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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Porous foam"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 9 листопада 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Porous foam"

Starov, Victor, Anna Trybala, Phillip Johnson, and Mauro Vaccaro. "Foam Quality of Foams Formed on Capillaries and Porous Media Systems." Colloids and Interfaces 5, no. 1 (February 8, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/colloids5010010.

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Foams are of great importance as a result of their expansive presence in everyday life—they are used in the food, cosmetic, and process industries, and in detergency, oil recovery, and firefighting. There is a little understanding of foam formation using soft porous media in terms of the quality of foam and foam formation. Interaction of foams with porous media has recently been investigated in a study by Arjmandi-Tash et al., where three different regimes of foam drainage in contact with porous media were observed. In this study, the amount of foam generated using porous media with surfactant solutions is investigated. The aim is to understand the quality of foam produced using porous media. The effect of capillary sizes and arrangement of porous in porous media has on the quality of foam is investigated. This is then followed by the use of soft porous media for foam formation to understand how the foam is generated on the surface of the porous media and the effect that different conditions (such as concentration) have on the quality of the foam. The quality of foam is a blanket term for bubble size, liquid volume fraction, and stability of the foam. The liquid volume fraction is calculated using a homemade dynamic foam analyser, which is used to obtain the distribution of liquid volume fraction along with the foam height. Soft porous media does not influence substantially the rate of decay of foam produced, however, it decreases the average diameter of the bubbles, whilst increasing the range of bubble sizes due to the wide range of pore sizes present in the soft porous media. The foam analyser showed the expected behaviour that, as the foam decays and becomes drier, the liquid volume fraction of the foam falls, and therefore the conductivity of foam also decreases, indicating the usefulness of the home-made device for future investigations.

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Johnson, Phillip, Mauro Vaccaro, Victor Starov, and Anna Trybala. "Foam Formation and Interaction with Porous Media." Coatings 10, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10020143.

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Foams are a common occurrence in many industries and many of these applications require the foam to interact with porous materials. For the first time interaction of foams with porous media has been investigated both experimentally and theoretically by O. Arjmandi-Tash et al. It was found that there are three different regimes of the drainage process for foams in contact with porous media: rapid, intermediate and slow imbibition. Foam formation using soft porous media has only been investigated recently, the foam was made using a compression device with soft porous media containing surfactant solution. During the investigation, it was found that the maximum amount of foam is produced when the concentration of the foaming agent (dishwashing surfactant) is in the range of 60–80% m/m. The amount of foam produced was independent of the pore size of the media in the investigated range of pore sizes. This study is expanded using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), which has the same critical micelle concentration as the commercial dishwashing surfactant, where the foam is formed using the same porous media and compression device. During the investigation, it was found that 10 times the critical micelle concentration (CMC) is the optimum concentration for a pure SDS surfactant solution to create foam. Any further increase in concentration after that point resulted in no further mass of foam being generated.

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Agbedor, Solomon-Oshioke, Donghui Yang, Jianqing Chen, Lei Wang, and Hong Wu. "Low-Temperature Reactive Sintered Porous Mg-Al-Zn Alloy Foams." Metals 12, no. 4 (April 18, 2022): 692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12040692.

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By using carbamide granules as the space holder, Mg alloy foams with interconnected pore structures were synthesized by reactive sintering of a mixture of Mg, Al and Zn powders. The effect of Zn/Al on the microstructural evolution and compressive strength of porous Mg-9Al-xZn (x = 1, 5) alloy foams was investigated. The phase diagram simulation approach was used to determine the sintering temperature. The analysis results show that the formation of binary secondary phases or intermetallic compounds is a crucial factor in achieving bonding strength for the porous Mg alloy foams. The intermetallic compounds were formed by solid-state diffusion between the metal powder elements. Mg17Al12 intermetallics was the most stable compound formed in the cell walls of porous Mg alloy foams. The addition of Zn influences the solubility and stability of the intermetallic compound. Thermodynamic calculations show that Mg17Al12 was preferentially formed in the cell walls owing to its high negative enthalpy energy. Moreover, various metastable transition phases may exist in the microstructures, especially in the porous Mg-9Al-5Zn alloy foam. The intermetallic phases act as reinforcing phases, combined with grain refinement, significantly increasing the strength of the foam. At the given relative density of 0.42, the porous Mg-9Al-5Zn alloy foam exhibits the highest yield strength of 9.0 MPa, which is 23% higher than the strength of the porous Mg-9Al-1Zn alloy foam.

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Yamada, Yasuo, Takumi Banno, Yun Cang Li, and Cui E. Wen. "Anisotropic Mechanical Properties of Nickel Foams Fabricated by Powder Metallurgy." Materials Science Forum 569 (January 2008): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.569.277.

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In the present study, porous nickel foam samples with pore sizes of 20 μm and 150 μm and porosities of 60 % and 70 % were fabricated by the space-holding sintering method via powder metallurgy. Electron scanning microscopy (SEM) and Image-Pro Plus were used to characterise the morphological features of the porous nickel foam samples. The anisotropic mechanical properties of porous nickel foams were investigated by compressive testing loading in different directions, i.e. the major pore axis and minor pore axis. Results indicated that the nominal stress of the nickel foam samples increases with the decreasing of the porosity. Moreover, the foam sample exhibited significantly higher nominal stress for loading in the direction of the major pore axis than loading in direction of the minor pore axis. It is also noticeable that the nominal stress of the nickel foams increases with the decreasing of the pore size. It seems that the deformation behaviour of the foams with a pore size in the micron-order differs from those with a macro-porous structure.

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Shih, Albert J., and Zhenhua Huang. "Three-Dimensional Optical Measurements of Porous Foams." Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering 128, no. 4 (February 26, 2006): 951–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2194556.

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The optical, noncontact stereovision system and data analysis procedure are developed for the measurement of porous foams. The stereovision measurement system has demonstrated the capability to capture both the micro-scale features and the macro-scale shape of both the open-cell and closed-cell porous foams. A computational procedure, denoted as the grid method, is developed to identify representative planes on the porous foam surface using the stereovision measured data points. The relative positions between planes can be used to calculate the angles and distances between porous foam surfaces. A SiC open-cell and an aluminum closed-cell foams are used as examples to validate the grid method and demonstrate its computational efficiency. This research enables the form measurements and geometrical dimensioning and tolerancing of porous foams for quality control and assembly and contact analysis.

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Douarche, Frederic, Benjamin Braconnier, and Bernard Bourbiaux. "Foam placement for soil remediation: scaling foam flow models in heterogeneous porous media for a better improvement of sweep efficiency." Science and Technology for Energy Transition 78 (2023): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/stet/2023036.

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If injected with a large gas fraction, foam reduces mobility more in high-permeability layers and diverts flow to low-permeability layers. Here is a qualitative statement that has been claimed many times in many works related to environmental remediation and oil recovery. It is so true and relevant for foam flow in porous media and yet so little quantified and even less exploited in Darcy-scale numerical simulation. After briefly reviewing opportunities and challenges related to the use of foams in porous media and its Darcy-scale implicit-texture and population-balance modelling, we make a detour out of the strict framework of mathematical models by revisiting with a fresh eye the physics of foams on the large scale of heterogeneous natural porous media in terms of scaling laws. Specifically, it has been recently shown experimentally and theoretically that foam mobility reduction scales approximately as the square root of rock permeability within the framework of Darcy-type implicit-texture foam flow models [Douarche et al. (2020) Scaling foam flow models in heterogeneous reservoirs for a better improvement of sweep efficiency (Paper ThB04), in:17th European Conference of the Mathematics of Oil Recovery (ECMOR), Edinburgh, Scotland, 14–17 September; Gassara et al. (2020) Trans. Porous Media 131, 1, 193–221]. This also appears to hold for population-balance models under the local steady state assumption. This quantitative scaling law for the effect of permeability on foam properties was inferred from an analogy between foam flow in porous media and foam flow in capillary tubes and was found consistent with the modelling of available experimental data. We demonstrate by varying the permeability contrast and anisotropy of a stack of porous layers how foam regulates the flow and leads to flow diversion from high- to low-permeability layers. The threshold in permeability heterogeneity for which such a foam-driven diversion becomes effective is quantified through a sensitivity study accounting for foam injection type, permeability heterogeneity and anisotropy, heterogeneity structure, and scaling procedure. The simulations carried out clearly indicate that ignoring mobility reduction dependence on permeability in the foam process assessment of heterogeneous formations leads to an underestimation of mobility reduction benefits to improve flow conformance. The question of cores selection, as this rock-typing strategy in relation to the porous medium characterization may guide a smart and optimal design of pre-feasibility laboratory campaign for foam evaluation, and the generalization of the findings to multi-facies geological formations are also discussed. As such, the use of physical foam mobility reduction scaling law is highly recommended for foam process evaluation.

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Wong, Pei-Chun, Sin-Mao Song, Pei-Hua Tsai, Muhammad Jauharul Maqnun, Wei-Ru Wang, Jia-Lin Wu, and Shian-Ching (Jason) Jang. "Using Cu as a Spacer to Fabricate and Control the Porosity of Titanium Zirconium Based Bulk Metallic Glass Foams for Orthopedic Implant Applications." Materials 15, no. 5 (March 3, 2022): 1887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15051887.

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In this study, a porous titanium zirconium (TiZr)-based bulk metallic foam was successfully fabricated using the Cu spacer by employing the hot press method. TiZr-based bulk metallic foams with porosities ranging from 0% to 50% were fabricated and analyzed. The results indicate that thermal conductivity increased with the addition of Cu spacer; the increased thermal conductivity reduced the holding time in the hot press method. Moreover, the compressive strength decreased from 1261 to 76 MPa when the porosity of the TiZr-based bulk metallic foam increased to 50%, and the compressive strength was predictable. In addition, the foam demonstrated favorable biocompatibility in cell viability, cell migration capacity, and calcium deposition tests. Moreover, the pore size of the porous TiZr-based bulk metallic foam was around 120 µm. In conclusion, TiZr-based bulk metallic foam has favorable biocompatibility, mechanical property controllability, and porous structure for bone ingrowth and subsequent enhanced osteointegration. This porous TiZr-based bulk metallic foam has great potential as an orthopedic implant to enhance bone healing and decrease healing time.

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Thanh, Tram Nguyen Xuan, Michito Maruta, Kanji Tsuru, Alireza Valanezhad, Shigeki Matsuya, and Ishikawa Kunio. "Fabrication of Calcite Foam by Inverse Ceramic Foam Method." Key Engineering Materials 529-530 (November 2012): 153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.529-530.153.

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We have previously reported that calcite foam that had interconnected porous structure could be prepared by ceramic foam method and it transformed to carbonate apatite (CO3Ap). In the ceramic foam method, polyurethane sponge was used as a template. The polyurethane sponge was immersed in the ceramics slurry, and the strut of the polyurethane foam was covered by ceramic powder. After that it was dried and sintered at high temperature. Calcite foams produced by this approach were comprised of a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected porous structure that facilitated cell penetration. However, all foams have a common limitation: the inherent lack of mechanical strength associated with high porosity. Therefore, in this study, an inverse ceramic foam method was studied; multi polyurethane coating method using polyurethane foam as a template. In this study, the compressive strength was improved by an inverse replication allowed for decreasing porosity while at the same time maintaining the interconnectivity. The burnable synthetic resin coating layer was introduced onto struts of polyurethane foam to make the triangular struts become more round and thick, consequently producing large round capillary within the foam structure fulfilling the requirement for osteoblast colonization. In particular, polyurethane foam was dipped orderly into two monomers, followed by centrifugation to remove excess liquids inside foam. After resin curing, a layer of synthetic resin was coated strut of foam. Calcium hydroxide Ca (OH)2 slurry was then infiltrated into resin coated-polyurethane foam. By firing at 600°C in O2-CO2 stream, polyurethane template was burnt off and Ca (OH)2 was converted into calcite. Negative replicated calcite foam was fabricated and characterized micro-structurally with interconnectivity and improved mechanical strength. The results obtained in this study suggested that this method dramatically improved the mechanical strength of the calcite foam without sacrificing the interconnected structure, and this means that the calcite foam obtained in this method could be precursors for the 3D interconnected porous CO3Ap foam.

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Wong, Wai Yee, Ahmad Fauzi Mohd Noor, and Radzali Othman. "Sintering of Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Scaffold Using Polyurethane Template." Key Engineering Materials 694 (May 2016): 94–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.694.94.

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Porous beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramic has been reported as synthetic graft for cancellous bone substitute due to its biocompatibility and biodegradability properties. A highly porous and interconnected porosity architecture of bone scaffold facilitates attachment and in-growth of new bone tissue. β-TCP foam, a porous 3-dimensional scaffold was fabricated by employing polymeric foam replica method in this study. Polyurethane (PU) foam was used as the sacrificial template, in which β-TCP slurry with powder to water ratio of 10g:10ml was coated on PU template and sintered to 1100, 1200, 1250 and 1300°C. Observation on architecture of the foam, macrostructure and microstructure of pores and surface topography of porous strut showed that sintering at 1250°C produced sufficient densification of grains and micropores on the β-TCP strut. The β-TCP foams exhibited high porosity (92 – 97%) and large pore size (200 - 750um) that resemble cancellous bone structure.

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Xiong, Jian Yu, Yun Cang Li, Yasuo Yamada, Peter D. Hodgson, and Cui E. Wen. "Processing and Mechanical Properties of Porous Titanium-Niobium Shape Memory Alloy for Biomedical Applications." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 1689–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.1689.

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Ti-26 at.%Nb (hereafter Ti-26Nb) alloy foams were fabricated by space-holder sintering process. The porous structures of the foams were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The mechanical properties of the Ti-26Nb foam samples were investigated using compressive test. Results indicate that mechanical properties of Ti-26Nb foam samples are influenced by foam porosity. The plateau stresses and elastic moduli of the foams under compression decrease with the increase of their porosities. The plateau stresses and elastic moduli are measured to be from 10~200 MPa and 0.4~5.0 GPa for the Ti-26Nb foam samples with porosities ranged from 80~50 %, respectively.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Porous foam"

Osei-Bonsu, Kofi. "Foam-facilitated oil displacement in porous media." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/foamfacilitated-oil-displacement-in-porous-media(f2b2e93b-3a9b-41fa-a841-f81b271e8fad).html.

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Foam flow in porous media is important for many industrial operations such as enhanced oil recovery, remediation of contaminated aquifers and CO2 sequestration. The application of foam in these processes is due to its unique ability to reduce gas mobility and to divert gas to low permeability zones in porous media which otherwise would not be reached. To achieve optimum success with foam as a displacing fluid in oil recovery and remediation operations, it is essential to understand how different parameters influence foam flow in porous media. In this thesis, a variety of experimental techniques were used to study foam stability, foam rheology as well as the dynamics and patterns of oil displacement by foam under different boundary conditions such as surfactant formulation, oil type, foam quality (gas fraction) and porous media geometry. Bulk scale studies showed that foam stability was surfactant and oil dependant such that decreasing oil carbon number and viscosity decreased the stability of foam. However, no meaningful correlation was found between foam stability at bulk scale and the efficiency of oil displacement in porous media for the various surfactants studied in this work. Additionally, our results show that foams consisting of smaller bubbles do not necessarily correspond to higher apparent viscosity as the foam quality is also crucial. For the same foam quality decreasing bubble size resulted in higher apparent viscosity. Although in theory a higher apparent viscosity (i.e. higher foam quality) would be ideal for displacement purposes, increasing foam quality resulted in less stable foam in porous media due to formation of thin films which were less stable in the presence of oil. The effect of pore geometry on foam generation and oil displacement has also been investigated. Our findings provide new insights about the physics and complex dynamics of foam flow in porous media.

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Armitage, Paul. "Foam flow through porous media : a micromodel study." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46650.

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Gabbrielli, Ruggero. "Foam geometry and structural design of porous material." Thesis, University of Bath, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.507759.

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Alvarez, Martinez José Manuel. "Foam-flow behavior in porous media : effects of flow regime and porous-medium heterogeneity /." Digital version accessible at:, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.

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Rodeheaver, Bret Alan. "Open-celled microcellular themoplastic foam." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/18914.

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Yeates, Christopher. "Multi-Scale Study of Foam Flow Dynamics in Porous Media." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS023/document.

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Pour ce travail, nous utilisons un micromodèle à haute complexité et à structure fixe pour faire une série d’expériences en variant la vitesse d’injection, la qualité de la mousse, les distributions de taille de bulles d’injection, et la méthode d’injection. Nous mettons en œuvre un suivi individuel de bulles pour associer les propriétés d’écoulement aux propriétés de taille de bulles ainsi que les caractéristiques structurelles du milieu poreux. Nous proposons de nouveaux outils pour décrire l’écoulement d’un point de vue global et local de différentes manières. Nous établissons des comportements spécifiques à chaque taille de bulle, en montrant que les bulles des mousses piégées sont plus probables d’être de taille inférieure aux tailles de bulles moyennes, alors que les mousses en mouvement accèdent elles-mêmes à différents chemins d’écoulement selon les tailles de bulles. Les bulles plus volumineuses s’écoulent en majorité dans des chemins préférentiels à haute vitesse, généralement parallèles au gradient de pression, mais les petites bulles sont transportées en supplément à l’intérieur de chemins transversaux liant les chemins préférentiels. Ailleurs, pour nos données nous démontrons l’importance supérieure de la fraction de mousse piégée vis-à-vis de la densité de bulles quant à l’explication microscopique de la viscosité apparente, malgré une contribution des deux. Nous caractérisons structurellement les zones piégées à répétition, comme étant soit des zones à faible coordination de pore, de faible taille de seuil d’entrée, d’orientation de seuil désavantageuse, ou une combinaison de ceux-ci. Les zones à fort écoulement échappent à une caractérisation en termes de paramètres de structure locale et nécessitent une considération de l’information des différents chemins traversant la totalité du modèle. À ce but, afin de décrire les zones à fort écoulement, nous développons un modèle générant des chemins, utilisant une représentation en graphe du milieux poreux, basé sur une décomposition initiale en pores et seuils, qui intègre seulement les notions de taille de seuil et d’orientation de seuil relatif au gradient de pression pour caractériser les chemins
In this work, we use of a high-complexity micromodel of fixed structure on which we perform a series of experiments with varying injection rates, foam qualities, inlet bubble size distributions and injection methods. We perform individual bubble tracking and associate flow properties with bubble size properties and structural characteristics of the medium. We propose new tools describing the local and global flow in different ways. We establish specific behaviors for different bubble sizes, demonstrating that trapped foams are more likely to have smaller than average bubble sizes, while flowing bubbles also tend to segregate in different flow paths according to bubble size. Larger bubbles tend to flow in high-velocity preferential paths that are generally more aligned with pressure gradient, but smaller bubbles tend to access in supplement transversal paths linking the different preferential paths. Furthermore, for our data we establish the pre-eminence of the trapped foam fraction over bubble density within the microscopic explanation of apparent viscosity, although both contribute to some degree. We structurally characterize consistently trapped zones as areas with either low pore coordination, low entrance throat size, unfavorable throat orientation or a combination thereof. High-flow zones however cannot be characterized in terms of local structural parameters and necessitate integration of complete path information from the entire model. In this regard, in order to capture the high-flow zones, we develop a path-proposing model that makes use of a graph representation of the model, from an initial decomposition into pores and throats, that uses only local throat size and throat orientation relative to pressure gradient to characterize paths

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Yeates, Christopher. "Multi-Scale Study of Foam Flow Dynamics in Porous Media." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS023.

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Kim, Dae Whan. "Convection and flow boiling in microgaps and porous foam coolers." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/7446.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2007.
Thesis research directed by: Mechanical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.

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Mauray, Alexis. "Etude des propriétés de transport de mousse dans des modèles de milieux poreux." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAI120/document.

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En récupération assistée du pétrole (EOR), des mousses sont injectées dans des milieu poreux pour améliorer l’efficacité de l’extraction. L’intérêt est d’éviter les digitations visqueuses, la mousse possédant une forte viscosité effective à faible nombre capillaire (Ca). Les mousses sont produites par co-injection de gaz et de solutions aqueuses de tensio-actifs. Cette thèse se propose de comprendre les mécanismes de formation et de transport de mousse en milieu poreux à travers un micromodèle hétérogène fabriqué en NOA. Les études de formation de mousse sont envisagées de deux manières. La première consiste à étudier une co-injection de deux fluides dans un milieu poreux grâce à un jet généré au centre du système. Cette expérience nous permet de constater qu’une dispersion des deux phases est visible pour des nombres capillaire d’injection plus grand que 10-5. Une deuxième expérience d’injection directe d’un train de bulle dans un milieu poreux montre que les bulles se divisent jusqu’à atteindre un diamètre proche de la taille des pores, pour des Ca suffisamment importants. Par ailleurs, nous avons étudié les propriétés de transport d’une mousse dans un milieu poreux. Des mesures directes montrent que la pression générée par l’écoulement peut être jusqu’à 3000 fois plus importante que la pression due à de l’eau à même débit d’injection pour Ca=10-6. Ce rapport diminue fortement avec le nombre capillaire. Une analyse des chemins parcourus par observation directe souligne que pour des faibles débits relatifs de gaz, seuls quelques chemins sont actifs. Il se trouve cependant qu’une augmentation de Ca ou du débit relatif de gaz conduisent à une homogénéisation du balayage de la mousse dans le milieu. A travers différents modèles de simple canaux droits à section constante ou variable, nous notons que la différence de pression créée par une seule bulle suit la loi de Bretherton en Ca^{2/3}. Cependant, la présence de constrictions conduit à l’existence d’un seuil en pression en-dessous de Ca=2.10-4, et donne lieu à des écoulements intermittents. Enfin, nous présentons des observations de formation et transport de mousse en présence d’huile. Nous constatons alors que la présence d’huile n’a pas d’impact notable pour la solution de tensio-actifs, que ce soit sur la formation ou le transport
In enhanced oil recovery (EOR), foams are injected in porous media to improve oil recovery efficiency. The objective is to limit viscous fingering thanks to the high effective viscosity of the foam at low capillary number Ca. Foam is produced by the co-injection of a gas and a solution of surfactants. This thesis focuses on foam formation and transport mechanisms in model porous media using a heterogeneous micromodel made in NOA. Foam formation is studied using two different approaches. The first one consists in studying a co-injection of two fluids thanks to a jet flowing in the center of the system. This experiment shows that the less wetting fluids is dispersed in the other one when the capillary number is higher than 10-5. A second set of experiments is conducted by injected a pre-formed train of big bubbles in model a porous media. The bubbles divide until they reach a diameter of the order of to the pore size, for high enough capillary numbers Ca. Besides, we studied the transport properties of foam in similar model porous media. Direct measurements show that the pressure drop induces by the flow can be at Ca=10-6 as high as 3000 times the pressure corresponding to water injected at the same injection flow rate. This ratio decreases with capillary number. An analysis of the preferential paths by direct observations shows that, for low relative gas flow rate, only a few paths are active. However, an increase of the capillary number or if relative gas flow rate leads to a homogenization of the flow in the medium. Thanks to different simple models of straight or wavy channels, we measure that the pressure drop induced by a single bubble is in good agreement with Bretherton’s law, and scales as Ca2/3. However, in wavy channels the pressure drop due to a single bubble deviates from this prediction and exhibits a plateau at Ca lower than 10-4. In this regime, the motion of the bubble is usually intermittent. Finally, we focus on foam formation and transport properties in presence of oil. Our observations lead to the conclusion that for our setup and surfactant formulations, oil has a negligible influence

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Barari, Farzad. "Metal foam regenerators : heat transfer and pressure drop in porous metals." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/6366/.

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Open pore metal foams with moderate porosity (0.6 – 0.7) may be of interest as regenerators due to their high volumetric heat capacity and large specific surface area. Replication process is a low cost and simple foam manufacturing method which provides moderate porosity metal foams. Due to its simplicity, it provides many opportunities to investigate the effect of porosity, pore size and shape or their combination. In this study, this process was used to manufacture metal foams. A method, called vacuum-gas, was the standard method for manufacturing metal foams in the University of Sheffield Material Science and Engineering department. This method was further investigated and two new methods, gas-only and mechanical infiltration, were introduced. Based on the foams produced by these methods, the gas-only method was adopted due to its repeatability and quality. The method was further investigated by manufacturing eight more samples (1.4-1.7 mm pore size) under various infiltration pressures and the optimum infiltration pressures were found for manufacturing foams with pore size of 1-1.1 mm, 1.4-1.7 mm and 2.0-2.36 mm. A total of nine aluminium metal foams were manufactured for thermal and pressure testing. The manufactured foams had three different pore sizes, 1-1.1 mm (called Small samples), 1.4-1.7 mm (called Mid samples) and 2-2.36 mm (called Large samples). On average foams had porosity in the range of 0.62 – 0.65. Since this type of metal foams never been tested as a regenerator, two extra samples (a packed bed of 10000 2mm ball bearing and a packed bed of 100 layers of wire mesh No. 200) were made to compare with the manufactured foams and the results from other researchers. A test rig was built to test the pressure drop under steady state flow condition from 1 to 6.5 m/s (permeability based Reynolds number from 20 to 175). The extended Darcy-Forchheimer equation and a cubic velocity of Darcy-Forchheimer were used to measure the permeability and form drag of the samples. The results showed that the cubic velocity equation had a better prediction of the permeability and form drag. The Small samples had the lowest permeability and highest form drag coefficient for metal foams. The wire mesh sample had the lowest permeability and lowest form drag among the tested samples. In addition to steady state flow, samples pressure drop was also measured under oscillatory flow. A test rig was built to measure pressure drop and air instant velocity under oscillatory flow (1 to 19 Hz). The results showed that the oscillatory pressure drop was higher than steady state flow except for the Small samples which had higher pressure drop at steady state flow. The pressure drop for the wire mesh sample was measured to compare with other researchers data and a good agreement was observed with some of the published data. Moreover, the instant air velocity was measured by a hot-wire anemometer inside the connecting tube between the sample holder and the compressor. The results showed that the air velocity behaved like a turbulent flow during the acceleration and deceleration period. A single-blow test rig was designed and manufactured to measure thermal performance of the samples. To estimate the average heat transfer coefficient of the samples, several types of the single-blow models were studied and the extended Schumann-Hausen model was implemented for predicting the samples’ outlet air temperature history. Two matching techniques, maximum gradient and direct curve matching were used to match the experimental and modelled outlet temperatures history to estimate samples’ NTU and average heat transfer coefficient. The results showed that NTU increased with decreasing of pore size. Based on mass flow rate Mid samples had the highest h, however the difference between the metal foam samples were insignificant. The foam samples had higher heat transfer coefficient than the ball bearing sample but the wire mesh sample had the highest heat transfer coefficient. The heat transfer results for the wire mesh and ball bearing samples were compared with published data and good agreements were observed.

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Книги з теми "Porous foam"

Perkowitz, S. Universal foam: From Cappuccino to the cosmos. New York: Walker & Co., 2000.

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Aharonov, Einat. Solid-fluid interactions in porous media: Processes that form rocks. [Woods Hole, Mass: Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Joint Program in Oceanography/Applied Ocean Science and Engineering, 1996.

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Vipin, Kumar, American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Materials Division., and International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (1998 : Anaheim, Calif.), eds. Porous, cellular and microcellular materials: Presented at the 1998 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, November 15-20, 1998, Anaheim, California. New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998.

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Vipin, Kumar, American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Materials Division., and International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition (2000 : Orlando, Fla.), eds. Porous, cellular and microcellular materials 2000: Presented at the 2000 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, November 5-10, 2000, Orlando, Florida. New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000.

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Meeting, Royal Society (Great Britain) Discussion. Engineered foams and porous materials: Papers of a discussion meeting issue organised and edited by Anthony Kelly ... [et al.]. London: The Royal Society, 2006.

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Dukhan, Nihad, ed. Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Porous Metals and Metallic Foams (MetFoam 2019). Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42798-6.

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Olagunju, M. O. A study of efficient recovery of liquid from fine air-liquid mists of the form generated in gas turbine bearing chambers using a rotating porous disc. London: University of East London, 1998.

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Carey, Neil. Masks of the Koranko Poro: Form, function, and comparison to the Toma. Amherst, MA: Ethnos Publications, 2007.

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Timchenko, Tat'yana, and Evgenia Filatova. Customs clearance of container shipping. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/01886-6.

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The study guide in an accessible form addresses the main issues regarding the specifics organization of container shipping; the basic concepts of freight forwarding services are presented with an indication of the regulatory framework governing this type of activity; features of the procedure customs clearance and customs control of the arrival / departure of container ships in sea Russian ports, as well as cargo transported by these courts. The book will quickly get basic knowledge of the subject, as well as qualitatively prepare for the final certification. Recommended for students studying in specialty "Customs", as well as other economic specialties and directions.

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Частини книг з теми "Porous foam"

Rossen, William R. "Foam in Porous Media." In Foams and Emulsions, 335–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9157-7_20.

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Shirley, Arthur I. "Foam Formation in Porous Media." In ACS Symposium Series, 234–57. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1988-0373.ch012.

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Flumerfelt, Raymond W., and John Prieditis. "Mobility of Foam in Porous Media." In ACS Symposium Series, 295–325. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-1988-0373.ch015.

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Benali, Benyamine. "The Flow of Supercritical CO2 Foam for Mobility Control." In Album of Porous Media, 94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23800-0_76.

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Rose, Lauren, Natalia Shmakova, Natalya Penkovskaya, Benjamin Dollet, Christophe Raufaste, and Stéphane Santucci. "Quasi-Two-Dimensional Foam Flowthrough and Around a Permeable Obstacle." In Album of Porous Media, 93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23800-0_75.

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Atteia, Olivier, Henri Bertin, Nicolas Fatin-Rouge, Emily Fitzhenry, Richard Martel, Clément Portois, Thomas Robert, and Alexandre Vicard. "Application of Foams as a Remediation and Blocking Agent." In Advances in the Characterisation and Remediation of Sites Contaminated with Petroleum Hydrocarbons, 591–622. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34447-3_17.

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AbstractFoam consists of a mixture of water loaded with surfactant and gas. Injected into the porous medium, foam has many useful properties for soil remediation. The properties of surfactants facilitate the mobilization of pollutants, and the presence of gas greatly reduces the consumption of reagents but also makes it possible to block the passage of water. The foam rheology also leads to specific effects such as the stabilization of the front. This chapter first describes the characteristics of the foam in air and then in the porous medium. Subsequently, a review of the literature on the experiments carried out in the laboratory makes it possible to highlight all the effects of the foam. The following section is devoted to rare foam injection experiments carried out in a real environment. Finally, a section is devoted to the modeling of foam displacement in a porous medium.

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Kovscek, A. R., and C. J. Radke. "Fundamentals of Foam Transport in Porous Media." In Advances in Chemistry, 115–63. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ba-1994-0242.ch003.

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Guo, Feng, and Saman A. Aryana. "Foam Flooding in a Heterogeneous Porous Medium." In Advances in Petroleum Engineering and Petroleum Geochemistry, 65–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01578-7_16.

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Dünger, Udo, Herbert Weber, and Hans Buggisch. "A Simple Model for a Fluid-Filled Open-Cell Foam." In Porous Media: Theory and Experiments, 269–84. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4579-4_17.

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Tram, N. X. T., M. Maruta, K. Tsuru, S. Matsuya, and K. Ishikawa. "Hydrothermal Conversion of Calcite Foam to Carbonate Apatite." In Advances in Bioceramics and Porous Ceramics VI, 59–65. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118807811.ch5.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Porous foam"

Randall, O., I. Tsitsimpelis, D. Folley, A. Kennedy, and M. J. Joyce. "A Porous Metal Foam Collimator for Robotic Tasks." In 2024 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium (NSS), Medical Imaging Conference (MIC) and Room Temperature Semiconductor Detector Conference (RTSD), 1. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nss/mic/rtsd57108.2024.10655806.

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Gauglitz, P. A., F. Friedmann, S. I. Kam, and W. R. Rossen. "Foam Generation in Porous Media." In SPE/DOE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/75177-ms.

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Chacko, Z. "Thermal Conductivity of Steel-Steel Composite Metal Foam through Computational Modeling." In Porous Metals and Metallic Foams. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644903094-3.

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Abstract. Thermal capabilities of Steel-Steel composite metal foam (CMF) against extremely high temperatures using computational methods have been investigated and contrasted with the characteristics of the base bulk steel materials. A physics-based three-dimensional model of CMF was constructed using Finite Element Analysis software for analyzing its thermal conductivity. The model built and analyzed in ANSYS Fluent was based on high temperature guarded-comparative longitudinal heat flow technique. ANSYS Fluent allows for the inclusion of air in the model, which is the main contributor to the low thermal conductivity of CMF compared to its constituent material. The model's viability was checked by comparing the computational and experimental results, which indicated approximately 2% deviation throughout the investigated temperature range. Excellent agreement between the experimental and computational model results shows that the CMF can be first modeled and analyzed using the proposed computational technique for the desired thermal insulation application before manufacturing. Based on the ratios of the matrix to the spheres and the thickness of the sphere walls, CMF can be tailored to the density requirements and then checked for its thermal performance using the model, thereby lowering the cost involved in its manufacturing and thermal characterization experiments.

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Cance, J. C. "Characterization of 316L Stainless Steel Composite Metal Foam Joined by Solid-State Welding Technique." In Porous Metals and Metallic Foams. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644903094-2.

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Abstract. In previous studies, composite metal foams (CMF) have shown exemplary mechanical performance under impact which has made them prime candidates for protection of transported passengers and cargo. [1] Materials utilized in such applications often require joining to form structures and geometries that are far more complex or impossible to produce in an as-manufactured state. Welding methods are popular in the joining of metals with solid-state welding processes such as induction welding being of particular interest in the studies to be discussed. In this study, various thicknesses of 316L stainless steel CMF are manufactured through powder metallurgy technique and welded using Induction Welding. The mechanical properties of the weldments were studied through uniaxial tensile tests while microstructural characterization of the weldment within the joint interface and heat-affected zone (HAZ) are evaluated using scanning electron microscopy. The combination of these evaluations grant insight on the effects of various weld parameters (e.g., welding temperature, workpiece thickness, flux, and welding environment) as well as the suitability and restrictions of induction welding in the joining of 316L Stainless Steel CMF.

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Amoafo-Yeboah, N. T. "Surface Emissivity Effect on the Performance of Composite Metal Foam against Torch Fire Environment." In Porous Metals and Metallic Foams. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644903094-1.

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Abstract. According to the US Department of Transportation (DOT), there are millions of liters of hazardous materials (HAZMATS) transported each year via railroad. This has translated to stringent safety measures taken to alleviate the effects of accidents involving tank cars carrying these HAZMATs. One of such measures is in the creation of the thermal protection system of tank cars in which the tank car must have sufficient thermal resistance when subjected to a simulated pool fire for 100 mins and a torch fire for 30 mins without its back plate temperature exceeding 427 ºC at any point of time. This requires a suitable material as a thermal blanket and insulation in tank car lining. Steel-steel composite metal foam (S-S CMF) is a novel metal foam with unique properties of high strength to density ratio, lightweight, and high energy absorption. It consists of metallic hollow spheres that are closely packed within a metal matrix. The large percentage of air within the hollow spheres provide both lightweight and insulating effects for CMF. S-S CMF is being investigated using the standard torch fire test requirement to determine its suitability as a material for tank car thermal protection. This is accomplished by developing a numerical model using the Fire dynamics simulator (FDS) as a form of validation for experimental work done. To properly evaluate this, there are various thermal properties of S-S CMF that need to be established for predicting CMF’s thermal response. Surface emissivity has been a challenging property to evaluate and hence this study focuses on developing an experimental and numerical procedure in evaluating this property for composite materials such as CMF. Preliminary data shows an acceptable prediction of emissivity, which will be applied to the FDS model for the torch fire test.

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Liu, Dianbin, L. M. Castanier, and W. E. Brigham. "Displacement by Foam in Porous Media." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/24664-ms.

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Rakesh, M. "Numerical Investigation on Deformation Behavior of Aluminium Foams with in situ Composite Particles." In Porous Metals and Metallic Foams. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644903094-6.

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Abstract. Metal foams are cellular solids with high stiffness, high strength and superior energy absorption capacity. In liquid metallurgy, foams are processed by foaming the molten metal with the addition of foaming agents and stabilized by the presence of particles which also strengthen the cell walls. An analysis of the deformation behaviour of foams in the presence of these stabilizing particles is essential to the mechanism of energy absorption. In the present study, the effect of the particle distribution on the deformation behaviour of the closed-cell aluminium foams was investigated using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) in Abaqus© software. The experimental data were used to model the distribution of particles in the matrix and the foam model. The simulation results were validated with the experimental results. The uniform distribution of particles in the matrix resulted in lower stress concentration and enhanced the mechanical performance of composite material and the metal foam.

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Mare, Esmari. "Analytical Determination of the Geometrical Properties of Open-Celled Metal Foams Under Compression." In Porous Metals and Metallic Foams. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644903094-5.

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Abstract. Several studies in the literature have been devoted to the permeability prediction of metal foams, including that involving the Representative Unit Cell (RUC) model. The RUC modelling approach is an attractive modelling method due to the simple rectangular geometry, as well as its satisfying performance in comparison to other models and experimental data as proven elsewhere in the literature for porous media. The subject of compression of metal foams has been addressed elsewhere in the literature, but this study is the first to involve an all-inclusive analytical model where both streamwise and transverse compression are accounted for. The Darcy and Forchheimer permeability coefficients of the compressed foam (or three-strut) RUC model are presented. Furthermore, a geometric approach requiring measured geometric parameters and a combined geometric-kinetic approach involving measured permeability coefficients are included for determining the specific surface area. Geometric parameters required to determine the permeability and specific surface area predictions using the compressed foam RUC model include the uncompressed porosity, pore dimension and strut diameter, as well as the compression factor. The model is evaluated through comparison with available experimental data and empirical models obtained from the literature for compressed metal foams. The compressed RUC model predictions produce expected tendencies of geometrical parameters of metal foams under compression and the comparison with experimental data reveal satisfactory results.

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Kovscek, A. R., T. W. Patzek, and C. J. Radke. "Simulation of Foam Transport in Porous Media." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/26402-ms.

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Hong, Jung Hwa, Soojin Lee, Jun-Mo Hong, Yoon-Keun Bae, Seung-Kwon Kim, and Joonghee Kim. "Porous Elastic Behavior of Open-Cell Foam." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/980965.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Porous foam"

Zhang, Z. F., Vicky L. Freedman, and Lirong Zhong. Foam Transport in Porous Media - A Review. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1016458.

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Kovscek, A. R., T. W. Patzek, and C. J. Radke. Simulation of foam displacement in porous media. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10192495.

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Kovscek, A. R., and C. J. Radke. Fundamentals of foam transport in porous media. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10192736.

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Cohen, D., T. W. Patzek, and C. J. Radke. Mobilization of trapped foam in porous media. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/285487.

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Liu, Dianbin, and W. E. Brigham. Transient foam flow in porous media with CAT Scanner. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5573805.

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Liu, Dianbin, and W. E. Brigham. Transient foam flow in porous media with CAT Scanner. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10132657.

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Kovscek, A. R., and C. J. Radke. A comprehensive description of transient foam flow in porous media. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10103735.

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Cohen, D., T. W. Patzek, and C. J. Radke. Experimental tracking of the evolution of foam in porous media. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/274165.

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Bergeron, V., M. E. Fagan, and C. J. Radke. A generalized entering coefficient to characterize foam stability against oil in porous media. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10192717.

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Bergeron, V., M. E. Fagan, and C. J. Radke. Generalized entering coefficients: A criterion for foam stability against oil in porous media. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10192744.

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