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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Poverty Conceptions"

1

Connell, R. W., Viv White, and Ken Johnston. "POVERTY AND EDUCATION: Changing Conceptions." Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education 11, no. 1 (October 1990): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0159630900110102.

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2

Miskovic, Spomenka. "Conceptions of poverty and wealth among schoolchildren." Psihologija 36, no. 2 (2003): 199–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi0302199m.

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This research attempts to explore conceptions of poverty and wealth typical for Belgrade schoolchildren in two different ages: 13,5 years and 17,5 years (total N=222). We identified the content and the structure of conceptions, as well as the age differences for every conception element. The criteria for identification that younger children used were: possessing, appearance, psychical characteristic and specific social group affiliation, while older children demonstrated social schemes of larger complexity and stated: general needs, evaluation of life, different ways of becoming rich or poor, describing life-styles. Relations between various explanations of poverty and wealth revealed the existence of one homogeneous structural component (blaming the system) as well as the presence of conditional non homogeneous individualistic one. Schoolchildren with higher socioeconomic status prefered individualistic (positive) explanations of wealth in comparison with children that had lower socioeconomic status. At the same time, we found no difference in using structuralistic explanations of poverty between schoolchildren who had different socioeconomic status. Parental level of education turned out to be irrelevant for social criticism.
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3

Schliesser, Christine. "On a Long Neglected Player: The Religious Factor in Poverty Alleviation." Exchange 43, no. 4 (December 22, 2014): 339–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1572543x-12341336.

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Much of poverty alleviation theory and practice fails to sufficiently consider the following crucial factor: the religious dimension. This paper elaborates this thesis by focusing on the African context and the valuable resources African religious communities and movements can provide in the struggle against poverty. One particularly influential streak of present-time African religiousness serves as a case study: the so-called ‘Prosperity Gospel’ as part of Pentecostal Christianity. The author first argues for the continuing formative influence of religion on African conceptions of self, other, and world. Secondly, she provides a critical assessment of the impact of Pentecostalism and the ‘Prosperity Gospel’ on poverty alleviation. In comparison with secular ngos, Pentecostal churches emerge as the more effective agents of change. A third part situates the insights gained into a wider perspective, seeking ways to integrate the religious factor into a more holistic conception of and engagement against poverty
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4

Haider, Jutta, and David Bawden. "Conceptions of “information poverty” in LIS: a discourse analysis." Journal of Documentation 63, no. 4 (July 31, 2007): 534–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00220410710759002.

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5

Chafel, Judith A. "Schooling, the Hidden Curriculum, and Children's Conceptions of Poverty." Social Policy Report 11, no. 1 (March 1997): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2379-3988.1997.tb00004.x.

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6

Moon, Tonya R., and Catherine M. Brighton. "Primary Teachers' Conceptions of Giftedness." Journal for the Education of the Gifted 31, no. 4 (January 1, 2008): 447–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4219/jeg-2008-793.

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This article focuses on the first phase of a recent National Research Center on Giftedness and Talented (NRC/GT) project, which used survey research to target a disproportionate nationally stratified random sample of primary grade teachers about their beliefs and practices related to talent development in young children and their responses to case studies describing four different types of students—one easily identified as gifted from a traditional paradigm; the others manifested talents masked by some other factor—poverty, language status, or concurrent social/emotional needs. The mixed-method survey design facilitated triangulation of findings to better understand the contextual factors that influence primary grade teachers' perceptions and behaviors. Findings indicate that primary grade teachers continue to hold traditional conceptions of talent that shapes how they view cultural minority students, nonnative English speakers, and children with other exceptionalities. These beliefs influence the types of academic, social, and programmatic interventions they believe diverse primary grade learners need, often seeing the deficits before identifying the talents.
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7

Seider, Scott C., Samantha A. Rabinowicz, and Susan C. Gillmor. "Changing American College Students’ Conceptions of Poverty Through Community Service Learning." Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 11, no. 1 (December 13, 2010): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-2415.2010.01224.x.

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8

Leong Yee, Ethan. "‘Poverty, Queen and Empress’: A Re-evaluation of the Grandmontine Conceptions of Poverty and the Evangelical Life." Journal of Medieval Monastic Studies 9 (January 2020): 51–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.jmms.5.120396.

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9

Pogge, Thomas W. "Responsibilities for Poverty-Related Ill Health." Ethics & International Affairs 16, no. 2 (September 2002): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7093.2002.tb00398.x.

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In a democratic society, the social rules are imposed by all upon each. As “recipients” of the rules, we tend to think that they should be designed to engender the best attainable distribution of goods and ills or quality of life. We are inclined to assess social institutions by how they affect their participants. But there is another, oft-neglected perspective which the topic of health equity raises with special clarity: As imposers of the rules, we are inclined to think that harms we inflict through the rules have greater moral weight than like harms we merely fail to prevent or to mitigate. What matters morally is not merely how we affect people, but how we treat them through the rules we impose. While current (consequentialist and Rawlsian) theorizing is dominated by the first perspective and thus supports purely recipient-oriented moral conceptions, an adequate approach to social justice requires a balancing of both. Such balancing results in a relational conception of justice, which distinguishes various ways in which an institutional scheme may causally affect the quality of life of its participants.This essay argues that the strength of our moral reason to prevent or mitigate particular medical conditions depends not only on what one might call distributional factors, such as how badly off the people affected by these conditions are in absolute and relative terms, how costly prevention or treatment would be, and how much patients would benefit from given treatment. Rather, it depends also on relational factors, that is, on how we are related to the medical conditions they suffer. It then discusses some implications of this view for understanding responsibilities for international health outcomes.
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McClure, Julia, Amitava Chowdhury, Sarah Easterby-Smith, Norberto Ferreras, Omar Gueye, Meha Priyadarshini, Steven Serels, and Jelmer Vos. "Inquality and the Future of Global History: A Round Table Discussion." Journal of Indian Ocean World Studies 3, no. 1 (September 18, 2019): 53–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.26443/jiows.v3i1.58.

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The following is an edited transcript of a roundtable that took place at the University of Glasgow in September 2018. The roundtable was organized by Dr. Julia McClure in conjunction with the Poverty Research Network’s conference - Beyond Development: The Local Visions of Global Poverty. That conference brought into focus the ways in which the global and local levels meet at the site of poverty and highlighted the different conceptions on the global are generated from the perspective of poverty. The roundtable brought together leading scholars from Europe, Africa, Asia and North and South America to take stock of global history as a field, to consider the role of existing centres of knowledge production, and to assess new directions for the field.
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Дисертації з теми "Poverty Conceptions"

1

Monson, Jason McLeod. "Hunger is the worst disease : conceptions of poverty and poverty relief in Buddhist social ethics." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2013. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4643/.

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The present work addresses the notions of poverty and poverty relief in Buddhist social and economic ethics, comparing them to current approaches to conceptualizing poverty used in the development community. Given the Buddhist preoccupation with ceasing suffering and removing its causes, and the key Buddhist principle of Right Livelihood that is found in the Ennobling Eightfold Path to enlightenment taught by the Buddha, economic ethics appear to be central to the Buddhist path and a concern for the suffering caused by extreme poverty therefore ought to be a key point of concern in Buddhist ethics. Buddhist ethics has developed into a field of study all its own over the last few decades, addressing issues in applied ethics from bioethics to human rights and environmental concerns, but little has been written by virtually any standard on the important topic of poverty relief. The present work makes a step toward filling that gap by examining relevant passages in the Pāli Canon as well as popular and influential Mahāyāna sūtras to demonstrate that a concern for deprivation or non-voluntary impoverishment is evident in key Buddhist doctrines and teachings from the earliest recorded history of the Buddhist tradition. The thesis further discusses the duties to relieve poverty outlined in Buddhist social ethics as well as the development of Buddhist economics and its critique of dominant mainstream economics. It also offers a comparison of Buddhist conceptions of poverty with contemporary notions of poverty, such as the capabilities approach to poverty developed by Amartya Sen and currently in use by the UNDP. In both of these cases poverty is portrayed in a comprehensive and multi-dimmensional manner which views income as only one aspect of poverty. Additionally, this dissertation examines the contemporary Socially Engaged Buddhist movement and identifies historical and contemporary examples of Buddhist poverty relief efforts.
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2

Waldorff, Pétur. "Conceptions of poverty and development in a Malawian village setting." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=99612.

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This thesis is the result of ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Phalombe District in Malawi, Southern Africa, where I studied agricultural development projects in the village of Kachala. The focus of this investigation is on people's perceptions and ideas of development co-operation and the meanings of development and poverty in general. Perceptions of development and poverty among villagers in Kachala are compared to those of development agents working for development organizations in the area. These perceptions are also compared to the definitions of development and poverty found throughout development literature. This research demonstrates - through examples from Phalombe District and elsewhere - how notions of development are relative, diverse and context-specific, and therefore not static and universally applicable. Finally, participatory development ideals and the structurally unequal donor-recipient relationships, at the core of the current development system, are discussed. This thesis illustrates how the common portrayal of development as an oppressive, disempowering industry, characterized by top-down interventions, does not always apply.
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3

Haider, Jutta. "Conceptions of 'Information Poverty' in LIS: An Analysis of Discourses." Tallinn University, Estonia; Royal School of Library and Information Science, Denmark, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105285.

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Notions of 'information poverty' and the "information poor" in LIS are examined from a discourse analytical perspective. Foucault's understanding of discourse, as forming the social reality to which it refers, is outlined and the related concept of the statement, as the basic element of discourse, is introduced. 'Information poverty' is examined as a statement in its relation to other statements in order to highlight assumptions and factors contributing to its construction. The analysis is based on close reading of 35 articles published in LIS journals between 1995 and 2005. Four groups of especially productive discursive procedures and themes are identified and discussed: 1. economic determin­ism, 2. technological determinism and the 'information society', 3. historicising the 'in­ formation poor', 4. the library profession's moral obligation and responsibility.
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Littmarck, Sofia. "Basic Income Grant Towards Poverty Alleviation in Namibia : A discourse analysis of conceptions of poverty and poverty alleviation within the BIG Coalition." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-59873.

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Namibia is one of the most unequal countries in the world and has high rates of poverty. In the thesis the proposal for a basic income grant as a strategy for poverty alleviation in Namibia is analyzed. The study is based on six interviews with the Basic Income Grant Coalition in Namibia and their four publications. The theoretical and methodological framework is Fairclough’s critical discourse analysis and social theory of discourse. Conceptions about the economical and political situation of Namibia in relation to inequality are discussed, as well as the image of the desired citizen in neo-liberal societies. Poverty is conceptualized as a trap where the BIG is regarded as a way out from poverty to a situation of confidence, engagement and economic activity. Contemporary classifications and means testing for social grants are problematized as inefficient and discriminative. The BIG is regarded as right in the context of the big inequalities in Namibia. It is suggested that the BIG Coalition with the proposal for the grant also offers alternative conceptions about Namibia and about the possibilities for change in the situation of poverty.

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Parkin, Anneliese Ruth. "Poverty in the early Roman Empire : ancient and modern conceptions and constructs." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251804.

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6

Dimitriu, Cristian. "Harming the poor: towards a really ecumenical conception of international distributive justice." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú - Departamento de Humanidades, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/112942.

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In this paper I compare and critically evaluate Sreenivasan’s and Pogge’s conceptions of global justice. While Sreenivasan holds that all the currently existing theories of global justice agree that wealthy countries should transfer at least a portion of their wealth to the poor, Pogge claims that all the currently existing theories of global justice agree that wealthy countries should stop harming poor ones in the first place. In this paper I shall try to show (i) that Sreenivasan’s proposal, as presented in his articles, is broad enough to be acceptable by some international distributive justice theories, but not all of them, (ii) that Pogge’s proposal is broader than Sreenivasan, in the sense that it aims to gain support from all the different conceptions of international distributive justice, but it depends on the claim that developed countries are currently harming the global poor—a claim that I will try to defend–, and (iii) that Pogge’s and Sreenivasan’s view are compatible. In fact, if Sreenivasan added Pogge’s central claim of his argument to his own proposal, the scope of theories that he could gain support from would be much broader.
En este artículo comparo y evalúo críticamente las concepciones sobre la justicia global de Sreenivasan y Pogge. Mientras Sreenivasan sostiene que todas las teorías sobre la justicia global actualmente existentes concuerdan en que los países ricos deberían transferir al menos una porción de sus riquezas a los pobres, Pogge reclama que todas las teorías sobre la justicia global concuerdan en que los países ricos deberían dejar de dañar a los pobres en primer lugar. En este artículo, trataré de mostrar (i) que la propuesta de Sreenivasan, como es presentada en sus artículos, es lo suficientemente amplia como para ser aceptable para algunas teorías de justicia internacional distributiva, pero no para todas ellas; (ii) que la propuesta de Pogge es más amplia que la de Sreenivasan, en el sentido de que aspira a obtener sustento en todas las diversas concepciones de justicia internacional distributiva,pero depende de la afirmación de que los países desarrollados dañan actualmentea la pobreza global –una afirmación que intentaré defender–; y (iii) que la visión de Pogge y Sreenivasan son compatibles. De hecho, si Sreenivasan asumiera la afirmación central del argumento de Pogge en su propia propuesta, el alcance delas teorías desde las que él podría ganar sustento sería mucho más amplio.
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Araújo, Cleonice Correia. "Pobreza e programas de transferência de renda: concepções e significados." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2007. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/1525.

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This study presents the outcome of a theoretical and empirical research. The main subject is the poverty and its different conceptions and dimensions. The Programa Bolsa Família is its empirical reference. It is a program of income transfer to poor families being the main strategy to face poverty in Brazil nowadays. The research sought to apprehend the constitutive components of the poverty seen as a social construction from the action of the different social subjects related with the Program: formulators, practitioners, stressing the "beneficiary" point of view. The study reflects about the different explanatory approaches of the poverty, his constitution in the Brazilian thought, seeking to establish a relation with the thought of the subjects of that research. The objective is to find out the conceptions and the present meanings in the relation between the Programa Bolsa Família and the poverty.
Esse estudo tem como foco a questão da pobreza e suas diferentes concepções e dimensões. Tomando como referência o Programa Bolsa Família como um programa de transferência de renda que se constitui na atualidade brasileira como a principal estratégia de enfrentamento à pobreza, a pesquisa buscou apreender os elementos constitutivos da pobreza como uma construção social a partir dos diferentes sujeitos sociais relacionados com o Programa: formuladores, implementadores, com destaque para os “beneficiários”. O estudo reflete sobre as diferentes abordagens explicativas da pobreza, sua constituição no pensamento brasileiro buscando estabelecer uma relação com o pensamento dos sujeitos dessa pesquisa no sentido de desvelar as concepções e os significados presentes na relação entre o Programa Bolsa Família e a pobreza.
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Day, Julie Vyvyan. "The role of faith-based organisations in poverty alleviation in South Africa: challenging Putnam's conception." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/115.

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The number of South Africans that fall beneath “a commonly accepted poverty line” has risen from 17 million in 1996 to 23.5 million in 2008 (CDE, 2008: 6). The escalating poverty levels and the critical shortage of state-driven poverty alleviation programmes have led to the expansion of a space in which civil society organisations are attempting to address South Africa's development deficit. Given the potential and actual influence of such organisations, specifically faith-based organisations (FBOs), in poverty alleviation programmes, coupled with recent debates on the dark side of associational life, this research examines FBOs in terms of Putnam's conception of bonding and bridging social capital. Examining one particular FBO, in which no evidence of bonding social capital or exclusion is found, the research questions Putnam's rather narrow perception. However, strict gate keeping exercises on the part of the FBO, a lack of empirical data and the presence of complex social realities prevent a comprehensive evaluation of the FBO. Unable to prove whether this FBO provides a suitable model for the government to implement or whether the FBO is an appropriate candidate for government to partner with in the fight against poverty, it is proposed that a more wide-scale investigation of the programme and its participants, be conducted.
Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.
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Книги з теми "Poverty Conceptions"

1

David, Ward. Poverty, ethnicity, and the American city, 1840-1925: Changing conceptions of the slum and the ghetto. Cambridge [England]: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

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2

Langley, Ph. Conception et gestion de micro-projets de lutte contre la pauvreté au Bénin: Rapport sur le séminaire régional de formation, Dassa-Zoumé (Zou), 26-30 juin 1995. [Cotonou]: République du Bénin, Ministère du plan et de la restructuration économique, 1995.

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3

Revolutionary doctors: How Venezuela and Cuba are changing the world's conception of health care. New York: Monthly Review Press, 2011.

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4

Taylor, Janet. Australian conceptions of poverty: Reviewing the literature (The Understanding poverty project). Brotherhood of St Laurence, 2000.

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5

Parkin, Anneliese. Poverty in the Early Roman Empire: Ancient and Modern Conceptions and Constructs. Cambridge University Press, 2022.

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6

Ward, David. Poverty, Ethnicity and the American City, 18401925: Changing Conceptions of the Slum and Ghetto (Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography). Cambridge University Press, 1989.

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7

Ward, David. Poverty, Ethnicity and the American City, 18401925: Changing Conceptions of the Slum and Ghetto (Cambridge Studies in Historical Geography). Cambridge University Press, 1989.

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8

Wilde, Ralph. Socioeconomic Rights, Extraterritorially. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198825210.003.0020.

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The chapter offers a critical evaluation of the 2011 Maastricht Principles on the Extraterritorial Obligations of States in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, using the Principles and its associated Commentary as a case study to assess the potential contribution of international human rights in the struggle against global poverty and economic inequality. The case study is used because, on the fundamental bases for obligation—conceptions of “power” and “cooperation” that will be reviewed herein—the Principles and the Commentary reflect how many international legal experts, not only those associated with the Principles, view the general contours of the law in this area. The chapter argues that this view of the law has a very limited potential to transform global economic relations for the better.
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Wright, Almeda M. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190664732.003.0001.

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Young African Americans regularly experience racism, poverty, sexism, violence, and other affronts to their humanity. Though they are often highly active and vocal contributors to their churches, schools, and neighborhood communities, they are often silent about the possibility of God working to address the injustices in their lives. The disconnection between the issues young people face, their community involvement, and their conceptions of God point toward the pervasiveness of “fragmented” spirituality among African American youth. Spiritual fragmentation does not necessarily inhibit healthy development or functioning. However, the African American community and church are at risk if they fail to challenge the myth that the personal and the communal or the spiritual and political are in fact disconnected. But why are African American Christian adolescents experiencing spiritual fragmentation? Is spiritual fragmentation symptomatic of an irreparable chasm between the Black church and Black youth? Or are there other factors at play?
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10

Grabe, Shelly. Critical Reflection of Section One. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190614614.003.0003.

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Situated in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and New York City, with women raped in war and LGBQTGNC folks bearing the brunt of poverty, Section One reveals women’s struggles, hunger for recognition, blows of the State, and solidarities. Lindorfer and Wienberg address feminist evaluation, in a fraught policy arena, on a topic that could not be more dis-easing—rape as a crime of war. They critique human rights research practices and reframe evaluation as the radical praxis of recognition and circulation of stories in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Billies tells a story about feminist activist scholarship and gendered violence, this time woven with vectors of oppression including race, class, disability, immigration, and sexuality. Billies documents the Welfare Warriors Research Collective, where LGBTQGNC researchers gather stories and numbers, exposing their relations with public institutions. Both chapters reflect feminist indictments—of the State, of oppression, and of traditional conceptions of empirical science.
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Частини книг з теми "Poverty Conceptions"

1

Callahan, Carolyn M., and Amy Price Azano. "Overcoming Structural Challenges Related to Identification and Curricula for Gifted Students in High-Poverty Rural Schools." In Conceptions of Giftedness and Talent, 51–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-56869-6_4.

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Grand, Julian Le. "Conceptions of social justice." In Ending child poverty, 65–68. Policy Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.56687/9781847425058-011.

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Walker, Robert. "Cultural Conceptions of Poverty and Shame1." In The Shame of Poverty, 67–84. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199684823.003.0005.

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"Chapter Two. Biblical Conceptions Of Poverty." In Bible and Poverty in Kenya, 31–53. BRILL, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004164628.i-212.12.

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"Chapter Six. Causal Linkages: Biblical Conceptions Of Poverty, State/Society Policy And Poverty Alleviation." In Bible and Poverty in Kenya, 127–57. BRILL, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004164628.i-212.38.

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Kwan Lee, Ching. "Chapter Fourteen. From Inequality to Inequity: Popular Conceptions of Social (In)justice in Beijing." In Creating Wealth and Poverty in Postsocialist China, 213–31. Stanford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780804769877-017.

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Edmiston, Daniel. "Deliberating the structural determinants of poverty and inequality." In Welfare, Inequality and Social Citizenship. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447337461.003.0007.

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Анотація:
Inequalities give rise to divergent experiences and conceptions of social citizenship. In a number of important of respects, the rich really do differ from the poor. In light of the factors contributing towards divergence and disagreement, this chapter explores how, public attitudes can both galvanise and hinder popular support for tackling poverty and inequality. To say that ‘solidarity’ or ‘recognition of mutual vulnerability’ can offer a challenge and tool to tackle inequality is true. However, the general public first need to be effectively sensitised to the causes of as well as the effects of socio-economic stratification. By raising awareness about the structural determinants of socioeconomic outcome and agency, drawing on areas of mutual policy and moral concern, and reformulating the political language surrounding poverty and inequality, it is possible to re-orient public discourse and consciousness in this area. This chapter starts by examining the roots of attitudinal disagreement around poverty and inequality. The subsequent section reflects upon what is known about the determinants of difference and suggests how support for tackling structural inequality might be strengthened. The chapter closes by discussing what implications this has for the health and efficacy of social citizenship in a democratic, institutional and procedural capacity.
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Cavallo, Sandra. "Conceptions of poverty and poor-relief in Turin in the second half of the eighteenth century." In Domestic Strategies, 148–99. Cambridge University Press, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511523564.006.

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9

Wolin, Sheldon S. "Transgression, Equality, and Voice." In Fugitive Democracy, edited by Nicholas Xenos. Princeton University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691133645.003.0003.

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This chapter explores the question of what kind of democracy it is where equal rights are formally guaranteed but where wealth and power are no less concentrated than poverty and powerlessness. It does so by way of a contrast between Athenian democracy, in which the demos was the major actor, and a democracy called “electoral democracy,” or a democracy without the demos. It argues that contemporary democracy contradicts Aristotle's fundamental principle for identifying the distinctive character of a democratic politeia, that each citizen should be on an equality with the rest. Moreover, contemporary democracies are also in contradiction with modern conceptions of democracy, as seen in the adoption of popular sovereignty as its first or defining principle.
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10

Redgwell, Catherine, and Lavanya Rajamani. "And Justice for All? Energy Justice in International Law." In Energy Justice and Energy Law, 48–64. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198860754.003.0004.

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As the World Bank Inspection Panel has pertinently observed, energy activities can bring significant benefits, including bolstering economic development and, ultimately, standards of living, but they can also have ‘adverse effects on the livelihood and environment of communities living in the production areas and near the pipelines’ with social and political conflict rooted in the ‘inequitable social relations that underlie the production and distribution of profits’ and ‘adverse impact on … fragile ecosystem[s]’. (West African Gas Pipeline Project, 2008). More recently, the increasing vogue for privatization of essential services such as energy—and increasing use of Public–Private Partnerships (PPPs)—has been linked with the systematic elimination of human rights protections and further marginalization of the interests of low-income earners and those living in poverty (Special Rapporteur on Extreme Poverty and Human Rights, 2018). The Sustainable Development Goals reflect a potentially uneasy compromise between conceptions of the state as provider—and guarantor of social and economic justice—and ‘mere private sector facilitator’. The purpose of this chapter is to assess the extent to which (and what) notions of energy justice permeate attempts internationally to achieve ‘ecologically sustainable development’ of energy resources.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Poverty Conceptions"

1

Abdiyeva, Raziya. "Social Norms and Tax Culture in Transition Countries: Case of Kyrgyzstan." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c09.02011.

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Taxes are the main financial resource of government. Performance of tax system depends on the willingness of taxpayers to pay taxes or tax morale. Government can use deterrence instruments as tax penalty and size of detection. But socio-psychological factors as attitudes of community towards tax behavior of social norms related taxation can manage and regulate tax compliance more effectively than deterrence instruments. In transition economies as Kyrgyzstan government needs more financial resources to implement economic and social reforms, to decrease poverty and achieve sustainable development. Nowadays government seeks ways to increase tax revenue. Also in the project of the Conception of Fiscal Policy in Kyrgyz Republic for 2015-2020 developed by Ministry of Economy increasing tax morale, tax awareness and consciousness is stated one of the main tasks. Tax morale and tax compliance of taxpayers’ influenced by attitude of community, family and occupational group to taxes. Negative attitude of society to tax evasion can effectively regulate tax evasion and stimulate tax compliance. The aim of this research is to reveal social norms in Kyrgyzstan and to analyze how they influence on tax behavior.
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2

Žnidarič, Davorin. "Trajnostni razvoj in politična pravičnosti." In Society’s Challenges for Organizational Opportunities: Conference Proceedings. University of Maribor Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/um.fov.3.2022.79.

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Анотація:
Due to the negative effects of spatial development, the current social and environmental conditions require unified concepts of solutions aimed at reducing disparities, poverty and increasing various forms of justice. Sustainable development, as the predominant environmental discourse of modern times, has been facing the problem of implementing fundamental guidelines in practice since its establishment in the mid-1980s. The balance of socio-economic, economic and especially environmental indicators, which is still perceived as an unrealizable utopia of modern society due to the inconsistent conception of the concept and action from the position of power, influence of capital and interests of "strong" countries, through narrow economic and political interests. In the prevailing, neoliberal global order, it represents an increase in the influence of partial interests (capital, influential countries, elites) on decision-making (including individual economic and political decisions of governments), departure from original, otherwise good intentions and impulses, changes in social behavior. There are several reasons for the mentioned stagnation and unsuccessful activation of changes in space, and especially global inactivity. The fundamental problem is the lack of political justice, which is a prerequisite for ensuring all other justice (environmental, ecological or social), which leads to reducing equality and differences in society and limiting and ensuring the rights and duties of the individual or the interests of society as a whole.
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3

Himri, Abdelghani, and Emil Göttlich. "Design and Performance Evaluation of an Economical Vertical Axis Wind Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56338.

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Анотація:
Nowadays, ensuring access to energy is one of the serious challenges the world confronts. For those who live in poverty, a shortage of access to energy services desperately influences and undermines health, affects education and development. The problem of energy access for the poor countries has become even more intense because of the impacts of climate change, the global financial crisis and volatile energy prices. Then a use of another sources of energy such as wind power could be a good alternative in these countries. This paper represents a design of a vertical axis wind turbine that will produce an output power of 883 W for 9 m/s wind speed from a synchronous generator. The project involves the design and the sizing of all the components of this wind turbine. Oil barrels will be used as blades, Filippini was one of the first ones who developed a wind turbine architecture with half cylinders. Later, some modifications were introduced which leads to Thiès rotor and C-rotor. A simple design was established to facilitate its implementation and reduce its cost. This wind turbine was designed to be used in developing countries. These facts had led to think about an uncomplicated conception and use accessible and cheap equipment which could be available all over the world. Afterwards, a scaled prototype was realized to make some tests in order to examine its efficiency, some modifications were done to observe the feedback. The procedure of the design of the wind turbine was accomplished from the beginning to the end, no step has been skipped. Later, an estimation of cost was completed. The initial cost remains lower than the cost of a wind turbine in the market. Finally, this wind turbine could be constructed easily with accessible materials. An implementation of this machine in developing countries could help people in their lives. An economical model applied to an African country shows that using one turbine could save about 1400 € per year.
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