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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Physics of traffic"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 23 вересня 2022

Оновлено: 28 вересня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Physics of traffic"

Kerner, Boris S. "The physics of traffic." Physics World 12, no. 8 (August 1999): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/12/8/30.

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Grayling, A. C. "The physics of traffic." New Scientist 197, no. 2638 (January 2008): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(08)60115-3.

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Schadschneider, Andreas. "Statistical physics of traffic flow." Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications 285, no. 1-2 (September 2000): 101–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4371(00)00274-0.

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Nagatani, Takashi. "The physics of traffic jams." Reports on Progress in Physics 65, no. 9 (August 13, 2002): 1331–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/65/9/203.

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Sando, Tom. "The physics of traffic accident investigation." Physics Teacher 27, no. 6 (September 1989): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.2342836.

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Ji, Jiahao, Jingyuan Wang, Zhe Jiang, Jiawei Jiang, and Hu Zhang. "STDEN: Towards Physics-Guided Neural Networks for Traffic Flow Prediction." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 4 (June 28, 2022): 4048–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i4.20322.

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High-performance traffic flow prediction model designing, a core technology of Intelligent Transportation System, is a long-standing but still challenging task for industrial and academic communities. The lack of integration between physical principles and data-driven models is an important reason for limiting the development of this field. In the literature, physics-based methods can usually provide a clear interpretation of the dynamic process of traffic flow systems but are with limited accuracy, while data-driven methods, especially deep learning with black-box structures, can achieve improved performance but can not be fully trusted due to lack of a reasonable physical basis. To bridge the gap between purely data-driven and physics-driven approaches, we propose a physics-guided deep learning model named Spatio-Temporal Differential Equation Network (STDEN), which casts the physical mechanism of traffic flow dynamics into a deep neural network framework. Specifically, we assume the traffic flow on road networks is driven by a latent potential energy field (like water flows are driven by the gravity field), and model the spatio-temporal dynamic process of the potential energy field as a differential equation network. STDEN absorbs both the performance advantage of data-driven models and the interpretability of physics-based models, so is named a physics-guided prediction model. Experiments on three real-world traffic datasets in Beijing show that our model outperforms state-of-the-art baselines by a significant margin. A case study further verifies that STDEN can capture the mechanism of urban traffic and generate accurate predictions with physical meaning. The proposed framework of differential equation network modeling may also cast light on other similar applications.

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Helbing, Dirk, and Kai Nagel. "The physics of traffic and regional development." Contemporary Physics 45, no. 5 (September 2004): 405–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00107510410001715944.

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C, Keerthika, Narahari Greeshma, Priya Vyshnavi, Vyshnavi Kumar Reddy, K. Indhira, and V. M. Chandrasekaran. "Mathematical Model for Traffic Flow." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4.10 (October 2, 2018): 940. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.10.26631.

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Every year countless hours are lost in traffic jams. When the density of traffic is sufficiently high small disturbances in vehicle’s accelerations can cause phantom traffic jams. We can relate the traffic flow to mathematics and physics like that of liquids and gases. This paper presents mathematical model for phantom jams and Gauss Jordan elimination for traffic flow.

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Perkins Coppola, Matthew. "Talking and Writing to Learn: The Physics of Traffic Intersection Safety, Part One." Hoosier Science Teacher 41, no. 1 (February 15, 2018): 6–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/thst.v41i123677.

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Physics students learn to engage in argument-based inquiry through mathematical modeling and analysis of real-world data collected from a traffic intersection in their own neighborhood. In this first part of the lesson, students focus on a single traffic intersection. Groups of students used equations of motion to construct simple mathematical models to describe how a driver approaches a yellow light at a traffic intersection. Students tested these mathematical models with a fictitious data set, then as a group collected and analyzed data from an actual traffic intersection of their choosing. Students determined the safety of the traffic intersection and presented their findings to their peers and invited members of the community. This practical research project set the stage for students (in Part Two) to tackle the larger question of whether cameras should be used to enforce traffic laws.

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Knospe, W., L. Santen, A. Schadschneider, and M. Schreckenberg. "A realistic two-lane traffic model for highway traffic." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General 35, no. 15 (April 8, 2002): 3369–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0305-4470/35/15/302.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Physics of traffic"

Löfås, Peter. "Advanced Traffic Service." Thesis, Linköping University, Department of Computer and Information Science, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-374.

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More and more travellers use navigation-aid software to find the way while driving. Most of todays systems use static maps with little or no information at all about currently yeilding roads conditions and disturbances in the network. It is desirable for such services

in the future to include information about road works, accidents, surface conditions and other types of events that affects what route is currently the best.

It is also desirable to notify users about changes in the prerequisites of the chosen route after they have started their trip.

This thesis investigates methods to include dynamic traffic information in route calculations and notifying users when the characteristics change for their chosen route.

The thesis utilizes dynamic traffic information from The Swedish Road Agencys (Vägverket) central database for traffic information, TRISS and calculates affected clients with help of positioning through the GSM network.

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Zhou, Xiao Yi. "Statistical analysis of traffic loads and traffic load effects on bridges." Phd thesis, UNIVERSITE PARIS-EST, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00949929.

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Une grande majorité (85%) des ponts français a une portée inférieure à 50 m. Pour ce type d’ouvrage d’art, la charge de trafic peut être déterminante pour la conception et le recalcul. Or, en Europe, le fret routier a augmenté de 36.2% entre 1995 et 2010, et la croissance annuelle du volume transporté par la route a été évaluée à 1.7% entre 2005 et 2030. Il est donc essentiel de s’assurer que les infrastructures européennes sont en mesure de répondre à cette demande croissante en capacité structurelle des ouvrages. Pour les ouvrages neufs, les modèles de trafic dans les normes ou les législations pour la conception des ponts incluent une marge de sécurité suffisante pour que la croissance du trafic soit prise en compte sans dommage par ces ouvrages. Mais pour les ouvrages existants, la résistance structurelle aux trafics actuels et futur est à vérifier et une priorisation des mesures doit être faite pour assurer leur intégrité structurelle et leur sécurité. De plus, afin de préserver leur infrastructure tout en ne menaçant pas leur compétitivité nationale, certains pays réfléchissent à l’introduction de poids lourds plus longs, plus lourds, ce qui permet de réduire le nombre de véhicules pour un volume ou un tonnage donné, ainsi que d’autres coûts (d’essence, de travail, ..), ce qui justifie encore plus les calculs effectués. Pour répondre à ce genre de problématique, différentes méthodes d’extrapolation ont déjà été utilisées pour modéliser les effets extrêmes du trafic, afin de déterminer les effets caractéristiques pour de grandes périodes de retour. Parmi celles-ci nous pouvons citer l’adaptation d’une gaussienne ou d’une loi de Gumbel sur la queue de distribution empirique, la formule de Rice appliquée à l’histogramme des dépassements de niveaux, la méthode des maxima par blocs ou celle des dépassements de seuils élevés. Les fondements et les utilisations faites de ces méthodes pour modéliser les effets extrêmes du trafic sur les ouvrages sont donnés dans un premier chapitre. De plus, une comparaison quantitative entre ces méthodes est réalisée. Deux études sont présentées, l’une basée sur un échantillon numérique et l’autre sur un échantillon réaliste d’effets du trafic. L’erreur induite par ces méthodes est évaluée à l’aide d’indicatifs statistiques simples, comme l’écart-type et les moindres carrés, évalués sur les valeurs caractéristiques et les probabilités de rupture. Nos conclusions sont, qu’en général, les méthodes sont moins précises lorsqu’il s’agit de déterminer des probabilités de rupture que lorsqu’elles cherchent des valeurs caractéristiques. Mais la raison peut en être les faibles probabilités recherchées (10-6 par an). De plus, bien qu’aucune méthode n’ait réalisée des extrapolations de manière correcte, les meilleures sont celles qui s’intéressent aux queues de probabilités, et en particulier des dépassements au-dessus d’un seuil élevé. Ainsi une étude de cette dernière méthode est réalisée : en effet, cette méthode, nommé "dépassements d’un seuil élevé", considère que les valeurs au-dessus d’un seuil correctement choisi, assez élevé, suit une distribution de Pareto généralisée (GPD). Cette méthode est utilisée de manière intensive dans les domaines de l’hydrologie et la finance, mais non encore appliquée dans le domaine des effets du trafic sur les ouvrages. Beaucoup de facteurs influencent le résultat lorsqu’on applique cette méthode, comme la quantité et la qualité des données à notre disposition, les critères utilisés pour déterminer les pics indépendants, l’estimation des paramètres et le choix du seuil. C’est pour cette raison qu’une étude et une comparaison des différentes méthodes d’estimation des paramètres de la distribution GPD sont effectuées : les conditions, hypothèses, avantages et inconvénients des différentes méthodes sont listés. Différentes méthodes sont ainsi étudiées, telles la méthode des moments (MM), la méthode des moments à poids (PWM), le maximum de vraisemblance (ML), le maximum de vraisemblance pénalisé (PML), le minimum de la densité de la divergence (MDPD), la méthode des fractiles empiriques (EPM), la statistique du maximum d’adaptation et la vraisemblance des moments (LM). Pour comparer ces méthodes, des échantillons numériques, des effets de trafic simulés par Monte Carlo et des effets mesurés sur un ouvrage réel sont utilisés. Comme prévu, les méthodes ont des performances différentes selon l’échantillon considéré. Néanmoins, pour des échantillons purement numériques, MM et PWM sont recommandées pour des distributions à paramètre de forme négatif et des échantillons de petite taille (moins de 200 valeurs). ML est conseillé pour des distributions à paramètre de forme positif. Pour des effets du trafic simulés, ML et PML donne des valeurs de retour plus correctes lorsque le nombre de valeurs au-dessus du seuil est supérieur à 100 ; dans le cas contraire, MM et PWM sont conseillés. De plus, comme c’est prouvé dans l’étude de valeurs réelles mesurées, les valeurs a priori aberrantes ("outliers") ont une influence notable sur le résultat et toutes les méthodes sont moins performantes. Comme cela a été montré dans la littérature, ces "outliers" proviennent souvent du mélange de deux distributions, qui peuvent être deux sous-populations. Dans le cas de l’effet du trafic sur les ouvrages, cela peut être la raison d’une estimation des paramètres non correcte. Les articles existant sur le sujet soulignent le fait que les effets du trafic sont dus à des chargements indépendants, qui correspondant au nombre de véhicules impliqués. Ils ne suivent pas la même distribution, ce qui contredit l’hypothèse classique en théorie des valeurs extrêmes que les événements doivent être indépendants et identiquement distribués. Des méthodes permettant de prendre en compte ce point et utilisant des distributions mélangées (exponentielles ou valeurs extrêmes généralisées) ont été proposées dans la littérature pour modéliser les effets du trafic. Nous proposons une méthode similaire, que nous appelons dépassement de seuils mélangés, afin de tenir des différentes distributions sous-jacentes dans l’échantillon tout en appliquant à chacune d’entre elles la méthode des dépassements de seuil. Pour des ponts ayant des portées supérieures à 50 m, le scénario déterminant est celui de la congestion, qui n’est pas ce qui est étudié ici. De plus, le trafic n’est pas la composante déterminante pour la conception des ponts de longue portée. Mais des problèmes de fatigue peuvent apparaître dans certains ponts, tels les ponts métalliques à dalle orthotrope, où l’étude du trafic peut devenir nécessaire. Ainsi nous avons fait une étude de l’influence de la position des véhicules sur le phénomène de fatigue. Pour cela, quatre fichiers de trafic réels, mesurés en 2010 et 2011 par quatre stations de pesage différentes, ont été utilisés. Ils ont mis à jour des comportements latéraux différents d’une station à l’autre. Si nous les appliquons au viaduc de Millau, qui est un pont métallique à haubans et à dalle orthotrope, nous voyons que l’histogramme des effets et l’effet de fatigue cumulé est beaucoup affecté par le comportement latéral des véhicules. Ainsi, des études approfondies utilisant les éléments finis pour modéliser les ouvrages et des enregistrements de trafic réel, peuvent être utilisées pour pré-déterminer quels éléments, donc quelles soudures, doivent être examinés dans les ponts afin d’estimer leur santé structurelle.

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Schanzenbächer, Florian. "Max-plus modeling of traffic on passenger railway lines with a junction : fundamental diagram and dynamic control." Thesis, Paris Est, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PESC2098.

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La thèse a pour objectif principal de contribuer à la méthodologie de régulation du trafic sur une ligne ferroviaire, dans la configuration typique d’une ligne à tronc et branches en milieu urbain ou régional. L'ambition est d’apporter une modélisation plus fine du trafic des voyageurs et des trains en interaction, qui permette à la fois d’évaluer finement la qualité du service rendu aux voyageurs et différentes décisions de l’opérateur de la ligne. Se basant sur cette modélisation, nous développerons une méthode de contrôle du trafic (stratégique/ tactique et opérationnel) spécialement adaptée au problème de ligne avec embranchement. L'objectif industriel est l'implémentation d'un système de régulation dynamique intelligent pour une ligne à fourche
The aim of the doctoral thesis is to contribute on the developpement of real-time traffic control algorithms for mass transit railway systems with junctions, located in urban areas. The scientific ambition of the doctoral thesis is to develop a traffic model with a finer modelisation of the train-passengers interaction. The model will allow a more precise evaluation of the level of service offered to the passengers and of the decisions taken by the operator of the line. Basing on this modeling, we will develop a control algorithm (strategic/ tactical and operational) in order to enhance the service quality on the line. The objective of the Paris metro system operator, financing this thesis, is to have a ready-to-implement control system for a railway line with a junction

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Powell, James Eckhardt. "Building a Multivariable Linear Regression Model of On-road Traffic for Creation of High Resolution Emission Inventories." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3415.

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Emissions inventories are an important tool, often built by governments, and used to manage emissions. To build an inventory of urban CO2 emissions and other fossil fuel combustion products in the urban atmosphere, an inventory of on-road traffic is required. In particular, a high resolution inventory is necessary to capture the local characteristics of transport emissions. These emissions vary widely due to the local nature of the fleet, fuel, and roads. Here we show a new model of ADT for the Portland, OR metropolitan region. The backbone is traffic counter recordings made by the Portland Bureau of Transportation at 7,767 sites over 21 years (1986-2006), augmented with PORTAL (The Portland Regional Transportation Archive Listing) freeway traffic count data. We constructed a regression model to fill in traffic network gaps using GIS data such as road class and population density. An EPA-supplied emissions factor was used to estimate transportation CO2 emissions, which is compared to several other estimates for the city's CO2 footprint.

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Gregorian, Hayk. "Air Transport versus High-Speed Rail: From Physics to Economics." Bachelor's thesis, Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO), Department of Automotive and Aeronautical Engineering, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1184074658.

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Purpose - This bachelor thesis compares high-speed rail (HSR) transport with air transport. The investigation considers physical fundamentals, energy consumption, environmental impact, infrastructure and investment, market situations, passenger's selection criteria to choose transportation options, and overall economics. --- Methodology - The thesis combines an investigation of physical principles with a literature review. --- Findings - Steel wheels on steel rails show by far less rolling resistance to support the train's weight than drag due to lift (induced drag) to support the aircraft's weight. This leads to less energy consumption. HSR trains use electricity from an overhead line. Hence, the environmental impact of HSR also depends much on how the electricity is produced. Airplanes only need an air traffic control environment to connect airports. In contrast, HSR needs infrastructure to connect stations. The amount of necessary infrastructure depends on the geological conditions. For example, crossing mountains means high investment. Longer passages over water are infeasible for HSR. High-speed rail is superior to air transport when connecting megacities because the trains have higher transport capacity, offer higher service frequencies and mission reliability, shorter total travel time, shorter access time to stations, shorter unproductive waiting time in stations and potentially lower travel costs. HSR is a strong competitor to airline services and has replaced some short range flights. A comparison of HSR in different world regions shows differences in the market situation and in passenger's selection criteria for transportation options. --- Research limitations - The potential of high-speed rail was investigated mainly on busy routes with high service frequencies. A comprehensive network comparison between high-speed trains and airplanes was not done and could lead to somewhat different results. --- Practical implications - The report tries to contribute arguments to the discussion about alternatives to air travel. --- Social implications - With more knowledge people can make an educated choice between transport options, can vote with their feet, and can take a firm position in the public discussion. --- Originality/value - A general comparison of HSR and air transport from physical fundamentals to economics seemed to be missing.

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Cividini, Julien. "Systèmes de transport multivoies : application au trafic piétonnier." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01063303.

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Dans cette thèse on étudie certaines applications de modèles simples de la physique théorique au trafic piétonnier. Ces modèles sont tous des automates cellulaires, plus précisément des processus d'exclusion. Dans la première partie de le thèse on étudie un système unidimensionnel, le processus d'exclusion simple totalement symétrique (TASEP), un modèle paradigmatique de particules qui sautent dans une direction favorisée sur un réseau. Le TASEP peut être utilisé pour modéliser de nombreux phénomènes de transport, et ici on l'étudie avec des schémas de mise à jour adaptés aux piétons. Le "frozen shuffle update", schéma plutôt régulier, est défini et ses propriétés principales sont déterminées exactement sur un anneau, avec conditions aux bords ouvertes et pour deux voies qui se croisent en un seul site. Une théorie du domain wall (mur séparant des domaines) exacte au niveau microscopique est alors construite pour un TASEP avec mise a jour parallèle. On montre que cette dernière est en désaccord avec les prédictions précédentes et que la différence vient de corrélations à courte portée qui sont habituellement négligées pour les schémas de mise à jour présentant des fluctuations plus importantes. Dans la seconde partie on combine plusieurs TASEP afin de former un croisement à deux dimensions comprenant deux flux de particules qui s'intersectent perpendiculairement. Sur un tore on observe une alternance de diagonales de particules de chaque type qu'on voit aussi chez les vrais piétons. Cette structure est alors expliquée par une analyse de stabilité linéaire d'équations type champ moyen. Avec des conditions aux bords ouvertes les diagonales s'inclinent légèrement, donnant naissance à "l'effet chevron", qu'on observe aussi bien pour les particules que pour les équations. L'effet chevron est fondamentalement nonlinéaire, mais peut tout de même être expliqué par des calculs d'interactions effectives entre les particules, de manière similaire à ce qui est fait en mécanique des fluides. Pour finir, quelques généralisations naturelles sont rapidement étudiées numériquement pour tester l'applicabilité du modèle aux piétons et la possibilité de mesurer l'effet chevron dans des expériences.

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Prabhakar, Yadu. "Detection and counting of Powered Two Wheelers in traffic using a single-plane Laser Scanner." Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00973472.

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The safety of Powered Two Wheelers (PTWs) is important for public authorities and roadadministrators around the world. Recent official figures show that PTWs are estimated to represent only 2% of the total traffic but represent 30% of total deaths on French roads. However, as these estimated figures are obtained by simply counting the number plates registered, they do not give a true picture of the PTWs on the road at any given moment. This dissertation comes under the project METRAMOTO and is a technical applied research work and deals with two problems: detection of PTWsand the use of a laser scanner to count PTWs in the traffic. Traffic generally contains random vehicles of unknown nature and behaviour such as speed,vehicle interaction with other users on the road etc. Even though there are several technologies that can measure traffic, for example radars, cameras, magnetometers etc, as the PTWs are small-sized vehicles, they often move in between lanes and at quite a high speed compared to the vehicles moving in the adjacent lanes. This makes them difficult to detect. the proposed solution in this research work is composed of the following parts: a configuration to install the laser scanner on the road is chosen and a data coherence method is introduced so that the system is able to detect the road verges and its own height above the road surface. This is validated by simulator. Then the rawd ata obtained is pre-processed and is transform into the spatial temporal domain. Following this, an extraction algorithm called the Last Line Check (LLC) method is proposed. Once extracted, the objectis classified using one of the two classifiers either the Support Vector Machine (SVM) or the k-Nearest Neighbour (KNN). At the end, the results given by each of the two classifiers are compared and presented in this research work. The proposed solution in this research work is a propototype that is intended to be integrated in a real time system that can be installed on a highway to detect, extract, classify and counts PTWs in real time under all traffic conditions (traffic at normal speeds, dense traffic and even traffic jams).

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Pernica, Lukáš. "3D Autoškola." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-236792.

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This study was created to describe and to design the 3D simulator for a driving schools. In the study there are gathered the basic definitions of available simulators and possibilities of their application in real life. This new simulator is designed on a basis of detailed study of available simulators. In study are described the issues with simulation of traffic system, monitoring compliance with the traffic rules as well as a new user interface model. The whole concept and procedure during implementation of the simulator are described at the end of the work.

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Brust, Alexandre. "FÍSICA APLICADA NAS SITUAÇÕES DE TRÂNSITO." Universidade Franciscana, 2013. http://tede.universidadefranciscana.edu.br:8080/handle/UFN-BDTD/101.

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Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-27T19:12:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 Alexandre Brust.pdf.txt: 107472 bytes, checksum: 05646f4de5ee44912e3b75e7da90fcc7 (MD5) Alexandre Brust.pdf.jpg: 3286 bytes, checksum: 3e86301426c3f6b8d1c39f754aaf7457 (MD5) Alexandre Brust.pdf: 2660130 bytes, checksum: 291968ae6c224dcce166603b07f4e114 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-19
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This study aimed to evaluate the role of education in traffic associated with kinematics and evaluate possible changes in behavior with respect to the direction of future drivers. Participated in our survey, students in the first year of high school, a private educational institution in the North West of the State of Rio Grande do Sul. In all activities was used traffic to assist in the understanding of some physical concepts in kinematics and the Newton´s laws, physics curriculum content for the first year. The survey was conducted using structured questionnaires along with application classes using the methodology of the three pedagogical moments methodology for providing discussion between students and teacher and for problem-solving. Besides the three questionnaires during classes, some observations were made in the development of activities. The traffic topic is very useful for the application of physics concepts, providing a major increase in the appropriation of knowledge by the students (meaningful learning), in relation to these concepts. We conclude that this work contributed to the construction of knowledge of the physics of the participants. A significant change in attitude toward transit was also observed by changing thoughts and even forming opinions not previously existed.
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o papel da educação no trânsito associada a aula de cinemática e avaliar possíveis mudanças de comportamento com relação a direção de futuros motoristas. Participaram de nossa pesquisa, alunos do primeiro ano do Ensino Médio, de uma Instituição de Ensino Privado no Noroeste do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Em todas as atividades foi utilizado tema Trânsito para auxiliar na compreensão de alguns conceitos físicos presentes na Cinemática e nas Leis de Newton, conteúdos do currículo da Física para o primeiro ano. A pesquisa foi realizada utilizando questionários estruturados, juntamente com aulas de aplicação com o uso da metodologia dos três momentos pedagógicos, metodologia utilizada por proporcionar discussão entre os alunos e o professor e por ter caráter problematizador. Além dos três questionários aplicados no decorrer das aulas, foram feitas algumas observações no desenvolvimento das atividades. O tema Trânsito é muito útil para a aplicação de conceitos de Física, proporcionando um acréscimo na apropriação do conhecimento por parte dos alunos (aprendizagem significativa), em relação à esses conceitos. Concluímos que esse trabalho contribuiu para a construção do conhecimento da Física dos participantes. Também foi observada uma mudança significativa de atitude em relação ao trânsito, alterando pensamentos e até mesmo formando opiniões que anteriormente nem existiam.

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Lin, Kai-Jui. "Influence of weather conditions on the propagation of highway noise at sites with barriers." Ohio : Ohio University, 2000. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1172598982.

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Книги з теми "Physics of traffic"

Kerner, Boris S. The Physics of Traffic. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40986-1.

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Tao, P. K. The physics of traffic accident investigation. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1987.

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Daily, John. Fundamentals of applied physics for traffic accident investigations. Jacksonville, Fla: Institute of Police Technology and Management, 1997.

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Bianco, Lucio. Modelling and Simulation in Air Traffic Management. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997.

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Fricke, Lynn B. Mathematics and physics review for traffic accident reconstruction: Topic 856 of The traffic-accident investigation manual. Evanston, Ill. (P.O. Box 1409, Evanston 60204): Northwestern University Traffic Institute, 1988.

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Kerner, B. S. The physics of traffic: Empirical freeway pattern features, engineering applications, and theory. Berlin: Springer, 2005.

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Kerner, B. S. The physics of traffic: Empirical freeway pattern features, engineering applications, and theory. Berlin: Springer, 2010.

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The physics of traffic: Empirical freeway pattern features, engineering applications, and theory. Berlin: Springer, 2004.

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Kerner, Boris S. The Physics of Traffic: Empirical Freeway Pattern Features, Engineering Applications, and Theory. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004.

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Weisbecker, A. C. Cosmic banditos: A contrabandista's quest for the meaning of life. New York: Vintage Books, 1986.

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Частини книг з теми "Physics of traffic"

Kerner, Boris S. "Introduction." In The Physics of Traffic, 1–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40986-1_1.

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Kerner, Boris S. "Empirical Breakdown Phenomenon: Phase Transition from Free Flow to Synchronized Flow." In The Physics of Traffic, 269–304. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40986-1_10.

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Kerner, Boris S. "Empirical Features of Wide Moving Jam Propagation." In The Physics of Traffic, 305–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40986-1_11.

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Kerner, Boris S. "Empirical Features of Moving Jam Emergence." In The Physics of Traffic, 321–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40986-1_12.

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Kerner, Boris S. "Empirical Pattern Evolution and Transformation at Isolated Bottlenecks." In The Physics of Traffic, 349–63. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40986-1_13.

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Kerner, Boris S. "Empirical Complex Pattern Formation Caused by Peculiarities of Freeway Infrastructure." In The Physics of Traffic, 365–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40986-1_14.

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Kerner, Boris S. "Dependence of Empirical Fundamental Diagram on Congested Pattern Features." In The Physics of Traffic, 373–95. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40986-1_15.

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Kerner, Boris S. "Microscopic Traffic Flow Models for Spatiotemporal Congested Patterns." In The Physics of Traffic, 399–431. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40986-1_16.

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Kerner, Boris S. "Microscopic Theory of Phase Transitions in Freeway Traffic." In The Physics of Traffic, 433–48. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40986-1_17.

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Kerner, Boris S. "Congested Patterns at Isolated Bottlenecks." In The Physics of Traffic, 449–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-40986-1_18.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Physics of traffic"

Mahnke, R., J. Kaupužs, and I. Lubashevsky. "Physics of Nucleation on Roads." In International Conference on Traffic and Transportation Studies (ICTTS) 2002. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40630(255)113.

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Rastgoftar, Hossein, and Anouck Girard. "Resilient Physics-Based Traffic Congestion Control." In 2020 American Control Conference (ACC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/acc45564.2020.9147446.

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Rastgoftar, Hossein, Jean-Baptiste Jeannin, and Ella Atkins. "An Integrative Behavioral-Based Physics-Inspired Approach to Traffic Congestion Control." In ASME 2020 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2020-3330.

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Abstract This paper offers an integrative behavioral-based physics-inspired approach to model and control traffic congestion in an efficient manner While existing physics-based approaches commonly assign density and traffic flow states with the Fundamental Diagram, this paper specifies the flow-density relation using past traffic behavior (intent) recorded over a time sliding window with constant horizon length. With this approach, traffic coordination trends can be consistently learned and incorporated into traffic planning. This is integrated with mass conservation law (continuity) to model traffic coordination as a probabilistic process and obtain traffic feasibility conditions using linear temporal logic. By spatial discretization of a network of inter-connected roads (NOIR), the NOIR is represented by a graph with inlet boundary nodes, outlet boundary nodes, and interior nodes. The paper offers a boundary control approach to manage congestion through the inlet boundary nodes. More specifically, model predictive control (MPC) is applied to control traffic congestion through the boundary of the traffic network. Therefore, the optimal boundary in flow is assigned as the solution of a constrained quadratic programming problem with equality and inequality constrained. The simulation results shows that the proposed MPC boundary controller can successfully control the traffic through the inlet boundary nodes where traffic reaches the steady state condition.

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Kerner, Boris S. "Autosolitons in applied physics and traffic flow." In Chaotic, fractal, and nonlinear signal processing. AIP, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.51016.

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Velasco, R. M. "The Informational Entropy in Traffic Flow." In STATISTICAL PHYSICS AND BEYOND: 2nd Mexican Meeting on Mathematical and Experimental Physics. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1900501.

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Huang, Jiheng, and Shaurya Agarwal. "Physics Informed Deep Learning for Traffic State Estimation." In 2020 IEEE 23rd International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITSC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itsc45102.2020.9294236.

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Chen, Yangbo, Chin-An Tan, and Maria Q. Feng. "Physics-based traffic excitation models for highway bridges." In Smart Structures and Materials, edited by Shih-Chi Liu. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.540041.

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Bogdan, Paul, and Radu Marculescu. "Statistical physics approaches for network-on-chip traffic characterization." In the 7th IEEE/ACM international conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1629435.1629498.

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Méndez, A. R., and R. M. Velasco. "Improved macroscopic traffic flow model for aggressive drivers." In NONEQUILIBRIUM STATISTICAL PHYSICS TODAY: Proceedings of the 11th Granada Seminar on Computational and Statistical Physics. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3569546.

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del Río, J. A. "Transient Situations in Traffic Flow: Modelling the Mexico City Cuernavaca Highway." In STATISTICAL PHYSICS AND BEYOND: 2nd Mexican Meeting on Mathematical and Experimental Physics. AIP, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1900500.

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Wang, Shenlong, and David Forsyth. Safely Test Autonomous Vehicles with Augmented Reality. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/22-015.

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This work exploits augmented reality to safely train and validate autonomous vehicles’ performance in the real world under safety-critical scenarios. Toward this goal, we first develop algorithms that create virtual traffic participants with risky behaviors and seamlessly insert the virtual events into real images perceived from the physical world. The resulting composed images are photorealistic and physically grounded. The manipulated images are fed into the autonomous vehicle during testing, allowing the self-driving vehicle to react to such virtual events within either a photorealistic simulator or a real-world test track and real hardware systems. Our presented technique allows us to develop safe, hardware-in-the-loop, and cost-effective tests for self-driving cars to respond to immersive safety-critical traffic scenarios.

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David, Aharon. Unsettled Topics Concerning Airport Cybersecurity Standards and Regulation. SAE International, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2021020.

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A large international airport is a microcosm of the entire aviation sector, hosting hundreds of different types of aviation and non-aviation stakeholders: aircraft, passengers, airlines, travel agencies, air traffic management and control, retails shops, runway systems, building management, ground transportation, and much more. Their associated information technology and cyber physical systems—along with an exponentially resultant number of interconnections—present a massive cybersecurity challenge. Unlike the physical security challenge, which was treated in earnest throughout the last decades, cyber-attacks on airports keep coming, but most airport lack essential means to confront such cyber-attacks. These missing means are not technical tools, but rather holistic regulatory directives, technical and process standards, guides, and best practices for airports cybersecurity—even airport cybersecurity concepts and basic definitions are missing in certain cases. Unsettled Topics Concerning Airport Cybersecurity Standards and Regulation offers a deeper analysis of these issues and their causes, focusing on the unique characteristics of airports in general, specific cybersecurity challenges, missing definitions, and conceptual infrastructure for the standardization and regulation of airports cybersecurity. This last item includes the gaps and challenges in the existing guides, best-practices, standards, and regulation pertaining to airport cybersecurity. Finally, practical solution-seeking processes are proposed, as well as some specific potential frameworks and solutions.

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Yan, Yujie, and Jerome F. Hajjar. Automated Damage Assessment and Structural Modeling of Bridges with Visual Sensing Technology. Northeastern University, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17760/d20410114.

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Recent advances in visual sensing technology have gained much attention in the field of bridge inspection and management. Coupled with advanced robotic systems, state-of-the-art visual sensors can be used to obtain accurate documentation of bridges without the need for any special equipment or traffic closure. The captured visual sensor data can be post-processed to gather meaningful information for the bridge structures and hence to support bridge inspection and management. However, state-of-the-practice data postprocessing approaches require substantial manual operations, which can be time-consuming and expensive. The main objective of this study is to develop methods and algorithms to automate the post-processing of the visual sensor data towards the extraction of three main categories of information: 1) object information such as object identity, shapes, and spatial relationships - a novel heuristic-based method is proposed to automate the detection and recognition of main structural elements of steel girder bridges in both terrestrial and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based laser scanning data. Domain knowledge on the geometric and topological constraints of the structural elements is modeled and utilized as heuristics to guide the search as well as to reject erroneous detection results. 2) structural damage information, such as damage locations and quantities - to support the assessment of damage associated with small deformations, an advanced crack assessment method is proposed to enable automated detection and quantification of concrete cracks in critical structural elements based on UAV-based visual sensor data. In terms of damage associated with large deformations, based on the surface normal-based method proposed in Guldur et al. (2014), a new algorithm is developed to enhance the robustness of damage assessment for structural elements with curved surfaces. 3) three-dimensional volumetric models - the object information extracted from the laser scanning data is exploited to create a complete geometric representation for each structural element. In addition, mesh generation algorithms are developed to automatically convert the geometric representations into conformal all-hexahedron finite element meshes, which can be finally assembled to create a finite element model of the entire bridge. To validate the effectiveness of the developed methods and algorithms, several field data collections have been conducted to collect both the visual sensor data and the physical measurements from experimental specimens and in-service bridges. The data were collected using both terrestrial laser scanners combined with images, and laser scanners and cameras mounted to unmanned aerial vehicles.

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CAREC Road Safety Engineering Manual 4: Pedestrian Safety. Asian Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim210073-2.

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This manual is a practical point of reference for the provision of safer pedestrian facilities in Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) countries. It focuses on the physical road infrastructure that can help pedestrians safely cross, and walk along, roads. It also outlines proven facilities that have been shown to assist pedestrians including those in the high-risk groups. Aimed at engineers, project managers, planners, traffic police, and other decision-makers, the manual shows how wise investment in pedestrian facilities can save lives, prevent injuries, and return major economic benefits to CAREC countries.

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