Готові списки джерел за темами / Polar Science

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Polar Science"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Polar Science"

Leshner, A. I. "Celebrating Polar Science." Science 315, no. 5818 (March 16, 2007): 1465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1141969.

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Riddihough, G. "Polar Bear, Polar Bear." Science 327, no. 5972 (March 18, 2010): 1430–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.327.5972.1430-d.

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Symons, T. H. B. "Canada and polar science." Polar Record 30, no. 175 (October 1994): 311–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003224740002458x.

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Hand, E. "Polar explorer." Science 352, no. 6293 (June 23, 2016): 1508–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.352.6293.1508.

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Daniel Steel, G. "Polar, social, science: a reflection on the characteristics and benefits of the polar social sciences." Polar Journal 5, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/2154896x.2015.1046277.

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Kintisch, E. "Polar Satellites Pared." Science 312, no. 5779 (June 9, 2006): 1453b. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.312.5779.1453b.

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Parfitt, T. "Russia's Polar Hero." Science 324, no. 5933 (June 11, 2009): 1382–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.324_1382a.

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Hurtley, S. M. "DEVELOPMENT: Polar Coordinates." Science 298, no. 5592 (October 11, 2002): 325b—325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.298.5592.325b.

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Ferguson, Laura. "Polar policy making: Two ethnographic accounts of Polar field scientists interacting with Polar governance and policy." International Sociology 34, no. 5 (September 2019): 552–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268580919870455.

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This review article discusses the recent publications Studying Arctic Fields by Richard C Powell and The Technocratic Antarctic by Jessica O’Reilly. Both books are ethnographic accounts of scientists working in the Polar Regions that analyse interactions at the science–policy interface. Studying Arctic Fields is a detailed story of Canada’s Resolute research station, based on immersive ethnographic observation and communicated through an engaging narrative of colourful stories from Powell’s two summers among the scientists and support staff there. The Technocratic Antarctic treads new ground in its examination of Antarctic social science, presenting the findings of a wide-ranging and thorough research project that engages with the themes of territory, security, processes, practice, problems and science communication. Both publications make valuable contributions to Polar social science and will also appeal to many beyond this.

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Anonymous. "National polar radio science consortium." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 72, no. 42 (October 15, 1991): 452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/eo072i042p00452-03.

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Дисертації з теми "Polar Science"

Riddolls, Ryan James 1974. "Structure of the polar electrojet antenna." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/16945.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 153-156).
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Field experiments were performed in Gakona, Alaska in August and November 2002. The ionospheric conductivity was periodically perturbed using amplitude-modulated radiation from the HAARP HF transmitter (1 MW power, 14 dB gain, 3.3-5.8 MHz carrier, 0.1-40 kHz modulation). The conductivity perturbations lead to perturbations to the natural flow of electrojet current in the lower ionosphere, resulting in ELF/VLF radiation at the modulation frequency. Measurements of the radiation, along with analytic and numerical models, suggest that a vertical loop with a scale size of 10 km is the dominant current structure excited during the experiments.
by Ryan James Riddolls.
Ph.D.

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Ba, Demba Elimane. "Nonlinear transform coding with lossless polar coordinates." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/37937.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-52).
In conventional transform coding, the importance of preserving desirable quantization partition cell shapes prevents one from considering the use of a nonlinear change of variables. If no linear transformation of a given source would yield independent components, this means having to encode it at a rate higher than its entropy, i.e. suboptimally. This thesis proposes a new transform coding technique where the source samples are first uniformly scalar quantized and then transformed with an integer-to-integer approximation to a nonlinear transformation that would give independent components. In particular, we design a family of integer-to-integer approximations to the Cartesian-to-polar transformation and analyze its behavior for high rate transform coding. Among the benefits of such an approach is the ability to achieve redundancy reduction beyond decorrelation without limitation to orthogonal linear transformations of the original variables. A high resolution analysis is given, and for source models inspired by a sensor network application and by image compression, simulations show improvements over conventional transform coding. A comparison to state-of-the-art entropy-coded polar quantization techniques is also provided.
by Demba Elimane Ba.
S.M.

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Schild, Ingrid. "The politics of international collaboration in Polar research." Doctoral thesis, University of Sussex, 1996. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-42850.

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This thesis investigates the tension between science and politics in contemporary polar research. Twin objectives underpin this central theme. The first is to investigate the relationship between science and politics when analysed through an understanding of international collaboration in Arctic and Antarctic research. The second is to gain an understanding of the nature of research collaboration as an important mode of working in modern science. A framework for analysing collaboration as a work process is proposed. The empirical research interprets how and why polar researchers collaborate. This is done by investigating a number of collaborative projects with reference to their policy and political context. Three countries with contrastive polar political interests were chosen within which to conduct the empirical work: the UK, Norway and Germany. Science logistics (the means of supporting research in the field, e.g. transport, research platforms) are identified as the most significant enabling factor in experimental polar research. They also perform a symbolic political role for governments. In the three countries forming the focus of this study, science logistics are controlled bygovernment polar research institutes which also house multidisciplinary research programmes. Logistics are traced to the heart of collaboration; they bring researchers together, and shape the nature of collaborative research. Differences in ease of access to national logistics structure collaboration. The interface between these politics of access andnational political agendas is blurred, owing to the central role played by logistics in both science and politics. However, the apparent conflict between scientists' careers and polar politics masks the finding that scientists shape their careers in creative ways, despite, or perhaps because of the constraints imposed by structural conditions. Viewing science as work reveals the importance of taking account of what scientists do when analysing the relation between science and politics.

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Jin, Menglin. "Interpolation of surface radiative temperature measured from polar orbiting satellites to a diurnal cycle." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282883.

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The land surface skin temperature diurnal cycle (LSTD) is very important for the understanding of surface climate and for evaluating climate models. This variable, however, cannot be obtained globally from polar-orbiting satellites because the satellites usually pass a given area twice per day and because their infrared channels cannot observe the surface when the sky is cloudy. In order to more optimally use the satellite data, this research is designed, for the first time, to solve the above two problems by advance use of remote sensing techniques and climate modeling. Specifically, this work is divided into two parts. Part one deals with obtaining the skin temperature diurnal cycle for cloud-free cases. We have developed a "cloud-free algorithm" to combine model results with satellite and surface-based observations, thus interpolating satellite twice-daily observations to the diurnal cycle. Part two studies the cloudy cases. The "cloudy-pixel treatment" presented here is a hybrid technique of "neighboring-pixel" and "surface air temperature" approaches. The whole algorithm has been tested against field experiments and climate model CCM3/BATS in global and single column mode simulations. It shows that this proposed algorithm can obtain skin temperature diurnal cycles with an accuracy of 1-2 K at the monthly pixel level.

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Walsh, Stephen Anthony. "Between the Arctic & the Adriatic: Polar Exploration, Science & Empire in the Habsburg Monarchy." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13070045.

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Exploration was a defining aspect of how European societies encountered and established relations with the wider world. It set the stage for worldwide empires and laid the foundations for understandings of planetary existence. Exploration facilitated the exchange of commodities and ideas, the migration of peoples and the construction of scientific knowledge. This dissertation examines the nexus between ice and imperium through a study of how citizens of the Habsburg Monarchy contributed to polar exploration. In the long nineteenth century, the two main objects of European exploration were Africa and the polar regions. In the former, the dynamic between exploration and empire was fairly straightforward. But how did imperialism function in the frozen, uninhabited, latitudes of the world? This question becomes more problematic for the Habsburg Monarchy, a multinational polity with eleven officially recognized languages, and a self-professed empire that was the one European "Great Power" at the time without overseas colonies. This dissertation analyzes how the symbology and practice of polar exploration was used in the service of sundry - and frequently contradictory - political projects, including various nationalist activisms, Habsburg loyalism, and the liberal politics of notables. The analysis incorporates a case study in the convoluted road between discovery and empire, Franz Josef Land, the northernmost terrain in Eurasia, discovered by an Austro-Hungarian expedition in 1873. This dissertation then traces fractures within the Austro-Hungarian culture of exploration, as explorer/scientists could reach little consensus on the goals and practices for expeditions to the farthest latitudes of the globe. Finally, it examines how the rise of mass-data driven inductive sciences, such as geomagnetism, caused a fundamental redefinition in the practice of polar research toward a model of corporate, coordinated scientific effort and transnational cooperation. With the emergence of nation states and colonial empires, the basic frameworks of sovereignty, legitimacy and political meaning were changing and this study highlights how Habsburg subjects contributed to these modernization processes. In so doing, it brings to light neglected but lasting aspects of nineteenth century imperialism and treats both nationalism and empire as research problems rather than given ends.
History

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Davis, Jason Michael. "Reconsidering Antarctic Bioprospecting through Territorialities of Science, Property, and Governance." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1299535648.

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Becerra, Patricio, and Patricio Becerra. "The Poles of Mars, Past and Present: A High-Resolution Observational Study of the Martian Polar Regions and their Connection to Climate." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/621066.

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The poles of Mars, much like Earth's polar regions, are covered by kilometer-thick sheets of ice that interact with the Martian atmosphere and can record climatic changes in their stratigraphy. These polar caps are composed of several icy sections that interact with the Martian environment over different timescales. This dissertation describes my investigation of two of these units: The South Polar Residual Cap (SPRC), and the North Polar Layered Deposits (NPLD). The overarching theme of my work is to explore the connections between these caps and the current (SPRC) and past (NPLD) climate of Mars using a wide variety of data from spacecraft missions, and applying numerical models of surface properties and processes to interpret the observations. The SPRC is a ~10 meter thick slab of bright carbon dioxide ice that is covered by pits and scarps formed by differential sublimation. It is unclear whether this cap is in a state of net accumulation or net ablation. During the summer of Mars Year 28 (2006/2007), The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) observed an apparent increase in brightness near the edges of these pits that had not been seen before, and was not seen in the few years following. I analyzed hundreds of images from HiRISE and the Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC), as well as data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) to search for compositional and/or grain-size changes in the ice that could explain these "halos". I coupled my observations with numerical modeling of the spectral reflectance of the ice, to explore the effects of different ice grain sizes and minuscule dust inclusions on the observed brightness. I concluded that the features were caused by the occurrence of a global dust storm, after which the depositing dust actually acted to darken the SPRC. The halos were thus areas that had been kept relatively "clean" of the depositing dust, thanks to winds driven by enhanced sublimation from the pit walls. The fact that the halos did not show up in subsequent years means that they had not been exhumed, and that flat areas of the SPRC are in a state of net accumulation. It is likely that events like these result in new flat surfaces formed by snowfall driven by the depositing dust, which could explain the persistence of the cap throughout history. The polar layered deposits (PLD) are kilometer-thick stratified dome structures composed of dusty water ice that make up the bulk of the polar caps. The layers that make up the PLD are thought to record climatic variations over timescales of millions of years, in a similar way to Earth's ice caps. These caps are dissected by deep troughs that allow us to observe outcrops of their internal layers and map the stratigraphy. In the past, researchers have done this using layer brightness. However, remotely observed brightness has been shown to be affected by many external factors and may not represent an intrinsic property of the layers. Using Digital Terrain Models (DTM) made from HiRISE stereo images of NPLD outcrops, I mapped the change with depth of each layer's topographic protrusion from the scarp slope, defining the stratigraphy with a property related to the layers' resistance to erosion. I mapped the protrusion stratigraphy of 16 sites throughout the NPLD, and correlated the stratigraphic profiles from a subset of these sites, with Context Camera (CTX) images and signal-matching algorithms. This correlation combined topographic information with brightness information, resulting in an improvement of the current state of stratigraphic mapping of the NPLD, providing further evidence that layer sequences are continuous across the NPLD, and setting lower limits on relative accumulation rates for large sections of the cap.In order to search for a connection between the Martian paleoclimate and the NPLD stratigraphic record, I identified overlapping periodicities in the stratigraphic structure and compared them to periodicities in the climatic history, represented by the change in insolation with time at the North Pole over the last 5 Myr. I found that the ratio of stratigraphic wavelengths is systematically lower than the ratio between dominant modes of oscillation of the north polar insolation. However, a similar wavelet analysis of synthetic stratigraphic profiles created with a simple climate-driven model of accumulation revealed that a detectable non-linear relationship exists between the variation of insolation on the North Polar region of Mars and the stratigraphic record preserved in the NPLD. The dissertation is organized into four principal chapters and one final chapter with concluding remarks and future directions. Chapter 1 gives an introduction to Mars' polar regions and to the history of research in astronomically forced climate change through cyclostratigraphy, along with a short summary of the scope and main questions of this study. Chapter 2 details my study of the SPRC halos. Chapter 3 deals with the stratigraphic mapping of the NPLD through high-resolution topography, and Chapter 4 presents the results of my search for an astronomical forcing signal in the NPLD stratigraphy. Chapter 2 was published in the journal Icarus, in a special issue on the dynamic geologic processes of Mars and the science learned from continuous monitoring of these processes through remote sensing. Chapter 3 has been accepted for publication in the Journal of Geophysical Research. A modified version of Chapter 4 will be submitted to Nature Geoscience.

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Mancini, Duane Joseph. "Large Scale Synthesis of Amphiphiles for Biological Use and Analytical Profile of Polar Extracts from Mastic Gum." University of Toledo Health Science Campus / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=mco1404224303.

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Okunev, Oleg. "Observations and modeling of polar faculae on the sun." Doctoral thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=975320157.

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Finnie, Sean McIlwain. "Wheat polar lipids : sources of variation among near-isogenic wheat lines with different endosperm hardness." Diss., Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1384.

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Книги з теми "Polar Science"

Launius, Roger D., James Rodger Fleming, and David H. DeVorkin, eds. Globalizing Polar Science. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230114654.

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Polar rearrangements. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.

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Globalizing polar science: Reconsidering the International Polar and Geophysical years. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

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1964-, Lubin Dan, ed. Polar remote sensing. Berlin: Springer, in association with Praxis Publishing, 2004.

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Helen, Fields, Lippsett Lonny, Nevala Amy, and Powell Hugh D. W, eds. Science on ice: Four polar expeditions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011.

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Survivor's science in the polar regions. Chicago, IL: Raintree, 2005.

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Polar Explorations. Detroit: Lucent Books, 2011.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Committee to Review NASA's Polar Geophysical Data Sets., ed. Enhancing NASA's contributions to polar science: A review of polar geophysical data sets. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 2001.

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Lourie, Peter. The polar bear scientists. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Books for Children, 2012.

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Do polar bears get lonely?: And 101 other intriguing science questions. Toronto: Penguin Canada, 2009.

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Частини книг з теми "Polar Science"

Rothenberg, Marc. "Making Science Global? Coordinated Enterprises in Nineteenth-century Science." In Globalizing Polar Science, 23–35. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230114654_3.

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Conway, Erik M. "The International Geophysical Year and Planetary Science." In Globalizing Polar Science, 331–42. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230114654_18.

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Weik, Martin H. "polar coordinate." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1293. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_14248.

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Weik, Martin H. "polar diagram." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1293. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_14249.

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Weik, Martin H. "polar operation." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1298. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_14279.

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Weik, Martin H. "polar relay." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1298. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_14280.

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Weik, Martin H. "polar transmission." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1298. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_14281.

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Dennis, Michael Aaron. "A Polar Perspective." In Globalizing Polar Science, 13–22. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230114654_2.

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Launius, Roger D., James Rodger Fleming, and David H. DeVorkin. "Introduction: Rise of Global Scientific Inquiry in the International Polar and Geophysical Years." In Globalizing Polar Science, 1–9. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230114654_1.

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Lüdecke, Cornelia. "Approaching the Southern Hemisphere: The German Pathway in the Nineteenth Century." In Globalizing Polar Science, 159–75. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230114654_10.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Polar Science"

et al., Scientific Committee. "First European Polar Science Week." In European Polar Science Week 2020. European Space Agency, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/epsw20.

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During the high-level opening session, John Bell, European Commission Director, Directorate General Research & Innovation, European Commission, and Josef Aschbacher, ESA Director praised the cooperation between the EC and ESA, in the context of the Earth System Science Arrangement. They confirmed their willingness to advance towards a better coordination and integration of EC and ESA activities in Polar research. The European Union has been funding a significant number of Polar projects as part of the Framework programmes for Research and Innovation. In 2015, the funding of the EU-PolarNet project was instrumental as it enables stakeholders to coordinate activities across Europe. EU-PolarNet has delivered a number of key outputs among which the Integrated European Research Programme (EPRP). This report is the result of a process involving many players identifying key research and knowledge gaps, feeding into European Commission’s policy making. The launch of the new EU-PolarNet 2 project during the conference showed the willingness of the EU to sustain these coordination efforts. EU-PolarNet 2 will play a key role to reinforce the science to policy interface and to increase coordination of polar research activities at European level, with a better understanding of what is done at national level. EU-PolarNet 2 will also lead the coordination of the EU Polar Cluster in close cooperation with the ESA Polaractivities. The EU Polar Cluster, launched in 2016, has been extending in terms of number of projects (21 projects and 2 initiatives) and it confirmed its objective to reinforce cooperation across projects on a number of areas of common interest. Transnational cooperation of all involved actors (researchers and stakeholders) and European-wide coordination of Polar research efforts are decisively important, particularly in tackling major societal challenges such as climate change. Scientific knowledge has to be appropriately disseminated to inform policymakers with a high level of expertise and to support evidence-based policy making. The projects from the ESA Polar Cluster confirmed the need to work closer with the EU funded projects. This is fully supported by ESA, which launched a call for tender to facilitate innovative scientific developments through collaborative research and networking opportunities in the Polar research domain and in particular between the ESA and EU Polar Clusters.

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Ye, Jun. "Cold and Ultracold Polar Molecules." In Laser Science. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ls.2008.lwe1.

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DeMille, D., J. Sage, S. Sainis, and T. Bergeman. "Optical production of ultracold polar molecules." In Laser Science. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ls.2005.lwg5.

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Kleinert, J., C. Haimberger, P. J. Zabawa, and N. P. Bigelow. "A TWIST for ultracold, polar molecules." In Laser Science. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ls.2007.lthd3.

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Gubbin, Christopher R., and Simone De Liberato. "Impact of Nonlocality on Polar Nanophotonics." In CLEO: QELS_Fundamental Science. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_qels.2021.ftu2k.7.

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Shen Bin, Qi Dangjin, Fan Liuqun, and Zhu Zhihao. "5-axis circumference milling's polar problem and polar interpolation algorithm." In 2011 IEEE International Conference on Computer Science and Automation Engineering (CSAE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csae.2011.5952833.

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Bisoi, S. K., and P. Janardhan. "Solar polar fields during cycle 24: An unusual polar field reversal." In 2019 URSI Asia-Pacific Radio Science Conference (AP-RASC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ursiap-rasc.2019.8738457.

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Bigelow, N. P., C. Haimberger, J. Kleinert, M. Tscherneck, and M. E. Holmes. "Production of Cold Polar Molecules by Photoassociation." In Laser Science. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ls.2005.lwd4.

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Meijer, Gerard. "Manipulating Polar Molecules: Traps, Synchrotrons and Chips." In Laser Science. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ls.2008.lwj1.

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Voelker, Richard P., Alexander Sutherland, Harold Owen, Paul Olsgaard, Jim Holik, James W. St. John, Aleksandr Iyerusalimskiy, and David B. Karnes. "New Generation Polar Research Vessel." In SNAME 7th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice. SNAME, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2006-103.

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In 2003, the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) initiated a program to determine the national requirements for polar marine science in the Antarctic and to assess vessel characteristics for a new generation Polar Research Vessel (PRV). This paper describes the results of that investigation. Science requirements included a need for year-round operations covering a wide range of diverse activities in geographic areas currently inaccessible. These requirements were followed by a series of technical studies that provided an assessment of vessel size, hull form, and power plant to successfully operate in 1.4 m (4.5 ft) level ice.

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Heiberg, Andreas. Polar Science Support. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada610069.

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Heiberg, Andreas. Polar Science Support. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627625.

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Heiberg, Andreas. Polar Science Support. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada389677.

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ALASKA UNIV FAIRBANKS GEOPHYSICAL INST. Establishing the National Polar Radio Science Consortium. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada279230.

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Kennedy, Edward J., A. L. Snyder, and James A. Secan. The 2010 Polar Aeronomy and Radio Science (PARS) Summer School. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada554880.

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Vieira, Gonçalo, Maria Teresa Cabrita, and Ana David. Portuguese Polar Program: Annual Report 2019. Centro de Estudos Geográficos, Universidade de Lisboa, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33787/ceg20200002.

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This Annual Report of the Portuguese Polar Program, PROPOLAR reports the main activities conducted between August 2018 and December 2019 The PROPOLAR is led by the CEG/IGOT University of Lisbon, under a Coordinating Committee that includes members of other 4 Portuguese research institutions CCMAR University of the Algarve, MARE University of Coimbra, CQE University of Lisbon, and CIIMAR University of Oporto The Program is funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia MCTES FCT) as a development of its former Polar Office The activities herein disclosed reflect a very busy and inspiring year The PROPOLAR supported fifteen projects that were successfully carried out in the Arctic and Antarctica Logistics continued to be based on international cooperation and on a Portuguese funded Antarctic flight open to partner programs Logistical support in Antarctica was mainly provided by Spain, Chile and the Republic of Korea, also with strong cooperation in research and facilities with Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Peru, Turkey, United States of America and Uruguay Participation in international meetings and workshops, as well as the organisation of a symposium and an international meeting, and the support provided to the Portuguese Conference on Polar Science, fulfilled and enriched this very active period, also helping to reinforce the credibility and relevance of the program in the international polar arena B ringing together all these efforts and resources will surely attract and mobilise more young researchers into a Polar scientific career, thus ensuring the future of the Portuguese Polar science, and that the program will continue to blossom We are confident that the successes that PROPOLAR has had in 2019 will serve as an impetus for our very dynamic and committed community of polar researchers to move forward in in vesting in the future of the Portuguese P olar science and preparing to seize new opportunities

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Cabrita, Maria Teresa, Ana David, and Gonçalo Vieira. Portuguese Polar Program Annual Report 2020. Centro de Estudos Geográficos, Universidade de Lisboa, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33787/ceg20210001.

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The Portuguese Polar Program - PROPOLAR is funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia ( based at Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território ( of the University of Lisbon ( The coordination of PROPOLAR is led by the Centro de Estudos Geográficos from Instituto de Geografia e Ordenamento do Território University of Lisbon (CEG/IGOT ULISBOA), under a Coordinating Committee that includes members from 4 other research centres, namely the Centro de Ciências do Mar University of Algarve (CCMAR UALG), the Centro de Ciências do Mar e do Ambiente University of Coimbra (MARE UC), the Centro de Química Estrutural from Instituto Superior Técnico University of Lisboa (CQE/IST ULISBOA), and the Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental University of Oporto (CIIMAR U PORTO) Gonçalo Vieira (CEG/IGOT ULISBOA) is the Head of the program The remarkable effort and commitment of the Portuguese Polar scientists, within the framework of the International Polar Year ( 2007 08 were key to promote awareness of the importance of Polar science and research for Portugal A strategic plan encompassing three main objectives was then set out to i creating a Portuguese Polar Program focused on polar research and innovation and supporting the young generation of Polar scientists,scientists,( signing the Antarctic Treaty, and ( implementing a national Polar education and outreach program With the support of the FCT, PROPOLAR started in 2007 Portugal ratified the Antarctic Treaty in 2010 and the Madrid Protocol in 2014 and has established liaisons with major international Polar scientific and management organisations and networks PROPOLAR in close connection with the FCT, has ensured consolidation and sustainability of the development of Portuguese Polar science

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Woods, John, Carl Hager, Todd Valentic, Ignatius G. Rigor, and Pablo Clemente-Colon. Enhancement of the United States Naval Academy (USNA) Polar Science Program (PSP). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada601065.

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Lever, James, Allan Delaney, Laura Ray, E. Trautman, Lynette Barna, and Amy Burzynski. Autonomous GPR surveys using the polar rover Yeti. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43600.

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The National Science Foundation operates stations on the ice sheets of Antarctica and Greenland to investigate Earth’s climate history, life in extreme environments, and the evolution of the cosmos. Understandably, logistics costs predominate budgets due to the remote locations and harsh environments involved. Currently, manual ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys must preceed vehicle travel across polar ice sheets to detect subsurface crevasses or other voids. This exposes the crew to the risks of undetected hazards. We have developed an autonomous rover, Yeti, specifically to conduct GPR surveys across polar ice sheets. It is a simple four-wheel-drive, battery-powered vehicle that executes autonomous surveys via GPS waypoint following. We describe here three recent Yeti deployments, two in Antarctica and one in Greenland. Our key objective was to demonstrate the operational value of a rover to locate subsurface hazards. Yeti operated reliably at −30 ◦C, and it has good oversnow mobility and adequate GPS accuracy for waypoint-following and hazard georeferencing. It has acquired data on hundreds of crevasse encounters to improve our understanding of heavily crevassed traverse routes and to develop automated crevasse-detection algorithms. Importantly, it helped to locate a previously undetected buried building at the South Pole. Yeti can improve safety by decoupling survey personnel from the consequences of undetected hazards. It also enables higher-quality systematic surveys to improve hazard-detection probabilities, increase assessment confidence, and build datasets to understand the evolution of these regions. Yeti has demonstrated that autonomous vehicles have great potential to improve the safety and efficiency of polar logistics.

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Priscu, John. A Proposal submitted to Biological Systems Science Division of DOE requesting Participant Support Costs for the Fifth International Conference on Polar and Alpine Microbiology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1167577.

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