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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 22 червня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Phrases relatives":

Patin, Cédric. "prosody of Shingazidja relatives." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 53 (January 1, 2010): 187–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.53.2010.398.

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Símákonde is an Eastern Bantu language (P23) spoken by immigrant Mozambican communities in Zanzibar and on the Tanzanian mainland. Like other Makonde dialects and other Eastern and Southern Bantu languages (Hyman 2009), it has lost the historical Proto-Bantu vowel length contrast and now has a regular phrase-final stress rule, which causes a predictable bimoraic lengthening of the penultimate syllable of every Prosodic Phrase. The study of the prosody / syntax interface in Símákonde Relative Clauses requires to take into account the following elements: the relationship between the head and the relative verb, the conjoint / disjoint verbal distinction and the various phrasing patterns of Noun Phrases. Within Símákonde noun phrases, depending on the nature of the modifier, three different phrasing situations are observed: a modifier or modifiers may (i) be required to phrase with the head noun, (ii) be required to phrase separately, or (iii) optionally phrase with the head noun.

Mtenje, Al. "On relative clauses and prosodic phrasing in Ciwandya." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 55 (January 1, 2011): 121–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.55.2011.411.

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The interaction between Syntax and Phonology has been one area of interesting empirical research and theoretical debate in recent years, particularly the question of the extent to which syntactic structure influences phonological phrasing. It has generally been observed that the edges of the major syntactic constituents (XPs) tend to coincide with prosodic phrase boundaries thus resulting in XPs like subject NPs, object NPs, Topic NPs, VPs etc. forming separate phonological phrases. Within Optimality Theoretic (OT) accounts, this fact has been attributed to a number of well-motivated general alignment constraints. Studies on relative clauses in Bantu and other languages have significantly contributed to this area of research inquiry where a number of parametric variations have been observed with regard to prosodic phrasing. In some languages, XPs which are heads of relatives form separate phonological phrases while in others they phrase with the relative clauses. This paper makes a contribution to this topic by discussing the phrasing of relatives in Ciwandya (a Bantu language spoken in Malawi and Tanzania). It shows that XPs which are heads of restrictive relative clauses phrase with their relative verbs, regardless of whether they are subjects, objects or other adjuncts. A variety of syntactic constructions are used to illustrate this fact. The discussion also confirms what has been generally observed in other Bantu languages concerning restrictive relatives with clefts and non-restrictive relative clauses. In both cases, the heads of the relatives phrase separately. The paper adopts an OT analysis which has been well articulated and defended in Cheng & Downing (2007, 2010, to appear) Downing & Mtenje (2010, 2011) to account for these phenomena in Ciwandya.

Farrar, William T., and Alan H. Kawamoto. "The Return of “Visiting Relatives”: Pragmatic Effects in Sentence Processing." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A 46, no. 3 (August 1993): 463–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14640749308401057.

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Two experiments were performed to investigate the role of syntactic and pragmatic cues on the disambiguation of noun phrases of the form VERB+ing NOUN+s, like visiting relatives, that can be interpreted as either singular or plural noun phrases. Both experiments used a self-paced reading task in which reading times were measured for two words, a verb and an adverb, immediately following the potentially ambiguous noun phrase. The interpretation of the noun phrase as singular or plural was biased by pragmatic cues in the first experiment and by syntactic cues in the second experiment. In both experiments, subjects were faster to read the adverb following the verb when the interpretation biased by the cues agreed in number with the verb that immediately followed the target noun phrase than when it did not agree with the verb. These results suggest that pragmatic cues, like syntactic cues, can be utilized rapidly in sentence processing.

Dikken, Marcel den. "Amharic Relatives and Possessives: Definiteness, Agreement, and the Linker." Linguistic Inquiry 38, no. 2 (March 2007): 302–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/ling.2007.38.2.302.

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Ouhalla's (2004) valuable discussion of relativized and possessed noun phrases in Amharic leaves a number of questions open. Foremost among these is the placement of the linker element yä-. Starting from an analysis of relative clauses and possessors as predicates of their “heads,” this article develops a syntax of complex noun phrases in Amharic that explains the raison d'être and placement of yä-, and also accommodates facts about definiteness marking and agreement in the Amharic complex noun phrase that have hitherto largely escaped attention or analysis. The analysis emphasizes the role of Predicate Inversion and head movement in syntax, and it confirms and extends the minimalist Agree- and phase-based approach to syntactic relationships.

HASEGAWA, HIROSHI. "ENGLISH INFINITIVAL RELATIVES AS PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES." ENGLISH LINGUISTICS 15 (1998): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.9793/elsj1984.15.1.

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Corver, Norbert. "Exclamative relatives in vocative noun phrases." Nederlandse Taalkunde 21, no. 3 (December 1, 2016): 379–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/nedtaa2016.3.corv.

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Ndomba, Rodrick G. "Deriving Object Relatives in Kiswahili Determiner Phrases." Utafiti 15, no. 1 (June 23, 2020): 117–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/26836408-15010026.

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Abstract Generally one finds there are shortages in the array of technical resources available to penetrate the morphology of Kiswahili and its similarities to, as well as its departures from, morphemic structures in other Bantu languages. The introduction of a new approach employed here is an attempt to contribute to correcting that deficit. Object relative Determiner Phrases (DPs) in Kiswahili are common noun phrases with the noun head called the object relative appearing in the initial position of the DP. The phrases also have relative words and clitics introducing relative clauses. In Kiswahili these phrases are formed via DP internal movements of the object noun to the highest position coupled with movements of the subject and verb complex. The suggestion here that the object relative moves to the highest position in DP configuration marks a significant departure from other studies. This analysis provides theoretical insights about how these constructions are mapped in the minds of Kiswahili speakers. Refinement of the morpho-syntactic display which is specific to Kiswahili is essential for helping learners of the language to master it correctly. Further research will reveal whether the analysis of the object relative adopted DP can be used to derive similar phrases in other Bantu languages, such as Sesotho, Chishona, Ikalanga, and ciNsenga.

Pompei, Anna. "De la classification typologique des phrases relatives en latin classique." Emerita 79, no. 1 (June 30, 2011): 55–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/emerita.2011.03.1020.

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Vietri, Simonetta. "The Indefinite Article and the Restrictive Relative Clause in Italian." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 11, no. 2 (January 1, 1987): 253–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.11.2.02vie.

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Cet article traite des phrases relatives restrictives attachées a un syn-tagme nominal avec déterminant indéfini en italien. Dans une première partie l'on montre que les valeurs "spécifique" et "non-spécifique" de l'article UN dépendent du temps-mode de la relative et ensuite des valeurs tempo-aspectuels du verbe de la phrase principale. L'analyse détaillée des entrées lexicales met en lumière l'existence d'au moins deux classes de verbes qui déterminent, en combinaison avec la relative et le temps-mode, des interprétations différentes de l'article UN.

Valetopoulos, Freiderikos, and Efi Lamprou. "Les phrases relatives : la complexité à l’épreuve des corpus d’apprenants." Éla. Études de linguistique appliquée N° 185, no. 1 (2017): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/ela.185.0067.

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Дисертації з теми "Phrases relatives":

Bellier, Marion Aubin Ghislaine. "La compréhension des phrases relatives objets chez les aphasiques quelle rééducation ? /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=19066.

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Liu, Chang. "Existential Sentences in Mandarin Chinese : (Les phrases existentielles en chinois mandarin)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021PA080100.

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Cette thèse s’attache à l’étude de la syntaxe et de la sémantique de quatre types de phrases existentielles (PS) en chinois mandarin. Selon le classement proposé par Huang (1987), ces PS sont basées sur yǒu « avoir » (Type I), sur des verbes de dis/apparition comme lái « venir » et sǐ « mourir » (Type II), sur des verbes de localisation comme zuò « s'asseoir » (Type III) et sur des Constructions de Prédication Secondaire ou Presentational Amalgam Constructions (Type IV). Pour chaque type d’PS, nous proposons une analyse syntaxique non-uniforme basée sur ses propriétés syntaxiques et sémantiques.Dans le chapitre 2, nous étudions la PS basée sur yǒu « avoir », à la fois dans des contextes racine et dans certains contextes enchâssés. Les PS basées sur yǒu « avoir » consistent en un syntagme nominal de localisation (« localiser phrase ») suivi par yǒu « avoir », un pivot et une coda. Les chercheurs les ont comparées aux PS « there be » en anglais (Milsark 1974, McNally 1997). Dans les contextes racine, nous montrons que la PS avec un sujet manifeste (syntagme nominal de localisation) a une structure prédicationnelle, et que le pivot dénote une propriété. En revanche, la PS sans sujet manifeste a un sujet explétif, et le pivot est un argument interne. Avec une coda, le complément de yǒu « have » est considéré comme une phrase relative (PR) à tête interne, dans laquelle la tête interne se déplace vers Spec,CP de la clause (analyse par montée, cf. Simpson 2003/1997). Nous montrons en outre que ce type de PR dans les constructions yǒu-PS partage une structure de base avec la phrase relative pré-nominale dotée d’un démonstratif (sans le marqueur de modification de). Ce type d’approche rappelle une analyse des phrases relatives libres « Free Relatives » définies et indéfinies en chuj qui partagent une structure relative commune (Kotek & Erlewine 2016).Dans certains contextes enchâssés tels que la phrase rúguǒ « si » et le sujet phrasal, la yǒu-PS n’est pas sujette à la contrainte d’indéfinitude (Li 1996). Nous suivons Li en analysant le complément de yǒu « avoir » comme ayant une structure vP/VP. Nous montrons qu’un tel vP dénote le type d’événement « event type ». Le sujet est un explétif.En outre, nous proposons une première analyse des Presentational Amalgam Constructions (PACs). Les PACs ont été étudiées sous le nom de Constructions de Prédication Secondaire dans la littérature (Tsai 1994, Del Gobbo 2014). Le terme implique l’analyse selon laquelle la coda est un prédicat secondaire. Nous montrons que la séquence post-verbale a une structure de la phrase relative, avec le pivot engendré en tant qu’une tête relative externe, et la coda adjointe à gauche du pivot. À l'intérieur de la coda, la tête interne NP se déplace et s’efface contre la tête externe (analyse « matching »). L’ordre de surface est obtenu grâce au mouvement du pivot vers une position d’objet supérieure. Cette analyse ranime partiellement l'analyse de Tai (1978)
This dissertation investigates the syntax and semantics of four types of Existential sentences (ESs) classified by Huang (1987) in Mandarin Chinese. These ESs are based on yǒu ‘have’ (Type I), verbs of (dis)appearances like lái ‘come’ and sǐ ‘die’ (Type II), locational verbs like zuò ‘sit' (Type III) and Presentational Amalgam Constructions (Type IV). For each type of ESs, I propose non-uniform syntactic analysis based on their syntactic and semantic properties.In Chapter 2, we investigate the yǒu ‘have’-ES both in root contexts and in certain embedded contexts. Full-fledged yǒu ‘have’-ESs are composed of a pre-yǒu localiser phrase, yǒu ‘have’, a pivot and a coda. Scholars have compared them to English there be existentials (Milsark 1974, McNally 1997). In root contexts, it is argued that the ES with a subject (a localiser phrase) has a predication structure, and the pivot denotes property. By contrast, the ES without an overt subject has an expletive subject, and the pivot is an internal argument. We argue that yǒu ‘have’ is not an unaccusative verb. With a coda, the complement of yǒu ‘have’ is argued to be a left-headed Internally Headed Relative Clause, in which the internal head moves to Spec,CP of the clause (Raising Analysis, see also Simpson 2003/1997). It is further argued that this type of RC in yǒu-ESs has a common core structure with the pre-nominal relative clause with a demonstrative head noun (without the modification marker de). This is reminiscent of the analysis that definite and indefinite free relatives share a common relative clause structure in Chuj (Kotek & Erlewine 2016).In certain embedded contexts such as rúguǒ ‘if’-clause and sentential subject, the yǒu-ES does not exhibit the Definiteness Effect (Li 1996). We follow Li in analysing the complement of yǒu ‘have’ as having a vP/VP structure. We take this vP to denote event type. The subject is an expletive. Furthermore, I provide my first analysis of Presentational Amalgam Constructions (PACs). The PAC has been studied under the name Secondary Predication Constructions in the literature (Tsai 1994, Del Gobbo 2014). The term implies the analysis in which the coda is a secondary predicate. I argue that the post-verbal sequence has a relative clause, in which the pivot is the External Head, and the coda is originally left-adjoined to the pivot. Inside the coda clause, the Internal Head NP moves and gets elided against the External Head (Matching Analysis). The surface pivot-coda order is achieved as a result of the movement of the pivot to a higher object position. This analysis partially revives Tai’s (1978) analysis

Benshenshin, Marwa. "Le mot quoi et ses équivalents arabes mā et māḏā dans les phrases interrogatives, percontatives, relatives et intégratives : Étude Contrastive". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA077.

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Cette étude comparative porte sur les emplois interrogatif, percontatif, relatif (avec antécédent) et intégratif (sans antécédent) du pronom indéfini quoi en français et de ses équivalents mā et māḏā en langue arabe. Notre corpus est tiré de la littérature du XXe siècle, et plus particulièrement des romans et des pièces de théâtre de Margueritte Duras et de Marcel Pagnol pour le français, et de Naguib Mahfouz pour lʼarabe. Nous étudierons tout dʼabord les emplois de ces trois pronoms régis par leurs caractéristiques et leurs propriétés syntaxiques. Nous analysons le comportement syntaxique de mā et de māḏā dans leurs emplois interrogatifs en comparaison avec leur équivalent français quoi. Nous verrons notamment quʼil existe des points communs et des divergences entre les deux langues, plus particulièrement concernant leur autonomie syntaxique au niveau de leur position dans la phrase. Nous examinons également lʼemploi de quoi et de mā et māḏā dans la subordination, en tant que percontatifs, relatifs et intégratifs. Notre analyse montre que les différentes formes de la percontative sʼexpliquent par les caractéristiques propres aux trois pronoms. Pour les deux autres emplois, il existe des points de divergence entre mā et quoi, surtout au niveau de lʼantécédent utilisé pour le relatif. Quant à lʼemploi intégratif, mā, de par ses propriétés syntaxiques, admet plus de fonctions dans la phrase que son équivalent quoi
This comparative study examines the interrogative, percontative, relative (with antecedent)and integrative (with no antecedent) uses of quoi the indefinite pronoun in French and itsequivalents mā and māḏā in Arabic. Our corpus is taken from twentieth century literature,especially novels and plays of Margueritte Duras and Marcel Pagnol for French, and NaguibMahfouz for Arabic. We first see how the uses of these three pronouns are governed by theircharacteristics and syntactic properties. We analyze the syntactic behavior of mā and māḏā intheir interrogative uses compared with their French equivalent quoi. We will see that there aresimilarities and differences between the two languages, especially regarding their syntacticautonomy in their position in the sentence. We also examine the use of quoi, mā and māḏā insubordination, as percontatifs, relatives and integratives. Our analysis shows that the differentforms of percontative are explained by the characteristics of the three pronouns. For the lasttwo uses, there are many points of divergence between mā and quoi, especially regarding thetype of antecedent being used. In terms of integrative use mā, through its syntactic properties,admits more functions in the sentence than its equivalent quoi

Le, Pesant Denis. "La regle de montee une regle pour l'analyse des constructions relatives, des descriptions definies, des extractions et des phrases interrogatives. Syntaxe du francais." Paris 7, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA070017.

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Nous avons emprunte a j. R. Vergnaud le principe de l'analyse par montee. Pour nous il existe une condition sur montee: le gn destine a faire l'objet de montee doit etre affecte d'un determinant indefini. Le gn, apres avoir ete deplace en premiere position, est affecte du constituant discontinu "le. . . Qu-": je vois un homme. L'homme que je vois. Nous avons principalement distingue deux relativations. Nous partons d'une structure de base constituee d'une suite de deux phrases, telles que: p1 je vois un homme p2 (e) est luc relativation 1: le gn produit par montee dans p1 est enchasse dans la position lexicalement vide de p2. P1 est ensuite effacee. Nous obtenons: l'homme que je vois est luc. Relativation 2: meme procedure que ci-dessus, sauf l'effacement de p1. Le gn enchasse en p2 est converti, suivant des regles morphosyntaxiques, en une des formes du pronom relatif, du pronom personnel, ou du pronom demonstratif. Nous obtenons "je vois un homme qui est luc", ou "je vois un homme. Celui-ci est luc". Ainsi, relativation est un cas particulier de pronominalisation. D'autre part il nous a semble qu'un gn produit par montee est sous-jacent a tout gn defini, sauf s'il s'agit d'un nom propre ou d'un nom referant a un objet unique. Nous avons enfin essaye d'appliquer montee a l'analyse des extractions (c'est. . . Qu-) et des phrases interrogatives
We borrowed from j. R. Vergnaud the principle of the analysis according the rule of raising. For us there is one condition to raising: the np that is to be raised must be provided with an indefinite determiner. The np is shifted to the head of the sentence. Besides it is provided with the discontinuous unit "le. . . Qu-": je vois un homme. L'homme que je vois. We have mainly distinguished two relativizations. We start from a basic structure with two sentences such as: si je vois un homme s2 (e) est luc relativization 1: the gap in s2 is filled by a np produced by raising in s1. S1 is then erased. We have got: l'homme que je vois est luc. Relativization 2: same process as seen above, without the erasing of s1. The np embedded in s2 is converted, according morphosyntactic rules, into one of the forms of the relative pronoun or into other pronominal forms. We have got either "je vois un homme qui est luc" or "je vois un homme. Celui-ci est luc". Thus relativization is a particular case of pronominalization. Besides it appeared to us that a np generated by raising is underlying in every definite np, except if it is a name or a noun referring to a unique thing. We eventually tried to use raising in the analysis of extractions (c'est. . . Qu-) and interrogative sentences

Le, Pesant Denis. "La Règle de montée une règle pour l'analyse des constructions relatives, des descriptions définies, des extractions et des phrases interrogatives : syntaxe du français /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376073315.

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Haffar, Bilal Kamel. "La phrase relative chez Terence : étude linguistique et philologique de la phrase relative dans l'œuvre de P. Terentius Afer." Paris 4, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA040244.

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L'étude de la relative chez Terence nous montre qu'il est impossible de ramener la relative à un schéma unique, celui qui est adopté par l'écrasante majorité des théoriciens de la langue, à savoir la relative à antécédent. D'autres schémas s'imposent et la distribution casuelle du pronom relatif nous montre qu'il y a au moins trois schémas différents : la schéma binaire qui is, le schéma is. . . Qui et le schéma ternaire : antécédent + pronom relatif + syntagme verbal. L'examen philologique et l'analyse numérique ont renforcé notre hypothèse
The study of the relative clause shows that is impossible to reduce the relative clause to a unique pattern which is adopted by the majority of the linguistic theoreticians: the pattern with antecedent. Others patterns emerge and the casual distribution of the relative pronoun shows that are three patterns fundamentally different : the binary pattern : qui is ; the is. . . Qui pattern and the tripartite pattern: antecedent + relatif pronoun + sv. The philological exam and the numeric analyses had renforced our hypothesis

Bassols, Codina Sergio. "La phrase relative en kurde central : étude syntaxique." Paris 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA030129.

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Ce travail propose une etude synchronique de la relative en kurde central ou sorani, dialecte majoritaire des kurdes d'irak et d'iran. Cette etude est basee sur un corpus de textes ecrits qui, a l'exception d'un recueil de contes populaires provenant de la region d'erbil (kurdistan d'irak), relevent essentiellement de la langue litteraire, telle qu'elle est actuellement en usage chez les kurdes d'irak et d'iran. Les divergences entre les differents parlers relevant du kurde central ont ete etudiees a la lumiere des formes particulieres qui apparaissent dans les textes utilises, sans que l'on y ait apprecie toutefois de differences notables quant a la relative. Dans l'analyse de la relative, l'aspect syntaxique a ete largement privilegie. Pourtant, l'aspect semantique n'a pas ete neglige, surtout lorsqu'il s'est revele pertinent sur un plan morpho-syntaxique. Le travail est divise en six parties principales : 1) considerations generales sur la relative; 2) l'antecedent : nature et determination de l'antecedent, le demonstratif comme antecedent; 3) structure de la phrase relative : place de la relative, les relateurs, les resomptifs, structure de s relatives indefinies; 4) types de relatives : relatives descriptives et relatives restrictives, relatives circonstancielles; 5) relatives complexes : relatives coordonnees, relatives subordonnees, propositions subordonnees a des relatives; 6) l'emploi du verbe : temps et modes. Une comparaison avec le kurde septentrional ou kurmandji est esquisee dans les conclusions
This work offers a synchronic study of the relative claus in central kurdish or sorani, principal dialect in iraq and iran. This study, excepting one collection of popular tales from the erbil's district (iraqi kurdistan), is based on a corpus of written texts, which come from the literary language, as it is actually used by the kurds in iraq and iran. The divergences between the various speechs which come from central kurdish have been studied using particular forms which appear in the different texts of the corpus. Nevertheless, we didn't find relevant differencies for the relative clause in these different texts. In the analysis of the relative, the syntaxic aspect has been largely priviligied. But, the semantic aspect was not neglected, particulary when it was morpho-syntaxically pertinent. The study includes six principal parts : 1) general considerations about the relative clause; 2) the antecedent : nature and determination of the antecedent, the demonstrative as antecedent; 3) structure of the relative clause: place of the relative clause, particles, pronouns of resumption, structure of indefinite relative clauses; 4) kinds of relative clauses: descriptive and restrictive clauses; circumstantial relative clauses; 5) complex relative clauses : coordinate relative clauses, subordinate relative clauses , clauses subordinated to relative clauses; 6) the use of tenses and modes. A comparison with northern kurdish or kurman dji is sketched out in the conclusions

Taghvaipour, Mehran A. "Persian relative clauses in head-driven phrase structure grammar." Thesis, University of Essex, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.418361.

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Hennequin, Laurent. "Les relations syntaxiques dans la phrase en thai͏̈." Paris, INALCO, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INAL0001.

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Ce travail dresse un tableau général des relations syntaxiques dans la phrase du thai standard contemporain en utilisant les méthodes définies par l'école saussurienne de linguistique. Après une revue des analyses existantes sur le sujet (Chapitre I), sont examinés les concepts utilisés pour la description, ainsi que les problèmes posés par l'applicaton de ces concepts à une langue telle que le thai (Chapitre II). Une attention particulière est prêtée à l'importance de l'ordre des mots dans cette langue et au traitement de 'unité significative, en examinant la question de son invariabilité et de sa polyvalence en termes d'emplois syntaxiques La structure syntaxique de la phrase en thai͏̈ est ensuite décrite en analysant comment elle se décompose en prédicat, actants, circonstants, dépendances de ces éléments et marqueurs de relation, de pair avec les procédés mis en oeuvre pour établir la hiérarchie syntaxique (Chapitre III). Le chapitre suivant (Chapitre IV) dresse un tableau général des compatibilités que les éléments peuvent entretenir au sein de la phrase en fonction de la hiérarchie qui y est établie et fait l'inventaire des paradigmes définis par ces jeux de compatibilités. Sont également décrits certains des phénomènes connexes qui caractérisent le comportement des unités dans leurs emplois pour signaler certains points originaux au thai͏̈. Le dernier chapitre (Chapitre V) examine les tendances qui président à la répartition des unités dans les divers paradigmes identifiés. La conclusion enfin esquisse l'examen des rapports de corrélation entre les différentes composantes du système syntaxique dégagées de l'observation de même qu'entre ces composantes et l'ensemble du système de la langue, pour tenter de cerner l'originalité du thai dans son organisation propre
This study gives a comprehensive description of syntactic relations in the sentences of contemporary standard Thai by using the methods affiliated to the Saussurian school of linguistics. After a review of the literature on the subject (Chapter I), the study proceeds in examining the working concepts used for the description, as well as the problems which occur when adapting them to a language such as Thai (Chapter II). Particular attention is paid to the importance of word order in this language and to the treatment which is given to the signifying units by examining the problems of their invariability and of their liability to asume various syntactic functions. This is followed by a description of the syntactic structure of Thai sentences with an analysis of their components, namely a predicate, participants, adjunct phrases, dependencies of the former elements, and relators, together with the devices used to establish the hierarchic structure of the sentence (Chapter III). The following chapter makes the inventory of the various syntactic relations the elements can contract between each other within a sentence depending on its hierarchy and the inventory of the paradigms instituted by the possible relations. Some other facts are observed concerning the behaviour of signifying units in order to indicate some features original to Thai. The last chapter (Chapter V) examines, in terms of tendencies, how the units are allocated to the various paradigms thus identified. Finally, the conclusion examines the correlations between the components of the syntactic system as identified and between these components and the rest of the system as a whole so as to present an insight into the outline of the systemic organisation of Thai in its originality

Bouanane, Ahmed. "Analyse syntactico-sémantique de la phrase relative en arabe littéraire écrit." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H036.

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Dans cette thèse, nous avons analysé certaines questions syntaxiques et sémantiques portant sur la formation de la phrase relative en arabe écrit et ce qu'elle a comme particularités apparentes par rapport à la relative de l'arabe marocain d'une part et celles des autres langues. Nous avons présenté, dans un premier temps, la structure formelle de la relative en montrant ses similitudes formelles avec les phrases concessives et les interrogatives indirectes. Ensuite, nous avons identifié les différents types de relatives: avec et sans antécédent et la particularité de quelques schémas
In this thesis, we have emphasized on some syntactic and semantic questions related to the way how relative sentences could be constructed in written arabic, and its specific characteristics as compared to on the one hand, the morrocan arabic and on the other hand, other languages belonging to different language families. Firstly, we have analysed the formal structure of relative sentences by emphasizing on their formal similarities with concessive and indirect interrogative sentences. Secondly, we have identified tow types of relative sentences: those which are with and without antecedent

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Книги з теми "Phrases relatives":

Lair, Mathias. Les bras m'en tombent!: Anthologie des expressions populaires relatives au corps. Paris: Acropole, 1990.

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Viktor, Elšik, Matras Yaron 1963-, and International Conference on Romani Linguistics (4th : University of Manchester : 1998), eds. Grammatical relations in Romani: The noun phrase. Amsterdam: J. Benjamins, 2000.

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Kroeger, Paul. Phrase structure and grammatical relations in Tagalog. Stanford, CA: Published for the Stanford Linguistics Association by the Center for the Study of Language and Information, 1993.

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Barriatos, Nicolas B. Glossary of Philippine industrial relations terms and phrases: A compilation. Quezon City, Philippines: Central Professional Books, 2003.

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Barriatos, Nicolas B. Glossary of Philippine industrial relations terms and phrases: A compilation. 2nd ed. Quezon City, Philippines: Central Book Supply, 2006.

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Bacal, Robert. Perfect phrases for customer service: Hundreds of ready-to-use phrases for handling any customer service situation. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011.

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Benjamin, Susan. Perfect phrases for dealing with difficult people. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2007.

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Evenson, Renee. Powerful phrases for effective customer service: Over 700 ready-to-use phrases and scripts that really get results. New York: American Management Association, 2012.

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Rajkovic, Ana Malinow. Manual for (relatively) painless medical Spanish: A self-teaching course. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1992.

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1968-, Pfalzgraf Falco, and Rash Felicity J. 1954-, eds. Anglo-German linguistic relations. Bern: Peter Lang, 2008.

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Ring, Hiram. "Chapter 7. Gender, classifiers, and diachrony in Khasian." In Nominal Classification in Asia and Oceania, 200–225. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.362.07rin.

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The Khasian family is striking in exhibiting both grammatical gender and numeral classifier systems, as well as the additional feature of grammatical plural marking within numeral classifier phrases (Rabel 1961; Nagaraja 1985; Ring 2015). Located in the Northeast Indian state of Meghalaya in an area well known as a contact zone for cultures and language groups (Chelliah & Lester 2016), this group of lects belongs to the Austroasiatic phylum, but remains separated from their closest relatives by Indo-Aryan and Tibeto-Burman languages. As gender marking in particular is unusual for Austroasiatic languages, it is currently an open question how this system arose. This paper provides a description of the gender and classifier systems in Khasian varieties as well as an initial hypothesis for how gender developed, based on an ongoing research project among the Khasian group.

Mus, Nikolett. "Syntax of multiple questions in Tundra Nenets." In Siberica et Uralica, 127–38. Szeged: University of Szeged, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/sua.2022.56.127-138.

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The paper discusses the relative order and syntactic position of wh-phrases in Tundra Nenets multiple wh-questions. Contrary to previous proposals, it will be argued that the wh-phrases in multiple wh-questions are rigidly ordered and their order is constrained by the Specificity Filter. Evidence on the application of the Specificity Filter comes from the ungrammaticality of certain relative orders, i.e. *how-any wh-phrase, and the answers that are given to the multiple wh-questions, i.e. the answer does not specify values for the first wh-phrase but it pairs X and Y in both cases. Thus, the first wh-phrase in the construction is interpreted as a distributive universal quantifier. This is supported by the fact that the first wh-phrase can trigger object agreement on verbs (that is otherwise not possible in the case of wh-objects). Additionally, the wh-sequence can be preceded by elements that normally cause Intervention effects in single wh-questions, but a focussed expression cannot precede them. So in Tundra Nenets multiple wh-questions at least the first wh-phrase undergoes movement and it supposedly appears in the topic position.

Punuru, Janardhana, and Jianhua Chen. "Discovering Semantic Relations Using Prepositional Phrases." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 149–54. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34624-8_18.

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Heim, Irene. "Functional readings without type-shifted noun phrases." In Reconstruction Effects in Relative Clauses, edited by Manfred Krifka and Mathias Schenner, 283–302. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783050095158-009.

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Cook, Vivian. "Relative Clauses: Beyond Phrase Structure Syntax." In Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition, 138–55. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-22853-9_7.

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Szczegielniak, Adam. "Degree phrase raising in relative clauses*." In Linguistik Aktuell/Linguistics Today, 255–74. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/la.197.09szc.

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Karlsson, Stefan, and Pierre Nugues. "Automatic Learning of Discourse Relations in Swedish Using Cue Phrases." In Advances in Natural Language Processing, 179–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14770-8_21.

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Vieira, Renata, Susanne Salmon-Alt, and Caroline Gasperin. "Coreference and Anaphoric Relations of Demonstrative Noun Phrases in Multilingual Corpus." In Anaphora Processing, 385. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/cilt.263.22vie.

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Yang, Sibei, Guanbin Li, and Yizhou Yu. "Propagating Over Phrase Relations for One-Stage Visual Grounding." In Computer Vision – ECCV 2020, 589–605. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58529-7_35.

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Baker, Mark C. "Phrase Structure As a Representation of “Primitive” Grammatical Relations." In Objects and Other Subjects, 21–51. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0991-1_2.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Phrases relatives":

Becker, Maria, Michael Staniek, Vivi Nastase, and Anette Frank. "Assessing the Difficulty of Classifying ConceptNet Relations in a Multi-Label Classification Setting." In RELATIONS - Workshop on meaning relations between phrases and sentences. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-0801.

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Khairova, Nina, Svitlana Petrasova, Orken Mamyrbayev, and Kuralay Mukhsina. "Detecting Collocations Similarity via Logical-Linguistic Model." In RELATIONS - Workshop on meaning relations between phrases and sentences. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-0802.

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Josi, Frieda, Christian Wartena, and Ulrich Heid. "Detecting Paraphrases of Standard Clause Titles in Insurance Contracts." In RELATIONS - Workshop on meaning relations between phrases and sentences. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-0803.

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Mueller, Mark-Christoph. "Semantic Matching of Documents from Heterogeneous Collections: A Simple and Transparent Method for Practical Applications." In RELATIONS - Workshop on meaning relations between phrases and sentences. Stroudsburg, PA, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/w19-0804.

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Inshakova, E. S., and V. G. Sizov. "AN EXPERIMENTAL RULE-BASED PARSER FOR RUSSIAN EMPLOYING THE NLP RESOURCES OF THE ETAP SYSTEM." In International Conference on Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies "Dialogue". Russian State University for the Humanities, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2075-7182-2020-19-387-399.

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This paper presents a rule-based dependency parser for Russian based on bottom-up approach. Its rules are partially rewritten ETAP syntagms, organized into groups that constitute a single pipeline. We demonstrate that such an organization enhances the performance of our parser relative to the ETAP system’s and enables it to successfully process long phrases (more specifically, heavy nominal and prepositional phrases at the current experimental stage of our work).

Busyga, Ivan Vadimovich, and Oleg Valentinovich Babak. "To the question of lexical and semantic characteristics of fiction text (based on material of H.P. Lovecraft’s work «The Outsider»)." In All-Russian scientific and practical conference with international participation, Chair Sofiia Novikovna Semenova. Publishing house Sreda, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-98281.

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The research is devoted to the identification of lexical and semantic relations and the establishment of similarities and differences of H.P. Lovecraft’s work «The Outsider» in English and Russian. A comprehensive analysis of the studied words and phrases was done. In the present work, the methods of comparative and statistical analysis which allowed to identify discrepancies between the English and Russian versions of words and phrases were used.

Wang, Xiaoqiong, Małgorzata Religa, and Kałużyńska Irena. "Interpretations of Chinese Wh-phrases in Relative Clauses in Perspective of Cognitive Grammar." In 2018 International Conference on Education, Economics and Social Science (ICEESS 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/iceess-18.2018.23.

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Saito, Manami, Kazuhide Yamamoto, and Satoshi Sekine. "Using phrasal patterns to identify discourse relations." In the Human Language Technology Conference of the NAACL, Companion Volume: Short Papers. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1614049.1614083.

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Li, Zhifei, and David Yarowsky. "Mining and modeling relations between formal and informal Chinese phrases from web corpora." In the Conference. Morristown, NJ, USA: Association for Computational Linguistics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3115/1613715.1613849.

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Allaymoun, Mohammad. "GRAPHICAL VISUALIZATION OF RHETORICAL STRUCTURES IN CHATS." In eLSE 2015. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-15-060.

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Chat Conversations are now used for different purposes including the " Computer -Supported Collaborative Learning " (CSCL). In their analysis it is very important to identify the discourse threads and the rhetorical structures. In this paper we present an application for graphical visualization of rhetorical structures in chats. This software tool provides structured visualization and analysis of Computer Supported Collaborative Learning chats. In our application, we first use the implemented tools that are based on the ideas of Mikhail Bakhtin's dialog theory and Stefan Trausan-Matu's polyphonic model in order to analyze the chats and identify their topics and discussion threads (repeated words). In addition we identify cue phrases that are used in order to detect rhetorical schemata. As a result we determine the rhetorical relations for each one of the identified cue phrases (Conclusion, Contrast, Extending, Sequence, Explanation, etc), so that the graphics are representing the links between the threads and the cue phrases. The resulting links are differentiated by colors for easing to detect the rhetorical relation between threads. Furthermore we visualize the links between threads with cue phrases that are important for CSCL in order to analyze the involvement of students in the chat, as well as their ability to track threads into the conversation and the extent the coherence among themselves. Additionally, we shall study graphics from the application in order to generate feedback for students. We will notice that the application analyzes various chats from the K-Teams laboratory of University of Politehnica in Bucharest.