, meaning of prepositions, genitive case, prepositional-case phrase, position of the preposition, contrastive analysis.

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Lehmann, Christian. "Complex spatial prepositions from Latin to Castilian." Revue Romane / Langue et littérature. International Journal of Romance Languages and Literatures 54, no. 1 (July 22, 2019): 93–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rro.00017.leh.

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Abstract From among the various processes that form prepositions in the history from Latin to Castilian, the investigation concentrates on the formation of prepositional adverbs like Spanish delante (de) ‘in front (of)’. There are two mechanisms for their formation: (a) An adverb or a preposition is preceded by a superordinate simple local preposition which initially specifies a local relation, but ends up as a reinforcing expansion of its base; and (b) an adverb is converted into a preposition by a following functional preposition which serves as a relationalizer. In case #a, the syntactic structure is often destroyed by univerbation, and the resulting reinforced preposition is lexicalized. In case #b, the alternation between adverb and relationalized preposition is regular and bidirectional, so that the combination of adverb and relationalizer is normally not univerbated. The exception desde is given some attention. As a result, the formation of prepositions of this structure is, at the outset, not a matter of word formation, and such complex prepositions are therefore not compound prepositions, but instead lexicalized univerbations.

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Hudcovičová, Marianna. "Analysis of Verbal Prepositional “of” Structures." Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 70, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jazcas-2019-0050.

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Abstract The article presents empirical research of verbal prepositional “of“ structures, grammatical collocations of the verb and the preposition OF. The preposition OF belongs among the most frequent prepositions in the English language. The study is based on comparisons of English and Czech sentences containing verbs and prepositions that are followed by the object. Material was taken from the electronic data bank Prague Czech-English Dependency Treebank 2.0. The structures were examined and analyzed from morphological, syntactical and semantic points of view. The aim of the study is to create English-Czech verbal prepositional counterparts; to create verbal prepositional groups on the grounds of the similar semantic, syntactic features; to identify the features that are the same for each verb group and generalize them; to identify trends and tendencies for verbs when they collocate with a certain preposition. The findings are presented in several charts and tables.

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Iordanskaja, Lidija, and N. Arbatchewsky-Jumarie. "Quatre prépositions causales du français." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 23, no. 1 (December 31, 2000): 115–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.23.1.05ior.

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The paper studies the meaning and the cooccurrence of four French prepositions used to express the causal relation: À CAUSE DE, SOUS L’EFFET DE, DE, and PAR. Each preposition is characterized along the three following aspects: (1) the type of causation it expresses (direct? with contact? with unity of time?); (2) semantic restrictions on the complement of the preposition — the noun phrase that denotes the cause, as well as on the phrase governing the preposition and denoting the effect; (3) the preposition’s lexical and syntactic restricted cooccurrence. The lexicographic descriptions of the four prepositions are presented.

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Klobukova, Lyubov P., and Ekaterina N. Vinogradova. "Who are you, Mr. Russian preposition?" XLinguae 15, no. 3 (June 2022): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2022.15.03.13.

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In this article, a portrait of Russian prepositions as a part of speech is presented. The analysis of grammars and dictionaries has shown that there is no certain list of Russian prepositions and that the image of this part of speech is quite blurry. The author reveals the main “prepositional” blank spots for Russian linguistics: the fast growth of preposition-like units, the lack of objective criteria to separate prepositions and non-prepositions, and a disputable academic (traditional) classification of prepositions. Some feasible solutions for overcoming these research difficulties are suggested, such as the use of descriptive terms and a notion of field, revision of syncategorematic parts of speech and prepositional classifications, as well as searching for reliable tests for membership in prepositions.

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Sicherl, Eva. "On the Content of Prepositions in Prepositional Collocations." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 1, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2004): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.1.1-2.37-46.

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Анотація:

The article aims to shed some light on the problems faced by non-native speakers in the formation of so-called prepositional collocations (i.e. typical, recurrent combinations of verbal, nominal or adjectival bases with prepositional collocators). The reasons for frequent mistakes mainly lie in the meaning of the preposition used as part of collocation, which tends to be even more dispersed, abstract and difficult to define than that of the preposition used in a free combination. However, the preposition when used as a collocator seems to act, at least to some extent, as a carrier of some content; this can be proven by valency patterns: meaning-related content words (collocational bases) tend to regularly combine with identical prepositions. The fact that prepositions used in collocations also have their semantic part to contribute to the whole unit should also be considered in the classification of collocations into grammatical and lexical ones.

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ROHDENBURG, GÜNTER. "The Complexity Principle at work with rival prepositions." English Language and Linguistics 24, no. 4 (February 24, 2020): 769–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360674319000327.

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The present corpus-based study deals with eight sets of rivalling prepositions in verb-dependent prepositional phrases. The two or three members of these sets, though equivalent in specific uses, differ in terms of functional explicitness. For instance, in directional uses, into can be regarded as more explicit than in. The main objective is to demonstrate for each of these sets that, in line with the Complexity Principle, the more explicit items are favoured in more complex grammatical environments. The contexts under scrutiny include those produced by passivisation, Heavy NP Shift, object relativisation, the use of full object NPs rather than personal pronouns, and preposition stranding. Thus, we observe that – compared with basic active clauses – preposition stranding in the active induces increased shares of the more explicit prepositions in question. Predictably, even higher degrees of prepositional explicitness are found with the combination of preposition stranding and passivisation. Also, it is shown that Heavy NP Shift tends to trigger greater proportions of the more explicit prepositions than object relativisation. The observed tendencies hold for Present-day English and earlier stages of English as well as for morphologically related and unrelated rival prepositions.

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Shubina, E. L. "STILISTIC AND SYNTACTIC VARIATION OF GERMAN PREPOSITIONS." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 3(36) (June 28, 2014): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-3-36-239-245.

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This work is devoted to the stylistic and syntactic variation of prepositions per and via in the publicistic style of modern German language. The similarity of German prepositions with the units of significant vocabulary in the aspect of variation is expressed through inherent in all level of words synonymic replacements. One of the special features of the prepositional system of modern German language is its openness, that is sun in the rapid replenishment at the expense of the transition of the prepositions borrowed from other languages. The pretexts per and via actively penetrate into social and political journalism together with the borrowed words and discover the combinability of both concrete and abstract nouns. Both prepositions are functionally semantic field of instrumentalnosti, discover the same regularity of use. But for proper names the combination with the preposition via. The stylistic variation of the considered prepositions consists in the selectivity of functional styles and in the variable use of the prepositions on the basis of the similar definitions. The analysis of the press materials has shown, that for the mentioned prepositions characteristically different case control. Despite the recommendations of grammarians, there prepositions are capable to connected to more than one form of this case. The preposition per manages not only accusative case, as it is indicated by the normative grammar, but also to dative. The most intensive variation of forms is peculared to the preposition via, which manages accusative, genitive and dative cases. Among the syntactic factors the greatest effects on the fluctuations in the use of prepositions in modern German language make an impact on structural-formal particulary, the presence/absence of the articles or a cover word before the managed noun, preposition/postposition of the preposition, the type of the declination combined with the preposition of the noun.

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Vinogradova, Ekaterina N., and Lyibov P. Klobukova. "The grammar of Russian preposition: theoretical aspects." Russian Language Studies 20, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 84–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2618-8163-2022-20-1-84-100.

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Анотація:

At present, linguists do not have sufficient tools to strictly determine whether specific prepositional units belong to prepositions as a part of speech, so it seems relevant to consider the functional-grammatical field of prepositions, which includes both prepositions themselves and units that can function as prepositions. The aim of this article is to identify, classify and describe systemic paradigmatic relations within the functional-grammatical field of prepositions. The study was conducted on the material of a registry of 3,000 prepositional units, which were collected through a continuous sampling from dictionaries and specialized works, as well as by identifying all possible variants of prepositions on the Internet and the National Corpus of the Russian language. The paradigmatic relations of the units that already have lexicographic attribution were analyzed. As a result, the graphical, morphonological and word-formation paradigms of prepositional units were identified, and their morphosyntactic and semantic paradigmatic relations were detailed. The graphical paradigm is a series of variants of different types: alphabetic, written together or separately and uncodified. The morphological paradigm includes vocalized, accented, incomplete-vowel versions, truncated, softened, differentiated by accent and inflective variants. Within the word-formation paradigm the most productive roots of prepositional units are identified. For the morphosyntactic paradigm, the possible structural subtypes were identified: thus, the form of the prepositional noun and the form of the introduced actant were relevant. In addition, the regularities of paradigm formation were revealed for prepositional units expressing different types of semantic relations. For the semantic paradigm, the dependence of a particular paradigm subtype on the type of semantic relations expressed by the prepositional units has been revealed. Considering the functional and grammatical field of the preposition as a set organized by regular relations of different types, we can identify the grammar of the preposition. Understanding the systemic relations between prepositional units opens the way to predicting systematically possible linguistic units within the field in question.

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Дисертації з теми "Preposition de"

Hirata, Ryuichiro. "Preposition stranding in Welsh." Thesis, Bangor University, 2012. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/preposition-stranding-in-welsh(20d1f096-7d6e-4ba6-b19a-dbde43355427).html.

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Moltaji, Niloofar. "Spatial Relations in Persian : An investigation on the locative use of prepositions with comparison to English." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-134917.

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This study is an investigation on the spatial span of Persian prepositions in colloquial speech, focusing on the locative use of prepositions. The results are compared with English prepositions as well. In order to show the functional span of various prepositions, the Typological Relations Picture Series known as TRPS or BowPed is used. This study demonstrates that the spatial span of Persian locative prepositions consists of twenty-eight prepositions, including three primary, seven compound and sixteen secondary prepositions. In some unusual relations in the BLCs (basic locative construction), the Persian prepositions reflect the opposite relation between the figure and ground. In addition, this study shows that there is greater variety of locative prepositions in Persian than English. Finally, the study concludes that like English, Persian allows the use of BLC over the entire range of the (eight) scenes; however, there is an overlap with the scope of BLC construction, which allows the use of resultative construction in Persian as well.

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Enzinna, Naomi R. "The Processing of Preposition-Stranding Constructions in English." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/889.

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One of the prominent questions in modern psycholinguistics is the relationship between the grammar and the parser. Within the approach of Generative Grammar, this issue has been investigated in terms of the role that Principles of Universal Grammar may play in language processing. The aim of this research experiment is to investigate this topic. Specifically, this experiment aims to test whether the Minimal Structure Principle (MSP) plays a role in the processing of Preposition-Stranding versus Pied-Piped Constructions. This investigation is made with a self-paced reading task, an on-line processing test that measures participants’ unconscious reaction to language stimuli. Monolingual English speakers’ reading times of sentences with Preposition-Stranding and Pied-Piped Constructions are compared. Results indicate that neither construction has greater processing costs, suggesting that factors other than the MSP are active during language processing.

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Depiante, Marcela, and Ellen Thompson. "Preposition Stranding in Heritage Speakers of Spanish." University of Arizona Linguistics Circle, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/271017.

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In this research, we explore the linguistic structure of the Spanish of Heritage Speakers, those who have acquired Spanish as the home language in a minority language context (Iverson, 2010). We contribute to the discussion of the properties of Heritage Languages here by examining Preposition Stranding in Heritage Speakers versus native monolingual speakers of Spanish. We claim that the distinct behavior of Heritage Speakers of Spanish supports the claim that Heritage Languages may differ from native monolingual language in the narrow syntax, affecting uninterpretable features of the grammar.

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Dimitriadis, Eva. "A preposition is something which you should never end a sentence with : A corpus-based study on preposition stranding." Thesis, Växjö University, School of Humanities, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:vxu:diva-1702.

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This study examines to what extent preposition stranding is used in connection with which, whom and who in three different UK papers. Also what factors influence the use of preposition stranding has been studied. The hypothesis that pied-piping is more common than preposition stranding has been confirmed.

A factor that has a certain influence on the use of preposition stranding is the style of the paper. The more formal of the papers studied, The Times, did not use preposition stranding to the same extent as the other two, The Sun and Today.

The subject domain of the texts has influence on the use of preposition stranding, with more informal domains such as sports and miscellaneous (e.g. gossip) using stranding to a higher extent than the other domains, e.g. business, politics and culture. The prepositions themselves also influence the use of preposition stranding with some prepositions, such as on, with, for and into, that are likely to appear stranded and others, such as in that are likely to appear pied-piped.

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Daraškevič, Ilona. "Prielinksnių vartojimas dienraščio „Lietuvos rytas“ priede „Sostinė“." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070816_170837-77668.

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Pagrindinis darbo tikslas – išnagrinėti dienraščio „Lietuvos rytas“ priede „Sostinė“ prielinksnių vartojimo ypatumus. Analizuojami įvairios tematikos straipsniai: politika, kultūra, menas, sportas, medicina, kriminalai ir pan. Tiriamąją medžiagą sudaro 2006 metų lapkričio mėnesio 10 dienraščio „Lietuvos rytas“ priedo „Sostinė“ numerių. Darbo metu ištirta 2534 prielinksnių. Analizuojant nagrinėjamą medžiagą, buvo keliami šie uždaviniai: a) remiantis „Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos gramatikoje“, „Kalbos patarimuose“ pateiktu skirstymu, sugrupuoti dienraščio „Lietuvos rytas“ priedo „Sostinė“ prielinksnius pagal tai, su kuriais linksniais jie eina; b) nustatyti ir apibrėžti tiriamųjų prielinksnių reikšmes. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad prielinksniai eidami su linksniu dažniausiai žymi sintaksinę objekto raišką, sintaksinę vietos raišką, sintaksinę krypties raišką, sintaksinę laiko raišką, rečiau – sintaksinę kiekio raišką, sintaksinę veiksmo ar būsenos priežasties raišką, sintaksinę informacijos ��altinio raišką, sintaksinę veiksmo atlikimo priemonės ar būdo raišką, sintaksinę išskirties santykių raišką ir labai retais atvejais – sintaksinę daikto požymių raišką, sintaksinę draugės raišką, sintaksinę medžiagos raišką, sintaksinę tikslo raišką, sintaksinę veikėjo būsenos požymio raišką, sintaksinę požymio raišką, sintaksinę tarpininkavimo raišką, sintaksinę veiksmo įrankio raišką, sintaksinę paskirties raišką.
The aim of the work is to analyze the prepositions found in appendix to daily newspaper „Lietuvos Rytas“ – „Sostinė“. In this work analyzes variety of themes in articles: politics, culture, art, sport, medicine, crime etc. Various dates were examined that is each week day was examined (it was chosen 2006 year November 10 issues). During the writing 2534 prepositions were analyzed. The main goals were: a) to group the prepositions according to „Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos gramatika“, „Kalbos patarimai“ proposed distinction by means of analyzing the cases they are found with; b) estimate and describe the meaning of examined prepositions. Main consideration was given to syntactic meaning of prepositional. The results showed that the most often used prepositions are prepositions with syntactic meaning of place, and less frequently found are those with the syntactic informational meaning, and the rarest prepositions found in articles are the prepositions of time, quantity and movement or condition. What is more the prepositions of object, aim, relation, material, tool or purpose are used in very rare cases.

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de, Lemos Simone H. "Preposition Stranding in Heritage Speakers of Brazilian Portuguese." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/912.

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Influential bodies of work in language acquisition studies single out heritage bilingualism as a discrete acquisition process within the bilingualism continuum. In regards to the acquisition of WH-/QU- interrogatives containing prepositional phrases (PP), the present study examined whether heritage speakers (HS) of Brazilian Portuguese (BP) produce preposition stranding (P-stranding) constructions in their heritage language, in contrast to monolingual and adult speakers of BP, where prepositions are pied-piped to form the interrogative. Participants were HS of BP born in the USA and in Brazil, monolinguals, and late bilingual adults. The experiment consisted of an elicited production task and a grammaticality judgment task, both carried out in BP and then in English. Results showed that HS born in the USA use P-stranding in QU- interrogatives productively and systematically, in contrast to the other three groups. Moreover, no evidence of protracted acquisition was found in this group. No signs of attrition were detected among bilinguals.

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HAYDEN, KLICIA NOGUEIRA. "SEMANTICS VARIATION AND CHANGE: PREPOSITION POR MEANING PURPOSE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=14737@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
A proposta deste trabalho foi discutir as ocorrências da preposição por com valor final em textos portugueses dos séculos XIII ao XX, observando as ocasiões que fizeram com que ela fosse gradativamente substituída por outra preposição: para. Vê-se que, em textos mais antigos, a ocorrência de por com valor final prevalecia e, nos mais recentes, predomina para.O emprego de por final tornou-se estilístico. Pretendeu-se, neste trabalho, arrolar os diferentes valores das preposições em estudo, exemplificando com autores brasileiros do século XIX, como Machado de Assis, José de Alencar e Lima Barreto, e do século XX, como Jorge Amado e José Lins do Rego. A acepção de finalidade em por não foi encontrada em autores do século XX. Ela foi levantada para ilustrar o desaparecimento contínuo deste uso ao longo dos anos. O trabalho tem cunho histórico. Segue um enfoque funcionalista e, na pesquisa dos dados, apoia-se na sociolinguística variacional, nos moldes de Labov, tal como foi divulgada entre nós por Tarallo (1986 e 1990).
The aim of this work is to discuss the occurrence of the preposition por meaning purpose in texts in Portuguese language from XIII to XX centuries, observing the ocasions that this preposition have been gradually replaced by another one: the preposition para. It’s noticeable that, in older texts, occurrences of preposition por meaning purpose are majority, whereas, in most recent texts, preposition para occurs more frequently. The use of preposition por meaning purpose became only a matter of style. We intended to understand the different meanings of the prepositions we’re analyzing, through illustrations from Brazilian authors from the XIX century, Machado de Assis, José de Alencar and Lima Barreto; and from the XX century, Jorge Amado and José Lins do Rego. The particular meaning of purpose in preposition por has not been found in any author from the XX century. We intended to demonstrate the process of continuous disappearance of proposition por meaning purpose throughout the XX century. This work follows a historical approach. It adopts a functionalist perspective, and the collecting of data is based on Labov’s variationist sociolinguistics, as introduced in Brazil by Tarallo (1986 e 1990).

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Baglodi, Venkatesh. "A Feature Structure Approach for Disambiguating Preposition Senses." NSUWorks, 2009. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/83.

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Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) continues to be an open research problem in spite of recent advances in the NLP field, especially in machine learning. WSD for open-class words is well understood. However, WSD for closed class structural words (such as prepositions) is not so well resolved, and their role in frame semantics seems to be a relatively unknown area. This research uses a new method to disambiguate preposition senses by using a combined lookup from FrameNet and TPP databases. Motivated by recent work by Popescu, Tonelli, & Pianta (2007), it extends the concept to provide a deterministic WSD of prepositions using the lexical information drawn from the sentences in a local context. While the primary goal of the research is to disambiguate preposition sense, the approach also assigns frames and roles to different sentence elements. The use of prepositions for frame and role assignment seems to be a largely unexplored area which could provide a new dimension to research in lexical semantics.

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Puig, Waldmüller Estela Sophie. "Contracted Preposition-Determiner Forms in German: Semantics and Pragmatics." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7589.

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En el trabajo la semántica y pragmática de formas contraídas y no-contraídas en Alemán serán discutidas. Formas contraídas son preposiciones con sufijos flexionales, obligatorias en contextos en las que el contenido descriptivo del sintagma nominal es cierto de un individual o evento (expresiones que excluyen alternativas, referentes deducibles, Situative Unika, infinitivos nominalizados, referentes no específicos). Muchos autores consideran que las formas tienen artículos definidos que fusionan con una preposición. En contrario, propongo un análisis en términos de incorporación semántica en que una preposición tiene rasgos de caso, número y género. Interpretaciones únicas provienen del número singular y del contexto. Interpretaciones no específicas provienen de la semántica y el hecho de que el argumento nominal tiene menos rango que el argumento eventivo.
The semantics and pragmatics of contracted and non-contracted forms found in German will be discussed. Contracted form are prepositions with inflectional endings, and obligatory in contexts in which the descriptive content of the noun fits only one individual or event ("alternative-excluding" expressions, inferable referents, Situative Unika, nominalized infinitives, non-specific referents). Most accounts assume that contracted forms have underlying definite articles which have amalgamated with a preposition. In contrast, I propose to analyse these forms as semantically incorporating prepositions, which are inflected for (singular) number, gender, and case, and combine with noun phrases. Uniqueness effects are derived from singular number and from contextual entailments. Non-specific readings can directly be accounted for since the semantics predicts narrow scope of the nominal argument with respect to the event argument.

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Книги з теми "Preposition de"

Preposition practice. White Plains, N.Y: Longman, 1991.

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Proost, Kristel. Verb preposition combination. Mannheim: Institut für Deutsche Sprache, Bibliothek, 2015.

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Lindstromberg, Seth. English prepositions explained. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins Pub. Co., 1998.

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Lindstromberg, Seth. English prepositions explained. Philadelphia: J. Benjamins Pub. Co, 1997.

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What is a preposition? North Mankato, Minn: Capstone Press, 2013.

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Uchechukwu, Chinedu, and B. M. Mbah. The preposition in Igbo. Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria: Edumail Publications, 2010.

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Preposition stranding: From syntactic to functional analyses. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1992.

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Preposition Placement in English: A Usage-based Approach. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

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John, Bowden. Behind the preposition: Grammaticalisation of locatives in oceanic languages. Canberra, Australia: Dept. of Linguistics, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National University, 1992.

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1949-, Gable Brian, ed. Under, over, by the clover: What is a preposition? Brighton: Book House, 2003.

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Tortora, Christina. "The preposition’s preposition in Italian." In Theoretical and Experimental Approaches to Romance Linguistics, 307–27. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.272.19tor.

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Krivoruchko, Julia G. "Prepositional wars: When ideology defines preposition." In Typological Studies in Language, 191–208. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.74.10kri.

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Tate, Amy. "Preposition repair." In Teaching English with Corpora, 58–61. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/b22833-10.

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Kurzon, Dennis. "‘Preposition’ as functor." In Typological Studies in Language, 231–48. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tsl.50.12kur.

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Leacock, Claudia, Martin Chodorow, Michael Gamon, and Joel Tetreault. "Article and Preposition Errors." In Synthesis Lectures on Human Language Technologies, 47–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-02137-4_6.

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Jolly, Julia A. "Preposition assignment in English." In Advances in Role and Reference Grammar, 275. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.82.08jol.

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Klein, Elaine C. "Pied-Piping and Preposition Stranding." In Studies in Theoretical Psycholinguistics, 23–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2038-8_2.

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Boonthum, Chutima, Shunichi Toida, and Irwin Levinstein. "Preposition Senses: Generalized Disambiguation Model." In Computational Linguistics and Intelligent Text Processing, 196–207. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11671299_22.

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Smith, Connor, Allen Cybulskie, Nic Di Noia, Janine Fitzpatrick, Jobina Li, Korey MacDougall, Xander Miller, et al. "Modelling English Spatial Preposition Detectors." In Diagrammatic Representation and Inference, 328–30. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14600-8_44.

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Kray, Christian, Jörg Baus, Hubert Zimmer, Harry Speiser, and Antonio Krüger. "Two Path Preposition: Along and Past." In Spatial Information Theory, 263–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45424-1_18.

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Zakharov, Victor, Anastasia Golovina, and Irina Azarova. "STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF RUSSIAN MULTIWORD PREPOSITIONS." In NORDSCI International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/nordsci2020/b1/v3/20.

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This paper is part of a larger study that aims to create the first quantitative grammar of the Russian prepositional system. The present study deals with Russian secondary multiword prepositions. Prepositions are a heterogeneous class consisting of a small group of about 25 primary prepositions and hundreds of secondary ones, the latter being motivated by content words (nouns, adverbs, verbs), which may be combined with primary prepositions to form multiword prepositions (MWPs). A strict division between secondary multiword prepositions and equivalent free word combinations is not specified. This is a task for a special corpus-based research. Prepositions are characterized as function words used to express various relationships between main and dependent members of a phrase. The difficulty is that relations expressed by prepositions are multi-sided, grammatical and lexical. Primary prepositions are said to have no real lexical meaning. It is not quite true as regards primary prepositions and even more so for secondary ones. Prepositions express semantic relations between words, and their meanings directly correspond to these relations. Multiword prepositions perform the grammatical function of a preposition in a certain position of a syntactic structure in some contexts and can be a free combination in others. This paper is devoted to the statistical analysis of the use of multiword prepositions in corpora. The features of multiword prepositions in the function of a preposition are described. Statistical data on the ratio of the use of individual multiword expressions as prepositional units and as free combinations are provided

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Dac, Phat Dinh, and Han Nguyen Minh. "A Cognitive Semantics Approach to the Polysemy of the English Preposition “On” and Its Vietnamese Equivalents." In The 4th Conference on Language Teaching and Learning. AIJR Publisher, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.132.21.

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Exploring the shift in meanings of translating the preposition “on” from English to Vietnamese, the study, besides analyzing the cases of the changes in meanings of the preposition, aims at explaining the cases where the preposition “on” is not translated as “trên” and its Vietnamese equivalents under the cognitive semantics approach. The methods of analysis and synthesis of theories from the available data on the preposition “on” as well as the methods of classifying and systematizing prepositions are applied to English-Vietnamese translation. From the collected data, this study reveals the cases of the shift in meanings of “on” and the characteristics of multiple meanings of the preposition under the cognitive semantics approach. In the course of translation, contextual meanings are used in order to convey the meanings appropriately in the Vietnamese style. The research paper can make some contribution to the teaching of translation and make it a reference material for English learners.

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Husain, Samar, Dipti Misra Sharma, and Manohar Reddy. "Simple preposition correspondence." In the Fourth ACL-SIGSEM Workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1654629.1654640.

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Dahlmeier, Daniel, Hwee Tou Ng, and Tanja Schultz. "Joint learning of preposition senses and semantic roles of prepositional phrases." In the 2009 Conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1699510.1699569.

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Böttcher, Marlene, and Fabian Schubö. "Pronoun vs. preposition – where is stress assigned in German prepositional phrases?" In 1st International Conference on Tone and Intonation (TAI). ISCA: ISCA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21437/tai.2021-18.

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Cannesson, Emmanuelle, and Patrick Saint-Dizier. "Defining and representing preposition senses." In the ACL-02 workshop. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1118675.1118679.

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Lee, John, and Mengqi Luo. "Personalized Exercises for Preposition Learning." In Proceedings of ACL-2016 System Demonstrations. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/p16-4020.

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Vasardani, Maria, Stephan Winter, Kai-Florian Richter, Lesley Stirling, and Daniela Richter. "Spatial interpretations of preposition "at"." In the 1st ACM SIGSPATIAL International Workshop. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2442952.2442961.

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Gong, Hongyu, Jiaqi Mu, Suma Bhat, and Pramod Viswanath. "Preposition Sense Disambiguation and Representation." In Proceedings of the 2018 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/d18-1180.

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Schneider, Nathan, Jena D. Hwang, Vivek Srikumar, Meredith Green, Abhijit Suresh, Kathryn Conger, Tim O'Gorman, and Martha Palmer. "A Corpus of Preposition Supersenses." In Proceedings of the 10th Linguistic Annotation Workshop held in conjunction with ACL 2016 (LAW-X 2016). Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w16-1712.

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Tucker, Michael S. The Army Preposition Afloat Program: Are We There Yet. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada363966.

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Curl, William W., and Jr. The Army Preposition Afloat Program: Is It a Program We Need? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada345545.

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Hustead, Georgie. Age, Intelligence, and Socioeconomic Status Variance in Preposition Acquisition by Children. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2172.

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Heckel, Arthur. Chronological Age, Mental Age and Socioeconomic Status Variance in Expressive Preposition Acquisition of Young Children. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.1942.

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Shope, Marie. A comparative study of the expressive preposition usage of educable mentally retarded children and normals. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2831.

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Swezy, Lynn, and Peter Itao. Brigade Prepositioned (PREPO) Afloat Operations Study. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada281878.

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Maschek, Randall P. Jointness in the Army and Marine Corps Prepositioned Maintenance Afloat Program. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada308817.

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Warlick, JoAnn. The expressive acquisition of locative and directional prepositions by severely-to-profoundly hearing impaired children. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.3273.

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Versteeg, Kathleen. An investigation of the effect of using varying stimuli to assess normal children's comprehension of five locative prepositions. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.5733.

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Brown, John V. The Army's and Marine's Afloat Prepositioned Fleet - Should DOD Conduct Maintenance at a Joint Facility? Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada344448.

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