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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Plates, Iron and steel Testing"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Plates, Iron and steel Testing"

Tsukada, Keiji, Minoru Hayashi, Taisei Kawakami, Shoya Adachi, Kenji Sakai, Toshihiko Kiwa, Toshiyuki Ishikawa, et al. "Magnetic thickness measurement for various iron steels using magnetic sensor and effect of electromagnetic characteristics." AIP Advances 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 035109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/9.0000250.

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The diagnosis and prevention of the deterioration of iron-steel infrastructure has become an important social issue in recent years. The thickness measurement technique (extremely low-frequency eddy current testing (ELECT)) using a magnetic sensor for detecting steel corrosion at extreme frequency ranges has been previously reported. Using the calibration curves based on the correlation between the phase of the detected magnetic signal and the plate thickness, the plate thickness reduction caused by corrosion can be estimated from the detected phase signal. Iron-steel materials have large changes in electromagnetic characteristics; therefore, the reference calibration data for each type of iron-steel are required for plate thickness estimation. In this study, the effect of electromagnetic characteristics on the magnetic thickness measurement was investigated to improve the thickness estimation. Four types of iron-steel plates (SS400, SM400A, SM490A, and SMA400AW) with thicknesses ranging from 1 mm to 18 mm were measured by ELECT, and the phase change at multiple frequencies of each plate were analyzed. The shift in the phase and linearity regions of the calibration curves for each type of steel plate was observed. To analyze this shift phenomenon, the electromagnetic characteristics (permeability μ and conductivity σ) of each type of steel were measured. Compared with the permeability μ and conductivity σ of each steel plate in the applied magnetic field strength range, the product ( σμ) for various steel plates decreased in the following order: SM400 > SS400 >SMA400AW > SM490A. The product of μ and σ is related to the skin depth, indicating the electromagnetic wave attenuation and eddy current phase shift in the material. Therefore, each shift in the calibration curve of each type of iron steel is explained by the changes in the parameters σ and μ.

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Batyrova, A. M. "CORROSION ACTIVITY OF PENOX-1 DISINFECTANT." Problems of Veterinary Sanitation, Hygiene and Ecology 1, no. 1 (2021): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/vet.san.hyg.ecol.202101011.

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One of the most important problems of the national economy is the protection of metal from corrosion, causing great damage to products and structures, shortening their useful life. Taking into account the importance of protecting metal structures of livestock objects from corrosion during disinfection work, the corrosion properties of the new Penox-1 disinfectant have been studied. Studies have shown that the tested drug «Penox-1» has a low corrosion activity in relation to metal products made of aluminum, galvanized iron and stainless steel, compared with the reference drug. Thus, the solution of the Penox-1 preparation reduced the initial weight of metal plates during 24 hours of exposure from aluminum by 0.196 g, which is 7.4%, and the standard preparation by 0.836 g or 32.1%, which is 4.3 times more . Similar data were obtained in a comparative aspect with galvanized iron and stainless steel plates. When examining metal plates after testing in a Penox-1 solution, the color and structure did not change visually and under a microscope. At that time, the plates immersed in a 2% sodium hydroxide solution changed strongly in color and structure, and a yellow-gray corrosive coating appeared.

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Morchhale, Ayush. "Design and Finite Element Analysis of Hydrostatic Pressure Testing Machine used for Ductile Iron Pipes." Mechanical Engineering Research 6, no. 2 (November 28, 2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mer.v6n2p23.

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<p class="1Body">The present work deals with the design, construction and demonstration of a hydraulic pressure testing machine. The machine can be used universally to test a centrifugally cast iron pipe (from 80 to 600 mm diameter) under the applied hydraulic pressure. The developed machine can handle a maximum of 5 MPa pressure for 600 mm diameter pipe. The machine was designed using mild steel flats, plates and bars and was tested under maximum design pressure of 3.5 MPa. Stiffeners were used in proposed design, instead of thick end plates as used by earlier researchers. The modeling of machine was carried out using commercially available SolidWorks 14 and the validation of design was carried out using FE package ABAQUS 6.13. Several trials were carried out on design pressure and precise results of von-Mises stress were obtained well within the specified yield stress limits and significant decrease in total deformation of stiffened end plates. Added stiffeners also resulted in reduced material requirement, weight, higher cost effectiveness and being light in weight helps in easy handling at site.</p>

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Hooper, Jennifer J., Tim Foecke, Lori Graham, and Timothy P. Weihs. "Metallurgical Analysis of Wrought Iron From the RMS Titanic." Marine Technology and SNAME News 40, no. 02 (April 1, 2003): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.2003.40.2.73.

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The discovery of the RMS Titanic has led to a number of scientific studies, one of which addresses the role that structural materials played in the sinking of the ship. Early studies focused on the quality of the hull steel as a contributing factor in the ship's rapid sinking, but experimental results showed that the material was "state-of-the-art" for 1911. Instead, it was suggested that the quality of the wrought iron rivets may have been an important factor in the opening of the steel plates during flooding. Here the quality of RMS Titanic wrought iron is examined and compared with contemporary wrought iron obtained from additional late 19th-/early 20th-century buildings, bridges, and ships. Traditional metallurgical analysis as well as compositional analysis, mechanical testing, and computer modeling are used to understand the variation in the mechanical properties of wrought iron as a function of its microstructure.

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Radu, Tamara, A. Ciocan, L. Balint, and O. Mitoseriu. "Surface Protection of the Steel Sheet with Zn-Fe Alloys." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 985–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.985.

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The Zn-Fe layers are recommended in automotive industry and in the adders for the following qualities: a better weldability than the zinc-coated plates, very good capacities for painting and lacquer wear resistance, good adherence, lower zinc consumption by layer thickness below 100g/m2. Important transformation of phases takes place during heating of galvanized parts due to mass transfer iron in the zinc layer and Zn-Fe alloy is formed. Galvanized steel samples were heated 10-30 sec. at 500-650oC. Heat treated samples were metallographic ally examined and X- ray diffraction tested with a view to establish structural and chemical composition change due to heat treatment. As a result of microscopic examination (both optical and electronic) and X-ray diffraction testing in coating layer were detected phase ratio changes, according to heat treatment parameters. Considering that the physico-chemical and mechanical properties differ for the two phases and phase ratio is to decide the properties of the product; these structural changes are of great importance in practice. The desirable coating would be a Zn-Fe coating with 8-10% Fe (according to some authors, up to 12% Fe), with a structure consisting mainly of  phase and a small quantity of  phase. The mathematical correlation between diffusion phenomena occurring in layer, depending on temperature and time of heat treatment, and iron content of coating are presented.

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Cheiliakh, Oleksandr P., and Irina V. Kolodyazhna. "New Wear-Resistant Metastable Strain Hardenable Alloyed Cast Irons." Key Engineering Materials 457 (December 2010): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.457.267.

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This work addresses an urgent problem which is saving alloying elements (Ni, Mo, Nb, V, W and others) -which very scarce in Ukraine and other countries- while increasing the physical, mechanical and operational properties of the new designed and developed wear-resistant cast irons. Optical microscopy, x-ray structure analysis, transmission and scanning (fracture) electron microscopy methods, different-thermal, magnetometric and x-ray analyses, as well as hardness and micro-hardness tests, impact energy, and abrasive wear tests in environments of cast-iron shots were employed in the research. The work summarizes the controlling conditions for forming various metastable phases by including deformation (or strain) induced phase transformation (DIPT) and through realization in the process of testing. New wear-resistant economical alloyed cast irons with a metastable austenite-carbide and austenite-martensite-carbide structure are developed, which are being strain- hardened under impact-abrasive wearing operation conditions due to the realization of process DIPT in the superficial layer. These new cast irons are intended for manufacturing parts of different equipment (protective plates of sinter machines, furnaces, tracks for transferring raw materials at iron and steel works, etc.). These cast irons do not contain expensive and deficit alloying components, like nickel, molybdenum, vanadium, and more expensive similar materials. Simultaneously they possess enhanced impact-abrasive wear resistance.

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Thompson, S. W. "On the disappearance of fine, disc-like features from thin foils of steel." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 49 (August 1991): 608–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100087355.

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Fine carbide particles form in quenched-and-aged specimens of iron containing a small amount of carbon. Similar precipitation occurs in ferrite grains within dual-phase steels. The particles have been described as discs or loops, typically about 20 run in diameter and 2 nm thick, which lie on ﹛100﹜ planes within ferrite grains. The precipitates are believed to form in association with vacancies and produce increases in hardness and yield strength. Two studies showed that these features disappeared after heating specimens in the transmission electron microscope (TEM), and this note reports further on this phenomenon.Continuously annealed and cold-rolled sheet steel (provided by Inland Steel Company) contained (in wt pet) 0.087 C, 0.97 Mn, 0.27 Si, 0.034 Al, 0.008 S, and 0.005 N. Specimens were intercritically annealed at 770°C for five minutes and quenched in iced water. Tensile testing was conducted within one day of heat treatment, and then specimens were stored at room temperature for about six months. Thin foils were produced by conventional thinning methods and jet polished at 75 V and 80 mA in an electrolyte containing 95% acetic acid and 5% perchloric acid. Specimens were examined in a Philips EM400 operated at 120 kV.

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Rhim, Hong Chul, Dae You Kim, Chang Shik Cho, and Do Hyun Kim. "Effect of Steel Plates on Estimation of the Compressive Strength of Concrete via Ultrasonic Testing." Materials 13, no. 4 (February 17, 2020): 887. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13040887.

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The presence of embedded steel affects the estimates obtained for the compressive strength of concrete during ultrasonic testing, as it increases the ultrasonic wave velocity. Thus, if the presence of steel in concrete is inevitable, then a correction factor is required for an accurate estimation of the concrete strength. While previous studies focused on the effect of steel reinforcing bars on the speed of ultrasonic waves in concrete, this work expands on the significance of embedded steel from steel bars to include steel plates. The wave velocity was measured for varying dimensions of embedded steel plates from 15 mm to 150 mm using 54-kHz ultrasonic testing equipment. Through experiments, the effect of steel plates on the ultrasonic testing of concrete was quantified to derive proper correction factors. It was found that the thickness, depth, and height of the steel plates significantly affected the test results. These findings can be applied to ultrasonic testing to estimate the compressive strength of concrete consisting of a significant volume of steel, such as in steel-reinforced concrete structures.

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Tomášek, Radek, and Vratislav Mareš. "Dynamic Tensile Testing of High Strength Armor Steel Plates." Key Engineering Materials 741 (June 2017): 70–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.741.70.

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In this paper was studied dynamic behavior of the armor steels Armox 500T and Secure 500 by testing specimens in quasi-static tensile test with strain rate 1∙10-3 s-1 and high-speed tensile test within range of intermediate strain rates from 100 s-1 to 400s-1 at the room temperature. Hardness test and quasi-static tensile test confirmed material properties specified by the manufacturer. Stress-strain diagrams showed very low strain-rate hardening effect at investigated strain rates. Total elongation at fracture was larger in case of Armox 500T for the whole strain rate range. Deformation energy density was calculated from the stress-strain curve and temperature rise due to adiabatic heating was estimated. Because of higher total elongation, Armox 500T was able to withstand higher deformation energy.

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Kuruveri, Udaya Bhat, Prashanth Huilgol, and Jithin Joseph. "Aluminising of Mild Steel Plates." ISRN Metallurgy 2013 (February 20, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/191723.

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Hot dip aluminising of low carbon steel was done at temperatures 690°C and 750°C for dipping time ranging from 300 to 2400 seconds. During aluminising a mixture of ZnCl2 and NH4Cl was used as flux. During aluminising components of the flux decomposed and zinc formed interacted with the Fe and Al. The aluminised samples were characterised for iron-aluminium intermetallic layer formation, morphology, and local composition. It was observed that intermetallic layer was predominantly Fe2Al5 and FeAl3 at 690°C and at 750°C coating consisted of FeAl3 layer and a layer with Al/Fe ratio greater than 3.26. For both temperatures, coating thickness increased with increase in time. For a given dipping time, deposition was less at higher temperature and this is attributed to changes in the kinetics of growth of individual layers due to dissolved zinc in the aluminium, at 750°C. Also, spalling of intermetallic layers was observed at elevated temperatures and longer dipping times.

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Дисертації з теми "Plates, Iron and steel Testing"

Yin, Maggie Huaying Materials Science &amp Engineering Faculty of Science UNSW. "Metal dusting of iron and low alloy steel." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Materials Science and Engineering, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25188.

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Metal dusting is a kind of catastrophic corrosion phenomenon that can be observed in several of petrochemical processes. It occurs on iron-, nickel- and cobalt-base metals in carbonaceous atmospheres at high temperature when gaseous carbon activity is higher than one. The process is particularly rapid for ferritic alloys The aim of this project was to compare the dusting kinetics of pure iron and a 2.25Cr-1Mo alloy steel under CO-H2-H2O atmosphere at 650??C. Polished (3??m) samples of iron and the steel were exposed to flowing CO-H2-H2O gas atmospheres at 650??C, when the gases were supersaturated with respect to graphite. The partial pressure of CO was varied between 0.25 and 0.9 atm, and the carbon activity was varied from 2.35 to 16, in order to obtain a series of experimental conditions. In most experiments, pO2 was less than 7.37E-24 atm, and no iron oxide could form. However, Cr2O3 would always have been stable. When exposed to these gases, both iron and steel developed a surface scale of Fe3C which was buried beneath a deposit of carbon, containing iron-rich nanoparticles (the dust). Examination by Scanning Electron Microscopy allowed the observation of fine and coarse carbon nanotubes, and also spiral filaments. However, the morphology of the graphitic carbon was not sensitive to pCO and aC. Moreover, the carbon deposit was gas permeable, allowing continuing gas access to the underlying metal. At a fixed=4.5, the carburizing rate clearly increased with CO content from 0.25 to 0.68 atm. However, increasing the CO content to higher value led to decreased rates, indicating that carburizing rate reaches a maximum value at pCO=0.68 atm. When pCO was fixed at 0.25 atm and 0.68 atm, and carbon activity was varied. The induction period was extended by the formation of protective oxide layers at low values of carbon activity (aC= 2.35 and 2.55) where pO2 exceed the iron oxide formation value. For other reaction conditions, the carbon uptake rate for iron and steel did not increase with aC. The present work showed that the carbon deposition rates were not proportional to pCO or pCOpH2. Instead, the rate was affected by the partial pressure of all three reaction gases, and the carbon uptake rate for both materials could be expressed at r=k1pCOpH2+k2pCO2+k3pH22 and the rate constant k3 has a negative value, corresponding to coke gasification. From XRD analyses, it was found that cementite was the only iron-containing phase in the dusting product. The cementite particles acted as catalysts for carbon deposition from the gas. The same deposition process at the surface of the cementite layer led to its disintegration, thereby producing the particles. This disintegration process was faster on the steel than on pure iron. Consequently, the rates of both metal wastage and coke accumulation were faster for the steel. It is concluded that chromium and molybdenum do not stabilize the carbide but accelerate its disintegration process. It is suggested that Cr2O3 fine particles in the cementite layers provide more nucleation sites in the cementite layer on steel, explaining its more rapid dusting kinetics. However, appropriate methods of proving this assumption, such as TEM and FIB, are required.

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Underwood, Nicholas. "Pulse pressure testing and analysis of steel plates with openings." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/15273/.

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Steel plates are widely used in a variety of civil engineering applications for load bearing structural components, due to their favourable strength to weight ratio. Many of these plates have openings that are commonly used for reducing weight, access for utilities or for inspection in shipping and offshore installations. However the influence of these openings to the structural component’s robustness and resilience against blast loading is relatively unknown, with limited research conducted in this subject to date. Due to the high costs associated with offshore facilities they are typically very congested. This coupled with the producing, processing, storing and transporting of hydrocarbon materials means that explosions and subsequent fires are major hazards with severe consequences. In the event of an explosion, the blast load will initially impact the secondary structure (large spanning plated sections) and then transfer through to the primary structure, highlighting their critical consideration in safety assessments. Plated structures are also known to cause confinement, which in turn will results in higher overpressures, making the consequences of an event more severe. The aim of this research was to investigate the combined influence that openings have on the overpressure and the structural response of thin ductile plates subjected to extreme dynamic transverse loads. This was achieved by conducting a set of well-defined experiments investigating the response of 1/8 scale (0.5 m square) mild steel plates with openings subjected to pulse pressure loading. Six central (scaled) openings were considered; circular (50, 75 and 100 mm) and extended circular (50 by 75, 75 by 100 and 100 by 125 mm) representative of typical offshore and shipping applications. Each plate design was assessed with two boundary conditions (restrained and non-restrained) and two nominal loading conditions. The boundary conditions adopted in this study allowed the response to be bounded, and enabled them to be practicably modelled in FEA-analyses and in the simplified analytical approaches. A pulse pressure test facility was used to generate nominal pulse pressure loads (25 and 50 psi) applied over a time (100 to 200+ ms load duration) representative of extreme explosion loading conditions offshore. All plates exhibited a mode I type failure (large inelastic deformation) highlighting the large reserve strength in such members. The work has shown that the inclusion of an opening (<5% of the exposed panel area) does not significantly degrade the structural resistance when damage is restricted to large inelastic deformation. The reduction in stiffness due to the hole is compensated by the reduced area to which the load is applied. The data generated in the laboratory tests was used to develop and validate finite element models. In general, excellent correlation was observed between the experimental failure modes and the permanent displacements, within an average difference of 12% and 15% for the restrained and non-restrained plates respectively. The finite element models also provided a useful insight into the various failure processes and transient behaviour which could not be observed experimentally. A simplified analytical model was developed to predict the response of the plates and was validated against the experimental data. The results for the permanent displacements compared favourably with the restrained plates at the two nominal pressures (6.5% at 25 psi and 7% at 50 psi), but correlated less well with the non- restrained ones (10% at 25 psi and 3% at 50 psi). Correct definition of support conditions along with a detailed description of the development of plasticity, as shown in the finite element models was fundamental in accurately predicting response of the non-restrained plates. The simplified techniques developed are cost effective compared with more sophisticated finite element methods making them suitable for preliminary engineering design studies. Ultimately this study provides evidence to suggest that small (circular or extended circular) openings positioned away from areas of high stress, could be used as a passive system to mitigate the influences of an explosion event offshore. This has many benefits in the form of reducing weight, reducing confinement (thus lowering overpressures) and reducing the loading applied to these members, and subsequently reducing the loading transferred through to the primary structure.

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Osman, Mahmoud Yassin. "Analysis of rectangular composite plates under static lateral loading." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305779.

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Bienias, Grzegorz. "An experimental investigation of the shear plate connections." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26682.

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In Limit States Design for steel structures, single plate connections are designed to transfer beam shear to supporting member. These connections, with the connection plate shop-welded to the supporting member and field-bolted to the supported beam are becoming increasingly popular due to their economy and ease of fabrication. Single plate connections are very suitable for cases where speed of erection is a primary consideration. They are particularly superior for skewed connections. Traditional design methods which deal with connection problems generally give over-conservative solutions to this complex problem. Two series of experimental investigations of single plate connections for beam-to-girder webs were conducted. A variety of connections were tested to demonstrate their feasibility and to collect data for analytical correlation studies. The ultimate goal of these tests and studies is to devise a rational basis for the design of these connections. This work is part of a comprehensive research project and the reader is referred to other papers (References 1 and 2) for completeness. Based on experimental results and theoretical correlation studies, a modified design formula is proposed in order to predict the ultimate capacity of single plate connections. The formula tries to incorporate the influences of applied loads (shear force, torsional moment, and bending moment), resistance of the single plate connection, skew angle of the connection plate and type of holes (slotted and standard) used in the connection.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Civil Engineering, Department of
Graduate

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Kasonde, Maweja. "Optimising the mechanical properties and microstructure of armoured steel plate in the quenched and tempered condition." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11022006-192139.

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Awang, Mokhtar. "The effects of process parameters on steel welding response in curved plates." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2002. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=2682.

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Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2002.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xiv, 133 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-85).

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Banerjee, Gautam. "Classification of end plate connections with application to gable frames." Thesis, This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-03122009-040618/.

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Gentry, T. Russell. "The use of elastic finite elements in the design of reinforced concrete flat plates." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/21439.

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Alsaket, Yahya. "Benchmark solutions for advanced analysis of steel frames." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 1999. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/36105/1/36105_Alsaket_1999.pdf.

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During the past ten years, considerable research has been conducted with the aim of developing, implementing and verifying "advanced analysis" techniques suitable for the non-linear analysis and design of steel framed structures. With the use of one of these methods, the simplified concentrated methods, comprehensive assessment of the actual failure modes and ultimate strengths of framing systems is now possible in practical design situations, without resort to conventional elastic methods of analysis and semiempirical specification equations. This research has the potential to extend the creativity of the structural engineer and simplify the design process, while ensuring greater economy and more uniform safety in certain design situations. However, the application of concentrated plasticity methods is currently restricted to two dimensional steel frame structures that are fully laterally restrained and constructed from compact sections (i.e. sections not subject to local and/or lateral buckling effects). Unfortunately this precludes the use of advanced analysis from the design of frames consisting of cold-formed sections and a significant proportion of hot-rolled universal beam sections. Therefore research is currently under way to develop concentrated plasticity methods of analysis for steel frame structures subject to local and/or lateral buckling effects. This thesis was aimed at developing appropriate benchmark solutions that are needed to validate these simplified methods of analysis. Finite element analyses and five large scale experiments were conducted in order to study the ultimate strength behaviour of two-dimensional single bay single storey steel frames subjected to local and/or lateral buckling effects. The frames comprised of cold-formed rectangular hollow sections and hot-rolled I-sections. A good agreement between the results from finite element analyses and experiments validated the accuracy of the finite element model used. The finite element model was then used to develop benchmark solutions for two-dimensional single storey, single bay steel frames comprising cold-formed rectangular hollow sections and hot-rolled I-sections subjected to local and/or lateral buckling effects. This thesis presents the details of finite element analyses and large scale experiments and their results, and a series of analytical benchmark solutions that can be used for the verification of simplified concentrated plasticity methods of analysis.

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Oesch, Everett Ralph. "Strength and performance field testing of hybrid HPS bridge A6101 /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p1418053.

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Книги з теми "Plates, Iron and steel Testing"

W, Nichols R., Crutzen S, Programme for the Inspection of Steel Components., Commission of the European Communities. Joint Research Centre. Ispra Establishment., OECD Nuclear Energy Agency, and PISC Symposium (1986 : Varese, Italy), eds. Ultrasonic inspection of heavy section steel components: The PISC II final report. London: Elsevier Applied Science, 1988.

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Škaloud, Miroslav. Experimental research on the limit state of the plate elements of steel bridges. Praha: Academia nakl. Československé akademie věd, 1985.

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Hiser, A. L. Size effects on J-R curves for a 302-B plate. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1989.

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Hiser, A. L. Size effects on J-R curves for a 302-B plate. Washington, DC: Division of Engineering, Office of Nuclear Regulatory Research, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, 1989.

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DeWolf, John T. Column base plates. Chicago, Ill: American Institute of Steel Construction, 2003.

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United States International Trade Commission. Clad steel plate from Japan. Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1995.

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Ultimate limit state design of steel plated structures. Chichster: J. Wiley, 2002.

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United States International Trade Commission. Cut-to-length carbon steel plate from China, Russia, South Africa, and Ukraine. Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1996.

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United States International Trade Commission. Cut-to-length carbon steel plate from China, Russia, South Africa, and Ukraine. Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1996.

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United States International Trade Commission. Cut-to-length carbon steel plate from China, Russia, South Africa, and Ukraine. Washington, DC: U.S. International Trade Commission, 1996.

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Частини книг з теми "Plates, Iron and steel Testing"

Bhat K., Udaya. "Mild Steel Plates: Aluminizing." In Encyclopedia of Iron, Steel, and Their Alloys, 2274–83. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/e-eisa-120052687.

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Scott MacKenzie, D. "Testing Methods: Mechanical Properties." In Encyclopedia of Iron, Steel, and Their Alloys, 3560–93. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/e-eisa-120053061.

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Rao, B. P. C., M. T. Shyamsunder, C. Babu Rao, D. K. Bhattacharya, and Baldev Raj. "Eddy current impedance imaging in butt weld joints of AISI stainless steel plates." In Non-destructive Testing '92, 346–50. Elsevier, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-89791-6.50075-5.

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"Process Control, Product Quality, and Product Launch Process." In Iron and Steel Castings Engineering Guide, 323–40. ASM International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.isceg.t59320323.

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Abstract This chapter provides an overview of key elements in controlling the casting process, systems to confirm the quality of outgoing components, and the steps needed to launch a novel product. The discussion also provides information on process control tools and techniques; incoming material control; process control of sand preparation and system maintenance; metallic charge materials; product quality control; and melting, metallurgical, and mechanical testing.

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"Engineering for Functional Performance." In Iron and Steel Castings Engineering Guide, 49–62. ASM International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.isceg.t59320049.

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Abstract This chapter provides an overview of how the disciplines of design, material, and manufacturing contribute to engineering for functional performance. It describes the interaction of product designers and casting engineers in product development. It discusses the consequences of component failure, uncertainty in data and assumptions, and selection of the factor of safety. The chapter also presents an overview of the functional requirements for product performance and provides an overview of product design development. It also presents a partial list of the different tests that are performed on prototypes and examples of product testing. The chapter describes the requirements of a traceability system.

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JACQUEMOD, G., C. ODET, F. PEYRIN, and R. GOUTTE. "IMPROVE RESOLUTION OF INDUSTRIAL X-RAY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHIC 3D IMAGES This research has been done under contract for the Commission of the European Communities on iron and steel research." In Non-Destructive Testing, 74–79. Elsevier, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-87450-4.50019-9.

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"Materials Testing for Mechanical Properties—Problems and Solutions." In Mechanical Properties: Key Topics in Materials Science and Engineering, 19–37. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.tb.mpktmse.t56010019.

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Abstract This appendix provides readers with worked solutions to 25 problems involving calculations associated with tensile testing and the determination of mechanical properties and variables. The problems deal with engineering factors and considerations such as stress and strain, loading force, sample lengthening, and machine stiffness, and with mechanical properties and parameters such as elastic modulus, Young’s modulus, strength coefficient, strain-hardening exponent, and modulus of resilience. They also cover a wide range of materials including various grades of aluminum and steel as well as iron, titanium, brass, and copper alloys.

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Hołowaty, Janusz, and Bernard Wichtowski. "Quality and Fatigue Assessment of Welded Railway Bridge Components by Testing." In Engineering Principles - Welding and Residual Stresses [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.104439.

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During a decades-long program from 1953 to 1990, the quality of welded joints in railway bridges in Poland was assessed and quantified. It was discovered that many welded joints have technological cracks, and their quality is poor, especially in old constructions. Nearly, 200 bridges were tested using X-ray examination. The number of joints tested was over 15,000; cracks were discovered in 400 welded joints in the 34 bridges tested. To solve the problem, repeated examinations on welded joints with imperfections were undertaken and laboratory fatigue tests were performed. The tests and numerical analysis allowed fatigue behavior and tensile stresses in welded butt splices with cover plates to be recognized and excluded such a structural solution in bridges. The existing discontinuities and imperfections in welded joints following many years in service show no growths or forming of new cracks, as the applied stresses are below the threshold fatigue strength. As a result of decades of service, steel bridges undergo functional aging, and their structural steels undergo structural aging. There is a need to both harmonize differentiated procedures and create national recommendations to assess their safe endurance. Therefore, of use may be the findings presented in the chapter.

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Jensen, Martine Hoff. "Touching the Unknown: On Marte Johnslien’s Ceramic Presences." In Ung Uro, 99–106. Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/noasp.127.ch9.

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Touching is never a unidirectional event; what you touch will always touch you back. ‘How can the way we relate to the world around us take shape as sculpture?’ Norwegian artist Marte Johnslien asks. In the 2018 exhibition A Square on a Sphere at Lillehammer Kunstmuseum (Art Museum), Johnslien showed, amongst other works, a sculpture consisting of ceramic shapes stacked on top of each other with glass plates between. In this work, Johnslien explored a new technique of reinforcing ceramics in which she put steel mesh underneath the clay. By strengthening the thin ceramic shapes with iron, Johnslien changed the material and thus changed the texture. This chapter elaborates on how artistic presence can provide a way to access the glitch between the visible and the invisible, by exploring the ceramic works by Johnslien in light of Barad’s essay on touching, esotericist Pyotr Demianovich Ouspensky’s view on the fourth dimension, Eastern philosophy, and relativity theory.

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Dolphin, Heather, and Fatima Ahmad. "Bacteriology Diagnostic Methods." In Tutorial Topics in Infection for the Combined Infection Training Programme. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801740.003.0015.

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This is summarized in Table 8.1. a) Microscopy— A cell count is performed on sterile fluids and CSF samples using the Neubauer chamber or a similar device. The number of white blood cells (WBC) and red blood cells seen under the microscope are reported as well as the differential WBC count (i.e. the number or percentage of lymphocytes and neutrophils in the sample). A Gram stain is then done and the presence of any organism reported. b) Culture samples are plated onto the appropriate media and streaked out for single colonies as shown. Blood agar is normally used; however, other media are used depending on the site of the specimen, e.g. chocolate agar is used if a fastidious organism is a potential pathogen such as Haemophilus sp.; anaerobic agar for anaerobes; selective agar such as MacConkey can be used on non-sterile specimens to differentiate between the colony types. Plates are incubated for eighteen to forty-eight hours at the correct conditions; most plates being CO2, others at O2 and anaerobically. c) Identification plates are examined for growth. Potentially significant isolates are identified either by MALDI-TOF MS, by API, or other biochemical tests. d) Sensitivities are performed on significant organisms by manual and automated methods. This is summarized in Table 8.2. Selective agar is necessary when isolating pathogens from faeces, although further confirmatory tests are needed. ● Black or colourless colonies on xylose lysine deoxycholate (XLD) or other chromogenic agar plates are tested with oxidase reagent. ● Oxidase negative isolates are identified by MALDI-TOF, API and or biochemically using triple-sugar iron (TSI) tubes. ● Serology is then performed on suspicious isolates and sent to a reference laboratory for confirmation. ● Campylobacter is confirmed by testing grey flat colonies on campylobacter agar with oxidase reagent. Oxidase positive samples are Gram stained and if ‘seagull’-shaped gram-negative bacteria are observed under the microscope, campylobacter is confirmed. The catalase test is a simple biochemical test to differentiate between Staphylococcus species and Streptococcus species, with the use of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). It tests for the presence of the enzyme catalase which is found in Staphylococcus species.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Plates, Iron and steel Testing"

Daigle, Olivier, and Mahesh D. Pandey. "Corrosion of Coated Pipe Samples: An Overview and Statistical Analysis of NBS-API Data." In ASME 2016 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2016-63981.

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The National Bureau of Standards (NBS) had undertaken a comprehensive study of underground soil corrosion of iron pipes and plates. The maximum pit depth data for different types of wrought iron and carbon steel pipes have been widely analyzed and utilized in the corrosion literature. There is another important but relatively obscure data set about the testing of pipes with bituminous coating that NBS carried out in collaboration with the American Petroleum Institute (API). This program tested dozens of coatings on operating line pipes as well as short sections of pipes at 15 soil sites over a 10 year period (1930–1940). This paper presents an overview of this data and presents statistical analysis of protection offered by coatings.

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Lugbauer, M., E. Badisch, and A. Kröll. "Wear Behaviour and Performance of a Cost-Effective Iron-Based, Carbide-Reinforced, Sintered Coating." In ITSC2010, edited by B. R. Marple, A. Agarwal, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. DVS Media GmbH, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2010p0010.

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Abstract In every industry wear plates and parts are demanded in heavy duty standards at cost effectiveness and environmental friendliness. For that reasons a new kind of coating technology was developed, and first applied on parts for agricultural machinery for getting results from the field. Simultaneously lab tests were done to compare the wear behaviour and performance of these sintered iron-based coatings with mainly chromium-carbides and borides in it, with other well known wear-resistant coatings like hard chrome, thermal sprayed coatings (Ni-matrix/WC), PTA welded coatings (Ni-matrix/WC, high speed steel) and processed steel like Hardox. Wear tests were performed under 3-body-abrasion as well as combined impact/abrasion conditions, respectively. Dry-sand rubber-wheel procedure according ASTM G65 was used to investigate low stress abrasion, whereas for high stress abrasion investigations a steel wheel was used. A special designed impeller-tumbler apparatus was used for combined impact and abrasion wear tests. Analysis after testing was done quantitatively by gravimetric mass loss, and qualitatively using SEM microscopy (edge stability, wear mechanisms). The ambition of this investigation is to secure the wear performance of the sintered iron-based coating at low production costs compared to well known anti-wear solutions applied in wear intensive industries.

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Bouzas, Óscar, Borja Conde, Manuel Cabaleiro, Brais Barros, Belén Riveiro, and Nicolás Riego. "Reliability-based structural assessment of a historical steel railway bridge." In IABSE Congress, Ghent 2021: Structural Engineering for Future Societal Needs. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/ghent.2021.1839.

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<p>In this paper, a simplified probabilistic analysis approach is presented. The Barqueiro Bridge, a four- span riveted iron bridge located in Galicia, Spain, is selected as a case study. This bridge is placed in an environment with high humidity and salinity which could potentially induce severe damages to the structure. These damages introduce considerable uncertainty in the structural parameters that should be used in reliability-based assessment procedures for verifying current safety conditions. To alleviate this issue, non-destructive experimental testing is used which also helps during numerical modeling. Model uncertain parameters are described through adequate probability distributions and then grouped by using two different strategies; based on structural element type and on stress level. According to this strategy, the limit state of interest is analyzed to verify the probability of failure and the reliability index of the structure.</p>

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Yin, Yuqun, Yixin Huang, Yongkuan Yao, Daoyuan Wang, Yonglong Wu, and Douglas G. Stalheim. "The Development of X80 Steel Plate and Coil for the 2nd West-East Pipeline Project." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64211.

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The growing economy of China has resulted in an increase in energy demands. This increased demand for energy has resulted in plans to expand the oil and gas transmission pipeline infrastructure throughout China. This transmission pipeline infrastructure expansion demands higher strength steels of API grade X70 and X80 for economical movement of the oil and gas. With most of the major natural gas supply in countries to the west of China and the major population centers of China in the east, long distant transmission pipelines from west to east have been built with additional capacity being designed. The first major natural gas transmission pipeline, 1st West-East Pipeline was API X70. A parallel mainline of approximately 4950 km with 8 sub lines resulting in an overall total length of approximately 8800 km is being designed for construction in 2008. This line will be the 2nd West-East Pipeline Project and will be built out of API X80. The major dimension of this line is 1219 mm OD × 18.4 mm wall thickness. Nanjing Iron and Steel Company (NISCO) in Nanjing, China commissioned a wide plate/coil Steckel mill in 2004 and has successfully developed API grades in plate and coil for the Chinese pipeline industry. Since 2004 NISCO has successfully ramped up production to where in 2007 anticipated delivery of API plate and coil will be approximately 350,000 mT. Over that time period NISCO has been developing API X80 plate and coil capabilities in anticipation of the 2nd West-East Pipeline Project. The 2nd West-East Pipeline specification major requirements for coil and plate mechanical properties include round bar tensile testing, YT maximum of 0.93 for round bar, ≥ 240 J @ −20 °C average TCVN and ≥ 85% DWTT shear average @ −15 °C. During the development process two alloy approaches have been identified for plate and coil to produce the ferrite/acicular ferrite microstructure required for API X80 pipe. This paper will describe Nanjing Iron and Steel Company’s development and results to produce API grade X80 plate and coil that successfully met the specification requirements of the 2nd West-East Pipeline Project.

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Nashine, B. K., S. K. Dash, K. Gurumurthy, M. Rajan, and G. Vaidyanathan. "Design and Testing of D.C. Conduction Pump for Sodium Cooled Fast Reactor." In 14th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone14-89123.

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DC Conduction pump immersed in sodium forms a part of Failed Fuel Location Module (FFLM) of 500 MWe Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) currently under construction. FFLM housed in control plug of the reactor, is used to locate the failed fuel sub-assembly due to clad rupture in the fuel pin. The DC conduction pump sucks the sodium from the top of fuel sub-assemblies through the selector valve and pumps the sodium to hold up for detecting the presence of delayed neutrons. Presence of delayed neutron is the indication of failure in the sampled fuel sub-assembly. The DC Conduction Pump was chosen because of its low voltage operation (2 V) where argon/alumina ceramic can provide required electrical insulation even at operating temperature of 560°C without much complication on the manufacturing front. Sampling of sodium from top of different sub-assemblies is achieved by operation of selector valve in-conjunction with the drive motor. FFLM requires the pump to be immersed in sodium pool at ∼560°C located above the fuel sub-assemblies in the reactor. The Pump of 0.36 m3/h capacity and developing 1.45 Kg/ cm2 pressure was designed, manufactured and tested. The DC Conduction Pump has a stainless steel duct filled with liquid sodium, which is to be pumped. The stainless steel duct is kept in magnetic field obtained by means of electromagnet. The electromagnet is made of soft iron and the coil made of copper conductor surrounds the yoke portion of electromagnet. The external DC source of 2000 Amps, 2 Volt is used to send current through sodium placed in the stainless steel duct and the same current is sent through copper coil of electromagnet for producing required magneto motive force, which in turn produces required magnetic field. The interaction of current in sodium (placed in stainless steel duct) and magnetic field produced by the electromagnet in the duct region produces pumping force in the sodium. Electromagnet, copper coil, stainless steel duct, copper bus bar etc. are encapsulated in stainless steel shell. Hydraulic characteristics, efficiency, cavitation free operation at operating temperatures was ascertained by conducting tests in sodium loop called Large Component Test Rig (LCTR). The pump was also endurance tested for 750 hrs. The performance tests on DC Conduction Pump indicate that the pump meets the target specification at reactor operating condition. This paper deals with design, construction and performance testing of DC Conduction Pump.

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Beltrán-Jiménez, Katherine, Ishtiaque Anwar, Kidane F. Gebremariam, Steinar Kragset, Dave Gardner, Hans Joakim Skadsem, and John C. Stormont. "Assessment of Corrosion in the Interface Casing - Cement and its Effect on the Leakage Potential." In SPE/IADC International Drilling Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/204080-ms.

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Abstract The cemented annulus behind casings and liners is a critical barrier element not only for oil and gas wells, but also for geothermal wells and underground CO2 storage. Corroded casing has been identified as one possible leakage pathway along wellbores. The presence of CO2 and H2O at the cement-casing interface promote and accelerate casing corrosion and cement carbonation. Two different sets of experimental studies were conducted and compared to understand different mechanisms of corrosion to reflect potential well conditions and their effects on leakage. The first study involved the analysis of a sandwich section, composed of 13 3/8-in and 9 5/8-in casing with wellbore cement in between recovered from the upper part of a well in the Valhall field in the North Sea. A slice of the recovered cross section was exposed to environmental corrosion for about thirty days at ambient conditions. Analytical measurements were undertaken to evaluate the porosity and corrosion states together with the influence of contaminants on the corrosion rate.The second study involved laboratory investigations on assemblies of steel plates and wellbore cement (API class G). The steel in each assembly is corroded with different mechanisms (environmental and electrochemical), producing different corrosion rates. Single-phase gas flow testing was carried out on the sample assemblies to investigate the effects of corrosion on the permeability of the corrosion product and consequently the leakage potential. Additional analytical measurements were used (SEM-EDS, XPS) to evaluate the porosity, chemical composition and oxidation states. For the sandwich slim cross section evaluated in the first study, results of chemical characterization using spectroscopic analysis (XRF, FTIR) and post processing using principal component analysis, show that the major components of corrosion are iron oxides, however the corrosion is highly correlated to the presence of BaSO4 (Barium sulphate).The results suggest that the presence of slurry contaminants, such as drilling mud and spacers, may have an important influence in the oxidation rate acceleration. The gas flow tests from the second study indicate that corroded casing can have a significant effective permeability and that corroded casing can serve as a significant leakage path along the axis of a wellbore. The major components of corrosion found in the samples were different oxidation states of iron, but there was no discernable difference in the composition of corrosion products from specimens corroded by different mechanisms. Differences in cement porosity were observed in both experiments. We have shown that corroded casing is substantially permeable and a potential wellbore leakage pathway. Further, our results suggest that corrosion at the casing-cement interface may be affected by contamination in the cement slurry.A better understanding of corrosion mechanisms is essential for the remediation of leaky wells.

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Hasegawa, Noboru, Takeshi Nagashima, and Koji Hirano. "Thickness measurement of iron-oxide layers on steel plates using terahertz reflectometry." In 2011 36th International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter, and Terahertz Waves (IRMMW-THz 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/irmmw-thz.2011.6104964.

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Goli-Oglu, E., and Z. Greisen. "Production of Steel Heavy Plates up to 100 mm by TMCP With Accelerated Cooling at NLMK DanSteel." In AISTech 2022 Proceedings of the Iron and Steel Technology Conference. AIST, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33313/386/106.

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Ortiz-Morales, M., J. J. Soto-Bernal, C. Frausto-Reyes, S. E. Acosta-Ortiz, R. González-Mota, and I. Rosales-Candelas. "The influence of laser irradiation in the generation of iron oxide films in commercial steel plates." In Latin America Optics and Photonics Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/laop.2014.ltu4a.14.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Plates, Iron and steel Testing"

NUMERICAL SIMULATION AND RESEARCH ON WELDING RESIDUAL STRESS OF BOX - TYPE STEEL STRUCTURE. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2020.p.324.

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The welding residual stress of the box-plate steel structure is studied in this paper. Q235B steel and Q345B steel are generally used in box plate assembly steel structures, so this paper focuses on the welding residual stress of these two sheets of steel. The welding of Q235B and Q345B steel plates was simulated by ABAQUS associated DFLUX heat source subroutine. The welding residual stress of the steel plates is tested by the ultrasonic testing method. The results show that the yield strength of steel has a significant effect on the welding residual stress. The longitudinal residual stress in the heataffected zone of the weld is mainly strength stress, while the transverse residual stress in the whole welding part is both tensile stress and compressive stress. The results of the steel plate residual stress test are in good agreement with the simulation results, which verifies the reliability of ABAQUS simulated steel plate welding.

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