Готові списки джерел за темами / Plants canopies

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Plants canopies"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Plants canopies"

1

FINNIGAN, J. J. "Waving plants and turbulent eddies." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 652 (May 19, 2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112010001746.

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New large-eddy simulations of flow over a flexible plant canopy by Dupont et al. (J. Fluid Mech., 2010, this issue, vol. 652, pp. 5–44) have produced apparently paradoxical results. Work over the last three decades had suggested that turbulent eddies could ‘lock onto’ to the waving frequency of uniform cereal canopies. Their new simulations contradict this view, although a resolution may lie in the essentially three-dimensional nature of the instability process that generates the dominant eddies above plant canopies.
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2

Beeson*, Richard C. "Response of Individual Plant Actual Evapotranspiration to Canopy Closure: A Three Dimensional Model Derived from Viburnum odoratissimum." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 857A—857. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.857a.

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ng production and in landscapes, woody plants are initially spaced apart to develop to desirable landscape quality. As plants grow and canopies begin to interact, canopies transform from individual isolated canopies to one large, closed canopy system. Changes in individual plant actual evapotranspiration (ETA) during the transitions between isolated and closed canopies are 30% on average. Such changes can have a substantial impact on supplemental irrigation requirements, both decreasing with closure and increasing with random removal of plants from a closed canopy. Data will be presented demonstrating changes in ETA as canopy closure progresses from isolated plants through 33%, 67%, and 100% canopy closure. Concurrent data from plants of marketable size grown in 3.8, 10.4, and 26.6 L containers were used to evaluate effects of canopy vertical thickness, and total canopy height, on the changes in ETA relative to degree of canopy closure. Contributions to ETA at 100% canopy closure and isolated plants from leaves at various depths within a canopy will be discussed.
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3

Méndez-Toribio, Moisés, Ana María González-Di Pierro, Mauricio Quesada, and Julieta Benítez-Malvido. "Regeneration beneath a dioecious tree species (Spondias purpurea) in a Mexican tropical dry forest." Journal of Tropical Ecology 30, no. 3 (March 10, 2014): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467414000066.

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Abstract:In dioecious plant species different frugivore activity between genders may influence the abundance and richness of the seedling banks underneath their canopies throughout seed removal and dispersal. In the tropical dry forest of Chamela, on the Pacific Coast of Mexico, the role of S. purpurea female trees as nucleation sites of regeneration was investigated. The standing density, species richness and dispersal syndrome of woody seedlings (i.e. trees and shrubs, 10–100 cm tall) recruited underneath and outside the canopy of 10 male and 10 female S. purpurea trees were recorded in a total of 160 1-m2 plots. Total density was greater in seedling communities associated with female trees (i.e. underneath and outside their canopies) as compared with male trees (231 vs. 153 seedlings, respectively); whereas overall species richness was greater underneath female canopies. Further, the density of zoochorous species were greater underneath the canopy of S. purpurea females (range = 0–5 plants m−2), than elsewhere (outside female canopies, range = 0–3 plants m−2; underneath and outside male canopies, range = 0–2 plants m−2), suggesting a directional dispersal bias towards them. Females of dioecious plant species may act as nucleation sites of initial seedling recruitment in tropical dry forests.
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4

Zubair, Muhammad, Akash Jamil, Syed Bilal Hussain, Ahsan Ul Haq, Ahmad Hussain, Din Muhammad Zahid, Abeer Hashem, Abdulaziz A. Alqarawi, and Elsayed Fathi Abd_Allah. "Diversity of Medicinal Plants among Different Tree Canopies." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 2640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052640.

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The moist temperate forests in Northern Pakistan are home to a variety of flora and fauna that are pivotal in sustaining the livelihoods of the local communities. In these forests, distribution and richness of vegetation, especially that of medicinal plants, is rarely reported. In this study, we carried out a vegetation survey in District Balakot, located in Northeastern Pakistan, to characterize the diversity of medicinal plants under different canopies of coniferous forest. The experimental site was divided into three major categories (viz., closed canopy, open spaces, and partial tree cover). A sampling plot of 100 m2 was established on each site to measure species diversity, dominance, and evenness. To observe richness and abundance, the rarefaction and rank abundance curves were plotted. Results revealed that a total of 45 species representing 34 families were available in the study site. Medicinal plants were the most abundant (45%) followed by edible plants (26%). Tree canopy cover affected the overall growth of medicinal plants on the basis of abundance and richness. The site with partial canopy exhibited the highest diversity, dominance, and abundance compared to open spaces and closed canopy. These findings are instrumental in identifying the wealth of the medicinal floral diversity in the northeastern temperate forest of Balakot and the opportunity to sustain the livelihoods of local communities with the help of public/private partnership.
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Schuerger, Andrew C., Kenneth L. Copenhaver, David Lewis, Russell Kincaid, and George May. "Canopy structure and imaging geometry may create unique problems during spectral reflectance measurements of crop canopies in bioregenerative advanced life support systems." International Journal of Astrobiology 6, no. 2 (April 2007): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147355040700376x.

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AbstractHuman exploration missions to the Moon or Mars might be helped by the development of a bioregenerative advanced life-support (ALS) system that utilizes higher plants to regenerate water, oxygen and food. In order to make bioregenerative ALS systems competitive to physiochemical life-support systems, the ‘equivalent system mass’ (ESM) must be reduced by as much as possible. One method to reduce the ESM of a bioregenerative ALS system would be to deploy an automated remote sensing system within plant production modules to monitor crop productivity and disease outbreaks. The current study investigated the effects of canopy structure and imaging geometries on the efficiency of measuring the spectral reflectance of individual plants and crop canopies in a simulated ALS system. Results indicate that canopy structure, shading artefacts and imaging geometries are likely to create unique challenges in developing an automated remote sensing system for ALS modules. The cramped quarters within ALS plant growth units will create problems in collecting spectral reflectance measurements from the nadir position (i.e. directly above plant canopies) and, thus, crop canopies likely will be imaged from a diversity of orientations relative to the primary illumination source. In general, highly reflective white or polished surfaces will be used within an ALS plant growth module to maximize the stray light that is reflected onto plant canopies. Initial work suggested that these highly reflective surfaces might interfere with the collection of spectral reflectance measurements of plants, but the use of simple remote sensing algorithms such as 760/685 band ratios or normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) images greatly reduced the effects of the reflective backgrounds. A direct comparison of 760/685 and NDVI images from canopies of lettuce, pepper and tomato plants indicated that unique models of individual plants are going to be required to properly assess the health conditions of canopies. A mixed model of all three plant species was not effective in predicting plant stress using either the 760/685 or NDVI remote sensing algorithms.
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6

Soter, Steven. "Radiocarbon Anomalies from Old CO2 in the Soil and Canopy Air." Radiocarbon 53, no. 1 (2011): 55–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200034354.

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The canopies of forests and cultivated fields can retard the ventilation of CO2 respired from the soil. The plants in dense canopies can then acquire a small fraction of their carbon by recycling some of the respired CO2. Furthermore, some plants can assimilate a small fraction of their carbon by uptake of CO2 in the soil via their roots. In tectonically active areas, the diffuse flux of CO2 from geological sources may be comparable to that from normal soil respiration. In such areas, both the canopy and root uptake effects may allow plants to acquire a measurable fraction of their carbon from geological sources. Because this “old” carbon lacks radiocarbon, its assimilation would increase the apparent 14C ages of the plants. These effects may account for some of the discrepancies between archaeological and 14C dates.
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Darfis, Irwan, and Aprisal Aprisal. "FAKTOR-FAKTOR EKSTERNAL YANG MEMPENGARUHI WAKTU PEMBUAHAN MANGGIS." Jurnal Solum 6, no. 2 (July 2, 2009): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/js.6.2.66-73.2009.

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A research aiming to evaluate external factors affecting fertility process on manggo trees had been conducted in Lima Puluh Kota Regency, as one of production central for manggos in West Sumatra. In the first year, the activity of the research was aimed to identification on earlier and later flowering plants. External factors being identified were soil nutrients and soil chemical characteristics, as well as temperature and relative humidity around canopies of the trees. The results showed that there was an interaction among the external factors on the characteristics of both groups of the manggo trees. Earlier flowering plants had higher temperature around the canopies, but lower relative humidity than those later flowering plants. Some other external factors such as light intensity as well as the duration of day and night period will be identified on the following research.Key Words: Manggos tree, canopy temperature and humidity, earlier flowering plants, later flowering plants
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8

Lindig-Cisneros, Roberto, and Joy B. Zedler. "Phalaris arundinacea seedling establishment: effects of canopy complexity in fen, mesocosm, and restoration experiments." Canadian Journal of Botany 80, no. 6 (June 1, 2002): 617–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b02-042.

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Phalaris arundinacea L. (reed canary grass) is a major invader of wetlands in temperate North America; it creates monotypic stands and displaces native vegetation. In this study, the effect of plant canopies on the establishment of P. arundinacea from seed in a fen, fen-like mesocosms, and a fen restoration site was assessed. In Wingra Fen, canopies that were more resistant to P. arundinacea establishment had more species (eight or nine versus four to six species) and higher cover of Aster firmus. In mesocosms planted with Glyceria striata plus 1, 6, or 15 native species, all canopies closed rapidly and prevented P. arundinacea establishment from seed, regardless of the density of the matrix species or the number of added species. Only after gaps were created in the canopy was P. arundinacea able to establish seedlings; then, the 15-species treatment reduced establishment to 48% of that for single-species canopies. A similar experiment in the restoration site produced less cover of native plants, and P. arundinacea recruited more readily. Results suggest that, where conditions are favorable for native plant growth, even species-poor canopies can inhibit P. arundinacea establishment from seed, but when disturbances create gaps, species-rich canopies confer greater resistance to invasion.Key words: diversity, establishment, fen, invasion resistance, species richness, wetlands.
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Mugunga, C. P., and D. T. Mugumo. "Acacia sieberiana Effects on Soil Properties and Plant Diversity in Songa Pastures, Rwanda." International Journal of Biodiversity 2013 (November 4, 2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/237525.

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Effects of A. sieberiana trees on soil properties and plant diversity were investigated in Songa pastures, Rwanda. Tree characteristics and crown architecture of A. sieberiana were studied. Soil properties were assessed and plants were identified under and away from tree crowns. Counts of individual plants/species were done only under tree crowns. Nitrogen, P, and K were analysed in the soil, grass, and A. sieberiana leaves. Plant diversity was determined using Simpson's diversity index. Data were subjected to ANOVA. Soil organic carbon (SOC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), Ca2+, N and pH, and plant diversity were higher in soils under tree canopies than in open areas. Tree leaves were significantly richer in N and poorer in P and K as compared to grasses. Tree crowns grew wider and horizontal and developed intertwined secondary branching, reducing light intensity to as low as 38% under tree canopies compared to the open pasture. At 3 trees/ha stocking, A. sieberiana trees shaded 0.18 ha and herbaceous plants and grasses unpalatable to livestock dominated under tree canopies. A tradeoff of A. sieberiana tree value versus the loss of palatable grass due to tree presence needs to be assessed to decide whether the trees should be included in pastures and if yes, the apporpriate stocking identified.
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Giuliani, Rita, and James A. Flore. "534 Use of Infrared Thermal Imagery for Ground-based and Real-time Detection of Water Deficit in Fruit Trees." HortScience 35, no. 3 (June 2000): 487D—487. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.3.487d.

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Ground-based infrared thermal imagery was applied for early detection of plant water deficit, i.e., before photosynthetic activity is depressed and before growth processes are negatively affected by water shortage. Remote and real-time sensing of radiative canopy surface temperature was performed in Michigan in Summer 1999 on peach and apple orchards, using a digital IR imaging radiometer. Still images and videos were acquired on single canopies of well-watered plants and plants subjected to water depletion. Atmospheric parameters were monitored simultaneously. On apple trees, the apparent canopy temperature showed a wider thermal dispersion [10 °C], compared to peach tree canopies [2–5 °C]. Central tendency and shape parameters describing the canopy thermal distribution could identify, even for apple canopies, the thermal signal [1–2 °C] of plant water deficit, before changes in leaf net photosynthetic rate and fruit diameter were observed. The results of this study support the application of digital infrared thermal imagery and image processing for early recognition of plant water deficit. The decrease of the cost of available thermographic cameras makes their use feasible.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Plants canopies"

1

Gebauer, Tobias. "Water turnover in species-rich and species-poor deciduous forests xylem sap flow and canopy transpiration /." Göttingen : Georg-August-Universität, 2010. http://webdoc.sub.gwdg.de/diss/2010/gebauer/gebauer.pdf.

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2

Price, David Thomas. "Some effects of variation in weather and soil water storage on canopy evapotranspiration and net photosynthesis of a young douglas-fir stand." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27511.

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Measurements of the energy balances and net photosynthesis rates of two low productivity coniferous forest canopies (12 and 22 years old), were made successfully during both wet and dry growing seasons, using a modified Bowen Ratio method. Canopy conductances (gc) were calculated from canopy evaporation rates (E) using the Penman-Monteith equation. A model was developed to predict canopy growth and evaporation rates from basic soil and weather data, and compared with the measured data. The photosynthesis model was physiologically based, derived from recent work of Farquhar and coworkers. The canopy conductance model used an empirical approach, based on simple relationships with recorded environmental variables, while canopy E was predicted from the Penman-Monteith equation. Findings were: (1) Daytime E and canopy net photosynthesis rates (Fc) were generally lower in the younger canopy. (2) In the old canopy, E was more strongly decoupled from net irradiance (Rn) and more dependent on the atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (D) in accordance with the predictions of McNaughton and Jarvis (1983). (3) In the old canopy, Fc was significantly reduced by low soil water potential (Ψs) within the range of soil water storages at which measurements were made, while gc was less dependent on Ψs. From consideration of changes in intercellular C0₂ concentration, gc was not found normally limiting to Fc. (4) No simple relationship was apparent between solar irradiance (S) and F at the canopy level. However highest Fc and canopy water use efficiency ratios occurred on cloudy days with low air temperature and low D. (5) Night-time Fc measurements indicated that canopy respiration rates are generally very high and hence air temperature was a major factor limiting overall forest productivity. (6) The computer model could predict gc from four variables (D, S, root-zone soil water storage, W and time since dawn, t) with reasonable 2 success (r² 0.75). However, on days when gc was low, due to high D, E was occasionally significantly in error, because the Penman-Monteith equation is more sensitive to gc when the latter is low. Best agreement between measured and modelled E occurred on cloudy days when D was low and gc consequently high. (7) Values for the maximum rates of carboxylation, as limited by foliar carboxylase activity and electron transport rate, were set at one third of those reported by Farquhar and coworkers, in order to obtain best overall agreement between measured and modelled data. This requirement indicated that poor nutrition was also limiting to stand productivity. (8) Model prediction of canopy net photosynthesis was not satisfactory (r² 0.50), attributed mainly to using too simple an approach to estimating irradiance at the individual leaf level, and partly to unexplained variation in the measurements of Fc. In spite of its limitations, the model was found to respond realistically to changes in weather and Ψs, suggesting the approach was valid, and might be more successful with further development.
Forestry, Faculty of
Graduate
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3

Zanelli, Carolina Brandão 1986. "Florística e fotossociologia da comunidade lenhosa no sub-bosque de um cerradão em Assis, SP." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/315521.

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Анотація:
Orientador: Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T23:57:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Zanelli_CarolinaBrandao_M.pdf: 11021724 bytes, checksum: 074f594a75e3131636ec29a9f0cdbc07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: A regeneração consiste no processo de reconstrução e reorganização da composição e estrutura de uma comunidade vegetal, e vem sendo bem estudada em florestas ombrofilas e estacionais sob a ótica da dinâmica de clareiras e da sucessão ecológica. No entanto, a regeneração de espécies lenhosas no cerrado ainda e pouco compreendida, e são poucos os estudos que avaliam conjuntamente o dossel e o sub-bosque em áreas de cerrado. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a floristica e a fitossociologia da comunidade lenhosa do dossel e do sub-bosque de um cerradão em Assis, SP. O trabalho foi realizado na Estação Ecológica de Assis, em uma parcela permanente de 10,4 ha, parte do "Projeto Parcelas Permanentes" do Programa BIOTA/FAPESP. Essa parcela permanente e subdividida em 256 subparcelas contiguas de 20 m x 20 m, das quais 100 foram sorteadas para amostragem. Para avaliar o dossel, foram considerados os dados já coletados no Projeto Parcelas Permanentes, referentes aos indivíduos lenhosos com perímetro na altura do peito (PAP) ? 15 cm, para as 100 subparcelas sorteadas. Para analisar o sub-bosque, foi delimitado um setor de avaliação de 2 m x 2 m em cada subparcela sorteada, onde foram medidos e identificados todos os indivíduos de espécies lenhosas com altura > 20 cm e PAP < 15 cm. Todas as espécies do dossel e do sub-bosque foram classificadas de acordo com o habitat, com base em estudos regionais de fitossociologia, em categorias não excludentes: floresta (F), quando ha registro da espécie em formações florestais não pertencentes ao cerrado sensu lato; cerradão (C), quando ha registro da espécie em cerradão; e cerrado sensu lato (c), quando ha registro da espécie nas demais fisionomias de cerrado sensu lato. Alem disso, foram calculados os parâmetros fitossociologicos usuais para todas as espécies no dossel e no sub-bosque. Tanto o dossel quanto o sub-bosque do cerradão em Assis foram compostos por espécies intermediarias entre diferentes habitats, a maior parte (46% das espécies no dossel e 36% no sub-bosque) constituída de espécies de cerrado/cerradão, incluindo espécies de ampla distribuição no domínio (como Bowdichia virgilioides, Machaerium acutifolium, Plathymenia reticulata, Pouteria ramiflora, Qualea grandiflora, Roupala montana e Xylopia aromática) e comuns em cerrados da província Meridional (como Eriotheca gracilipes, Eugenia pluriflora, Gochnatia polymorpha, Machaerium brasiliense, Myrcia venulosa e Ocotea corymbosa). Regenerantes das espécies do dossel constituíram a maior parte do sub-bosque do cerradão, tanto em numero de espécies (81% do total, n=60) quanto em valor de importância (221 do total de 300). O cerradão apresentou um conjunto de espécies de sub-bosque composto por arvores de pequeno porte e arbustos heliofitos que também ocorrem nas fisionomias mais abertas de cerrado, incluindo: Lacistema hasslerianum, Miconia albicans, Miconia langsdorffii, Miconia stenostachya, Palicourea marcgravii, Piptocarpha rotundifolia, Psychotria hoffmannseggiana e Psychotria vellosiana. Esse resultado e consistente com as características estruturais do dossel do cerradão, que possibilitam maior entrada de luz ao sub-bosque; e contrasta com o relatado para outras fisionomias florestais, onde as espécies de sub-bosque são tipicamente tolerantes a sombra
Abstract: Regeneration consists on the process of reconstruction and reorganization of the structure and composition of a plant community, and has been intensively studied in ombrophilous and seasonal forests according to the paradigm of gap dynamics and ecological succession. However, regeneration of woody plant species in the cerrado is still poorly understood, and few studies evaluate both the overstory and the understory in cerrado areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the floristics and phytosociology of the woody community of the overstory and understory in a cerradao fragment at Assis, Sao Paulo State, southeastern Brazil. Field work was conducted at Assis Ecological Station, in a 10,4 ha permanent plot, part of the Permanent Plots Project from the BIOTA/FAPESP Program. This plot is divided in 256 contiguous subplots of 20 m x 20 m, of which 100 subplots were randomly selected and analyzed. To study the overstory, we used data collected at the Permanent Plots Project, regarding all woody individuals with perimeter at breast height (PBH) ? 15 cm, for these 100 subplots. To study of the understory, we delimited a sector of 2 m x 2 m within each selected subplot, in which all woody individuals with height > 20 cm and PBH < 15 cm were measured and identified. All overstory and understory species were categorized according to their habitat, based in regional phytosociological studies, into non excluding groups: forest (F), when there is record of the species in forest formations that do not belong to cerrado sensu lato; cerradao (C), when there is record of the species in cerradao; and cerrado sensu lato (c), when there is record of the species in the remaining cerrado sensu lato physiognomies. We also calculated the usual phytosociological parameters for all overstory and understory species. Both the overstory and the understory in the study site were composed of species of intermediate distribution between habitats, the majority (46% of overstory species and 36% of understory species) occurring in cerrado/cerradão, including widely distributed Cerrado species (such as Bowdichia virgilioides, Machaerium acutifolium, Plathymenia reticulata, Pouteria ramiflora, Qualea grandiflora, Roupala montana e Xylopia aromatica) and common southern Cerrado species (such as Eriotheca gracilipes, Eugenia pluriflora, Gochnatia polymorpha, Machaerium brasiliense, Myrcia venulosa e Ocotea corymbosa). Regenerating individuals belonging to overstory species accounted for most of the cerradão understory, both in number of species (81%, n=60) and importance value (221 of the total of 300). At the cerradão, we observed a group of understory species composed of heliophyte and small sized trees and shrubs that also occur in the open cerrado physiognomies, such as: Lacistema hasslerianum, Miconia albicans, Miconia langsdorffii, Miconia stenostachya, Palicourea marcgravii, Piptocarpha rotundifolia, Psychotria hoffmannseggiana e Psychotria vellosiana. This result is consistent with the structural characteristics of the cerradão overstory, which enable light penetration to the understory; and differs from data reported in other forest formations, where understory species are typically shade tolerant
Mestrado
Biologia Vegetal
Mestre em Biologia Vegetal
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4

Pinard, Denis Joseph Jean-Paul. "Numerical simulation of wind in plant canopies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ60486.pdf.

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5

Burgess, Alexandra Jacquelyn. "The variable light environment within complex 3D canopies." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38967/.

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Анотація:
With an expanding population and uncertain consequences of climate change, the need to both stabilise and increase crop yields is important. The relationship between biomass production and radiation interception suggests one target for improvement. Under optimal growing conditions, biomass production is determined by the amount of light intercepted and the efficiency with which this is converted into dry matter. The amount of light at a given photosynthetic surface is dependent upon solar movement, weather patterns and the structure of the plant, amongst others. Optimising canopy structure provides a method by which we can improve and optimise both radiation interception and also the distribution of light among canopy layers that contribute to net photosynthesis. This requires knowledge of how canopy structure determines light distribution and therefore photosynthetic capacity of a given crop species. The aim of this thesis was to assess the relationships between canopy architecture, the light environment and photosynthesis. This focused on two core areas: the effect of varietal selection and management practices on canopy structure and the light environment and; the effect of variable light on select photosynthetic processes (photoinhibition and acclimation). An image-based reconstruction method based on stereocameras was employed with a forward ray tracing algorithm in order to model canopy structure and light distributions in high-resolution. Empirical models were then applied using parameterisation from manually measured data to predict the effects of variable light on photosynthesis. The plasticity of plants means that the physical structure of the canopy is dependent upon many different factors. Detailed descriptions of canopy architecture are integral to predicting whole canopy photosynthesis due to the spatial and temporal differences in light profiles between canopies. This inherent complexity of the canopy means that previous methods for calculating light interception are often not suitable. 3-dimensional modelling can provide a quick and easy method to retain this complexity by preserving small variations. This provides a means to more accurately quantify light interception and enable the scaling of cellular level processes up to the whole canopy. Results indicate that a canopy with more upright leaves enables greater light penetration to lower canopy layers, and thus higher photosynthetic productivity. This structural characteristic can also limit radiation-induced damage by preventing exposure to high light, particularly around midday. Whilst these features may lead to higher photosynthetic rates per unit leaf area, per unit ground area, photosynthesis is usually determined by total leaf area of the canopies, and within this study, the erect canopies tended to have lower total leaf areas than the more horizontal canopies. The structural arrangement of plant material often led to low levels of light within the lower canopy layers which were punctuated by infrequent, high light events. However, the slow response of photosynthesis to a change in light levels meant that these sun flecks cannot be used by the plant and thus the optimal strategy should be geared towards light harvesting and efficient photosynthesis under low light conditions. The results of this study contribute to our understanding of photosynthetic processes within the whole canopy and provide a foundation for future work in this area.
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Zoecklein, Bruce. "Effect of canopy manipulation on rot incidence and rot metabolites of White Riesling (Vitis vinifera L.) grapes /." This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06302009-040443/.

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7

Jack, Steven B. "Forest Canopies: Form and Functional Relationships." DigitalCommons@USU, 1990. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6484.

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Forest canopy structure is strongly influenced by stand density due to changing competitive interactions among the individual trees and in turn directly influences stemwood volume production. The structure and dynamics of forest canopies, particularly in relation to the production of stemwood, were examined in unmanaged, even-aged stands of two dissimilar tree species, Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. and Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt. The analysis of structure-production relationships was guided by a conceptual model which generated hypotheses and led to examination of assumptions incorporated in the model. Mean crown dimensions were related to stand density through a negative exponential function for both species, but because of differing shade-tolerances, mean crown size of lodgepole pine was affected more by increasing density than was mean crown size of subalpine fir. More importantly, examination of the model assumptions indicated that adequate characterization of canopy structure should account for the influence of both crown shyness and stand height. Stand density also influenced the amount and distribution of leaf area in these forest stands. The more plastic mean leaf area of lodgepole pine led to a constant leaf area index over a range of density and, thus, was consistent with conventional wisdom which assumes closed canopied forest stands support stable leaf area indices across a wide range of densities. The less plastic mean leaf area of subalpine fir, however, led to positive correlation between leaf area index and density. Changes in mean crown dimensions and mean leaf area influenced the production of stemwood volume such that large mean crown sizes were less efficient than small mean crown sizes. The decrease in efficiency was attributed to accumulation of large branch biomass in large crowns to support foliage far from the stem. Increased support costs were indicated by the increasing proportion of crown volume which was nonfoliated as mean crown size increased. The assumption that accumulated branch biomass was responsible for the observed declines in efficiency for forest trees was reinforced by a comparison of structure-production relationships for lodgepole pine and the annual Helianthus annuus L.
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Key, Thomas Lee. "An evaluation of the relative value of spectral and phenological information for tree crown classification of digital images in the eastern deciduous forest /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1998. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=107.

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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 1998.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 51 p. : col. ill., col. map. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 32-34).
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9

Zoecklein, Bruce W. "Effect of canopy manipulation on rot incidence and rot metabolites of White Riesling (Vitis vinifera L.) grapes." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/43505.

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Khdair, Adnan Ibraheem. "Effects of air jets on deposition of charged spray in plant canopies." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1298903382.

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Книги з теми "Plants canopies"

1

N, Gray Andrew, Garman, Steven L. (Steven Lee), 1955-, and Pacific Northwest Research Station (Portland, Or.), eds. Canopy structure on forest lands in western Oregon: Differences among forest types and stand ages. Portland, OR: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2009.

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Lawlor, Elizabeth P. Discover nature close to home: Things to know and things to do. Harrisburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 1993.

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3

Draaijers, Geert. The variability of atmospheric deposition to forests: The effects of canopy structure and forest edges. Utrecht: Koninklijk Nederlands Aardrijkskundig Genootschap, 1993.

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4

Ecohydrology: Darwinian expression of vegetation form and function : Peter S. Eagleson. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002.

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5

Vandenberg, Maritz. Soft canopies. London: Academy Editions, 1996.

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6

Carlson, Clinton E. Dispersal of second-instar Western Spruce budworm above and below forest canopies in western Montana. [Ogden, Utah?]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1989.

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7

O'Brien, Renee. Comparison of overstory canopy cover estimates on forest survey plots. Ogden, UT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1989.

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8

Bentley, Cathy V. Prediction of residual canopy cover for white pine in Central Ontario. Sault Ste. Marie, Ont: Great Lakes Forestry Centre, 1996.

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O'Brien, Renee. Comparison of overstory canopy cover estimates on forest survey plots. Ogden, UT: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station, 1989.

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10

Schreuder, Hans T. Accuracy assessment of percent canopy cover, cover type, and size class. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 2003.

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Частини книг з теми "Plants canopies"

1

Lowman, Margaret D. "Plants in the forest canopy: some reflections on current research and future direction." In Tropical Forest Canopies: Ecology and Management, 39–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3606-0_4.

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2

Meinzer, Frederick C., and Guillermo Goldstein. "Scaling up from Leaves to Whole Plants and Canopies for Photosynthetic Gas Exchange." In Tropical Forest Plant Ecophysiology, 114–38. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-1163-8_4.

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3

Elliott, Daniela Dutra, and Tamara Ticktin. "Epiphytic Plants as NTFPs from the Forest Canopies: Priorities for Management and Conservation." In Treetops at Risk, 435–44. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7161-5_46.

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4

Deckmyn, Gaby, Erwin Cayenberghs, and Reinhart Ceulemans. "UV-B and PAR in single and mixed canopies grown under different UV-B exclusions in the field." In Responses of Plants to UV-B Radiation, 123–33. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2892-8_12.

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5

Dejong, T. M. "Distribution of leaf nitrogen concentration in relation to leaf light exposure in peach tree canopies." In Fundamental, Ecological and Agricultural Aspects of Nitrogen Metabolism in Higher Plants, 319–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4356-8_48.

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6

Lee, Xuhui. "Flow in Plant Canopies." In Springer Atmospheric Sciences, 81–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60853-2_5.

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7

Dutilleul, Pierre. "Light Interception by Plant Canopies." In Encyclopedia of Agrophysics, 424–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3585-1_257.

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8

Finnigan, J. J. "Turbulent Transport in Flexible Plant Canopies." In The Forest-Atmosphere Interaction, 443–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5305-5_28.

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9

Nilson, T. "Radiative Transfer in Nonhomogeneous Plant Canopies." In Advances in Bioclimatology, 59–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58136-6_3.

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10

Campbell, Gaylon S., and John M. Norman. "The Light Environment of Plant Canopies." In An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics, 247–78. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1626-1_15.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Plants canopies"

1

Legg, B., and J. Monteith. "HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER WITHIN PLANT CANOPIES." In Archives of Heat Transfer. Washington: Hemisphere, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.1988.20thaht.140.

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2

Legg, B., and J. Monteith. "HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER WITHIN PLANT CANOPIES." In Archives of Heat Transfer. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.1988.aht.140.

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3

Ni, W., C. Woodcock, and D. L. B. Jupp. "Variance in bidirectional reflectance over discontinuous plant canopies." In IGARSS '98. Sensing and Managing the Environment. 1998 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing. Symposium Proceedings. (Cat. No.98CH36174). IEEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.1998.691363.

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4

Hanan, Jim, Michael Renton, and Emily Yorston. "Simulating and visualising spray deposition on plant canopies." In the 1st international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/604471.604524.

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5

Wan, Xuefen, Jian Cui, Yi Yang, and Hui Liu. "Radiation distribution measurement for forest plant canopies tracing." In Photonics Asia, edited by Yongtian Wang, Chunlei Du, Hong Hua, Kimio Tatsuno, and H. Paul Urbach. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.999521.

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Ni, W., Xiaowen Li, and C. E. Woodcock. "A simple hybrid BRDF model for discontinuous plant canopies." In IGARSS '98. Sensing and Managing the Environment. 1998 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing. Symposium Proceedings. (Cat. No.98CH36174). IEEE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.1998.691362.

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7

Hu, Xinli, Xingfa Gu, Tao Yu, and Qingyan Meng. "Polarized reflectance characteristics of plant canopies including atmospheric aerosol optical properties." In Sixth International Symposium on Multispectral Image Processing and Pattern Recognition, edited by Jayaram K. Udupa, Nong Sang, Laszlo G. Nyul, and Hengqing Tong. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.831987.

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8

Smith, James A., Jerrell R. Ballard, Jr., Lee K. Balick, and James R. Getter. "Effect of spatial resolution on thermal IR sensing of plant canopies." In Remote Sensing, edited by Edwin T. Engman. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.332747.

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9

Buck-Sorlin, Gerhard, Reinhard Hemmerling, Ole Kniemeyer, Benno Burema, and Winfried Kurth. "New Rule-Based Modelling Methods for Radiation and Object Avoidance in Virtual Plant Canopies." In 2006 Second International Symposium on Plant Growth Modeling, Simulation, Visualization and Applications. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pma.2006.21.

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10

Thestrup, Birgitte, Carsten Dam-Hansen, Janni B. Lund, and Eva Rosenqvist. "High-power LED illumination system for photosynthetic research on potted plant canopies." In Integrated Optoelectronic Devices 2008, edited by Klaus P. Streubel and Heonsu Jeon. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.762636.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Plants canopies"

1

Alchanatis, Victor, Stephen W. Searcy, Moshe Meron, W. Lee, G. Y. Li, and A. Ben Porath. Prediction of Nitrogen Stress Using Reflectance Techniques. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7580664.bard.

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Commercial agriculture has come under increasing pressure to reduce nitrogen fertilizer inputs in order to minimize potential nonpoint source pollution of ground and surface waters. This has resulted in increased interest in site specific fertilizer management. One way to solve pollution problems would be to determine crop nutrient needs in real time, using remote detection, and regulating fertilizer dispensed by an applicator. By detecting actual plant needs, only the additional nitrogen necessary to optimize production would be supplied. This research aimed to develop techniques for real time assessment of nitrogen status of corn using a mobile sensor with the potential to regulate nitrogen application based on data from that sensor. Specifically, the research first attempted to determine the system parameters necessary to optimize reflectance spectra of corn plants as a function of growth stage, chlorophyll and nitrogen status. In addition to that, an adaptable, multispectral sensor and the signal processing algorithm to provide real time, in-field assessment of corn nitrogen status was developed. Spectral characteristics of corn leaves reflectance were investigated in order to estimate the nitrogen status of the plants, using a commercial laboratory spectrometer. Statistical models relating leaf N and reflectance spectra were developed for both greenhouse and field plots. A basis was established for assessing nitrogen status using spectral reflectance from plant canopies. The combined effect of variety and N treatment was studied by measuring the reflectance of three varieties of different leaf characteristic color and five different N treatments. The variety effect on the reflectance at 552 nm was not significant (a = 0.01), while canonical discriminant analysis showed promising results for distinguishing different variety and N treatment, using spectral reflectance. Ambient illumination was found inappropriate for reliable, one-beam spectral reflectance measurement of the plants canopy due to the strong spectral lines of sunlight. Therefore, artificial light was consequently used. For in-field N status measurement, a dark chamber was constructed, to include the sensor, along with artificial illumination. Two different approaches were tested (i) use of spatially scattered artificial light, and (ii) use of collimated artificial light beam. It was found that the collimated beam along with a proper design of the sensor-beam geometry yielded the best results in terms of reducing the noise due to variable background, and maintaining the same distance from the sensor to the sample point of the canopy. A multispectral sensor assembly, based on a linear variable filter was designed, constructed and tested. The sensor assembly combined two sensors to cover the range of 400 to 1100 nm, a mounting frame, and a field data acquisition system. Using the mobile dark chamber and the developed sensor, as well as an off-the-shelf sensor, in- field nitrogen status of the plants canopy was measured. Statistical analysis of the acquired in-field data showed that the nitrogen status of the com leaves can be predicted with a SEP (Standard Error of Prediction) of 0.27%. The stage of maturity of the crop affected the relationship between the reflectance spectrum and the nitrogen status of the leaves. Specifically, the best prediction results were obtained when a separate model was used for each maturity stage. In-field assessment of the nitrogen status of corn leaves was successfully carried out by non contact measurement of the reflectance spectrum. This technology is now mature to be incorporated in field implements for on-line control of fertilizer application.
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Champagne, C., K. Staenz, A. Bannari, H. P. White, J. C. Deguise, and H. McNairn. Estimation of Plant Water Content of Agricultural Canopies Using Hyperspectral Remote Sensing. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/219955.

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White, H. P., J. R. Miller, and J. M. Chen. Four-Scale Linear Model for Anisotropic Reflectance (FLAIR) for Plant Canopies. I : Model Description and Partial Validation. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/219828.

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Leblanc, S. G. Correction to the plant canopy gap-size analysis theory used by the Tracing Radiation and Architecture of Canopies instrument. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/219860.

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White, H. P., J. R. Miller, and J. M. Chen. Four-Scale Linear Model for Anisotropic Reflectance (FLAIR) for Plant Canopies II: partial Validation and inversion with CASI, POLDER, and PARABOLA data at BOREAS. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/219827.

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