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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Photovoltaic power systems Design and construction"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Photovoltaic power systems Design and construction"

Shi, Yaqi, and Wei Luo. "Application of Solar Photovoltaic Power Generation System in Maritime Vessels and Development of Maritime Tourism." Polish Maritime Research 25, s2 (August 1, 2018): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pomr-2018-0090.

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Abstract The use of new energy generation technologies such as solar energy and electric propulsion technologies to form integrated power propulsion technology for ships has become one of the most concerned green technologies on ships. Based on the introduction of the principles and usage patterns of solar photovoltaic systems, the application characteristics of solar photovoltaic systems and their components in ships are analyzed. The important characteristics of the marine power grid based on solar photovoltaic systems are explored and summarized, providing a basis for future system design and application. Photovoltaic solar cells are made using semiconductor effects that convert solar radiation directly into electrical energy. Several such battery devices are packaged into photovoltaic solar cell modules, and several components are combined into a certain power photovoltaic array according to actual needs, and are matched with devices such as energy storage, measurement, and control to form a photovoltaic power generation system. This article refers to the basic principle and composition of the land-use solar photovoltaic system, and analyzes the difference between the operational mode and the land use of the large-scale ocean-going ship solar photovoltaic system. Specific analysis of large-scale ocean-going ship solar photovoltaic system complete set of technical route, for the construction of marine solar photovoltaic system to provide design ideas.

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Szefer, Ilona. "Between aesthetics and functionality. Contemporary using of Photovoltaic Systems to create facades." E3S Web of Conferences 49 (2018): 00111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184900111.

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Buildings consume over 40 % [1] of the yearly demand for energy (in IEA member countries). Therefore, it is important to take this fact into account in the designing process - not only in terms of potential savings but also from the point of view of energy acquisition. That is why the external building finishing has an important influence on the energy balance as it may save thermal energy and convert sunlight directly into electricity. It is generally believed that the façade is the showcase of the building. An increasingly common concept for effective building facades, not only those newly-created but also after refurbishment, is photovoltaic panels. Regenerative energy production and architectural designing possibilities are no longer an obstacle. Due to a growing range of available cell technologies (polycrystalline, monocrystalline, high-efficiency and semitransparent), as well as designs (colors, overprints) and parameters (weight, power), their integration with building envelope is not longer an issue. Contemporary Photovoltiaics are designed and manufactured to meet the requirements of designers, builders, investors and the owners. The multifunctionality allows for energy production, as well as for shading, lighting contron and thermal insulation. Using Photovoltiaic systems eneables to create an unique facade construction as well as design.

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Pawan Kumar Tiwari, Mukesh Kumar Yadav, Rajendra Kumar, Gulhasan Ahmad,. "Design Simulation and Review of Solar PV Power Forecasting Using Computing Techniques." International Journal on Recent Technologies in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering 9, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijrmee.v9i5.370.

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The field of renewable energies provides solutions to the sustainable energy challenges of developing countries. Various renewable energy options are used to solve the power shortage in India. In recent years, power generation has increased significantly, but the market is promising for domestic organisations, distribution networks and transmission networks, and the financial situation is sluggish and influential. India has 450,000 kilowatts of hydroelectric power, has an installed wind power capacity of 230,000 kilowatts, but has almost no great potential for renewable energy. However, India is currently very high in this region, 2022 (not including large hydropower), the target is to raise the current installed capacity from 37 GW of renewable energy to 1.75 million kilowatts. Solar energy is a key part of the government’s extension policy. The demonstration of solar PV Systems is highly advantageous for geography and structure. For efficient structure, we need effective design and forecasting tools. PV system is a popular tool to optimise and schedule the design and construction of independent photovoltaic solar systems connected to the grid. The objective of this research is to introduce the equivalent design model of the photo voltaic solar power plant and to analyses the impact of power forecasting on performance assessment of solar photo voltaic system. Mathematical model of solar photovoltaic system has been implemented using and performance is analysed using PV and IV characteristics of solar photovoltaic system. Modified prediction technique was implemented for optimum forecasting in the specified scenario of complex operating condition.

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Pawan Kumar Tiwari, Mukesh Kumar Yadav, Rajendra Kumar, Gulhasan Ahmad,. "Design Simulation and Review of Solar PV Power Forecasting Using Computing Techniques." International Journal on Recent Technologies in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering 9, no. 3 (September 23, 2022): 18–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/ijrmee.v9i3.370.

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Shin, Hyunkyung, and Zong Geem. "Optimal Design of a Residential Photovoltaic Renewable System in South Korea." Applied Sciences 9, no. 6 (March 18, 2019): 1138. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9061138.

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An optimal design model for residential photovoltaic (PV) systems in South Korea was proposed. In the optimization formulation, the objective function is composed of three costs, including the monthly electricity bill, the PV system construction cost (including the government’s subsidy), and the PV system maintenance cost. Here, because the monthly electricity bill is not differentiable (it is a stepped piecewise linear function), it cannot be solved by using traditional gradient-based approaches. For details considering the residential electric consumption in a typical Korean household, consumption was broken down into four types (year-round electric appliances, seasonal electric appliances, lighting appliances, and stand-by power). For details considering the degree of PV generation, a monthly generation dataset with different PV tilt angles was analyzed. The optimal design model was able to obtain a global design solution (PV tilt angle and PV size) without being trapped in local optima. We hope that this kind of practical approach will be more frequently applied to real-world designs in residential PV systems in South Korea and other countries.

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Elomari, Youssef, Masoud Norouzi, Marc Marín-Genescà, Alberto Fernández, and Dieter Boer. "Integration of Solar Photovoltaic Systems into Power Networks: A Scientific Evolution Analysis." Sustainability 14, no. 15 (July 28, 2022): 9249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159249.

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Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems have drawn significant attention over the last decade. One of the most critical obstacles that must be overcome is distributed energy generation. This paper presents a comprehensive quantitative bibliometric study to identify the new trends and call attention to the evolution within the research landscape concerning the integration of solar PV in power networks. The research is based on 7146 documents that were authored between 2000–2021 and downloaded from the Web of Science database. Using an in-house bibliometric tool, Bibliometrix R-package, and the open-source tool VOSviewer we obtained bibliometric indicators, mapped the network analysis, and performed a multivariate statistical analysis. The works that were based on solar photovoltaics into power networks presented rapid growth, especially in India. The co-occurrence analysis showed that the five main clusters, classified according to dimensions and significance, are (i) power quality issues that are caused by the solar photovoltaic penetration in power networks; (ii) algorithms for energy storage, demand response, and energy management in the smart grid; (iii) optimization, techno-economic analysis, sensitivity analysis, and energy cost analysis for an optimal hybrid power system; (iv) renewable energy integration, self-consumption, energy efficiency, and sustainable development; and (v) modeling, simulation, and control of battery energy storage systems. The results revealed that researchers pay close attention to “renewable energy”, “microgrid”, “energy storage”, “optimization”, and “smart grid”, as the top five keywords in the past four years. The results also suggested that (i) power quality; (ii) voltage and frequency fluctuation problems; (iii) optimal design and energy management; and (iv) technical-economic analysis, are the most recent investigative foci that might be appraised as having the most budding research prospects.

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Chow, T. T., G. N. Tiwari, and C. Menezo. "Hybrid Solar: A Review on Photovoltaic and Thermal Power Integration." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/307287.

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The market of solar thermal and photovoltaic electricity generation is growing rapidly. New ideas on hybrid solar technology evolve for a wide range of applications, such as in buildings, processing plants, and agriculture. In the building sector in particular, the limited building space for the accommodation of solar devices has driven a demand on the use of hybrid solar technology for the multigeneration of active power and/or passive solar devices. The importance is escalating with the worldwide trend on the development of low-carbon/zero-energy buildings. Hybrid photovoltaic/thermal (PVT) collector systems had been studied theoretically, numerically, and experimentally in depth in the past decades. Together with alternative means, a range of innovative products and systems has been put forward. The final success of the integrative technologies relies on the coexistence of robust product design/construction and reliable system operation/maintenance in the long run to satisfy the user needs. This paper gives a broad review on the published academic works, with an emphasis placed on the research and development activities in the last decade.

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Ngo, Minh Nhut, Philippe Ladoux, Jérémy Martin, and Sébastien Sanchez. "Silicium-Carbide-Based Isolated DC/DC Converter for Medium-Voltage Photovoltaic Power Plants." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 29, 2022): 1038. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15031038.

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The production of large-scale photovoltaics (PVs) is becoming increasingly popular in the field of power generation; they require the construction of power plants of several hundred megawatts. Nevertheless, the construction of these PV power plants with conventional low-voltage (LV) conversion systems is not an appropriate technological path. Particularly, large cross-section cables, a high quantity of semiconductors, and the bulky layout of 50/60-Hz step-up transformers make the PV system less competitive in terms of energy efficiency and cost. To overcome these drawbacks, this paper introduces new PV plant topologies with an intermediate medium-voltage direct current (MVDC) collector that requires galvanic isolation for connecting the PV arrays. Then, the design of a power electronic transformer (PET) is proposed, implementing 1.7-kV and 3.3-kV silicium carbide (SiC) power modules. The study confirms that this converter allows the use of medium-frequency (MF) transformers with high power densities while maintaining high efficiency, which facilitates the implementation of isolated medium-voltage (MV) topologies for utility-scale PV power plants.

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Ramanan, P., K. Kalidasa Murugavel, A. Karthick, and K. Sudhakar. "Performance evaluation of building-integrated photovoltaic systems for residential buildings in southern India." Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 41, no. 4 (October 15, 2019): 492–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0143624419881740.

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The integration of photovoltaic modules into the building structure is a challenging task with respect to power generation of PV module and the effect of incident solar radiation. The performance of building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) modules varies depending upon the orientation and azimuth angle of the building. In this work, the year-round performance and economic feasibility analysis of grid-connected building-integrated photovoltaic (GBIPV) modules is reported for the hot and humid climatic regional condition at Kovilpatti (9°10′0′′N, 77°52′0′′E), Tamil Nadu, India. The appropriate mounting structures are provided, to experimentally simulate the performance of GBIPV modules at various orientations and inclination angles (0° to 90°). The result indicated that the optimum orientation for installation of BIPV modules in the façade and walls is found to be east while that for a pitched roof south orientation is recommended. The overall average annual performance ratio, capacity utilisation factor, array capture loss and system losses are found to be 0.83, 23%, 0.07 (h/day), and 0.17 (h/day), respectively. In addition, the economic feasibility of grid connected PV system for residential buildings in Tamil Nadu, India is analysed using HOMER by incorporating both a net metering process and electricity tariff. Practical application: Grid-connected building-integrated photovoltaic system has many benefits and barriers by being installed and integrated into the building structure. The application of GBIPV in building structures and its orientation of installation needs to be optimised before installing into buildings. This study will assist architects and wider community to design buildings facades and roofs with GBIPV system which are more aesthetic and account for noise protection and thermal insulation in the region of equatorial climate zones. By adding as shading devices, they can reduce the need for artificial lighting, and moderate heating or cooling load of the buildings.

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Esmaeili Shayan, Mostafa, Gholamhassan Najafi, Barat Ghobadian, Shiva Gorjian, and Mohamed Mazlan. "Sustainable Design of a Near-Zero-Emissions Building Assisted by a Smart Hybrid Renewable Microgrid." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 11, no. 2 (February 15, 2022): 471–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.2022.43838.

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Renewable energy regulations place a premium on both the use of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency improvements. One of the growing milestones in building construction is the invention of green cottages. Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) technologies have been proved to aid buildings that partially meet their energy demand as sustainable solar energy generating technologies throughout the previous decade. Curved facades provide a challenge for typical photovoltaics. This study designed, produced, and assessed elastic solar panels supported by flexible photovoltaic systems (FPVS) on a 1 m2 layer. The LabVIEW program recognizes and transmits online data on warm and dry climates. The fill factor was 88% and 84%, respectively, when installed on the silo and biogas surfaces. The annual energy output was 810 kWh on a flat surface, 960 kWh on a cylindrical surface, and 1000 kWh on a hemisphere surface. Economic analysis indicates that the NPV at Flat surface is $ 697.52, with an IRR of 34.81% and an 8.5-year capital return period. Cylindrical surfaces and hemispheres both get a $ 955.18 increase. For cylindrical and hemispheric buildings, the investment yield was 39.29% and 40.47%, respectively. A 20% increase in fixed investment boosted the IRR by 21.3% in the flat system. While the cylindrical system had a 25.59% raise, the hemisphere saw a 24.58% gain

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Дисертації з теми "Photovoltaic power systems Design and construction"

Liu, Guang. "A photovoltaic-powered pumping system." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/30592.

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This thesis studies the optimal design for a photovoltaic-powered medium-head (30 meters) water pumping system, with the emphasis on improving the efficiency and reducing the maintenance requirements of the electrical subsystem. The reduction of maintenance requirements is realized by replacing the conventional brush-type permanent magnet dc motor with a brushless dc (BLDC) motor. Different BLDC motor control techniques such as position-sensorless operation, sinusoidal and trapezoidal excitations are investigated. The improvement in efficiency is achieved by maximizing the output power from the photovoltaic array and by minimizing the losses in various parts of the electrical sub-system. A microprocessor-based double-loop maximum power tracking scheme is developed for maximization of the photovoltaic array output power. Over 99% utilization factor is achieved for a typical clear day regardless of the season of the year. The system losses are minimized mainly by performing loss analysis and selecting most suitable switching topologies and switching components. Experimental results show that the combined converter-motor efficiency is comparable to those of high-efficiency brush-type dc motor systems.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Electrical and Computer Engineering, Department of
Graduate

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Gurganus, Heath Alan. "Battery Energy Storage Systems to Mitigate the Variability of Photovoltaic Power Generation." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1495.

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Methods of generating renewable energy such as through solar photovoltaic (PV) cells and wind turbines offer great promise in terms of a reduced carbon footprint and overall impact on the environment. However, these methods also share the attribute of being highly stochastic, meaning they are variable in such a way that is difficult to forecast with sufficient accuracy. While solar power currently constitutes a small amount of generating potential in most regions, the cost of photovoltaics continues to decline and a trend has emerged to build larger PV plants than was once feasible. This has brought the matter of increased variability to the forefront of research in the industry. Energy storage has been proposed as a means of mitigating this increased variability -- and thus reducing the need to utilize traditional spinning reserves -- as well as offering auxiliary grid services such as peak-shifting and frequency control. This thesis addresses the feasibility of using electrochemical storage methods (i.e. batteries) to decrease the ramp rates of PV power plants. By building a simulation of a grid-connected PV array and a typical Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) in the NetLogo simulation environment, I have created a parameterized tool that can be tailored to describe almost any potential PV setup. This thesis describes the design and function of this model, and makes a case for the accuracy of its measurements by comparing its simulated output to that of well-documented real world sites. Finally, a set of recommendations for the design and operational parameters of such a system are then put forth based on the results of several experiments performed using this model.

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Ogaili, Hamid Hawi Kadham. "Measuring the Effect of Vegetated Roofs on the Performance of Photovoltaic Panels in Combined Systems." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2299.

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Recent studies suggest that integration of photovoltaic panels with green roofs may improve the performance of both. While vegetation may provide a benefit by reducing the net radiation load on the underside of the photovoltaic (PV) panels, it may also affect convective cooling of panels, and consequently, panel efficiency. Both effects likely diminish with the height of the PV panel above the roof, although placing PV panels too close to the vegetation increases the risk of the plants growing over the edges of, and shading the PV panel. There is a gap in the literature with respect to evaluating these competing effects. The present study aims to fill this gap. Experiments were conducted over a two-month period during summer using two identical PV panels within an array of rooftop-mounted panels. These experiments were performed at two heights (18 cm and 24 cm) using three roofing types: white, black and green (vegetated). Results showed that the mean power output of the system in which the PV panel was mounted above a green roof was 1.2% and 0.8% higher than that of the PV-black roof and the PV-white roof at the 18 cm height. At the 24 cm height, the benefit of the green roof was slightly diminished with power output for the PV panel above a green roof being 1.0% and 0.7% higher than the black and white roof experiments, respectively. These power output results were consistent with measured variations in mean panel surface temperatures; the green roof systems were generally cooler by 1.5˚C to 3˚C. The panel surface mean heat transfer coefficients for the PV-green roof were generally 10 to 23% higher than for the white and black roof configurations, suggesting a mixing benefit associated with the roughness of the plant canopy. As expected, the results indicate that the best PV panel performance is obtained by locating the PV panel above a green roof. However, the relative benefits of the roof energy balance diminish with distance between the PV panel and the roof. Moreover, the results of this study showed that the mean power output of the PV panel above the white roof was 0.7% and 0.44% higher than that of the PV panel above the black roof at 18 cm and 24 cm heights, respectively. The results of the power output differences in all the experiments were statistically significant at the 95% confidence interval (P < 0.01).

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Ropp, Michael Eugene. "Design issues for grid-connected photovoltaic systems." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/13456.

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Carr, Anna J. "A detailed performance comparison of PV modules of different technologies and the implications for PV system design methods /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2005. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20050830.94641.

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Williams, Nathaniel John. "On the design and monitoring of photovoltaic systems for rural homes." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1308.

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It is estimated that 1.6 billion people today live without access to electricity. Most of these people live in remote rural areas in developing countries. One economic solution to this problem is the deployment of small domestic photovoltaic (PV) systems called solar home systems (SHS). In order to improve the performance and reduce the life cycle cost of these systems, accurate monitoring data of real SHSs is required. To this end, two SHSs typical of those found in the field were designed and installed, one in a rural area of the Eastern Cape of South Africa and the other in the laboratory. Monitoring systems were designed to record energy ows in the system and important environmental parameters. A novel technique was developed to correct for measurement errors occurring during the utilization of pulse width modulation charge control techniques. These errors were found to be as large as 47.6 percent. Simulations show that correction techniques produce measurement errors that are up to 20 times smaller than uncorrected values, depending upon the operating conditions. As a tool to aid in the analysis of monitoring data, a PV performance model was developed. The model, used to predict the maximum power point (MPP) power of a PV array, was able to predict MPP energy production to within 0.2 percent over the course of three days. Monitoring data from the laboratory system shows that the largest sources of energy loss are charge control, module under performance relative to manufacturer specifications and operation of the PV array away from MPP. These accounted for losses of approximately 18-27 percent, 15 percent and 8-11 percent of rated PV energy under standard test conditions, respectively. Energy consumed by loads on the systems was less than 50 percent of rated PV energy for both the remote and laboratory systems. Performance ratios (PR) for the laboratory system ranged from 0.38 to 0.49 for the three monitoring periods. The remote system produced a PR of 0.46. In both systems the PV arrays appear to have been oversized. This was due to overestimation of the energy requirements of the loads on the systems. In the laboratory system, the loads consisting of three compact fluorescent lamps and one incandescent lamp, were used to simulate a typical SHS load pro le and collectively consumed only 85 percent of their rated power. The 8 predicted load profile for the remote system proved to be signi cantly overestimated. The results of the monitoring project demonstrate the importance of acquiring an accurate estimation of the energy demand from loads on the system. Overestimations result in over-sized arrays and energy lost to charge control while under-sized systems risk damaging system batteries and load shedding. Significant under-performance of the PV module used in the laboratory system, underlines the importance of measuring module IV curves and verifying manufacturer specifications before system deployment. It was also found that signi cant PV array performance gains could be obtained by the use of maximum power point tracking charge controllers. Increased PV array performance leads to smaller arrays and reduced system cost.

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Koran, Ahmed Mohammed. "Photovoltaic Source Simulators for Solar Power Conditioning Systems: Design Optimization, Modeling, and Control." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/23681.

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This dissertation presents various systematic design techniques for photovoltaic (PV) source simulators to serve as a convenient tool for the dynamic performance evaluation of solar power conditioning systems and their maximum power point tracking algorithms. A well-designed PV source simulator should accurately emulate the static and the dynamic characteristic of actual PV generator. Four major design features should be adopted in any PV source simulator: (i) high power-stage efficiency, (ii) fast transient response-time, (iii) output impedance matching with actual PV generator, and (iv) precise reference generation technique. Throughout this research, two different PV source simulator systems are designed, modeled, and experimentally verified. The design of the first system focuses mainly on creating new reference generation techniques where the PV equivalent circuit is used to precisely generate the current-voltage reference curves. A novel technique is proposed and implemented with analog components to simplify the reference signal generator and to avoid computation time delays in digital controllers. A two-stage LC output filter is implemented with the switching power-stage to push the resonant frequency higher and thus allowing a higher control-loop bandwidth design while keeping the same switching ripple attenuation as in the conventional one-stage LC output filter. With typical control techniques, the output impedance of the proposed simulator did not
match the closed-loop output impedance of actual PV generator due to the double resonant peaks of the two-stage LC output filter. Design procedures for both control and power-stage circuits are explained. Experimental results verify the steady-state and transient performance of the proposed PV source simulator at around 2.7 kW output.
The design concept of the first simulator system is enhanced with a new type of PV source simulator that incorporates the advantages of both analog and digital based simulators. This simulator is characterized with high power-stage efficiency and fast transient response-time. The proposed system includes a novel three-phase ac-dc dual boost rectifier cascaded with a three-phase dc-dc interleaved buck converter. The selected power-stage topology is highly reliable and efficient. Moreover, the multi-phase dc-dc converter helps improve system transient response-time though producing low output ripple, which makes it adequate for PV source simulators.
The simulator circuitry emulates precisely the static and the dynamic characteristic of actual PV generator under different environmental conditions including different irradiance and temperature levels. Additionally, the system allows for the creation of the partial shading effect on PV characteristic. This dissertation investigates the dynamic performance of commercial and non-commercial solar power conditioning systems using the proposed simulator in steady-state and transient conditions. Closed-loop output impedance of the proposed simulator is verified at different operating conditions. The impedance profile --magnitude and phase- matches the output impedance of actual PV generator closely. Mathematical modeling and experimental validation of the proposed system is thoroughly presented based on a 2.0 kW hardware prototype. The proposed simulator efficiency including the active-front-end rectifier and the converter stages at the maximum power point is 96.4%.
Ph. D.

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Levy, Michael Yehuda. "Design, experiment, and analysis of a photovoltaic absorbing medium with intermediate levels." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24703.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Honsberg, Christiana; Committee Co-Chair: Citrin, David; Committee Member: Doolittle, Alan; Committee Member: First, Phillip; Committee Member: Ralph, Stephen; Committee Member: Rohatgi, Ajeet

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Hiranvarodom, Somchai. "Design and analytical evaluation of stand-alone photovoltaic power systems for rural areas in Thailand." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340072.

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Mahdavi, Sareh. "RF power amplifiers and MEMS varactors." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=112576.

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This thesis is concerned with the design and implementation of radio frequency (RF) power amplifiers and micro-electromechanical systems---namely MEMS varactors. This is driven by the many wireless communication systems which are constantly moving towards increased integration, better signal quality, and longer battery life.
The power amplifier consumes most of the power in a receiver/transmitter system (transceiver), and its output signal is directly transmitted by the antenna without further modification. Thus, optimizing the PA for low power consumption, increased linearity, and compact integration is highly desirable.
Micro-electromechanical systems enable new levels of performance in radio-frequency integrated circuits, which are not readily available via conventional IC technologies. They are good candidates to replace lossy, low Q-factor off-chip components, which have traditionally been used to implement matching networks or output resonator tanks in class AB, class F, or class E power amplifiers. The MEMS technologies also make possible the use of new architectures, with the possibility of flexible re-configurability and tunability for multi-band and/or multi-standard applications.
The major effort of this thesis is focused on the design and fabrication of an RF frequency class AB power amplifier in the SiGe BiCMOS 5HP technology, with the capability of being tuned with external MEMS varactors. The latter necessitated the exploration of wide-tuning range MEMS variable capacitors, with prototypes designed and fabricated in the Metal-MUMPS process.
An attempt is made to integrate the power amplifier chip and the MEMS die in the same package to provide active tuning of the power amplifier matching network, in order to keep the efficiency of the PA constant for different input power levels and load conditions.
Detailed simulation and measurement results for all circuits and MEMS devices are reported and discussed.

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Книги з теми "Photovoltaic power systems Design and construction"

Photovoltaics: System design and practice. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2012.

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Mayfield, Ryan. Photovoltaic design & installation for dummies. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 2010.

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Young, William. Evaluation of roof-integrated PV module designs and systems: Final report. Golden, Colo: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 1992.

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Installations solaires photovoltaïques: Dimensionnement, installation et mise en oeuvre, maintenance. Paris: Moniteur, 2011.

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Build your own solar panel: Generate electricity from the sun. Wheelock, VT: Wheelock Mountain Publications, 2006.

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Build your own solar panel. Wheelock, VT: Wheelock Mountain Publications, 2000.

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Peter, Toggweiler, ed. Photovoltaik und architektur: Die Integration von Solarzellen in Gebäudehüllen = Photovoltaics in architecture : the integration of photovoltaic cells in building envelopes. Basel: Birkhäuser, 1993.

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Consulting, John Wennstrom. Solar photovoltaic feasibility study for the Idaho State Capitol. [Boise, Idaho]: Idaho Dept. of Water Resources, Energy Division, 2004.

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S, Siebentritt, and Rau U, eds. Wide-gap chalcopyrites. Berlin: Springer, 2006.

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Fowler, Paul Jeffrey. The evolution of an independent home: The story of a solar electric pioneer. Worthington, MA: Fowler Enterprises, 1995.

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Частини книг з теми "Photovoltaic power systems Design and construction"

Elbaset, Adel A., and Salah Ata. "Design and Sizing of Photovoltaic Power Systems." In Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems for Remote Telecommunication Stations, 61–113. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66344-5_5.

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A. Elbaset, Adel, and M. S. Hassan. "Introduction and Background of PV Systems." In Design and Power Quality Improvement of Photovoltaic Power System, 1–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47464-9_1.

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Aristizábal Cardona, Andrés Julián, Carlos Arturo Páez Chica, and Daniel Hernán Ospina Barragán. "BIPVS Basics for Design, Sizing, Monitoring, and Power Quality Measurement and Assessment." In Building-Integrated Photovoltaic Systems (BIPVS), 17–33. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71931-3_3.

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Manninen, L. M., and P. D. Lund. "Design Tool Photo for Sizing of Hybrid Power Systems: Program Verification." In Tenth E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 716–19. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3622-8_184.

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Ma, Ping, Weiping Shao, Lei Zhang, Fengming Zhang, Rui Liu, Jun Zou, and Jiyuan Sun. "High Level Design of Power Wireless Private Network Construction." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 638–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34387-3_78.

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Liu, Yongpan, Huazhong Yang, Yiqun Wang, Cong Wang, Xiao Sheng, Shuangchen Li, Daming Zhang, and Yinan Sun. "Power System Design and Task Scheduling for Photovoltaic Energy Harvesting Based Nonvolatile Sensor Nodes." In Smart Sensors and Systems, 243–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14711-6_11.

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Eltamaly, Ali M., Mohamed A. Mohamed, and Ahmed G. Abo-Khalil. "Design and Comprehensive Analysis of Maximum Power Point Tracking Techniques in Photovoltaic Systems." In Advanced Technologies for Solar Photovoltaics Energy Systems, 253–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64565-6_9.

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Kupecki, Jakub, and Konrad Motyliński. "Modeling of SOFC-Based Power Systems." In Modeling, Design, Construction, and Operation of Power Generators with Solid Oxide Fuel Cells, 143–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75602-8_5.

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Vega-Pérez, J., S. Vega-Pérez, and L. Castañeda-Aviña. "Design of Electronic Control Board to Obtain the Photovoltaic Module Power Voltage Curve as Temperature Function." In Multibody Mechatronic Systems, 241–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-09858-6_23.

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Letting, Lawrence K., Josiah L. Munda, and Yskandar Hamam. "Optimization of Fuzzy Logic Controller Design for Maximum Power Point Tracking in Photovoltaic Systems." In Soft Computing in Green and Renewable Energy Systems, 233–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22176-7_9.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Photovoltaic power systems Design and construction"

Hussein Mohammed Al-Taesh, Najmaldin. "Using Photovoltaic Systems in Famagusta Residential Buildings as Electric Power." In 3rd International Conference of Contemporary Affairs in Architecture and Urbanism – Full book proceedings of ICCAUA2020, 6-8 May 2020. Alanya Hamdullah Emin Paşa University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.38027/n352020iccaua3163632.

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Solar energy is an influential sort of renewable energy which is also richly available in North Cyprus. Contrariwise, there are no natural oil resources in Cyprus; over 90% of the country's main energy is imported to the island which needs high financial government credit [1]. Indeed, high CO2 emissions and their side effects on the global environment as well as destruction role on the ozone layer are among major problems of using non-renewable energy. Considering the geographic location of North Cyprus, it has over 300 sunny days out of 365 days of a year; therefore, there is a considerable potential to integrate solar tracking systems into various parts of industrials or residential portions in the country. In a time when using more renewable sources of energy is important to decline obvious environmental problems, it seems to be beneficial to use photovoltaic systems such as "Building Integrated Photovoltaic". As housing consumes over 40 percent of the produced energy, local sustainable properties deal with enhancing the quality of dwellers life. Based on what has been discussed, the objective of this study is to achieve a high degree of efficient local energy through BIPV so to supply a proportion of buildings' heating and electricity power consumptions. The main concern is considering cultural patterns and local climate aspects in the design process so to reach to a suitable energy solution in each individual case. Accordingly, some criteria which directly affect the produced power ability of photovoltaic systems would be discussed, in particular, determining the direction, the slope of photovoltaic panels, shading, its integration with active solar systems, and buildings' form and facades. Additionally, as the case study, Coloured Building would be presented to show that how those mentioned solutions can integrate to the building in order to refine its energy consumption. Consequently, architects and designers, looking for buildings' self-efficiency and sustainability, should know how to incorporate photovoltaic systems to the building and to consider which criteria in this case. Indeed, the corporation between architects and other engineers who work on a common project is the key role in developing a construction toward a sustainable environment.

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Craig, Andrew, Xiaokuan Li, Patrick Sesker, Alex Mcinerny, Thomas DeAgostino, and Christopher Depcik. "Small-Scale Smart Electrical Grid Design, Construction, and Analysis." In ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2016-65219.

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As society moves into the digital age, the expectation of instantaneous electricity at the flip of a switch is more prominent than ever. The traditional electric grid has become outdated and Smart Grids are being developed to deliver reliable and efficient energy to consumers. However, the costs involved with implementing their infrastructure often limits research to theoretical models. As a result, an undergraduate capstone design team constructed a small-scale 12 VDC version to be used in conjunction with classroom and research activities. In this model Smart Grid, two houses act as residential consumers, an industrial building serves as a high-load demand device, and a lead-acid battery connected to a 120 VAC wall outlet simulates fossil fuel power plants. A smaller lead-acid battery provides a microgrid source while a photovoltaic solar panel adds renewable energy into the mix and can charge either lead-acid battery. All components are connected to a National Instruments CompactRIO system while being controlled and monitored via a LabVIEW software program. The resulting Smart Grid can run independently based on constraints related to energy demand, cost, efficiency, and environmental impact. Results are shown demonstrating choices based on these constraints, including a corresponding weighting according to controller objectives.

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Spelling, James, and Björn Laumert. "Thermoeconomic Evaluation of Solar Thermal and Photovoltaic Hybridization Options for Combined-Cycle Power Plants." In ASME Turbo Expo 2014: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2014-25173.

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The hybridization of combined-cycle power plants with solar energy is an attractive means of reducing carbon dioxide emissions from gas-based power generation. However, the construction of the first generation of commercial hybrid power plants will present the designer with a large number of choices. To assist decision making, a thermoeconomic study has been performed for three different hybrid power plant configurations, including both solar thermal and photovoltaic hybridization options. Solar photovoltaic combined-cycle power plants were shown to be able to integrate up to 63 % solar energy on an annual basis, whereas hybrid gas-turbine combined-cycle systems provide the lowest cost of solar electricity, with costs only 2.1 % higher than a reference, unmodified combined-cycle power plant. The integrated solar combined-cycle configuration has been shown to be economically unattractive.

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Hang, Yin, Kevin Balkoski, and Phani Meduri. "Life Cycle Analysis of Linear Fresnel Solar Power Technology." In ASME 2013 Power Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2013-98147.

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Solar power generation technologies are categorized as Concentrated Solar Thermal Power (CSP) and PhotoVoltaic (PV). AREVA’s Compact Linear Fresnel Reflector (CLFR) system is a CSP power generation technology which compares favorably with other technologies in terms of its land efficiency and environmental impact. Analysis of the costs and benefits of solar technologies can inform their design and influence environmental and economic policies. This paper reports a comprehensive “cradle to grave” life cycle analysis (LCA) of AREVA’s CLFR technology. A unique element of this study is the availability of comprehensive inventory data from AREVA’s Reliance project, a 125 MWe Solar CLFR power plant under construction in India. Using actual project data showed the energy payback time was about 8.2 months and the greenhouse gas intensity was about 31 g-CO2/kWhe. Sensitivity analysis identified that the environmental performance is most sensitive to the solar intensity represented by direct normal irradiance. This study also compares AREVA’s CLFR technology with other leading solar power generation technologies. AREVA’s CLFR has the similar energy payback time and greenhouse gas intensity as other CSP technologies, and it has lower environmental impact compared to flat-plate PV systems.

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Ancona, M. A., M. Bianchi, A. De Pascale, F. Melino, A. Peretto, and L. Branchini. "Thermo-Economic Analysis of a Photovoltaic-Fuel Cell Hybrid System With Energy Storage for CHP Production in Household Sector." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-56461.

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The penetration of renewable sources, particularly wind and solar, into the grid has been increasing in recent years. As a consequence, there have been serious concerns over reliable and safety operation of power systems. One possible solution, to improve grid integrity, is to integrate energy storage devices into power system network: storing energy produced in periods of low demand to later use, ensuring full exploitation of intermittent available sources. Focusing on photovoltaic energy system, energy storage is needed with the purpose of ensuring continuous power flow to minimize or to neglect electrical grid supply. A comprehensive study on a hybrid micro-CHP system based on photovoltaic panels using hydrogen as energy storage technologies has been performed. This study examines the feasibility of replacing electricity provided by the grid with a hybrid system to meet household demand. This paper is a part of an experimental and a theoretical study which is currently under development at University of Bologna where a test facility is under construction for the experimental characterization of a small scale cogenerative power system. This paper presents the theoretical results of a hybrid system performance simulations made of a photovoltaic array an electrolyzer with a H2 tank and a Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell stack designed to satisfy typical household electrical demand. The performance of this system have been evaluated by the use of a calculation code, in-house developed by the University of Bologna. Results of the carried out parametric investigations identify photovoltaic and fuel cell systems’ optimal size in order to minimize the purchasing of electrical energy from the grid. Future activities will be the tuning of the software with the experimental results, in order to realize a code able to define the correct size of each sub-system, once the load profile of the utility is known or estimated.

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Habib, Abdulelah, Vahraz Zamani, and Jan Kleissl. "Solar Desalination System Model for Sizing of Photovoltaic Reverse Osmosis (PVRO)." In ASME 2015 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2015 9th International Conference on Energy Sustainability, the ASME 2015 13th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2015 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2015-49386.

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The focus of this paper is to optimize the solar energy utilization in the water desalination process. Due to variable nature of solar energy, new system design is needed to address this challenge. Here, reverse osmosis units, as the electrical loads, are considered as an ON/OFF units to track these solar energy variations. Reverse osmosis units are different in sizes and numbers. Various combinations of reverse osmosis units in size and capacity provide different water desalination system performances. To assess each scenario of reverse osmosis units, the total capital cost and operation and maintenance (O&M) cost are considered. The implemented optimization algorithm search all of the possible scenarios to find the best solution. This paper deploys the solar irradiance data which is provided from west coast (Red Sea) of Saudi Arabia for model construction and optimization algorithm implementation.

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Dubey, Swapnil, C. S. Soon, Sin Lih Chin, and Leon Lee. "Performance Analysis of Innovative Top Cooling Thermal Photovoltaic (TPV) Modules Under Tropics." In ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2016 Power Conference and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2016-59075.

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The main focus area of this research paper to efficiently remove the heat generated during conversion of solar energy into electricity using photovoltaic (PV) module. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency of commercial available PV module varies in the range of 8%–20% depending on the type of solar cell materials used for the module construction, e.g. crystalline silicon, thin film, CIGS, organic, etc. During the conversion process, only a small fraction of the incident solar radiation is utilize by PV cells to produce electricity and the remaining is converted into waste heat in the module which causes the PV cell temperature to increase and its efficiency to drop. This thermal energy could be extract using air or water as a heat removal fluid to utilize in heating applications. The purpose of a solar photovoltaic module is to convert solar energy into electricity. The hybrid combination of photovoltaic module and thermal collector called Photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) module. Such PVT module combines a PV, which converts electromagnetic radiation (photons) into electricity, with a solar thermal module, which captures the remaining energy and removes waste heat from the PV module. Cooling of cells either by natural or forced circulation can reduce the PV cell temperature. The simultaneous cooling of the PV cells maintains their PV efficiency at a satisfactory level and offers a better way of utilizing solar energy by generating thermal energy as well. PVT system has higher overall efficiency as compared to separate PV and thermal collector. The heat output of a PVT module can be used for space heating or production of domestic hot water. This paper presents an innovative design of top cooling Thermal Photovoltaic (T-PV) module and its performance under outdoor weather condition of Singapore. T-PV collector is designed to flow fluid over the top of PV panel through a very narrow gap between the solar lens. This process improves heat removal process from PV panel, and hence, improves the electrical output of PV panel as compared to other PVT collector available in the market. By flowing the water from top of the PV panel will also provide better thermal efficiency. A T-PV collector system with storage tank, sensors, pump, flow meters, data logger and controls, have been installed at test-site located in Ngee Ann Polytechnic, Singapore. Performance analysis of T-PV collector system has been evaluated under the tropical climatic conditions of Singapore. It was found that T-PV module could produce additional electrical power as compared to standard PV panel of same capacity by operating at lower temperature. In addition to electricity, T-PV panel also generate the hot water up to 60 deg C at an average thermal efficiency of 41% for usage in residential and commercial buildings. The average thermal energy output was 3.1 kWh/day on typical day’s basis.

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Kim, Dongsu, Heejin Cho, and Rogelio Luck. "Potential Impacts of Net-Zero Energy Buildings With Distributed Photovoltaic (PV) Power Generation on the Electrical Grid." In ASME 2018 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2018 12th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2018 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2018-7319.

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This study evaluates potential aggregate effects of net-zero energy building (NZEB) implementations on the electrical grid in simulation-based analysis. Many studies have been conducted on how effective NZEB designs can be achieved, however the potential impact of NZEBs have not been explored sufficiently. As significant penetration of NZEBs occurs, the aggregated electricity demand profile of the buildings on the electrical grid would experience dramatic changes. To estimate the impact of NZEBs on the electrical grid, a simulation-based study of an office building with a grid-tied PV power generation system is conducted. This study assumes that net-metering is available for NZEBs such that the excess on-site PV generation can be fed to the electrical grid. The impact of electrical energy storage (EES) within NZEBs on the electrical grid is also considered in this study. Finally, construction weighting factors of the office building type in U.S. climate zones are used to estimate the number of national office buildings. In order to consider the adoption of NZEBs in the future, this study examines scenarios with 20%, 50%, and 100% of the U.S. office building stock are composed of NZEBs. Results show that annual electricity consumption of simulated office buildings in U.S. climate locations includes the range of around 85 kWh/m2-year to 118 kWh/m2-year. Each simulated office building employs around 242 kWp to 387 kWp of maximum power outputs in the installation of on-site PV power systems to enable NZEB balances. On a national scale, the daily on-site PV power generation within NZEBs can cover around 50% to 110% of total daily electricity used in office buildings depending on weather conditions. The peak difference of U.S. electricity demand typically occurs when solar radiation is at its highest. The peak differences from the actual U.S. electricity demand on the representative summer day show 9.8%, 4.9%, and 2.0% at 12 p.m. for 100%, 50%, and 20% of the U.S. NZEB stocks, respectively. Using EES within NZEBs, the peak differences are reduced and shifted from noon to the beginning of the day, including 7.7%, 3.9%, and 1.5% for each percentage U.S. NZEB stock. NZEBs tend to create the significant curtailment of the U.S. electricity demand profile, typically during the middle of the winter day. The percentage differences at a peak point (12 p.m.) are 8.3%, 4.2%, and 1.7% for 100%, 50%, and 20% of the U.S. NZEB stocks, respectively. However, using EES on the representative winter day can flatten curtailed electricity demand curves by shifting the peak difference point to the beginning and the late afternoon of the day. The shifted peak differences show 7.4%, 3.7%, and 1.5% at 9 a.m. for three U.S. NZEB stock scenarios, respectively.

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Exnar, Zdislav, and Mária Pálušová. "Systems thinking during the construction of photovoltaic power plants." In System approaches’15. University of Economics, Prague, Nakladatelství Oeconomica, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18267/pr.2015.pav.2125.6.

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Boyer, Jeffrey L., Mehdi Jalayerian, Andrew Silverstein, and Mohamad T. Araji. "Systems Integration for Cost Effective Carbon Neutral Buildings: A Masdar Headquarters Case Study." In ASME 2010 4th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2010-90335.

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Essential to the development of a low carbon economy will be the advancement of building product and process to reduce the capital and whole lifecycle cost of low, zero and net-positive energy buildings to allow these structures to be realized at a greater rate. On the whole, the built environment is responsible for one of the largest fractions of global energy consumption and thus anthropomorphic climate change, a result of the greenhouse gas emissions from power generation. When one also considers the energy required to design, fabricate, transport and construct the materials necessary to bring new building stock online, keeping pace with the rapid trend towards urbanization, the importance of the built environment in the energy sustainability equation is clearly evident. Yet, while technologically feasible, the realization of carbon neutral buildings is encumbered by the perception of increased annualized costs for operation and a greater upfront investment. This paper will review the design case of the Masdar International Headquarters, the flagship building of the net-zero carbon emission Masdar city currently being developed within the Abu Dhabi Emirates. Specifically, how an integrated approach enabled by computer simulation early within the design process allowed for improvements in economy and efficiency, setting a model for future high performance buildings. The five-story, 89,040-square-meter office building will incorporate eleven sculpted glass environmental towers to promote natural ventilation and introduce daylight to the interior of the building. These towers will also serve as the structural support for one of the world’s largest building integrated photovoltaic arrays, sized to supply 103% of the building’s total annual energy requirements while protecting the building and roof garden from intense heat and solar gains. Moreover, by integration into a separate structural trellis system, clean energy can potentially be generated to offset construction requirements while dually shading workers below during the heat of the day. This, along with other key sustainability design strategies such as a solar powered central district cooling system, thermoactive foundation piling, underfloor air distribution, desiccant dehumidification, a nanotechnology enabled building envelope and smart grid enabled facilities management infrastructure will allow the Masdar Headquarters to reach carbon neutrality within a decade, allowing for the remaining century of its operation to serve as a platform for clean energy generation.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Photovoltaic power systems Design and construction"

Long, R. C. The design, construction, and monitoring of photovoltaic power system and solar thermal system on the Georgia Institute of Technology Aquatic Center. Volume 1. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/656880.

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Krarti, Moncef, and Mohammed Aldubyan. Role of Energy Efficiency in Designing Carbon-neutral Residential Communities: Case Study of Saudi Arabia. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2021-dp26.

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This study focuses on the impact of improving the energy efficiency of housing units on the design of carbon-neutral grid-connected residential communities in Saudi Arabia. Particularly, it examines the efficacy of both photovoltaic systems and wind turbines as on-site renewable power technologies in achieving carbon neutrality.

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Rusk, Todd, Ryan Siegel, Linda Larsen, Tim Lindsey, and Brian Deal. Technical and Financial Feasibility Study for Installation of Solar Panels at IDOT-owned Facilities. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-024.

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The Smart Energy Design Assistance Center assessed the administrative, technical, and economic aspects of feasibility related to the procurement and installation of photovoltaic solar systems on IDOT-owned buildings and lands. To address administrative feasibility, we explored three main ways in which IDOT could procure solar projects: power purchase agreement (PPA), direct purchase, and land lease development. Of the three methods, PPA and direct purchase are most applicable for IDOT. While solar development is not free of obstacles for IDOT, it is administratively feasible, and regulatory hurdles can be adequately met given suitable planning and implementation. To evaluate IDOT assets for solar feasibility, more than 1,000 IDOT sites were screened and narrowed using spatial analytic tools. A stakeholder feedback process was used to select five case study sites that allowed for a range of solar development types, from large utility-scale projects to small rooftop systems. To evaluate financial feasibility, discussions with developers and datapoints from the literature were used to create financial models. A large solar project request by IDOT can be expected to generate considerable attention from developers and potentially attractive PPA pricing that would generate immediate cash flow savings for IDOT. Procurement partnerships with other state agencies will create opportunities for even larger projects with better pricing. However, in the near term, it may be difficult for IDOT to identify small rooftop or other small on-site solar projects that are financially feasible. This project identified two especially promising solar sites so that IDOT can evaluate other solar site development opportunities in the future. This project also developed a web-based decision-support tool so IDOT can identify potential sites and develop preliminary indications of feasibility. We recommend that IDOT begin the process of developing at least one of their large sites to support solar electric power generation.

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