Готові списки джерел за темами / Pipelines Welding

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Pipelines Welding"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Pipelines Welding"

1

Frolov, A. V. "Pipe Welding Machine Modernization." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2096, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2096/1/012016.

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Анотація:
Abstract There are the results of pipelines rolled joints welding machine modernization. The machine is designed using a welding rotator, linear electric drives, stepper motors, CNC system. The machine is controlled by a CNC system according to ISO 6983-1: 2009. The machine consists of: stepping rotary device, welding torch stepping device, controlled TIG welding power source, controlled welding wire feeder, welding current control system, workpiece rotation control system and welding torch. The welding torch movement trajectory controlling software has been created. It allows to weld by any type of welding torch recommended movements. The modernizing machine allows welding the pipelines rolled joints in automatic mode both in one pass and in multi-pass. The machine can be used for industrial pipeline elements welding, for welding modes testing, for studying the effect of welding modes on the quality of pipeline welds. The results can be adapted for sheet structures welding using the standard commands of the ISO 6983-1: 2009 standard. The results can be adapted to industrial welding robots control. The welding machine can be used for MIG / MAG welding and surfacing.
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2

Makarenko, Valery, Volodymyr Gots, Yulia Makarenko, Tetiana Arhatenko, and Viktor Polishchuk. "Research of accidents pipelines." Problems of Water supply, Sewerage and Hydraulic, no. 40 (September 26, 2022): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2524-0021.2022.40.31-43.

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Анотація:
The durability and reliability of operation of steel pipelines of water supply and sewage systems is determined in particular by the quality of their welded joints, which in turn depends both on the composition of the materials used in their manufacture and on the observance of welding technology. The composition of impurities of transported liquids, which can cause corrosive destruction of materials, also has a significant impact on the reliability of pipeline systems. These phenomena are especially important in hot water supply and industrial drainage systems, where the destructive influence of physical factors and the chemical composition of the environment can be decisive. It was found that the loss of strength of the pipeline is caused in particular by improper operation, under the conditions of which micro-flaws of welded joints of pipelines appear, which leads to their destruction. The results of examinations and experimental studies of the strength of welds of steel process pipelines are presented. An external inspection was carried out, determination of the structure and strength parameters of pipeline welds, layer-by-layer analysis of corrosion damage on their inner surface. It was found that premature destruction of welded joints of hot water supply pipelines and industrial sewage is caused by long-term operation in a stressed state. Under such circumstances, the uneven coarse-grained structure of the seam, the presence of non-metallic inclusions in the metal structure, and violations of the welding technology had a critical impact on the loss of strength. In order to increase the corrosion-mechanical resistance of welded joints of industrial pipelines, it is necessary to modify the surfacing metal of the weld to break down the structure and significantly reduce non-metallic inclusions, as well as to improve the technology of manual arc welding with coated electrodes, in particular, the root layers of welding seams.
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3

Zhang, De Fen, Jin Wang, Zheng Tao Jiang, Xiong Shi, Zeng Zhen Li, and Xin Zeng. "Investigation on Non-Preheating Welding Technology of X70 Pipeline Steel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 333-335 (July 2013): 1836–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.333-335.1836.

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Анотація:
Considering the mechanical properties of X70 pipeline steel after repeated welding heat cycles, preheating and interpass temperature controlling are often adopted in the welding technology, which widely increase the welding construction time and lower the construction efficiency, thus improve the construction cost of pipelines. According to the present welding process of X70 pipeline steel, non-preheating welding technology was proposed in this paper. The experiment results show that the properties of the weld joint of X70 pipeline steel with non-preheating achieves the requirement of specified standard. Furthermore, this method simplifies the welding construction processes and improves the construction efficiency. Key Words:X70 Steel; Non-Preheating; Welding Technology
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4

Amori, Dr Karima E. Amori, Dr Mohammad N. Hussain Hussain, and Hadeel B. Hilal Hilal. "Experimental Investigation of Pipeline In-Service Welding Process." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 8, no. 1 (May 6, 2021): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v8i1.216.

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Анотація:
Welding of pipeline in active operation (called in-service welding) is an advancedtechnique employed to repair pipelines to safe transmission of petroleum or gas. A thermalexperimental study is accomplished on welding process of gas pipeline in this work. Anexperimental setup had been designed, manufactured and instrumented to estimate the methodfor repairing locally pipelines defects (such as cracks and holes wall surface) under the influenceof internal pressure. Also the thermal history of welding process was investigated experimentallyto three cases which are : traditional welding process with no fluid flows inside the test pipe, anin-service welding process considering air as the flowing fluid inside test pipe, and an in-servicewelding process considering the liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as flowing fluid inside test pipe.Results show that direct deposition of welding metal on a through hole under the influence ofinternal pressure succeeded for flow rate less than (12lpm) and failed for flow equal or higherthan (12lpm) in which a sleeve repair is considered. The calculations are followed by a separatethermal stress analysis based on the thermal history.
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5

Yin, Tie, Jinpeng Wang, Hong Zhao, Lun Zhou, Zenghuan Xue, and Hehe Wang. "Research on Filling Strategy of Pipeline Multi-Layer Welding for Compound Narrow Gap Groove." Materials 15, no. 17 (August 29, 2022): 5967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15175967.

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Анотація:
With the increase in transmission pressure and pipe diameter of long-distance oil and gas pipelines, automatic welding of the pipeline has become the mainstream welding method. The multi-layer and multi-pass welding path planning of large-diameter pipelines with typical narrow gap grooves are studied, and a welding strategy for pipeline external welding robot is proposed. By analyzing the shape of the weld bead section of the narrow gap groove and comparing the advantages and disadvantages of the equal-height method and the equal-area method, the mathematical model of the filling layer is established. Through the test and analysis in the workshop, the predicted lifting value meets the actual welding requirements. The microstructure of the weld was analyzed by SEM. The main structure of the weld was fine acicular ferrite, which could improve the mechanical properties of the welded joint. After multi-layer filling, the filling layer is flush with the edge of the groove. The establishment of this model lays a foundation for the formulation of welding process parameters for large-diameter pipes and the off-line programming of welding procedures.
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6

Gorshkova, O. О. "ORBITAL WELDING OF PIPELINES." Современные наукоемкие технологии (Modern High Technologies), no. 1 2021 (2021): 20–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/snt.38465.

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7

Kulik, V. I., O. E. Ostrovskii, O. M. Novikov, and E. M. Borisov. "Orbital arc welding pipelines." Welding International 7, no. 11 (January 1993): 901–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09507119309548514.

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8

Hu, Yanhua, Yukun Wang, Pengyu Jia, Jianyu Lv, and Mingchao Wang. "Research on Development and Test Analysis of Full-Scale Fatigue Test System of X65 Submarine Pipeline." E3S Web of Conferences 253 (2021): 01055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125301055.

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Анотація:
The fatigue performance of welded joints of submarine pipelines is directly related to the safety and economic benefits of welded structures. Considering the limitations of fatigue calculation, anti-fatigue design and small-scale fatigue test in the evaluation and analysis of pipeline fatigue life, this paper demonstrated the feasibility, scientificity and advancement of submarine pipeline full-scale fatigue test technology in engineering applications. Consequently, a full-scale fatigue test system and its test analysis technology applied for ZY-PFS2000 pipelines have been first developed in China, in which the effects of welding residual stress, stress concentration, initial welding defects, pipeline internal pressure shutdown and internal medium fluctuations on the fatigue life of full-scale pipelines were comprehensively taken into account. Through the full-scale fatigue test (four-point bending + internal pressure) of the X65 submarine pipeline, the fatigue cycles of different specifications of pipelines under different stress amplitudes were obtained. Moreover, the fatigue loading results were evaluated and analyzed in accordance with the international standard of BS 7608 and DNV C203. The research in this paper is conducive to accumulating full-scale fatigue performance data for submarine pipelines in China, not only offering a quantitative basis for the subsequent full-scale fatigue life evaluation and the safety operation cycle, but also providing a reference direction for the future development of submarine pipeline full-scale fatigue test technology.
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9

Yin, Tie, Hai-Cheng Jin, Hong Zhao, and Qian Zhang. "Effects of Ternary Shielding Gas on Weld Characteristics of All-Position Welding for Pipelines." Science of Advanced Materials 13, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 2467–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2021.4160.

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Анотація:
As an efficient welding method, Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) has the advantages of low thermal energy input and stable mechanical properties of ring weld joints. GMAW has now become the main welding method for large-diameter oil and gas pipelines. Narrow gap welding is widely needed in pipeline manufacturing, yet lack of fusion on side walls is often produced in this process when conventional binary shielding gas (Ar–CO2) is used. Here, we use a ternary shielding gas (Ar–CO2–O2) to improve the weld formation of all-position narrow gap welding of pipelines. The weld formation and weld penetration depth of the pipe welding at 0 o’clock (flat welding), 3 o’clock (vertical welding), 6 o’clock (overhead welding) are investigated. Macroscopic metallographic analysis on the melt width are carried out, and feasibility of the ternary shielding gas is illustrated. Comparing to the binary shielding gas, the ternary shielding gas leads to better weld formation, weld width and weld penetration. Especially, the weld penetration depth can increase by 20%, which helps to reduce the lack of fusion.
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10

Wang, Pin Yi, and Zong Yuan Mou. "Study on the Weldability of X100 Pipeline Steel on Scene." Advanced Materials Research 753-755 (August 2013): 343–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.753-755.343.

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Анотація:
With the long-distance oil and gas pipelines are to development of the direction of large-diameter, high-pressure, high grade pipeline steel applications gradually become the trend of the development of the oil and gas pipeline construction. The welding process of the X100 line pipe which is about to industrial application is not yet to be determined. It is not clear that the affect to the weldability from the metallurgical composition, organization, performance, and other factors which would affect the site construction welding process and welding measures. In addition, it is not yet the discussion and analysis of the key technologies X100 line pipe-site welding process and defect types. In this paper, the X100 pipeline on-site application of welding technology research commenced work and studied the weldability and welding process of X100 which solve the field application of X100 pipeline steel pipe welding issues.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Pipelines Welding"

1

Yan, Pei. "High frequency induction welding & post-welding heat treatment of steel pipes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609702.

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2

Farrell, J. "Hyperbaric welding of duplex stainless steel pipelines offshore." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1996. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4513.

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Анотація:
Three duplex stainless steels (Avesta 2205, Sandvik SAF2507 and Zeron 100) were successfully welded automatically at a range of pressures from 1 to 32bar. The gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding process was chosen as it allows a high degree of control to be exercised during welding. Initial autogenous bead on plate welds established the effects of pressure on the welding process and allowed the process parameters to be determined for subsequent experiments. Analysis of the effects of pressure on the weld thermal cycle showed that at higher pressures the precipitation of phases deleterious to the weld quality was less likely than at ambient pressure. It was also found that the arc melting efficiency increased as the pressure increased, which was taken into account when the process parameters for the joints were selected. A V-butt design with a 'land' on each side was chosen for the joints to counteract any tendency for the welding arc to wander at higher welding pressures. The root welds were performed using pulsed current welding techniques to overcome the difficulties in achieving consistent penetration that were encountered when welding at lower pressures. It was found that by employing standard welding consumables commonly used for welding duplex steels at ambient pressure satisfactory austenite-ferrite phase balances could be achieved in the weld metal at all pressures. Metallographic examination of the welds showed that the joints did not have any microstructural complications that were related to pressure and mechanical testing revealed that, in terms of impact toughness, the weld metal and heat affected zone (HAZ) performed as well as, if not better than, the parent plate material. This work shows that welding of duplex stainless steels using the hyperbaric welding method is a viable option for subsea operations up to a depth of at least 320m, automated hyperbaric welding being advantageous at depths greater than 40m.
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3

Ekström, Lars Johan. "Welding of bistable fibre-reinforced thermoplastic composite pipelines." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614933.

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4

Ovington, Stephen. "Fusion welding of crosslinked polyethylene." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.297127.

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5

Obeid, Obeid. "Mechanical behaviour of lined pipelines under welding and impact." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16378.

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Анотація:
The research presented in this thesis covers two critical problems regarding lined pipes: dynamic impact and welding. A lined pipe consists of an inner layer (the liner) made of corrosion resistant alloy (CRA), e.g. AISI304 stainless steel, and an outer layer made of low carbon steel, e.g. carbon-manganese steel, C-Mn. To manufacture the lined pipe, a special heat treatment, known as tight fit pipe (TFP), based on cooling the liner to -200°C, heating the backing pipe to +500°C and inserting the liner inside the outer pipe, was used in this work. Both welding and impact with external objects are responsible for accumulating high levels of plastic strains and residual stresses which could lead to failure in the pipe sometime after the impact or the welding. The special welding process used in lined pipes typically consists of the overlay welding (inner welding) of the liner with the C-Mn steel pipe for each segment and the girth welding (outer welding) of the two segments. To simulate this welding process using the ABAQUS code, nonlinear heat-transfer and mechanical finite-element (FE) analyses have been conducted. A distributed power density of the moving welding torch and a non-linear heat transfer coefficient accounting for both radiation and convection have been used in the analysis and implemented in ABAQUS user-subroutines. The modelling procedure has been validated first against previously published experimental results for stainless steel and carbon steel pipe welding separately. The model has been then used to determine the isotherms induced by the one-pass weld overlay and the one-pass girth welding and to clarify their influence on the transient temperature field and residual stress in the lined pipe. Furthermore, the influence of the cooling time between weld overlay and girth welding and of the welding speed have been examined thermally and mechanically as they are key factors that can affect the quality of lined pipe welding. The same FE numerical procedure to analyse line pipe welding is then applied to simulate six cases experimentally tested in the lab within this project. Furthermore, two cases have been analysed first, namely a reference case, in which the effect of the TFP pre-heat treatment is neglected, and a second one where the pre-heat treatment has been taken into consideration. During welding, the FE thermal history and mechanical strain results for both cases correlate well with the experimental ones in the region with the highest residual stresses, because the effect of initial residual stresses is cancelled in the regions subject to very high temperatures. After welding, the numerical and experimental results have proved that the initial residual stresses due to the TFP pre-heat treatment are reasonably important in the liner whereas they are practically negligible in the C-Mn pipe. The same reference case is then compared numerically and experimentally with further five parametric cases to study the effect of welding properties (weld overlay and girth welding materials), geometric parameters (using weld overlay and liner) and welding process parameters (heat input). The numerical temperature fields and residual stresses are in good agreement with their experimental counterparts for all cases. The dynamic impact problem is a crucial one for lined pipes because of the reduction in the thickness of the outer pipe ensured by the internal protection from corrosion given by a thinner liner. In this case, the lined pipe is more affected by potential impact with external objects (so-called 'third party interference' in the Oil and Gas industry). In general, a dent produced by a freely dropped weight is responsible to a large extent of catastrophic failure in pipelines. Therefore, in this work, 3D FE models have been developed to simulate the mechanism of vertical free drop of a weight from different heights resulting in damage in the pipe. Models have been executed using a three-dimensional non-linear explicit-dynamics FE code, ABAQUS/EXPLICIT. In order to precisely simulate the response of the pipe to subsequent impacts and spring back, an elastic-plastic constitutive law is adopted using the isotropic Hooke's law and a Von Mises yield criterion, with work hardening based on an isotropic hardening rule associated with the equivalent plastic strain rate. Strain-rate dependent properties are specified for both materials, C-Mn and AISI304, to take into account the change in velocities during impact. The numerical strain results are reasonably consistent with the experimental ones recorded by four strain gauge rosettes positioned symmetrically around the dent centre. Numerical and experimental results are comprehensively analysed and discussed also in terms of practical implications in the industry.
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6

Gnatetski, Viatcheslav. "Mechanical design and development of an automatic orbital welding system ("Halo")." Available from the University of Aberdeen Library and Historic Collections Digital Resources. Restricted: no access until Oct., 28, 2010, 2009. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?application=DIGITOOL-3&owner=resourcediscovery&custom_att_2=simple_viewer&pid=69375.

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7

Modenesi, P. J. "Statistical modelling of the narrow gap gas metal arc welding process." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1990. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/831.

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Анотація:
The J-laying technique for the construction of offshore pipelines requires a fast welding process that can produce sound welds in the horizontal-vertical position. The suitability of narrow gap gas metal arc welding (NG-GMA W) process for this application was previously demonstrated. The present programme studied the influence of process parameters on the fusion characteristics of NG-GMA welding in a range of different shielding gas compositions and welding positions. Statistical techniques were employed for both designing the experimental programme and to process the data generated. A partial factorial design scheme was used to investigate the influence of input variables and their interaction in determining weld bead shape. Modelling equations were developed by multiple linear regression to represent different characteristics of the weld bead. Transformation of the response variable based on the Cox-Box method was commonly used to simplify the model format. Modelling results were analysed by graphical techniques including surface plots and a multiplot approach was developed in order to graphically assess the influence of up to four input variables on the bead shape. Conditions for acceptable bead formation were determined and the process sensitivity to minor changes in input parameters assessed. Asymmetrical base metal fusion in horizontalvertical welding is discussed and techniques to improve fusion presented. At the same time, the interaction between the power supply output characteristic and the bead geometry was studied for narrow gap joints and the effect of shielding gas composition on both process stability and fusion of the base metal was assessed. An arc instability mode that is strongly influenced by arc length, power supply characteristic and shielding gas composition was demonstrated and its properties investigated. An optimized shielding gas composition for narrow gap process was suggested.
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8

Azar, Amin S. "Dry Hyperbaric Gas Metal Arc Welding of Subsea Pipelines : Experiments and Modeling." Doctoral thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for produktutvikling og materialer, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-17721.

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Анотація:
Ambitions in exploration of oil and gas fields at deeper water depth require continuous investigation and maintenance. The transportation pipelines laid in deep waters are both subjected to corrosion and buckling due to environmental phenomena. They may also often undergo branching (namely hot tapping) to redirect (or add to) the transportation paths. Mechanical joints and welding are both considered as available alternatives when sectioning and replacement of the pipes at shallow waters is necessary, yet, welding is more promising for deep waters where remote operation is central. Fusion welding on the other hand comprises several technological detractions for sound operations under high ambient pressures disregarding its low cost and flexibility. The foremost detracting phenomenon in the arc welding is called ‘arc root constriction’, which is defined as arc geometry shrinkage under the increased pressure. Consequently, the power delivery to the weld pool at different pressure levels is a major worry. Effects of ionization and dissociation energies of different gases and mixtures, partial pressure of environmental gases including hydrogen and oxygen, gasification and degasification of the weld metal, inclusions that affect the phase transformation, absorption and desorption kinetics, oxidation and deoxidation reactions and many more are the phenomena that can possibly be altered by the gas type and ambient pressure level. Spattering and fume generation is a problematic issue since the arc is rather unstable under high pressure. Thus, seeking the effect of different chamber gas mixtures on welding parameters, final microstructure and mechanical properties is the main objective of this work. Statistical analysis of the collected voltage and current waveforms is carried out to identify the source of arc misbehavior and instability (discussed in Paper I). The stochastic parameters is related to the electrical stability and resolved into a number of varying welding parameters. The datasets are representing the effects of using pure argon under 14 incrementally increased pressure levels. Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) is used to characterize the frequency domain of the waveforms. Auto-correlation Function (AF) and Power Spectral Density (PSD) were calculated assuming the Wiener-Khinchin theorem. Considering the AF, it is possible to visualize the deteriorating stability of the arc. The rate of stability degradation is quite gentle after 20 bar, though, huge differences were observed from 1 to 20 bar. The characteristic frequencies of 100-150 Hz and 350-400 Hz were observed. The first range can be associated with the mass transfer or molten droplet launch frequency and the latter range is representative of the rectified mains. The spread of large low-frequency peaks at higher pressures is illustrating the mass transfer deterioration. The aforementioned peaks were found above 125 bar where the range of the characteristic frequency peaks in voltage and current waveforms started to deviate. The calculated arc power is higher at high-pressure range while the weld bead geometry was barely varied. It implies that the arc efficiency factor decreases at high pressures. The heat source dimensions and heat efficiency factor are two major inputs for finite element (FE) simulations of the weld. However, a systematic classification of these factors was hardly available prior to this work. Additionally, to the best of author’s knowledge, the direct high-speed observation of the arc inside the hyperbaric welding chamber has not been investigated in detail by far due to several technological issues. The varying bead-on-plate welds including the end crater appearance can possibly be good candidates to categorize the FE heat source dimensions. Double-ellipsoidal heat source (Goldak’s Model) was implemented in WeldSimS® FE code that is used in this study. Since the model incorporates two superimposed reference heat sources, the amount of dissipated heat from each source should be differentiated. An intermediate heat source model was employed for this purpose. The latter model is after Myhr and Grong that is called distributed point heat sources. This model can be accurately fit to the weld cross section geometry if calibrated accurately. The calibrated parameters were found to be very close to the ones required by Double-ellipsoidal heat source model. By using this approach, not only the effect of welding parameters on weld bead geometry can be categorized, but also the spent time for double-ellipsoidal heat source adjustments will be cut by 90%. A Gaussian heat source was also employed for welding thermal cycle simulations. Accompanying experiments suggested that the thermal gradients hardly change as pressure elevates. However, it was found that the increased pressure level might not necessarily result in higher or lower cooling rates despite the geometrical changes. In a parallel investigation, the metallurgical effect of different shielding environments on phase transformation and mechanical properties of the bead-onplate weld samples was studies. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and orientation imaging microscopy (OIM) techniques were used to identify the effect of five different shielding environments on the phase transformation. Argon and Helium chamber gases offer the conditions that facilitate the highest amount of acicular ferrite transformation, yet, they show some differences in a number of crystallographic details. CO2 gas provided conditions for a lot of porosity in addition to the dominant polygonal ferrite/bainite transformation. He+½CO2 mixture resulted in bainite transformation that was found to follow the maximum heat flow direction in terms of crystallographic orientations. Very small sized tensile and single-edged notch bending (SENB) samples were machined from the weld metal material. The tests revealed that the best mechanical properties are associated with the He chamber gas and the poorest properties were presented by the samples welded in He+½CO2 shielding environment. It was also observed that there is a good correlation between the acquired acoustic signals and the fracture properties of the weld samples
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Nosal, P. E. "Metallurgical investigation of hyperbaric welding at pressures to 250-bar for repairs to deep sea pipelines." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2001. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/11029.

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Alcatrão, Mauro dos Santos 1959. "Estudo de viabilidade da aplicação do processo de soldagem mag com controle de corrente mecanizada sobre tubulação em operação." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/264995.

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Анотація:
Orientador: João Batista Fogagnolo
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica
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Resumo: A grande expansão da malha de duto terrestre que vem ocorrendo nos últimos anos no Brasil, principalmente com a construção de linhas únicas para o escoamento de gás natural, representa um novo desafio às equipes de manutenção. A interrupção do fornecimento de gás, devido à parada para manutenção pode representar o colapso de muitas cidades. Situações programadas de paradas operacionais são muito comuns porem envolve recursos humanos e financeiros vultosos, nem sempre disponíveis. Os riscos envolvidos no preparo e condicionamento para a retirada de operação de um gasoduto ou oleoduto, alem dos mesmos cuidados ao retorno normal às atividades requer planejamento minucioso. Nas aplicações envolvendo processos de soldagem sobre o duto em operação, isto é , com fluxo interno na forma gás ou liquido, é necessário garantir a ausência de vazamento de produto, ou seja, onde se tenha o produto totalmente confinado no interior da linha, viabilizando a execução de soldagem e, portanto, não ocorrendo à possibilidade de ignição do produto nela contido. Em uma soldagem executada diretamente sobre uma tubulação com fluxo interno é necessário considerar-se dois tipos de riscos de origem antagônica: Perfuração e trincas a frio. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir a aplicação do processo de soldagem MAG mecanizado com transferência metálica por curto-circuito com controle de corrente, alternativo ao comumente utilizado, eletrodo revestido, com intuito de obtenção de maior segurança nas aplicações para baixas espessuras na parede do duto, além de almejar maior produtividade e qualidade das soldagens
Abstract: The great expansion of the onshore pipeline grid that has been occurring in recent years in Brazil, especially with the construction of single lines for the flow of natural gas, represents a new challenge to the maintenance teams. The interruption of gas supply due to maintenance downtime can represent the collapse of many cities. Scheduled stops operating situations are very common however involve financial and human resources heavily, not always available. The risks involved in the preparation and conditioning for the withdrawal of operation of a pipeline or pipeline, besides the same care to return to normal activities require careful planning. In applications involving welding process on the pipe in operation, ie, internal flow with the gas or liquid form, it is necessary to ensure no leakage of product, ie, where the product has completely confined within the line, allowing performing welding and therefore not occurring the possibility of ignition of the product contained therein. In welding performed directly on a pipe with internal flow is necessary to consider two types of risks antagonistic source: Drilling and cracking cold. The objective of this study and discuss the application of mechanized MAG welding process with metal transfer short-circuit with current control, alternative to the commonly used electrode coated with the aim of achieving greater safety in applications for low thicknesses in the duct wall , and aim for higher productivity and quality of the welds
Mestrado
Materiais e Processos de Fabricação
Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica
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Книги з теми "Pipelines Welding"

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International Conference on Welding and Performance of Pipelines (3rd 1986 London, England). Welding and performance of pipelines: Third International Conference, London, 18-21 November 1986. Abington, Cambridge: The Welding Institute, 1987.

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2

Lancaster, John. Handbook of structural welding: Processes, materials and methods used in the welding of major structures, pipelines and process plant. Cambridge: Abington, 1997.

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3

Lancaster, J. F. Handbook of structural welding: Processes, materials and methods used in the welding of major structures, pipelines and process plant. Cambridge: Abington Publishing, 1992.

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4

Frankland, Thomas W. The pipe fitter's and pipe welder's handbook. (Folkestone): Bailey Bros & Swinfen, 1985.

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5

Ginzel, E. A. Automated ultrasonic testing for pipeline girth welds: A handbook. Waltham, MA: Olympus, 2006.

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6

Souza, L. T. Prediction of wrinkling behavior of girth-welded line pipe. Calgary: National Energy Board, 1994.

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7

Welding of Pipelines and Related Facilities. Amer Petroleum Inst, 1988.

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8

NCCER. BR08206-6 Socket Weld Pipe Fabrication in Brazilian Portuguese. Pearson Education, Limited, 2014.

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9

NCCER. BR08207-06 Butt Weld Pipe Fabrication in Brazilian Portuguese. Pearson Education, Limited, 2014.

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Dugovai͡a︡ svarka nepovorotnykh stykov magistralʹnykh truboprovodov. Moskva: "Nedra", 1987.

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Частини книг з теми "Pipelines Welding"

1

Dorling, David, and James Gianetto. "Pipeline Welding from the Perspective of Safety and Integrity." In Oil and Gas Pipelines, 233–52. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119019213.ch18.

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Katayama, T., Y. Kisaka, F. Kimura, Y. S. Sato, and H. Kokawa. "A Study of Friction Stir Welding for Clad Pipelines." In Friction Stir Welding and Processing VIII, 1–10. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119093343.ch1.

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Katayama, T., Y. Kisaka, F. Kimura, Y. S. Sato, and H. Kokawa. "A Study of Friction Stir Welding for Clad Pipelines." In Friction Stir Welding and Processing VIII, 3–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48173-9_1.

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Kogo, Bridget, Bin Wang, Luiz Wrobel, and Mahmoud Chizari. "Residual Stress Simulations of Girth Welding in Subsea Pipelines." In Transactions on Engineering Technologies, 389–403. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0746-1_30.

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Nouri, A., and M. Bouabdallah. "Weldability of a Supermartensitic Stainless Steel 12Cr4Ni1Mo Pipeline and the Effect of Welding Current on Precipitated Ferrite δ in the HAZ." In Integrity of Pipelines Transporting Hydrocarbons, 91–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0588-3_7.

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Zhou, Canfeng, Xiangdong Jiao, Long Xue, Jiaqing Chen, and Xiaoming Fang. "Study on Sub-sea Pipelines Hyperbaric Welding Repair under High Air Pressures." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 391–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-19959-2_48.

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Sotoodeh, Karan. "Welding Technology." In Pipeline Valve Technology, 99–120. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003343318-7.

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Papaefthymiou, Spyros. "Industrial Pipeline Welding." In Welding Technology, 387–418. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63986-0_12.

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Costa, P. S., F. A. Reyes-Valdés, R. Saldaña-Garcés, E. R. Delgado, and A. Salinas-Rodrı́guez. "Thermal Behavior of an HSLA Steel and the Impact in Phase Transformation: Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) Process Approach to Pipelines." In Characterization of Metals and Alloys, 85–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31694-9_7.

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Merchant, V. E. "Laser welding in the pipeline industry." In The Industrial Laser Handbook, 81–88. New York, NY: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-2882-0_8.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Pipelines Welding"

1

Sundberg, Chris. "Welding Details for Welded Steel Wye Branches." In Pipelines 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413692.077.

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Romer, Andrew E. "Welding Considerations for Stainless Steel Pipe." In International Pipelines Conference 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40994(321)106.

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Berge, Jan Olav, Mike Armstrong, and Neil Woodward. "Welding Robot Repairing Subsea Pipelines." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/25969-ms.

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Bruce, Bill, Jose Ramirez, Matt Johnson, and Robin Gordon. "Welding of High Strength Pipelines." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0472.

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This paper presents the results of a project jointly funded by PRCI and EWI to evaluate the welding of X100 pipe grades using commercially available welding consumables. The welding trials included manual, semi-automatic and mechanized welding procedures. It was found that the combination of Pulsed GMAW and ER100S-1 (using a mixed shielding gas) produced both excellent Charpy impact and CTOD performance, but could result in undermatched girth welds if the pipe significantly exceeds minimum strength requirements. Although ER120 S-1 provides an additional margin of safety in strength, which should accommodate variations in X-100 pipe properties, the toughness results were marginal at −10°C. The risk of weld metal hydrogen cracking in X100 girth welds was also investigated.
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Shuai, Jian, Xiaolin Wang, and Xiaomin Wang. "Failures of Welding Repaired Pipeline." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64255.

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Enormous attention has been attracted to the safety issues regarding numerous pipelines that have had to be repaired by welding. The present paper describes experimental and numerical research conducted to assess the structural condition of welding-repaired pipeline, subjected to internal pressure including cyclic load. Six full-scale pipe specimens are tested under pressure to determine their structural capacity. Their stress distributions are measured, and their stress concentrations and yield and burst limit load are analyzed. The results of the present study demonstrate that on the pipelines with a single drilled hole the burst occurred far from the welding sites, whereas on the pipelines with several holes drilled in short span the burst took place between the two adjacent tube caps, suggesting that multi-cap repair is disadvantageous to the loading capability of the pipelines. It is also found that the burst pressure may not be affected by welding either tube-cap or patch and cyclic loading, but the yield limit loads of the repaired pipelines decreased respect to undamaged pipeline, among which the lowest one decreased up to 85% of that of the undamaged pipeline. In addition, using nonlinear finite element tools, stresses state in welding repaired pipeline is calculated. It is showed that bulging occurs in long and narrow area along longitudinal direction, addressing where burst rupture occur.
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Tovey, Terri. "How to Properly Specify Welding Requirements: The Role of the Pipe Designer." In Pipelines 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413692.093.

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7

Thompson, T. S., and B. S. Laing. "Automatic Welding Procedures For CRA Pipelines." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/7215-ms.

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Fletcher, Leigh, Gabriel Stecher, Cec Stubbs, John Norrish, Dominic Cuiuri, and Jeff Moscrop. "MIAB Welding of Oil and Gas Pipelines." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10603.

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Magnetically impelled arc butt (MIAB) welding is a “single shot” method of joining pipe and tube which is used in highly automated factory production lines in high volume industries such as automotive manufacture. The entire weld over the full joint thickness is made in one single operation, instead of using several passes as in conventional welding. It is believed to be capable of making finished welds in pipe from small diameters of around 75mm (DN75) up to around DN450, and to around 10mm wall thickness. The welding time is around 10 to 15 seconds, and the joint to joint cycle time will be about 1 minute. Under the right circumstances this means that pipelines in this size range could be welded at a rate of up to around 7.5km per day or more, with only a single small welding crew and a substantial reduction in overall cost. Whilst the circumstances that allow construction spreads to take advantage of that potential speed will not exist on every pipeline, there are still major economic and technical advantages to be had from using the process at more moderate rates. The present target thickness limit of 10mm will make it possible to weld Class 900 DN450 pipelines with maximum allowable operating pressures of up to 15 MPa. The use of MIAB welding will enable the entire paradigm of pipeline construction to be changed, and will lead to reductions in construction cost of around 15% or more when the process is first implemented. Larger savings are expected in the longer term.
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Newbury, Brian D., Martin W. Hukle, Mark D. Crawford, Joshua Sleigh, Steven A. Altstadt, J. Robin Gordon, and Daniel B. Lillig. "Recent Concepts for the Welding of High Strain Pipelines." In ASME 2009 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2009-77971.

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Standard allowable stress-based pipeline designs (strain demand ≤ 0.5%) are now giving way to more complex strain-based designs (strain demand higher than 0.5%) as the locations of future pipelines move into regions of increased strain demand. The increase in required levels of strain demand are attributed to seismic activity, soil movement, soil liquefaction, frost heave, thaw settlement, ice scour or a combination thereof. Pipelines in high strain demand regions are typically limited by the strain capacity of the girth weld. As strain-based pipeline design has matured, it has become evident that specific material properties (both weld metal and line pipe), defect size, defect location, misalignment, and operating pressure each affect the strain capacity of the pipeline. This paper reviews proposed design and testing methodologies for the qualification of strain-based design welding procedures. These methods have been applied in the development and qualification of welding procedures for the construction of pipelines subject to longitudinal tensile strains in excess of 2%. Strain-based design requires considerably more effort than traditional design in terms of girth weld qualification and testing. To ensure adequate girth weld strain capacity for strain-based design the testing includes large scale and full-scale pressurized testing for design validation.
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Hukle, Martin W., Douglas S. Hoyt, James B. LeBleu, John P. Dwyer, and Agnes M. Horn. "Qualification of Welding Procedures for ExxonMobil High Strain Pipelines." In 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2006-92503.

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Weld procedure qualification methodologies for ExxonMobil high strain pipelines are presented. ExxonMobil has been involved in the design and construction of high strain pipelines for both onshore and offshore applications. These projects have included onshore applications involving potential seismic activity (fault displacement and soil liquefaction) as well as arctic applications that may involve displacements associated with frost heave and thaw settlement. Recent offshore installations have been designed and constructed to accommodate potential displacement caused by ice scour. Some of these installations have been designed to accommodate in excess of 3% longitudinal tensile strain demand. A critical element of the overall pipeline design is the qualification and validation of acceptable strain capacity for the pipeline girth welds. A girth weld qualification test program, based on large scale proof testing (i.e., curved wide plates) has been developed and executed.
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