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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Pius VII"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 20 квітня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Pius VII"

Monjo i Dalmau, Francesc Joan. "El restabliment de la Companyia de Jesús a València." SCRIPTA. Revista Internacional de Literatura i Cultura Medieval i Moderna 11, no. 11 (June 11, 2018): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/scripta.11.12585.

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Resum: L’expulsió de la Companyia de Jesús, decretada per Carles III el 1767, obrí un llarg període de foscor per als jesuïtes hispànics. Tanmateix, el cop de gràcia a l’orde vindria de la mà del papa Climent XIV, que, pressionat per la monarquia espanyola –l’ambaixador del rei hispànic a Roma Moñino recorregué a la coacció i al suborn d’afins al pontífex–, declarà extingida la Companyia el 21 de juliol del 1773. Els jesuïtes suprimits van conrear la propaganda durant més de quaranta anys per tal de revertir la situació. Finalment, el 1814 el papa Pius VII restablí l’orde jesuïta a tot el món mitjançant la butlla Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum, i els regulars ignasians van obtenir, un any després, el desitjat permís de Ferran VII per tornar als territoris hispànics. El 18 de juliol del 1816 els jesuïtes prenien possessió de la Casa Professa, ara convertida en col·legi. Paraules clau: Jesuïtes, restauració, Pius VII, Ferran VII, València Abstract: The expulsion of the Society of Jesus, decreed by Charles III of Spain in 1767, initiated a long period of darkness for the Hispanic Jesuits. Although the coup de grace to the order would come by the hands of Pope Clement XIV, who was pressured by the Spanish monarchy (the ambassador of the Hispanic king in Rome Moñino resorted to the coercion and subornation of those who were related to the pontiff), declared the Society extinguished on July 21, 1773. The suppressed Jesuits produced propaganda for more than forty years to reverse the situation. Finally, in 1814 Pope Pius VII restored the Jesuit Order around the world through the Bull Sollicitudo omnium ecclesiarum, and one year later the regular Ignatians obtained the desired permission from Ferdinand VII to return to the Hispanic territories. On July 18, 1816, the Jesuits took possession of Casa Professa, now converted into a school. Keywords: Jesuits, restoration, Pius VII, Ferdinand VII, València.

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Olson, Roberta J. M. "Representations of Pope Pius VII: The First Risorgimento Hero." Art Bulletin 68, no. 1 (March 1986): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3050866.

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Olson, Roberta J. M. "Representations of Pope Pius VII: The First Risorgimento Hero." Art Bulletin 68, no. 1 (March 1986): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00043079.1986.10788314.

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Eremin, Vladimir. "From Compromise to Intransigence: Napoleon and Pius VII (A.A. Caiani. To Kidnap a Pope. Napoleon and Pius VII. New Haven; London, 2021)." Novaia i noveishaia istoriia, no. 2 (2022): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013038640016564-8.

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Musa, Ivica. "The Church and the Secular State." Obnovljeni život 78, no. 2 (April 19, 2023): 245–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31337/oz.78.2.8.

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The history of the relationship between Pope Pius VII and Napoleon Bonaparte, from the political aspect, as well as their personal relationship, is an interesting topic for both historians and novelists, for psychologists, and sociologists; moreover, there is a hagiographic side to their relationship, namely the relationship between persecutor and persecuted. The ensuing text will focus mainly on the key event of the liaison between these two protagonists which was broken due to the signing (and implementation) of the Concordat of 1801. This event — a dry diplomatic act — is most certainly an introduction to a new page in the life of the Church in post–revolutionary Europe and the world. In this respect, tribute should be paid to Pope Pius VII.

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McGlone, James P. "To Kidnap a Pope: Napoleon and Pius VII, by Ambrogio Caiani." Chesterton Review 49, no. 1 (2023): 126–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/chesterton2023491/218.

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Padberg, John W., and Margaret M. O'Dwyer. "Papacy in the Age of Napoleon and the Restoration: Pius VII, 1800-1823." American Historical Review 92, no. 5 (December 1987): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1868522.

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Magrini, Donata, Susanna Bracci, Roberta Iannaccone, Lucia Nucci, and Barbara Salvadori. "Chemical Characterization of Pope Pius VII Ancient Ecclesiastical Vestment by a Multi-Analytical Approach." Heritage 4, no. 3 (August 6, 2021): 1616–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4030090.

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This paper presents a multi-analytical investigation performed for the study of the ecclesiastical vestment, with insignia, of Pope Pius VII, painted from the end of the 18th up to the beginning of the 19th century, made of five clothing elements: chasuble, stole, maniple, chalice veil and purse. The aim of this research was to assess the conservation state of the silk and painted backgrounds; to define the manufacturing technique of the work; to localize, if present, the underdrawing and any retouching; to identify the pigments and, where possible, the binders used. A diagnostic protocol was developed based on preliminary investigations through multiband imaging techniques known as MBI (visible, ultraviolet-induced visible luminescence (UVL), near-infrared reflected (NIR) and infrared reflected false color (IRRFC) photography). The images acquired with MBI techniques ensured a more specific choice of spots to be analyzed directly in situ by non-invasive techniques. In particular, portable digital optical microscopy and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) were performed. Two fragments detached from the chasuble were also analyzed by microFT-IR, microRaman, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Application of the multi-analytical protocol enabled the materials used to be characterized and helped to define the peculiar execution technique used. The presence of an underdrawing made with a carbon pencil was highlighted by MBI. Red lakes, iron-based pigments and copper-based pigments have been identified on the painting palette, applied with arabic gum as a binder.

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Esdaile, Charles J. "Book Review: To Kidnap a Pope: Napoleon and Pius VII by A. A. Caiani." European History Quarterly 51, no. 4 (October 2021): 579–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02656914211049090f.

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Stine, Vincent. "Ambrogio A.Caiani: To Kidnap a Pope: Napoleon and Pius VII. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2021; pp. ix + 281." Journal of Religious History 46, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): 259–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9809.12837.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Pius VII"

Le, Bras Yann. "La démission et la révocation par le pape des évêques français à l'occasion du concordat de 1801 : histoire, enjeux et perpectives canoniques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Clermont Auvergne (2021-...), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UCFAD006.

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À peine arrivé au pouvoir, Bonaparte propose au pape Pie VII de rétablir le culte catholique en France, ce qui sera formalisé par le concordat de 1801. En échange, il exige, entre autres, que tous les évêques alors reconnus par Rome soient destitués et remplacés par d’autres, nommés par lui. Pie VII est placé dans l’embarras. Il ne sait pas s’il a le droit de révoquer d’autorité des évêques. Il prend le parti de leur demander de démissionner, mais près de la moitié d’entre eux refuse. Le maintien sur leurs sièges de ces évêques empêcherait la conclusion du Concordat, que Pie VII estime être un grand bien pour l’Église. C’est en vue de ce bien qu’il finit par considérer qu’il possède l’autorité pour révoquer les évêques non-démissionnaires. Cette thèse se propose d’établir l’histoire de cette décision, à partir, entre autres, de l’exploitation d’archives inédites, dont les plus importantes sont publiées dans leur intégralité. Elle chercher à expliquer comment le Saint-Siège parvient, à la faveur de la Restauration, à la faire accepter à l’ensemble de l’épiscopat. Il en détaille les enjeux, tant pour l’époque que pour la postérité. En définitive, ce texte soutient la thèse que, même si Pie VII a pris une décision sans précédent, cette dernière était conforme à la tradition canonique. Elle est, en outre, aujourd’hui encore, riche d’enseignement, tant au niveau théologique que canonique et même pratique. Elle pourrait même, sous certains aspects, être une source d’inspiration du Saint-Siège dans ses relations avec certains pays
As soon as he came to power, Bonaparte proposed to Pope Pius VII to re-establish Catholic worship in France, which was formalised by the Concordat of 1801. In exchange, he demanded, among other things, that all the bishops then recognised by Rome be removed from office and replaced by others appointed by him. Pius VII was in a quandary. He did not know whether he had the right to dismiss bishops. He decided to ask them to resign, but nearly half of them refused. The retention of these bishops in their seats would prevent the conclusion of the Concordat, which Pius VII considered a great good for the Church. It was with this good in mind that he came to believe that he had the authority to dismiss the non-resigning bishops. This work aims at establishing the history of this decision. Among other things, we used a lot of unpublished archives, the most important of which are published here in their entirety. The thesis seeks to explain how the Holy See succeeded, under the Restoration, in getting the entire episcopate to accept his decision. It details the issues at stake, by that time and after. Ultimately, this text supports the thesis that, even if Pius VII took an unprecedented decision, he acted in conformity with the whole canonical tradition. This decision can, moreover, still give theological, canonical and even practical lessons today. In some respects, it could even be a source of inspiration for the Holy See in its relations with certain countries

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Georges, Carolin. "Dendroklimatologisk analys av lokalklimat vid Grövelsjön i Dalafjällen." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för naturgeografi och kvartärgeologi (INK), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-90133.

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Climate on earth is getting warmer, which effects earth’s energy balance and so forth the ocean and atmospheric circulation. In many sub-polar regions on the northern hemisphere changes due to warming of the climate can be observed. Some examples that already have been observed are shifts in tree line, towards higher altitudes and latitudes, increased ablation of Swedish glaciers and melting of the permafrost on the Siberian tundra. In Sweden climate change scenarios tell us that it will become warmer and that a higher amount of precipitation in form of rain will be an effect from this. To study climate changes in Sweden, transition zones are useful in order to observe changes in distribution of species and animal populations. This study uses tree rings from Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) that grow at the tree line in Grövelsjön that is part of the mountains in Dalarna County. By measuring the width of the tree rings, a chronology that is representative for July temperature is made over this area. The method is called dendroclimatology and has generally been used to reconstruct past climate for the last 1000 years. The results of this study show that the tree ring chronology don’t show a clear increase in temperature for the last century, which could have been expected from an area like this. But the result also show that when instrumentally measured temperature were plotted month by month, the only month with significant up going trend in temperature in this area is April. A temperature change in April does not leave a signal in the tree rings because it is too cold for them to grow that early in the season.

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Corsten, Angela. "Påven i spegellandet : påvens ämbetsutövning via pressen, undersökt med hjälp av ett historiskt exempel : Pius XII och Johannes XXIII i svenska och tyska tidningar 1958 /." Eslöv : Brutus Östlings bokförlag Symposion, 1996. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37067662g.

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Ben, Abdallah Alaeddine. ""Énoncé de l'errance et errance de l'énonciation dans les romans de Tahar Ben Jelloun, Abdelkébir Khatibi, Ahmadou Kourouma et Pius Ngandu Nkashama"." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20835.

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À la lecture de certains romans de l'Afrique francophone, nous avons observé une prédilection pour la notion de l'errance comme tension vers un ailleurs géographique et surtout imaginaire qui caractérise l'hexis et l'éthos des protagonistes. Dans ce sens, notre corpus, constitué de La prière de l'absent et Partir de Tahar Ben Jelloun, Pèlerinage d'un artiste amoureux d'Abdelkébir Khatibi, Allah n'est pas obligé d'Ahmadou Kourouma, Les étoiles écrasées de Pius Ngandu Nkashama et un corpus secondaire des mêmes auteurs, nous paraît assez représentatif de cette errance. Le style d'écriture de ces romans semble se soumettre à la même esthétique, celle de l'éclatement diégétique et narratif. Tous ces romans illustrent pertinemment le déploiement discursif de l'errance. À travers les pérégrinations géographiques et les divagations se profile un tiraillement, une tension qui tenaille les protagonistes errants. Entre parcours chaotique et aspiration à un ailleurs meilleur, les personnages n'ont devant eux qu'une solution, errer. L'errance, telle qu'elle se donne à lire dans ces romans, dénote clairement le parcours chaotique du protagoniste et reflète son état d'esprit qui, dans son vagabondage et son perpétuel déplacement, se laisse aller à une imagination débridée. Cette errance contamine l'énonciation et introduit une déconstruction textuelle sur les plans narratif et énonciatif. Notre lecture du texte repose sur la sociologie institutionnelle, d'une part, et sur la théorie de l'énonciation, de l'autre. Cette démarche dévoile l'interaction entre le statut social des écrivains et les postures discursives investies dans l'énoncé de leurs textes. Il est ainsi facile de saisir les choix rhétoriques et les stratégies discursives de l'auteur où la notion de l' errance se décline sur les procédés poétiques, mais aussi sur un imaginaire éclaté.

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Soudant, Alex. "Interrogating tree response to climate forcing via high resolution stable carbon isotope (δ13C) analysis of Pinus sylvestris L. and eddy covariance measurements". Thesis, Swansea University, 2015. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42353.

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Tree-rings are natural archives of the climate variation experienced by trees during their life span. Because trees actively discriminate against 13C versus 12C in atmospheric carbon dioxide due to environmental forcing inducing higher assimilation of 12C in optimal conditions for growth, the ratio between these two isotopes represents a record of climate variability occurring at the time of the wood formation. Therefore, the delta13C can be used to reconstruct palaeoclimate from when the trees sampled were living. As the instrumental period from meteorological methods to measure climate is relatively short (last 150 years), the calibration between delta13C time series and climatic data can be used to improve the understanding of climate variability through longer periods. The main objective of this study is to produce a consistent methodology for the reconstruction of climate and environmental forcing on trees from the high resolution delta13C time series over the period 1997-2009 at three study sites in Europe where extensive eddy covariance measurements have been conducted. This atmospheric measurement technique permits a very fine resolution to observe the exchange of gases between the atmosphere and a land surface with additional applications in meteorology. At Hyytiala, dendrometer and microcore measurements were used to test if a methodology can be developed to predict the occurrence of radial growth during years when dendrological data are missing. The modeling of the intra-annual rate of growth is then performed via the Gompertz equation. Integration of cell life time to match climate information with time delta13C series is also assessed. The delta13C signature from both inter- and intra-annual resolution are tested against three weather variables: photosynthetically active radiation, temperature and precipitation. The results show stronger linear responses from the delta13C time series of the most northern site (Hyytiala, Finland) to the weather variables while the two other study sites (Norunda, Sweden and Loobos, the Netherlands) did not show significant linear relationships at both annual and intra-annual resolution. The approach developed in this study represents a first step in developing a generic method accessible for non-specialists in dendroclimatology for the use of delta13C time series as climate archives.

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Soto, Pinka Yerko Alberto. "Evaluación de un ensayo de silvicultura intensiva en plantación de pino insgine (Pinus radiata D. Don) en un suelo arenoso de la VIII Región." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2006. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105100.

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Este estudio consistió en realizar una evaluación de un ensayo de silvicultura intensiva, en una plantación de pino insigne (Pinus radiata D. Don) en un suelo arenoso de la VIII región. El tipo de suelo corresponde a la serie Coreo.

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Cetolin, Sirlei F?vero. "A desconstru??o de divisas (in) vis?veis em torno do acesso ? sa?de na regi?o de munic?pios fronteiri?os do Mercosul." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2006. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/504.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:20:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 381396.pdf: 1390136 bytes, checksum: 88ba53823aaf197fd3f429ba9c50909e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-07-25
A an?lise empreendida nesta tese parte da compreens?o do acesso ? sa?de como express?o de direito humano fundamental, independentemente de territ?rio e nacionalidade, e que deve ser garantido a todo sujeito planet?rio. Com vistas, a contemplar o objetivo geral do estudo, aborda-se o acesso ? sa?de em munic?pios fronteiri?os em n?vel nacional e internacional, objetivando fornecer subs?dios para uma an?lise mais ampla da sa?de p?blica no ?mbito do Mercosul. A sa?de ? um direito humano fundamental, mas para que seja garantido o acesso a esse direito ? necess?rio um s?lido investimento social. Cabendo aos governos investir recursos em pol?ticas p?blicas saud?veis e na promo??o da sa?de, proporcionando melhorias no n?vel de vida dos cidad?os; e ao mesmo tempo, aumentando a produtividade da sociedade, tanto em termos sociais quanto econ?micos. Na busca do entendimento de como se d? a compreens?o da pol?tica de sa?de por parte dos gestores e profissionais da sa?de, em especial, dos gestores e profissionais de munic?pios fronteiri?os ? que se debru?a essa tese, priorizandose como l?cus de pesquisa o contexto de munic?pios fronteiri?os de pa?ses latino-americanos, em espec?fico, Argentina e Brasil, Estados-membros do Mercosul. Abrangendo-se dimens?es conceituais atrav?s de um olhar pol?tico e s?cio-antropol?gico, considerado primordial para o entendimento de como o processo/acesso ? sa?de foi se constituindo/expressando atrav?s dos tempos. O estudo foi norteado pela pesquisa qualitativa e utilizou-se para a coleta de dados fontes documentais e orais, prim?rias e secund?rias com a utiliza??o de t?cnicas como entrevistas semi-estruturadas com Gestores Estaduais e Municipais, Profissionais de Sa?de, e a observa??o in locus em Unidades de Sa?de dos munic?pios de Dion?sio Cerqueira(SC) e Barrac?o(PR) no Brasil e Bernardo de Irig?eyn (Missiones) na Argentina. A trajet?ria da investiga??o, revela que, em ?mbito do Mercosul, torna-se fundamental que o processo de integra??o seja ultrapassado no sentido de constituir um aprofundamento na garantia do acesso ? sa?de na regi?o de munic?pios fronteiri?os e, conseq?entemente ao exerc?cio da cidadania vinculada ? garantia dos direitos humanos, incorporando-se novos sujeitos hist?ricos a esse processo. No aspecto de se garantir os direitos humanos, a aus?ncia e/ou presen?a de pol?ticas p?blicas pode estar contrapondo-se aos efeitos perversos presenciados na contemporaneidade, em especial, efeitos advindos da desarticula??o do Estado, principalmente em ?reas primordiais para sobreviv?ncia humana, como a sa?de; sobretudo, afetando aos setores desses pa?ses que se apresentam mais vulner?veis, acentuando-se, dessa maneira, ainda mais as crescentes desigualdades sociais. Tamb?m ? importante a obten??o de outras informa??es sobre o volume, a natureza, as motiva??es, os mecanismos e os resultados obtidos no que tange ao acesso ? sa?de al?m fronteiras, afirmando-se que a maneira como se apresenta a organiza??o dos sistemas de sa?de brasileiro e argentino atrai, a mobilidade territorial na busca pelo acesso ? sa?de, impondo proposi??es de pol?ticas p?blicas que contemplem as v?rias dimens?es envolvidas no processo sa?de-doen?a independentemente de territ?rio e nacionalidade.

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Serviento, Aira Maye. "Réponses dynamiques des porcs en croissance au stress thermique modulées par la vie prénatale et les pratiques d'alimentation." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NSARB360.

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Avec l'augmentation de la température mondiale et des vagues de chaleur plus fréquentes, le stress thermique réduit la production porcine dans de nombreux pays. La diminution de la croissance est principalement liée à une réduction de la consommation alimentaire mais d'autres aspects du stress thermique chez les porcs sont apparus au cours des dernières années. La thèse vise à contribuer aux connaissances actuelles avec les objectifs suivants : 1) étudier l'effet d'un stress thermique prénatal chronique sur la tolérance des porcs à la chaleur, 2) confirmer les effets directs et indirects de l'exposition à la chaleur, 3) évaluer les stratégies d'alimentation qui peuvent aider les porcs pendant le stress thermique, et 4) explorer l'idée que le maintien de l’équilibre thermique est un processus dynamique qui varie tout au long de la journée. Ce projet de thèse a montré qu'un déséquilibre entre la production et la perte de chaleur (charge thermique) et la capacité de perte de chaleur entraîne une réduction des performances, non seulement une croissance réduite, mais également une altération du métabolisme énergétique, des réponses physiologiques et une composition corporelle exacerbée par une exposition au stress thermique pendant la période fœtale.De plus, l'amélioration de la tolérance à la chaleur des porcs est liée dans leur capacité à maintenir un équilibre dynamique entre la production et la perte de chaleur tout au long de la journée, en particulier pendant et après un repas en raison de la forte contribution du comportement alimentaire à la production de chaleur. Nos résultats ont également confirmé la tolérance à la chaleur est en partie déterminée par la capacité des animaux à perdre de la chaleur par la voie évaporative. Les stratégies nutritionnelles liées à un comportement alimentaire modifié ont été évaluée. La supplémentation en levures vivantes a amélioré la sensibilité à l'insuline et l'efficacité de la perte de chaleur qui a aidé les porcs à faire face au stress thermique en modifiant le comportement alimentaire avec des effets positifs sur l'efficacité énergétique lors d'un défi thermique
Heat stress remains to be one of the major limiting factors in swine production in many countries and this concern will rise in the future especially with increasing global temperature and more frequent heat waves due to warming climate. While decreased growth is mainly related to a reduction in feed intake, other aspects of heat stress in growing pigs have emerged in the recent decades. The thesis thus aims to contribute to the current knowledge with the following objectives: 1) to investigate effect of a chronic prenatal heat challenge on pig’s heat tolerance, 2) to confirm direct and indirect effects of heat exposure on pig performance, 3) to evaluate feeding practices that can help pigs cope to a heat challenge, and 4) to explore the idea of maintaining thermal balance as a dynamic process that varies throughout the day. This thesis project has demonstrated that an imbalance between heat production and loss (heat load) results in reduced growth and in altered energy metabolism, physiological responses, and body composition. This later effect is exacerbated in pigs exposed to a chronic prenatal heat challenge. Improved heat tolerance in pigs was found to depend on their ability to maintain dynamic equilibrium between heat production and losses within a day, especially during and after a meal. Our results also confirmed the importance of water intake in improving evaporative heat losses in the ability of pigs to cope with heat stress. Nutritional management practices linked to modified feeding behavior were evaluated. Live yeast supplementation improved insulin sensitivity, increased heat loss efficiency under heat stress, and modified feeding behavior with positive effects on energy efficiency and protein deposition during a heat challenge

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Langer, Carolina Natali. "Energia metabolizável de alimentos energéticos para suínos: predição via meta-análise, determinação e validação por simulação bootstrap." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2013. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1538.

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The proposed objectives in this study were the metabolizable energy (ME) prediction of corn, sorghum and wheat bran from the chemical and energy composition of these foods in national and international literature data; the stepwise procedure validation of regressive selection by bootstrap simulation; the ME determination of these foods for growing pigs and subsequent validation of equations estimated in ME values observed in the experiment, using the bootstrap resampling procedure. For the ME prediction in chemical composition function, we used data from trials of pig metabolism and chemical composition of corn, sorghum and wheat bran, available in national and international scientific literature. Five models of multiple linear regression were adjusted to estimate the ME. In the stepwise procedure validation of regressive selection, it was used the non-parametric bootstrap resampling method, with each sample replacement, from the database formed via meta-analysis. It was observed the significance percentage by regressive (SPR) and the joint occurrence percentage of the model regressive (JOPMR). In the complete model and in the model without the digestible energy inclusion (DE), the DE and the gross energy (GE) were the regressive which presented the highest SPR (DE = 100% and GE = 95.7%), respectively, suggesting the importance of such regressive to explain the ME of energetic foods for pigs. However, the JOPMR were low, with values among 2.6 and 23.4%, indicating a low reliability of the predicted models to estimate the ME of corn, sorghum and wheat bran for pigs. Based on the SPR, the regressive of the models ME4 = 3824.440 - 105.294Ash + 45.008EE - 37.257DA1*CP (R2 = 0.90); ME5 = 3982.994 - 79.970Ash - 44.778DA1*CP - 43.416DA2*Ash (R2 = 0.92) are valid to estimate the ME of energetic food for pigs. In the field trial, we used 44 crossbred pigs, male and castrated, with an average initial weight of 24.3 ± 1.12 kg, in a randomized block experimental design, with ten treatments and a reference ratio. The ten treatments consisted of six corn and two sorghum cultivars, which replaced in 30% the RR, and two wheat brans, which replaced 20% of the RR. The method of total collection of feces and urine was used for determining the ME of food by using ferric oxide as a fecal marker to define the beginning and end of the collection period. The ME values of corn, sorghum and wheat bran for pigs vary from 3.161 to 3.275, from 3.317 to 3.457 and from 2.767 to 2.842 kcal kg-1 of natural matter, respectively. The validation of the ME prediction models was performed through adjusting the linear regression models of 1st degree from the observed values experimentally determined in function of ME predicted values, calculated by replacement of chemical and energetic composition values of foods, determined in laboratory, in the estimated models via meta-analysis, using the ordinary minimum squares method. The validation of 1st degree models and prediction models of ME was verified by testing the joint null hypothesis for the linear regression parameters (H0: β0 = 0 and β1 = 1). The crossvalidation percentage of each estimated model was evaluated by the same validation tests described in the single test validation. The model ME1 generated similar predicted EM values (p>0.05) to the experimentally observed ME values for national corn and sorghum cultivars in single test validation and had the highest percentage of validation (68%) in 200 bootstrap samples. The other models had a low percentage of cross-validation (0 to 29.5%), and the validated model by both procedures, and that can be used for national corn and sorghum is the ME1 = 2.547 + 0.969DE
Os objetivos propostos neste trabalho foram a predição da energia metabolizável (EM) do milho, sorgo e farelo de trigo a partir da composição química e energética desses alimentos em dados de literatura nacional e internacional; a validação do procedimento stepwise de seleção de regressoras por simulação bootstrap; a determinação da EM desses alimentos para suínos em crescimento e a subsequente validação das equações estimadas nos valores de EM observados no experimento, com utilização do método de reamostragem bootstrap. Para a predição da EM em função de composição química, foram utilizados dados de ensaios de metabolismo de suínos e de composição química do milho, sorgo e farelo de trigo, disponibilizados na literatura científica nacional e internacional. Foram ajustados cinco modelos de regressão linear múltipla para estimar a EM. Na validação do procedimento stepwise de seleção de regressoras, utilizou-se o método de reamostragem bootstrap não paramétrico, com reposição de cada amostra, a partir do banco de dados formado via metaanálise. Foi observado o percentual de significância por regressora (PSR) e o percentual de ocorrência conjunta de regressoras do modelo (POCRM). No modelo completo e no modelo sem inclusão de energia digestível (ED), a ED e a energia bruta (EB) foram as regressoras que apresentaram os maiores PSR (ED = 100% e EB = 95,7%), respectivamente, sugerindo a importância de tais regressoras para explicar a EM de alimentos energéticos para suínos. Entretanto, os POCRM apresentaram-se baixos, com valores entre 2,6 e 23,4%, indicando uma baixa confiabilidade dos modelos preditos para estimar a EM do milho, sorgo e farelo de trigo para suínos. Com base no PSR, as regressoras dos modelos EM4 = 3824,44 - 105,29MM + 45,01EE - 37,26DA1*PB (R2 = 0,90) e EM5 = 3982,99 - 79,97MM - 44,78DA1*PB - 43,42DA2*MM (R2 = 0,92) são válidas para estimar a EM de alimentos energéticos para suínos. No experimento de campo, foram utilizados 44 suínos mestiços, machos e castrados, com peso médio inicial de 24,3 ± 1,12 kg, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com dez tratamentos e uma ração referência (RR). Os dez tratamentos consistiram em seis cultivares de milho e dois de sorgo, que substituíram em 30% a RR, e dois farelos de trigo, que substituíram em 20% a RR. O método da coleta total de fezes e urina foi utilizado para determinação da EM dos alimentos. Os valores de EM dos milhos, sorgos e farelos de trigo para suínos variam de 3.161 a 3.275, de 3.317 a 3.457 e de 2.767 a 2.842 kcal kg-1 de matéria natural, respectivamente. A validação dos modelos de predição da EM foi realizada por meio do ajuste de modelos de regressão linear de 1º grau dos valores observados determinados em ensaio sobre os valores preditos de EM, calculados por substituição dos valores de composição química e energética dos alimentos, determinados em laboratório, nos modelos estimados via meta-análise, utilizando-se do método dos mínimos quadrados ordinários. A validação dos modelos de 1º grau e dos modelos de predição da EM foi verificada por meio de teste da hipótese de nulidade conjunta para os parâmetros da regressão linear (H0: β0 = 0 e β1 = 1). O percentual de validação cruzada de cada modelo estimado foi avaliado por meio dos mesmos testes de validação descritos no teste único de validação. O modelo EM1 gerou valores de EM predita semelhantes (p>0,05) aos valores de EM observados em experimento para milhos e sorgos nacionais em teste único de validação e apresentou o maior percentual de validação (68%) em 200 amostras bootstrap. Os demais modelos tiveram baixo percentual de validação cruzada (0 a 29,5%) e o modelo validado por ambos os procedimentos, e que pode ser utilizado para o milho e sorgo nacionais é o EM1a = 2,547 + 0,969ED

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Mermoz, Julien. "La vie religieuse des Cyclades de l’HR IIIC à la fin de la période archaïque." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20023/document.

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Notre thèse traite de l’histoire des sanctuaires et de l’évolution des cultes et de la mythologie cycladiques dans la transition, qui conduit de la fin du monde mycénien à la Grèce classique. Notre première partie (pp. 13-445) est constituée d’une suite de monographies retraçant les changements, qui affectent les habitats et les places cultuelles des différentes îles de l’archipel entre le XIIe et le VIe siècle av. J.-C.. La deuxième partie (pp. 446-558) contient un essai de synthèse et une interprétation des données présentées auparavant. Plus exactement, une réflexion sur les mécanismes de recomposition de l’héritage religieux de l’âge du bronze, qui participent à la définition des panthéons insulaires archaïques. La troisième partie (pp. 559-628) est un essai d’anthropologie religieuse, dans lequel est examinée la notion de création dans la mythologie des Cyclades, à la recherche d’un imaginaire insulaire. Le premier chapitre commence par l’analyse et l’interprétation de la Cosmogonie de Phérécyde de Syros. Le second chapitre vise à mettre en évidence de quelle façon les thèmes symboliques spécifiques au système de Phérécyde se retrouvent également déclinés dans les autres mythes régionaux et trouvent leur origines dans les cultes agraires locaux les plus anciens
The topic of our thesis is the history of the sanctuaries, and the evolution of the worships and mythology in the transition, which leads end of the Mycenaean world to classical Greece. Our first part (pp. 13-445) makes up of a continuation of monographs recalling the changes, which affect the settlements and the worship places of the various islands of the archipelago between XIIe to VIe Century B.C. The second part (pp. 446-558) contains a test of synthesis and an interpretation of the data presented before. More exactly, a reflection on the mechanisms of recombining of the religious heritage of the Bronze Age, which take part in the definition of archaic insulars pantheons. The third part (pp. 559-628) is an assai of religious anthropology, in which the concept of creation in the mythology of Cyclades is examined, in the search of an islander imaginary. The first chapter starts with the analysis and the interpretation of the Cosmogony of Pherekydes of Syros. The second chapter aims at highlighting how the topics symbolic systems specific to the system of Pherekydes are also found declined in the other regional myths and find their origin in the local agrarian worships oldest

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Книги з теми "Pius VII"

The papacy in the age of Napoleon and the Restoration: Pius VII, 1800-1823. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 1985.

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Chile), Instituto Forestal (Santiago, ed. Actualización de volumenes de madera en pie de las plantaciones de pino radiata de la VIII Región. Santiago, Chile: Instituto Forestal, División Inventarios Forestales, 1988.

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Catholic Church. Pope (1846-1878 : Pius IX) and Catholic Church. Pope (1846-1878 : Pius IX), eds. Acta Ss. D.N. Pii PP. IX: Ex quibus excerptus est Syllabus editus die VIII. Decembris MDCCCLXIV. Romae: Typis Rev. Camerae Apostolicae, 1986.

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Jurgens, Henk. Vluchten via het Vaticaan: Over roof en moord, Amerikanen en Kroaten, spionnen en soldaten, òf : waarom Pius XII niet Zalig verklaard wordt. Soesterberg: Aspekt, 2009.

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Vluchten via het Vaticaan: Over roof en moord, Amerikanen en Kroaten, spionnen en soldaten, òf : waarom Pius XII niet Zalig verklaard wordt. Soesterberg: Aspekt, 2009.

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1952-, Martin J. L., and International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena (8th : 1992 : Juan-les-Pins, France), eds. Ultrafast phenomena VIII: Proceedings of the 8th international conference, Antibes Juan-les-Pins, France, June 8-12, 1992. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1993.

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Corsten, Angela. Påven i spegellandet: Påvens ämbetsutövning via pressen, undersökt med hjälp av ett historiskt exempel : Pius XII och Johannes XXIII i svenska och tyska tidningar 1958. Stockholm: B. Östlings Bokförlag Symposium, 1996.

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Bodini, Gianni. Lungo le vene d'acqua: Le più belle escursioni tra natura e cultura in Alto Adige : guida attraverso un affascinante mondo in lenta via di estinzione. Lana: Tappeiner, 1993.

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Family Life in America (Association). Fathers and Christian marriage: Husbands and fathers : animator's handbook, year II. [Minneapolis, MN]: FAMILIA, 1998.

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Le strade di Firenze: La storia di una città attraverso la guida alfabetica di 2400 vie, piazze e canti : aneddoti, arte, storia e curiosità della città più affascinante del mondo. Roma: Newton Compton, 1994.

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Частини книг з теми "Pius VII"

Oberholzer, Paul. "Die Wiederherstellung der Gesellschaft Jesu durch Pius VII. 1814 – Schlussstein eines langen Prozesses." In Der Wiener Kongress – eine kirchenpolitische Zäsur?, 269–306. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.13109/9783666101236.269.

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Fennema, M., O. Prakash, M. Dhasmana, S. Faithfull, and W. Erdmann. "Changes in Intramyocardial Oxygen Tensions during Hypothermia in Pigs." In Oxygen Transport to Tissue VIII, 349–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5188-7_43.

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Korobova, N., Yu Dolgovykh, A. Pogalov, G. Blinov, and S. Timoshenkov. "Mounting of Multi-Pin Bare Chips with Ball Pins on a Flexible Polyimide Board." In Processing and Properties of Advanced Ceramics and Composites VII, 151–55. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119183860.ch16.

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Fries, G., Th Wallenfang, O. Kempski, J. Hennen, M. Velthaus, and A. Perneczky. "Brain Oedema and Intracranial Pressure in Superior Sagittal Sinus Balloon Occlusion. An Experimental Study in Pigs." In Brain Edema VIII, 231–32. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-9115-6_77.

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Pozynich, Konstantin, Svetlana Telnova, and Evgeny Pozynich. "Sandwich Belt High-Angle Conveyors in Solving the Transportation Problems of Deep Open Pits." In VIII International Scientific Siberian Transport Forum, 110–24. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37919-3_12.

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Duncan, J. Garrow. "CHAPTER VIII: SHAGHANBEH, OR BURRU EL YUSEF — "THE PITS OF JOSEPH"." In Hyksos and Israelite Cites, edited by J. Garrow Duncan, 52–54. Piscataway, NJ, USA: Gorgias Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31826/9781463228132-010.

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Havlík, Vratislav, and Vít Hloušek. "Differential Illiberalism: Classifying Illiberal Trends in Central European Party Politics." In Palgrave Studies in European Union Politics, 111–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54674-8_5.

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Abstract This chapter explores illiberal trends in the party systems of the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. Focusing on ANO, SMER, Fidesz and PiS, it first provides a comparative analysis of the ideology these parties use to appeal to the voters. Secondly, it traces the parties in power and analyses how they are translating the illiberal political concepts into laws and policy-making practices. The overarching aim is to understand the relevance that rule of law and legal issues have for the self-positioning vis-à-vis the national public and EU. Based on comparison and the empirical findings, it provides a typology of Central European illiberalism based on the difference between pragmatic and ideological illiberalism.

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"Kapitel VII. Ergebnisse." In Severus Pius Augustus, 379–86. BRILL, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004201927.i-580.38.

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Reinhardt, Volker. "13. Selbstabschließung und Sackgasse Von Pius VII. bis Pius X. (1800–1914)." In Pontifex, 743–820. Verlag C.H.BECK oHG, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/9783406703829-743.

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"Vorwort." In Verzeichnis der in den Supplikenregistern der Poenitentiarie Pius’ III. und Julius’ II. vorkommenden Personen, Kirchen und Orte des Deutschen Reiches (1503–1513), vii—viii. De Gruyter, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110377422.vii.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Pius VII"

Piscione, Micaela. "Urbanización sostenible post pandemia COVID-19 en el área programática de un Centro de Atención Primaria de la Salud de Pilar." In VII Congreso Internacional. Instituto de Ciencias para la Familia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.26422/icf.2021.cong07.pis.

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He, Yuchen R., Shenghua He, Mikhail E. Kandel, Young Jae Lee, Nahil Sobh, Mark Anastasio, and Gabriel Popescu. "Cell cycle detection using phase imaging with computational specificity (PICS)." In Quantitative Phase Imaging VII, edited by Gabriel Popescu, YongKeun Park, and Yang Liu. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2584432.

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Goswami, Neha, Yuchen R. He, Yu-Heng Deng, Chamteut Oh, Nahil Sobh, Enrique Valera, Rashid Bashir, et al. "Single virus detection using phase imaging with computational specificity (PICS)." In Quantitative Phase Imaging VII, edited by Gabriel Popescu, YongKeun Park, and Yang Liu. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2584450.

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Hu, Chenfei, Shenghua He, Young Jae Lee, Yuchen R. He, Mark Anastasio, and Gabriel Popescu. "Label-free cell viability assay using phase imaging with computational specificity (PICS)." In Quantitative Phase Imaging VII, edited by Gabriel Popescu, YongKeun Park, and Yang Liu. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2584228.

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Peterka, František. "Analysis of Motion of the Impact-Dry-Friction Pair of Bodies and its Application to the Investigation of the Impact Dampers Dynamics." In ASME 1999 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc99/vib-8350.

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Abstract The motion with impacts and dry friction forces appears in some mechanical systems as mechanisms with clearances, (e.g., in gearings, pins, slots, guides, valve gears etc.), impact dampers, relays, forming and mailing machines, power pics etc. Such mechanisms include one or more pairs of impacting bodies, which introduce the strong nonlinearity into the system motion. The motion of the general pair of bodies with the both-sides impacts and dry friction forces is assumed (Fig.1). It can be the part of a more complex chain of masses in the mechanical system. Dead zones in the relative motion of bodies can be caused by assumed nonlinearities. The mathematical conditions controlling the numerical simulations or analytical solution of the motion are introduced. The application of this method is explained by the study of the influence of dry friction force on amplitude-frequency characteristics of four types of dynamical and impact dampers with optimised parameters.

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Fanous, Michael J., Gabriel Popescu, Krishnarao Tangella, and Nahil Sobh. "White blood cell detection, classification and analysis using phase imaging with computational specificity (PICS)." In Quantitative Phase Imaging VII, edited by Gabriel Popescu, YongKeun Park, and Yang Liu. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2584464.

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Fanous, Michael J., Gabriel Popescu, Chuqiao Shi, Megan Caputo, Laurie Rund, Rodney Johnson, Tapas Das, Matthew Kuchan, and Nahil Sobh. "Label-free screening of myelin distribution in brain tissue using phase imaging with computational specificity (PICS)." In Quantitative Phase Imaging VII, edited by Gabriel Popescu, YongKeun Park, and Yang Liu. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2584463.

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Drews Aguiar Mengue, Solange, and Roger Morony Martins. "A UTILIZAÇÃO DE RESIDUAL DO MANEJO DO PINUS ssp. (ACÍCULAS ) EM OFICINA DE PAPEL RECICLADO COMO ALTERNATIVA DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DA CIDADANIA." In IV SUSTENTARE e VII WIPIS. ,: Even3, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/sustentare_wipis_2022.571192.

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Drews Aguiar Mengue, Solange, Moisés de Souza, and Roger Morony Martins. "A UTILIZAÇÃO DOS RESÍDUOS DE PINUS (SERAPILHEIRA) COMO COBERTURA E PREVENÇÃO DO CRESCIMENTO DE ERVAS DANINHAS EM ACESSOS DE HORTA CASEIRA." In IV SUSTENTARE e VII WIPIS. ,: Even3, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/sustentare_wipis_2022.571195.

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Goswami, Neha, Young J. Lee, Hanchu Dai, H. Rex Gaskins, and Gabriel Popescu. "Studying mitochondrial network dynamics using phase imaging with computational specificity (PICS)." In Quantitative Phase Imaging VIII, edited by Gabriel Popescu, YongKeun Park, and Yang Liu. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2615270.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Pius VII"

Yilmaz, Ihsan, and Kainat Shakil. Religious Populism and Vigilantism: The Case of the Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan. European Center for Populism Studies (ECPS), January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55271/pp0001.

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Religious populism and radicalism are hardly new to Pakistan. Since its birth in 1947, the country has suffered through an ongoing identity crisis. Under turbulent political conditions, religion has served as a surrogate identity for Pakistan, masking the country’s evident plurality, and over the years has come to dominate politics. Tehreek-e-Labbaik Pakistan (TLP) is the latest face of religious extremism merged with populist politics. Nevertheless, its sporadic rise from a national movement defending Pakistan’s notorious blasphemy laws to a “pious” party is little understood. This paper draws on a collection of primary and secondary sources to piece together an account of the party’s evolution that sheds light on its appeal to “the people” and its marginalization and targeting of the “other.” The analysis reveals that the TLP has evolved from a proxy backed by the establishment against the mainstream parties to a full-fledged political force in its own right. Its ability to relate to voters via its pious narrative hinges on exploiting the emotional insecurities of the largely disenfranchised masses. With violence legitimized under the guise of religion, “the people” are afforded a new sense of empowerment. Moreover, the party’s rhetoric has given rise to a vigilante-style mob culture so much so that individuals inspired by this narrative have killed in plain sight without remorse. To make matters worse, the incumbent government of Imran Khan — itself a champion of Islamist rhetoric — has made repeated concessions and efforts to appease the TLP that have only emboldened the party. Today, the TLP poses serious challenges to Pakistan’s long-standing, if fragile, pluralistic social norms and risks tipping the country into an even deadlier cycle of political radicalization.

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Thornton, E. C., and J. E. Amonette. Gas treatment of Cr(VI)-contaminated sediment samples from the North 60`s pits of the chemical waste landfill. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/565355.

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Harman, Gary E., and Ilan Chet. Enhancing Crop Yield through Colonization of the Rhizosphere with Beneficial Microbes. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7580684.bard.

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At the start of this project, fungi in the genus Trichoderma were known to be potent biocontrol agents, and their primary mechanism was considered to via direct effects upon the target fungi. Due in large part to the efforts of the two PIs, we now know that this view is far too limited; while Trichoderma spp. do indeed have direct effects on pathogenic fungi, they have very far reaching effects directly upon plants. Indeed, these fungi must be considered as opportunistic plant symbionts; they provide a number of benefits to plants and themselves are favored by large numbers of healthy roots. Research under this BARD grant has demonstrated that These fungi induce resistance mechanisms in plants. They increase root development and depth of rooting; Bradyrhizobium enhances this effect in soybean. They enhance uptake of plant nutrients. They have abilities to solubilize nutrients, such as oxidized metals and insoluble phosphorus compounds by a variety of different mechanisms and biochemicals. This is a marked expansion of our knowledge of the abilities of these organisms. This knowledge has direct implications for understanding of basic plant responses and abilities, and already is being used to improve plant productivity and reduce pollution of the environment.

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Dickman, Martin B., and Oded Yarden. Modulation of the Redox Climate and Phosphatase Signaling in a Necrotroph: an Axis for Inter- and Intra-cellular Communication that Regulates Development and Pathogenicity. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7697112.bard.

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The long-term goals of our research are to understand the regulation of sclerotial development and pathogenicity in S. sclerotiorum. The focus in this project is on the elucidation of the signaling events and environmental cues that contribute to broad pathogenic success of S. sclerotiorum. In this proposal, we have taken advantage of the recent conceptual (ROS/PPs signaling) and technical (genome sequence availability and gene inactivation possibilities) developments to address the following questions, as appear in our research goals stated below, specifically concerning the involvement of REDOX signaling and protein dephosphorylation in the regulation of hyphal/sclerotial development and pathogenicity of S. sclerotiorum. Our stated specific objectives were to progress our understanding of the following questions: (i) Which ROS species affect S. sclerotiorum development and pathogenicity? (ii) In what manner do PPs affect S. sclerotiorum development and pathogenicity? (iii) Are PPs affected by ROS production and does PP activity affect ROS production and SMK1? (iv) How does Sclerotinia modulate the redox environment in both host and pathogen? While addressing these questions, our main findings include the identification and characterization the NADPH oxidase (NOX) family in S. sclerotiorum. Silencing of Ssnox1 indicated a central role for this enzyme in both virulence and pathogenic (sclerotial) development, while inactivation of Ssnox2 resulted in limited sclerotial development but remained fully pathogenic. Interestingly, we found a consistent correlation with Ssnox1(involved with pathogenicity) and oxalate levels. This same observation was also noted with Sssod1. Thus, fungal enzymes involved in oxidative stress tolerance,when inactivated, also exhibit reduced OA levels. We have also shown that protein phosphatases (specifically PP2A and PTP1) are involved in morphogenesis and pathogenesis of S. sclerotiorum, demonstrating the regulatory role of these key proteins in the mentioned processes. While probing the redox environment and host-pathogen interactions we determined that oxalic acid is an elicitor of plant programmed cell death during S. sclerotiorum disease development and that oxalic acid suppresses host defense via manipulation of the host redox environment. During the course of this project we also contributed to the progress of understanding S. sclerotiorum function and the manipulation of this fungus by establishing an efficient gene replacement and direct hyphal transformation protocols in S. sclerotiorum. Lastly, both PIs were involved in thegenomic analysis of this necrotrophic fungal pathogen (along with Botrytis cinerea). Our results have been published in 11 papers (including joint papers and refereed reviews) and have set the basis for a continuum towards a better understanding and eventual control of this important pathogen (with implications to other fungal-host systems as well).

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D’Agostino, Martin, Nigel Cook, Liam O’Connor, Annette Sansom, Dima Semaan, Anne Wood, Sue Keenan, and Linda Scobie. Optimising extraction and RT-qPCR-based detection of hepatitis E virus (HEV) from pork meat and products. Food Standards Agency, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.ylv958.

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Hepatitis E is an infection of the liver caused by the hepatitis E virus (HEV). HEV infection usually produces a mild disease, hepatitis E. However, disease symptoms can vary from no apparent symptoms to liver failure. There are 4 main types (genotypes) of the virus that cause concern in humans. Genotypes 1 and 2 infections are mainly restricted to humans but 3 and 4 can be identified in numerous other animal species including pigs. Transmission routes of HEV genotypes 3 and 4 have been identified to include the consumption of food products derived from infected animals and shellfish, and via transfusion of infected blood products. Hepatitis E infection is still an emerging issue in the UK and there is evidence to suggest an association of this virus with undercooked pork and pork products. Currently, there is no standardized method for evaluating the stability of HEV that may be present in food during cooking processes. There is also lack of a suitable method that can detect only infectious HEV. The proposed project aimed to address a key gap in resources for methodology related to the detection of HEV in pork and pork products. Currently the lack of a standardised method for the detection of HEV has resulted in individual laboratories either utilising their own methods or adapting methods from previously published work. This leads to a high degree of variability between the interpretation of results and does nothing to progress or provide benefit to the food industry. By interrogating the existing published methods, the project sought to refine and optimise elements of existing protocols in order to enhance the performance characteristics of the method and to simplify the methodology wherever possible. The aim was to produce a validated method which is both robust and repeatable which can be easily integrated into food laboratories capable of performing virus related work. Overall, the final method chosen was devoid of hazardous reagents and utilised easily accessible equipment. To verify the robustness of the method, an international collaborative trial was performed, with 4 UK and 3 European participant laboratories. The participating laboratories conducted analyses of pork liver samples artificially contaminated with various levels of HEV (including uncontaminated samples). The trial showed that the HEV DETECT method was just as reproducible between laboratories as it was repeatable within a laboratory. It is envisaged that the developed system will be put forward as a suitable candidate for ISO certification as a standard method. The establishment of these methods in UK laboratories could result in the availability of independent testing services for both domestic and imported pork /pork-based products. The availability of this method is in essence innovation. This work is essential to industry to help support further research to ensure that public health safety and confidence in pork and other “HEV risk” food products is maintained and improved.

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Cahaner, Avigdor, Susan J. Lamont, E. Dan Heller, and Jossi Hillel. Molecular Genetic Dissection of Complex Immunocompetence Traits in Broilers. United States Department of Agriculture, August 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586461.bard.

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Objectives: (1) Evaluate Immunocompetence-OTL-containing Chromosomal Regions (ICRs), marked by microsatellites or candidate genes, for magnitude of direct effect and for contribution to relationships among multiple immunocompetence, disease-resistance, and growth traits, in order to estimate epistatic and pleiotropic effects and to predict the potential breeding applications of such markers. (2) Evaluate the interaction of the ICRs with genetic backgrounds from multiple sources and of multiple levels of genetic variation, in order to predict the general applicability of molecular genetic markers across widely varied populations. Background: Diseases cause substantial economic losses to animal producers. Emerging pathogens, vaccine failures and intense management systems increase the impact of diseases on animal production. Moreover, zoonotic pathogens are a threat to human food safety when microbiological contamination of animal products occurs. Consumers are increasingly concerned about drug residues and antibiotic- resistant pathogens derived from animal products. The project used contemporary scientific technologies to investigate the genetics of chicken resistance to infectious disease. Genetic enhancement of the innate resistance of chicken populations provides a sustainable and ecologically sound approach to reduce microbial loads in agricultural populations. In turn, animals will be produced more efficiently with less need for drug treatment and will pose less of a potential food-safety hazard. Major achievements, conclusions and implications:. The PI and co-PIs had developed a refined research plan, aiming at the original but more focused objectives, that could be well-accomplished with the reduced awarded support. The successful conduct of that research over the past four years has yielded substantial new information about the genes and genetic markers that are associated with response to two important poultry pathogens, Salmonella enteritidis (SE) and Escherichia coli (EC), about variation of immunocompetence genes in poultry, about relationships of traits of immune response and production, and about interaction of genes with environment and with other genes and genetic background. The current BARD work has generated a base of knowledge and expertise regarding the genetic variation underlying the traits of immunocompetence and disease resistance. In addition, unique genetic resource populations of chickens have been established in the course of the current project, and they are essential for continued projects. The US laboratory has made considerable progress in studies of the genetics of resistance to SE. Microsatellite-marked chromosomal regions and several specific genes were linked to SE vaccine response or bacterial burden and the important phenomenon of gene interaction was identified in this system. In total, these studies demonstrate the role of genetics in SE response, the utility of the existing resource population, and the expertise of the research group in conducting such experiments. The Israeli laboratories had showed that the lines developed by selection for high or low level of antibody (Ab) response to EC differ similarly in Ab response to several other viral and bacterial pathogens, indicating the existence of a genetic control of general capacity of Ab response in young broilers. It was also found that the 10w-Ab line has developed, possibly via compensatory "natural" selection, higher cellular immune response. At the DNA levels, markers supposedly linked to immune response were identified, as well as SNP in the MHC, a candidate gene responsible for genetic differences in immunocompetence of chickens.

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Epel, Bernard, and Roger Beachy. Mechanisms of intra- and intercellular targeting and movement of tobacco mosaic virus. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2005.7695874.bard.

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To cause disease, plant viruses must replicate and spread locally and systemically within the host. Cell-to-cell virus spread is mediated by virus-encoded movement proteins (MPs), which modify the structure and function of plasmodesmata (Pd), trans-wall co-axial membranous tunnels that interconnect the cytoplasm of neighboring cells. Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) employ a single MP for cell- cell spread and for which CP is not required. The PIs, Beachy (USA) and Epel (Israel) and co-workers, developed new tools and approaches for study of the mechanism of spread of TMV that lead to a partial identification and molecular characterization of the cellular machinery involved in the trafficking process. Original research objectives: Based on our data and those of others, we proposed a working model of plant viral spread. Our model stated that MPᵀᴹⱽ, an integral ER membrane protein with its C-terminus exposed to the cytoplasm (Reichel and Beachy, 1998), alters the Pd SEL, causes the Pd cytoplasmic annulus to dilate (Wolf et al., 1989), allowing ER to glide through Pd and that this gliding is cytoskeleton mediated. The model claimed that in absence of MP, the ER in Pd (the desmotubule) is stationary, i.e. does not move through the Pd. Based on this model we designed a series of experiments to test the following questions: -Does MP potentiate ER movement through the Pd? - In the presence of MP, is there communication between adjacent cells via ER lumen? -Does MP potentiate the movement of cytoskeletal elements cell to cell? -Is MP required for cell-to-cell movement of ER membranes between cells in sink tissue? -Is the binding in situ of MP to RNA specific to vRNA sequences or is it nonspecific as measured in vitro? And if specific: -What sequences of RNA are involved in binding to MP? And finally, what host proteins are associated with MP during intracellular targeting to various subcellular targets and what if any post-translational modifications occur to MP, other than phosphorylation (Kawakami et al., 1999)? Major conclusions, solutions and achievements. A new quantitative tool was developed to measure the "coefficient of conductivity" of Pd to cytoplasmic soluble proteins. Employing this tool, we measured changes in Pd conductivity in epidermal cells of sink and source leaves of wild-type and transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) plants expressing MPᵀᴹⱽ incubated both in dark and light and at 16 and 25 ᵒC (Liarzi and Epel, 2005 (appendix 1). To test our model we measured the effect of the presence of MP on cell-to-cell spread of a cytoplasmic fluorescent probe, of two ER intrinsic membrane protein-probes and two ER lumen protein-probes fused to GFP. The effect of a mutant virus that is incapable of cell-to-cell spread on the spread of these probes was also determined. Our data shows that MP reduces SEL for cytoplasmic molecules, dilates the desmotubule allowing cell-cell diffusion of proteins via the desmotubule lumen and reduces the rate of spread of the ER membrane probes. Replicase was shown to enhance cell-cell spread. The data are not in support of the proposed model and have led us to propose a new model for virus cell-cell spread: this model proposes that MP, an integral ER membrane protein, forms a MP:vRNAER complex and that this ER-membrane complex diffuses in the lipid milieu of the ER into the desmotubule (the ER within the Pd), and spreads cell to cell by simple diffusion in the ER/desmotubule membrane; the driving force for spread is the chemical potential gradient between an infected cell and contingent non-infected neighbors. Our data also suggests that the virus replicase has a function in altering the Pd conductivity. Transgenic plant lines that express the MP gene of the Cg tobamovirus fused to YFP under the control the ecdysone receptor and methoxyfenocide ligand were generated by the Beachy group and the expression pattern and the timing and targeting patterns were determined. A vector expressing this MPs was also developed for use by the Epel lab . The transgenic lines are being used to identify and isolate host genes that are required for cell-to-cell movement of TMV/tobamoviruses. This line is now being grown and to be employed in proteomic studies which will commence November 2005. T-DNA insertion mutagenesis is being developed to identify and isolate host genes required for cell-to-cell movement of TMV.

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