Готові списки джерел за темами / Power-to-Liquid

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Power-to-Liquid"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Power-to-Liquid"

YOSHIDA, Teruhiko, Hiroyuki OKAZAWA, and Yoshihisa INOUE. "F110 BREAKUP CONDITIONS OF LIQUID BUBBLES DUE TO AIRSTREAMS FOR POWER ENGINEERING(Multiphase Flow-1)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering (ICOPE) 2009.1 (2009): _1–347_—_1–352_. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicope.2009.1._1-347_.

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Schulzke, Tim. "Synergies from Direct Coupling of Biomass-to-Liquid and Power-to-Liquid Plants." Chemical Engineering & Technology 40, no. 2 (December 13, 2016): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201600179.

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Varone, Alberto, and Michele Ferrari. "Power to liquid and power to gas: An option for the German Energiewende." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 45 (May 2015): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.01.049.

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Kotowicz, Janusz, Daniel Węcel, Aleksy Kwilinski, and Mateusz Brzęczek. "Efficiency of the power-to-gas-to-liquid-to-power system based on green methanol." Applied Energy 314 (May 2022): 118933. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.118933.

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Graham-Rowe, Duncan. "Liquid could supply both power and cooling to microchips." New Scientist 212, no. 2839 (November 2011): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(11)62834-0.

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Schaadt, A., M. Ouda, T. Aicher, and I. Krossing. "Das Power-to-Liquid-Konzept am Beispiel von Methanol." Chemie Ingenieur Technik 86, no. 9 (August 28, 2014): 1433–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.201450639.

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Mesfun, Sennai, Daniel L. Sanchez, Sylvain Leduc, Elisabeth Wetterlund, Joakim Lundgren, Markus Biberacher, and Florian Kraxner. "Power-to-gas and power-to-liquid for managing renewable electricity intermittency in the Alpine Region." Renewable Energy 107 (July 2017): 361–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2017.02.020.

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He, Xunan, YuanLi Kang, and Peng Li. "Simulated Analysis of Liquid System for High-power Power Electronic Equipment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2219, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2219/1/012002.

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Abstract Liquid cooling system mainly provides cooling to high-power power electronic equipment on civil aircraft. It is an important support that it can ensure the high-power power electronic equipment working normally. In this paper, the modeling and simulation of cooling system are carried out. And it mainly focuses on the liquid cooling plate of high-power power electronic equipment. First, three kinds of simulated conditions are confirmed, which are variable temperature of cooling liquid, variable heat load of power electronic equipment and variable flow of cooling liquid. Then according to three kinds of simulated conditions, the performance of cooling system is validated, which is benefit to the design of liquid cooling system and liquid cooling plate.

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Sempels, Eric V., and Frederic J. Lesage. "Optimal Thermal Conditions for Maximum Power Generation When Operating Thermoelectric Liquid-to-Liquid Generators." IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology 7, no. 6 (June 2017): 872–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcpmt.2017.2676719.

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Do, Thai Ngan, Young Gul Hur, Ha Eun Jeong, Jin Woo Chung, Wangyun Won, and Jiyong Kim. "Rethinking of conventional Gas-to-Liquid via dimethyl ether intermediate incorporating renewable energy against Power-to-Liquid." Energy Conversion and Management 261 (June 2022): 115643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2022.115643.

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Дисертації з теми "Power-to-Liquid"

Adegoke, Adesola Ayodeji. "Utilizing the heat content of gas-to-liquids by-product streams for commercial power generation." Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4217.

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The Gas-to-liquids (GTL) processes produce a large fraction of by-products whose disposal or handling ordinarily becomes a cost rather than benefit. As an alternative strategy to market stranded gas reserves, GTL provides middle distillates to an unsaturated global market and offers opportunities to generate power for commercial purposes from waste by-product streams, which normally are associated with increased expenses incurred from additional handling cost. The key concept investigated in this work is the possibility of integrating the GTL process with power generation using conventional waste by-product steam streams. Simulation of the integrated process was conducted with the aim of identifying the critical operating conditions for successful integration of the GTL and power generation processes. About 500 MW of electric power can be generated from 70% of the exit steam streams, with around 20 to 25% steam plant thermal efficiency. A detailed economic analysis on the LNG, stand-alone GTL, and Integrated GTL Power-Generation plants indicates that the integrated system is more profitable than the other options considered. Justifying the technology and economics involved in the use of the by-product streams to generate power could increase the net revenue and overall profitability of GTL projects. This technology may be transferable to GTL projects in the world, wherever a market for generated power exists.

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Manning, James. "A reliability model of a power distribution network with reference to petrochemical and gas-to-liquid plants." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40819.

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The interruption cost for one hour of a petrochemical plant is 33 times higher than that of the average interruption cost for industrial plants across all industries. In addition to the high cost of loss of production, interruptions to the operations of petrochemical and gas-toliquid plants pose safety and environmental hazards. Thus it is necessary to better understand the reliability requirements of petrochemical and gas-to-liquid plants. This study investigated the reliability of electrical distribution networks used in petrochemical and gas-to-liquid plants compared to those used in other industrial plants. A model was developed that can be used to establish the adequacy of the reliability of a distribution network in terms of the components and network topologies used. This model was validated against data that had been collected by the IEEE and applied to an actual petrochemical plant. Over 19 years’ worth of data regarding the trips that have occurred on the distribution network of an existing petrochemical plant was collected and manipulated in order to calculate the reliability indices associated with the equipment used to make up thisRecommended Practice for the Design of Reliable Industrial and Commercial Power Systems. The cost of loss of production and the capital costs associated with increased reliability were calculated for a section of the existing petrochemical plant. The reliability associated with different network topologies that could possibly be used to supply power to this section of the plant were modelled using an appropriate software package. The resulting total cost of ownership over the life of the plant associated with each topology was then calculated in order to establish which network topology is the most appropriate for petrochemical and gas-to-liquid plants. It was concluded the components that affect the reliability of an industrial distribution network are different to those that affect a utility distribution network. These components were listed and compared. It was found that the reliability indices that were calculated for the components that affect the reliability of a petrochemical plant were similar to those provided by the IEEE. 17 out of 20 of the indices that were calculated were within the required factor of deviation. Generally the failure rates of components used in petrochemical plants were very similar to those given in the IEEE Gold Book, while the MTTR’s for the components used in petrochemical plants were found to be slightly better than those given in the IEEE Gold Book. The effect of network topology was found to be significant, with small changes in the topology of a network resulting in large variations in the reliability of the network. It was also found that the most appropriate type of network topology to use in the design of the electrical distribution network of a petrochemical plant is the dual radial network. This is the most conservative of the commonly used network topologies and is the one that is currently used in the existing plant that was studied. Due to the high cost of loss of production in petrochemical plants it was established that any incremental improvement in the reliability of the dual radial network would be beneficial to the total cost of ownership of such a plant. Such incremental improvement of the reliability of the distribution network could be cost effectively achieved by adopting a conservative maintenance strategy and the establishment of a conservative spares inventory. Before this study was undertaken, there was no literature around the reliability of electrical distribution networks that focused specifically on petrochemical and gas-to-liquid plants. This study produced a set of reliability indices and a model that electrical engineers can use in the reliability analysis of petrochemical and gas-to-liquid plants. Furthermore it shows that, because the cost of loss of production in petrochemical plants is so high, the most conservative distribution network design and maintenance philosophies should always be used. distribution network. These reliability indices were compared to those given by the IEEE
Dissertation (MEng)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
gm2014
Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering
unrestricted

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Dahl, Robert. "Evaluation of the new Power & Biomass to Liquid (PBtL) concept for production of biofuels from woody biomass." Thesis, KTH, Kemiteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-289860.

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I den här rapporten utvärderas det nya konceptet Power & Biomass to Liquid (PBtL). PBtL är ett alternativ till den tidigare och mer etablerade Biomass to Liquid (BtL) processen. Med PBtL förbättras utbytet av kol jämfört med BtL genom att elektricitet läggs till i processen. Elektriciteten används för att producera H2, som används för att höja H2/CO förhållandet istället för att använda WGS som i vanlig BtL process. Rapporten är en del i ett större PBtL projekt som bedrivits vid Institutt for kjemisk prosessteknologi vid NTNU och på SINTEF. Utvärderingen utfördes genom flera simuleringar av lågtemperaturs Fischer-Tropsch reaktorer i simuleringsprogrammet Aspen Plus. Omvandling och katalytiska reaktorer utvecklades och togs fram i programmet. Produktfördelningen i omvandlingsreaktorn modellerades med ASF distribution theory tillsammans med en metod för sammanslagning av högre kolväten. Fördelningen av paraffiner, olefiner och oxygenater baserades på experimentella resultat från Shafer et al. som studerade en slurryreaktor under liknande förhållanden. Den kinetiska reaktorn modellerades med en variant av ASF fördelningsteori kallad ”consorted vinylene mechanism” från Rytter och Holmen. Reaktorerna adderades till förgasningsprocess, som utvecklats tidigare av PBtL gruppen, I förgasningsprocessen förgasas biomassa till syntesgas, dvs H2 och CO. För att möjliggöra en utvärdering av det efterföljande steget med separering av vax, mellandestillat och lättare kolväten så antogs en väl fungerande separation av Fischer-Tropsch produkterna. En enklare separation av med flash förångning gjordes också, dels för fortsättningen av PBtL processen och för att kunna studera tailgasrecirkulering. Ett mindre bidrag var studier av en torkningsprocess för biomassa innan inloppet till förgasningsprocessen. PBtL konceptet diskuterades även ur ett praktiskt perspektiv. Resultaten visar att vid driftbetingelser på 210 °C, 25 bar och H2/CO = 1,95 så gav omvandlingsreaktorn en kolselektivitet för CH4 respektive C5+ på 14,77 respektive 75,40 mol% C. Högre temperatur, tryck och H2/CO förhållande i reaktorn resulterar i en högre kolselektivitet mot lägre kolväten. Vid samma driftbetingelser gav den katalysreaktorn en kolselektivitet för CH4 respektive C5+ på 7,612 respektive 86,00 mol% C. Resultaten visar att C8-C16 produktionen var högre än C17+ med avseende på molflöde men lägre beträffande massflöde för katalysreaktorn. Generellt så ökar kolselektiviteten med ökande kolnummer till ett maximum runt 13 för att sedan minska.
In this report, the new Power & Biomass to Liquid (PBtL) concept was evaluated. The PBtL concept is a new alternative to the more well-established Biomass to Liquid (BtL) concept where electricity is added to the process. The main purpose for developing the PBtL is that the BtL process exhibits poor carbon efficiency compared to the PBtL process. The electricity here is used to produce H2 in electrolysis. The report is part of a larger PBtL project pursued for several years at the Department of Chemical Engineering at NTNU and SINTEF. The evaluation was done by simulating different types of low temperature Fischer-Tropsch reactors in simulation software Aspen Plus. A conversion reactor and a kinetic reactor was developed. A conversion reactor based on the result from the kinetic reactor was also developed. The conversion-based reactor was modeled with the ASF distribution theory which describes the distribution of products formed in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis along with a method of lumping higher hydrocarbons. The distribution between paraffins, olefins and oxygenates was based on experimental data from Shafer et al. with similar operating condition with a Slurry reactor. The kinetic-based reactor was modeled with ASF distribution theory with a consorted vinylene mechanism previously described in Rytter and Holmen. The reactors were added to a process for which the biomass gasification section had previously been developed by the PBtL group. The Fischer-Tropsch products were as well separated in order to evaluate the subsequent step of separation of waxes, middle distillate and lighter hydrocarbons. This enabled the option of recycling of tail gas to the Fischer-Tropsch reactor to be evaluated. A smaller contribution included addition of a biomass dryer prior the biomass gasification section. The PBtL concept is also shortly discussed from a practical point-of-view. It was found that for the operating condition of 210 °C, 25 bar and H2/CO = 1.95 for the conversion-based reactor yielded a carbon selectivity towards CH4 and C5+ of 14.77 and 75.40 mol C% respectively. For the same operating condition, the kinetic-based reactor yield a carbon selectivity towards CH4 and C5+ of 7.612 and 86.00 mol C% respectively. It could be seen from the conversion-based reactor that elevating temperature, pressure and H2/CO (to a certain extent) results in higher carbon selectivity towards lower hydrocarbons. From the product separation with the kinetic reactor, it was observed that C8-C16 production was higher than the C17+ production in terms of mole flow but lower in terms of mass flow. For both models, carbon selectivity increases with carbon number and peaks around carbon number 13 and then starts to decrease.

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Walker, Devin Mason. "Catalytic Tri-reforming of Biomass-Derived Syngas to Produce Desired H2:CO Ratios for Fuel Applications." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4250.

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This study focuses on upgrading biomass derived syngas for the synthesis of liquid fuels using Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (FTS). The process includes novel gasification of biomass via a tri-reforming process which involves a synergetic combination of CO2 reforming, steam reforming, and partial oxidation of methane. Typical biomass-derived syngas H2:CO is 1:1 and contains tars that deactivate FT catalyst. This innovation allows for cost-effective one-step production of syngas in the required H2:CO of 2:1 with reduction of tars for use in the FTS. To maximize the performance of the tri-reforming catalyst, an attempt to control oxygen mobility, thermal stability, dispersion of metal, resistance to coke formation, and strength of metal interaction with support is investigated by varying catalyst synthesis parameters. These synthesis variables include Ce and Zr mixed oxide support ratios, amount Mg and Ni loading, and the preparation of the catalyst. Reaction conditions were also varied to determine the influences reaction temperature, gas composition, and GHSV have on the catalyst performance. Testing under controlled reaction conditions and the use of several catalyst characterization techniques (BET, XRD, TPR, XAFS, SEM-EDS, XPS) were employed to better explain the effects of the synthesis parameters. Applications of the resulting data were used to design proof of concept solar powered BTL plant. This paper highlights the performance of the tri-reforming catalyst under various reaction conditions and explains results using catalyst characterization.

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Tshamala, Mubenga Carl. "Simulation and control implications of a high-temperature modular reactor (HTMR) cogeneration plant." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86264.

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Thesis (MScEng)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Traditionally nuclear reactor power plants have been optimised for electrical power generation only. In the light of the ever-rising cost of dwindling fossil fuel resources as well the global polluting effects and consequences of their usage, the use of nuclear energy for process heating is becoming increasingly attractive. In this study the use of a so-called cogeneration plant in which a nuclear reactor energy source is optimised for the simultaneous production of superheated steam for electrical power generation and process heat is considered and analysed. The process heat superheated steam is generated in a once-through steam generator of heat pipe heat exchanger with intermediate fluid while steam for power generation is generated separately in a once-through helical coil steam generator. A 750 °C, 7 MPa helium cooled HTMR has been conceptually designed to simultaneously provide steam at 540 °C, 13.5 MPa for the power unit and steam at 430 °C, 4 MPa for a coal-to-liquid fuel process. The simulation and dynamic control of such a typical cogeneration plant is considered. In particular, a theoretical model of a typical plant will be simulated with the aim of predicting the transient and dynamic behaviour of the HTMR in order to provide guideline for the control of the plant under various operating conditions. It was found that the simulation model captured the behaviour of the plant reasonably well and it is recommended that it could be used in the detailed design of plant control strategies. It was also found that using a 1500 MW-thermal HTMR the South African contribution to global pollution can be reduced by 1.58%.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Tradisioneel is kernkragaanlegte vir slegs elektriese kragopwekking geoptimeer. In die lig van die immer stygende koste van uitputbare fossielbrandstohulpbronne asook die besoedelingsimpak daarvan wêreldwyd, word die gebruik van kernkrag vir prosesverhitting al hoe meer aanlokliker. In hierdie studie word die gebruik van ‘n sogenaamde mede-opwekkingsaanleg waarin ‘n kernkragreaktor-energiebron vir die gelyktydige produksie van oorverhitte stoom vir elektriese kragopwekking en proseshitte oorweeg ontleed word. Die oorvehitte stoom word in ‘n enkeldeurvloei-stoomopwekking van die hittepyp-hitteruiler met tussenvloeistof opgewek en stoom vir kragopwekking word apart in ‘n enkeldeurvloei-spiraalspoel-stoomopwekker opgewek. ‘n 750 °C, 7 MPa heliumverkoelde HTMR is konseptueel ontwerp vir die gelytydige veskaffing van stoom by 540 °C, 13.5 MPa, vir die kragopwekkings eenheid, en stoom by 430 °C, 4 MPa, vir ‘n steenkool-tot-vloeibare (CTL) brandstoff proses. Die simulasie en dinamiese beheer van ‘n tipiese HTMR mede-opwekkingsaanleg word beskou. ‘n die besonder word ‘n teoretiese model van die transiënte en dinamiese gedrag van die aanleg gesimuleer om sodoene riglyne te identifiseer vir die ontwikkeling van dinamiese beheer strategië vir verskillende werkstoestande van die aanleg. Daar was ook gevind dat die simulasie model van die aanleg se gedrag goed nageboots word en dat dit dus gebruik kan word vir beheer strategie doeleindes. Indien so ‘n 1500 MW-termies HTMR gebruik word sal dit die Suid Afrikaanse besoedling met 1.58% sal kan verminder.

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Longhin, Francesco. "Electrocatalytic hydrogenation of biocrude from hydrothermal liquefaction: focus on palmitic acid as model compound." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/24416/.

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This work tackles a feasibility analysis on the electrocatalytic hydrogenation of palmitic acid as model compound for the interested hydrothermal liquefaction's (HTL) biocrude. It represents an upgrading study in order to produce high quality bio-oil or even biofuels. The aim was to confirm the possibility to attack this very unreactive molecule electrochemically, performing the target reaction of hydrogenation in lab-scale systems. Furthermore, also a qualitative analysis on the product and on the possible reaction scheme has been done. Due to the lack of literature, further study must be done in order to confirm exactly the reaction pathways and the specific products, as well as to investigate the kinetics and the efficient parameters of the reaction. HTL is a promising process for the treatment of wet biomass without costly and energy expensive pre-treatments. The derived biocrude is an important source of energy. On the other hand, electrocatalytic processes for bio-based chemicals upgrading rely on a very high energy efficiency and a good versatility in term of space, cost and easy implementation, as well as low impacts due to the possible integration with delocalised renewables energy sources. The aim of this study was born with the necessity to integrate these two processes in order to have a feasible and cost-effective processes for the direct production of biofuels.

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McGregor, James Royston. "Investigation into the economic feasibility of the continued existence of the PetroSA Mossel Bay refinery." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50377.

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Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: South Africa's main requirements for power are in the form of electricity and liquid fuels The country's electricity is generated mainly from coal while the liquid fuels requirement is mainly from crude oil. Both coal and crude oil use are coming under increasing pressure locally because of pollution and accompanying environmental awareness. Internationally both energy sources are also increasingly being abandoned as preferred energy sources, in first world countries, in favour of cleaner energy sources.ln view of these developments in the macro environment South Africa's gas to liquids refinery built in the early 1990's seems a well placed past investment ahead of its time. This study project looks at the economic feasibility of the continued existence of the PetroSA gas to liquid plant in Mossel Bay.The study looks at South Africa as well as Southern Africa's energy resources , the effect of changing legislation on the future use of energy resources and the economics of the Mossel Bay facility. The study finds that South Africa's abundance of coal reserves, its lack of oil and gas reserves and the slow pace of environmental legislation delivery means that gas is unlikely to become a major source of energy in South Africa.The Mossel Bay gas to liquids plant is profitable but its high fixed costs and certain growth of this cost component means that the continued feasibility of operations is dependant on favourable movements in the exchange rate and oil price. To answer the question about whether to continue operating or close down the analysis found that although although early closure would provide a return of more than 15 percent it would be even more viable financially to make an investment for more gas and continue operations.The main reason for the better than average projected returns is the high oil price .The decision to close down the Mossel Bay plant is not likely to be based on financial considerations alone. The recommendation is thus to continue operations untill 2016.The investment required to secure more gas would , even in the worst case scenario, provide a satisfactory return on investment.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suid Afrika se energie behoeftes is hoofsaaklik vir elektrisiteit en brandstof. Die meerderheid van die land se elektristeit word deur middel van steenkool opgewek terwyl ru-olie gebruik word om brandstof te vervaardig. Beide steenkool en ru-olie word al hoe meer onder druk geplaas as gevolg van besoedeling en 'n meer omgewing bewuste publiek. Op internasionale vlak , in eerste wereld lande word die gebruik van steenkool en ru-olie al hoe meer afgeskaf ten gunsle van skoner kragbronne. In die lig van hierdie verwikkeling in die makro omgewing mag dit op die oog af Iyk of PetroSA se gas na vloeistof aanleg in Mosselbaai, wat reeds in die vroee 1990's gebou is, as 'n goeie destydse strategiese belegging voorkom. Hierdie studie projek ondersoek die ekonomiese lewensvatbaarheid van die voorgesette bestaan van die PetroSA se Mosselbaai gas na vloeislof aanleg. Die studie kyk na Suid-Afrika sowel as die groter Suider Afrika se natuurlike energiebronne, die invloed van verandering in wetgewing op die toekomstige gebruik van energiebronne en die ekonomiese kenmerke van die aanleg in Mosselbaai. Die bevinding van die studie is dat Suid-Afrika se oorvloed van steenkool, sy tekort aan natuurlike gas en die stadige pas waarteen omgewings-wetgewing ontwikkel word, daartoe lei dat gas nie 'n volmatige energiebron in Suid Afrika sal word nie. Die aanleg in Mosselbaai is huidiglik winsgewind maar sy hoe vastekoste en groei hiervan belemmer sy vooruitsigte vanuit 'n finansiele oogpunt. Die winsgewindheid van die aanleg is afhanklik van 'n verswakkende Suid Afrikaanse geldeenheid en verhogende ru-olie pryse. Die vraag onstaan dus of die aanleg moet toemaak en of produksie moet voortgaan. Die ondersoek vind dat alhoewel die sluiting van die aanleg 'n opbrengs van meer as 15 persent sal lewer dit selfs meer finansieel aantreklik is on te belê in meer gas sodat produksie kan voortgaan. Die hoofrede vir die bogemiddelde opbrengs is die hoe oilieprys. Dit is onwaarskynlik dat die oorweging om die Mosselbaaise aanleg sluit suiwer op finansieele oorwegings sal rus. Die aanbeveling is dus om voort te gaan met produksie tot 2016. Die belegging wat nodig is vir meer gas sal selfs onder die mees pessimistiese omstandighede steeds 'n bevredigende opbrengs lewer.

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Zhang, Yusheng. "Development of a bench scale single batch biomass to liquid fuel facility." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/811.

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The research described in this dissertation was motivated by the global demand for energy that is not dependent on coal, oil, natural gas and other non-renewable fossil fuels. The technology used in this project is related to the use of biomass to produce a viable alternative to conventional sources of fuel. A bench scale biomass to liquid (BTL) facility was built and tested. This produced results confirming the feasibility of the BTL process. The findings of the pilot study outlined in this dissertation justified the conclusion that the next step will be to expand the capacity and productivity of the BTL pilot plant to an industrial scale. Biomass comes from a variety of renewable sources that are readily available. In this case, the material used in the fixed bed biomass gasification facility to generate wood gas was agricultural and forestry waste, such as straw and wood chips. The gasifier had the capacity to produce up to 10 cubic metres/hr of gas with a carbon monoxide and hydrogen content of between 20–40% by volume, when it was operated at ambient pressure and with air as the oxidizer. The gas, produced at a temperature above 700º C, was cooled in a quench/water scrubber in order to remove most of the mechanical impurities (tars and water-soluble inorganic particles), condensed and dried with corn cobs before being compressed in cylinders at over 100 bar (g) for use in the Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS). The syngas was subjected further to a series of refining processes which included removal of sulphur and oxygen. The sulphur removal technology chosen entailed applying modified activated carbon to adsorb H2S with the help of hydrolysis in order to convert organic sulphur impurities into H2S which reduced the sulphur content of the gas to less than 5 ppbv. Supported cobalt catalyst (100 grams), were loaded into a single-tube fixed bed FT reactor with an inner diameter of 50 mm. The reactor was fitted with a heating jacket through which, heated oil ran to cool the reactor during a normal reaction occurring at < 250 ºC, while nitrogen was used in the heating jacket during reduction, which occurred at temperatures up ~ 350 ºC. The FTS reaction was carried out at different pressures and temperatures. Liquid and wax products were produced from the facility. The properties of the liquid and solid hydrocarbons produced were found to be the same as FT products from other feed stocks, such as natural gas and coal.

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Chen, Xiuping. "Embedded active and passive methods to reduce the junction temperature of power and RF electronics." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/51901.

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AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) have been widely used for high power and high frequency RF communications due to their fast switching and large current handling capabilities. The reliability of such devices is strongly affected by the junction temperature where the highest magnitude occurs in a local region on the drain side edge of the gate called the hotspot. Thus, thermal management of these devices remains a major concern in the design and reliability of systems employing AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. Due to the large power densities induced in these devices locally near the drain side edge of the gate, it is clear that moving thermal management solutions closer to the heat generation region is critical in order to reduce the overall junction temperature of the device. In this work, we explore the use of embedded microchannel cooling in the substrate of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs made on Si and SiC substrates and compare them to passive cooling techniques using Si, SiC, and diamond substrates. In addition, the impact of cooling fluids and harsh environmental conditions were considered. The study was performed using a combination of CFD and finite volume analysis on packaged AlGaN/GaN HEMTs. Active cooling using embedded microchannels were shown to have a significant impact on the heat dissipation over the passive cooling methods, approaching or exceeding that of diamond cooled devices. For vertical power devices (IGBT), embedded microchannels in the power electronics substrates were explored. In both the power devices and lateral AlGaN/GaN HEMTs, the use of embedded microchannels with nonlinear channel geometries was shown to be the most effective in terms of reducing the device junction temperature while minimizing the pumping power required.

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Mizubayashi, J., J. Haruyama, I. Takesue, T. Okazaki, H. Shinohara, Y. Harada, and Y. Awano. "Anomalous Coulomb diamonds and power-law behavior sensitive to back-gate voltages in carbon nanoscale peapod quantum dots." American Physical Society, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/11306.

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Книги з теми "Power-to-Liquid"

J, Moracz D., and George C. Marshall Space Flight Center., eds. Application of power metallurgy techniques to produce improved bearing elements for liquid rocket engines: Final report. Marshall Space Flight Center, Ala: NASA, George C. Marshall Space Flight Center, 1992.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Power. Octane mislabeling: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, on H.R. 5520, a bill to amend the Petroleum Marketing Practices Act to require certification and posting for all liquid automotive fuels ... June 20, 1990. Washington, DC: U.S. G.P.O., 1990.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Power. Pipeline safety: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred Third Congress, second session, on H.R. 4394 and H.R. 4616, bills to establish one-call systems to improve natural gas and hazardous liquid pipeline safety, and for other purposes, June 23, 1994. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1994.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Power. Octane mislabeling: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, on H.R. 5520 a bill to amend the Petroleum Marketing Practices Act to require certification and posting for all liquid automotive fuels, and for other purposes, June 20, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Energy and Commerce. Subcommittee on Energy and Power. Octane mislabeling: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy and Power of the Committee on Energy and Commerce, House of Representatives, One Hundred First Congress, second session, on H.R. 5520 a bill to amend the Petroleum Marketing Practices Act to require certification and posting for all liquid automotive fuels, and for other purposes, June 20, 1990. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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Jomha, Ahmad Ismail. The power requirement for mixing concentrated solid/liquid suspensions: An experimental study of the rheologicalbehaviour of concentrated solid/liquid suspensions and the application of these data to the prediction of the power requirement for mechanically agitated vessels. Bradford, 1987.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Large Liquid Immersed Power Transformers without Load-Tap-Changing, 10,001 KVA, OA to 30,000 KVA, OA (50,000 KVA, Top FOA). Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Large Liquid Immersed Power Transformers without Load-Tap-Changing of 10,001 KVA, OA to 30,000 KVA, OA (50,000 KVA, Top FOA). ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007-2012 World Outlook for Large Liquid-Immersed Power Transformers with Load-Tap-Changing of 10,001 KVA, OA to 30,000 KVA, OA (50,000 KVA, Top FOA). ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The 2006-2011 World Outlook for Liquid-Immersed, Single-And Three-Phase, Compartmentalized Pad-Mounted, Subsurface Underground and Conventional Subway-Type ... Power Transformers with 501 to 2500 KVA. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Частини книг з теми "Power-to-Liquid"

Wright, Mark M., and Robert C. Brown. "Costs of Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass to Power and Liquid Fuels." In Thermochemical Processing of Biomass, 307–22. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119990840.ch10.

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Wright, Mark M., and Tristan Brown. "Costs of Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass to Power and Liquid Fuels." In Thermochemical Processing of Biomass, 337–53. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119417637.ch10.

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Hank, Christoph, Lukas Lazar, Franz Kaspar Mantei, Mohamed Ouda, Robin J. White, Tom Smolinka, Achim Schaadt, Christopher Hebling, and Hans-Martin Henning. "Environmental assessment of OME3-5 synfuel production via the power-to-liquid pathway." In Proceedings, 415–22. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-30500-0_29.

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Decher, Reiner. "The Compressor: Gas Turbine Engine Keystone." In The Vortex and The Jet, 109–19. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8028-1_10.

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AbstractAll engines involve the raising of pressure in the engine’s medium, be it liquid compression of water, piston-cylinder compression of air or compression by aerodynamic forces. The last is the hardest because it is required to be efficient and stable. An aerodynamic air compressor works by slowing velocities to raise pressure. The airfoil has a difficult time doing this reliably and well and so does the compressor. When it does, it allows for amazing performance of the engine in terms of power and efficiency.

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Agrawal, Manish K., Mayank Modak, Palash Gupta, Satish Chandra, and Santosh K. Sahu. "An Experimental Investigation to Analyse the Heat Transfer Characteristics of Hot Surface by Obliquely Impinging Liquid Jet." In Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Power – Contemporary Research, 1131–40. New Delhi: Springer India, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2743-4_107.

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Ruckmongathan, Temkar N. "METHODS TO REDUCE POWER CONSUMPTION OF LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAYS." In Progress in Liquid Crystal Science and Technology, 675–92. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814417600_0029.

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Ostadi, M., B. Austbø, and M. Hillestad. "Parametric Optimization of a Power and Biomass to Liquid Process." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, 287–92. Elsevier, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-818597-1.50045-x.

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Ostadi, Mohammad, Emre Gençer, and Magne Hillestad. "Integration of Green Power in a Gas to Liquid Process." In 31st European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering, 1677–82. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-88506-5.50260-6.

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"Feasibility Study on using Homopolar Motors Coupled to Synchronous Generators to Convert DC Power from a Liquid- Metal MHD System to AC Power." In Liquid Metal Flows: Magnetohydrodynamics and Application, 308–21. Washington DC: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/5.9781600865862.0308.0321.

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Lally, Jagjeet. "Power." In India and the Silk Roads, 73–98. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197581070.003.0004.

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By introducing the idea of economies of violence, this chapter explains the connection of seasonal movements from the dry zone of mercenaries, horse traders, and nomadic pastoralists and their herds to the production and exercise of hard power in monsoon south Asia. Zooming in, it then examines the rise of the Durrani Empire in the northwest borderlands of the Mughal Empire in the eighteenth century. It shows how this process of expansion—alongside the expansion of the Qing and Romanov empires deeper into Eurasia around the same time—brought into this space more of the liquid wealth derived from the increasingly globalised economy which was emerging along the continental seaboards. This wealth was used to bolster a different form of power: that deriving from the management of the state’s material resources (the land and its productivity, not least) and the expansion of the state’s fiscal base.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Power-to-Liquid"

Avtonomova, I. V., and D. E. Yavna. "Calculation of power supplied to drive liquid ring machine." In OIL AND GAS ENGINEERING (OGE-2021). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0074996.

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Albrecht, Friedemann G., Daniel H. Konig, and Ralph-Uwe Dietrich. "The potential of using power-to-liquid plants for power storage purposes." In 2016 13th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem.2016.7521203.

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von Jouanne, Annette, Ryan Collin, Yu Miao, Alex Yokochi, Scott Harpool, and Adam Shareghi. "Power Electronics Testbed for Converting Methane to Liquid Fuels via Electrical Corona." In 2018 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecce.2018.8557831.

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Chudnovsky, B., L. Levin, A. Talanker, A. Kunin, J. Cohen, R. Harpaz, and J. Karni. "Advanced Power Plant Concept With Application of Exhaust CO2 to Liquid Fuel Production." In ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17 collocated with the ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power-icope2017-3037.

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Today there is a growing concern about the ramifications of global warming resulting from the use of fossil fuels and the associated carbon dioxide emissions. Oxy-fuel combustion is a promising response to this issue, since the product of the combustion is a CO2 rich flue gas, which requires no further separation from other emission gases and thus can be sequestrated, or utilized. Here we present an analysis of a novel technology for combining oxy-fuel combustion with utilization of the CO2 rich flue gas for syntetic fuel production. The technology concept involves a new method of using concentrated solar energy for the dissociation of carbon dioxide (CO2) to carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen (O2). Simultaneously, the same device can dissociate water (H2O) to hydrogen (H2) and oxygen (O2). The CO, or the mixture of CO and H2 (called Syngas), can then be used as a gaseous fuel (e.g. in power plants), or converted to a liquid fuel (e.g. methanol), which is relatively easy to store and transport, and can be used in motor vehicles and electricity generation facilities. The oxygen produced in the process can be used in oxy-fuel combustion or other advanced combustion methods in power plants. In this study it is assumed that a typical sub-critical, 575 MW, coal firing power plant is converted to oxy-fuel combustion. The flue gases from that power plant are then used as raw material for fuel production. The aim of the study is to estimate the optimal conceptual design of a power generation plant, including liquid/gaseous fuel generation facility. In the present study we used a series of special models for simulating the heat balance, heat transfer, performance and emissions of an oxy-fuel converted utility boiler. We also employed cycle simulation software that facilitates the optimization of an electricity generation plant with CO2 conversion to liquid fuel and usage of the fuel produced from CO2 for additional electricity production. The simulation results show that the amount of fuel produced, additional power generated and power station self consumption may be changed over a wide range, depending on the size of the solar field, which provides the energy for the liquid fuel production. The paper includes an overview of some of the key technical considerations of the new concept of CO2 conversion to fuel. Based on the obtained results it may be concluded that the methodology presented in this study is an attractive option for CO2 emission reduction, which can be implemented in existing and/or new power generation units. The technology proposed in this paper is not indented as an alternative for replacing coal combustion with natural gas, however may be used effectively with oxy-fuel combustion of either coal or natural gas.

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Heydari, Ali, Pardeep Shahi, Vahideh Radmard, Bahareh Eslami, Uschas Chowdhury, Chandraprakash Hinge, Lochan Sai Reddy Cinthaparthy, et al. "A Control Strategy for Minimizing Temperature Fluctuations in High Power Liquid to Liquid CDUs Operated at Very Low Heat Loads." In ASME 2022 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2022-97434.

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Abstract The rising demand for high-performance central and graphical processing units has resulted in the need for more efficient thermal management techniques like direct-to-chip liquid cooling. Direct Liquid Cooling using cold plates is one of the most efficient and investigated cooling technologies since the 1980s. Major data and cloud providers are actively deploying liquid-cooled data center infrastructure due to rising computational demands. Liquid to liquid heat exchangers used in liquid-cooled data centers is also referred to as coolant distribution units (CDUs). Most of these CDUs selected by the data center operator is based on the heat load of the data center and the available head with that CDU. In this study, three 52U racks with six high-power TTV-based servers (Thermal Test Vehicles) in each rack were designed and deployed. Each server consists of eight GPU TTVs and six NV switch heaters. A 450-kW liquid-cooled CDU is used, and propylene glycol 25% is used as a coolant. Typical CDUs are designed to operate at 20 to 30% of the rated heat load to achieve a stable secondary coolant supply temperature. The present study will investigate the operations of CDU at very low heat loads, like 1% to 10% of the CDU’s rated capacity. At these low loads, large fluctuations in secondary side supply temperature were observed. This large fluctuation can lead to the failure of the 3-way valve used in CDUs at the primary side. In this paper, a control strategy is developed to stabilize the secondary supply temperature within ± 0.5 °C at very low loads using the combination of a flow control valve on the primary side and PID control settings within the CDU.

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Ellis, K. "Dimensional standards for bushings applied to liquid filled power transformers and reactors why they are important to your electric power system." In Exposition: Latin America. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdc-la.2008.4641874.

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Ku, Bon Woong, Yu Liu, Yingyezhe Jin, Peng Li, and Sung Kyu Lim. "Area-efficient and low-power face-to-face-bonded 3D liquid state machine design." In ICCAD '18: IEEE/ACM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3240765.3264695.

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Rakitin, Aleksandr, Ilia Popov, Giuseppe Correale, Andrei Nikipelov, and Andrei Starikovskii. "Compact and Power-Intensive Catalyst-Free Partial Oxidation Reformer Of Liquid Fuels To Syngas." In 49th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting including the New Horizons Forum and Aerospace Exposition. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-1332.

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Barbosa, Fábio Coelho. "Power to Liquid (PtL) Synthetic Aviation Fuel - A Sustainable Pathway for Jet Fuel Production." In SAE BRASIL 2021 Web Forum. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2021-36-0034.

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Magone, Laurence G., Alex Barker, and Leora Peltz. "Life Cycle Assessment of Producing Synthetic Fuel via the Fischer-Tropsch Power to Liquid Process." In AIAA Scitech 2021 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-0261.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Power-to-Liquid"

Muelaner, Jody. Unsettled Issues Regarding Power Options for Decarbonized Commercial Vehicles. SAE International, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021021.

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While direct electrification appears to provide the most cost-effective route to decarbonization of commercial vehicles, uptake may be constrained by critical metal supply. Additionally, it will be many years before hydrogen power becomes decarbonized or if it can ever compete economically with direct electrification. An electric road system (ERS) could offer a highly efficient and cost-effective route to direct electrification that would greatly reduce the volume of batteries required, but pilot schemes are urgently needed to provide concrete data on operating costs for different ERS technologies. Furthermore, if plug-in hybrid electric vehicles could obtain most of their power from an ERS, liquid biofuels and “electrofuels” may prove useful for occasional off-grid range extension. To achieve extremely long-range for operation in remote locations, liquid fuels remain the only viable option. Unsettled Issues Regarding Power Options for Decarbonized Commercial Vehicles discusses the analysis required to understand the lifecycle energy use for different power options for decarbonized commercial vehicles.

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Moisseytsev, A., and J. J. Sienicki. Extension of the supercritical carbon dioxide brayton cycle to low reactor power operation: investigations using the coupled anl plant dynamics code-SAS4A/SASSYS-1 liquid metal reactor code system. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1040689.

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