Готові списки джерел за темами / Photovoltaic power generation Cost effectiveness

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Photovoltaic power generation Cost effectiveness"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 30 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Photovoltaic power generation Cost effectiveness"

Khan, Kamil, Ahmad Kamal, Abdul Basit, Tanvir Ahmad, Haider Ali, and Anwar Ali. "Economic Load Dispatch of a Grid-Tied DC Microgrid Using the Interior Search Algorithm." Energies 12, no. 4 (February 16, 2019): 634. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12040634.

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This paper presents the effectiveness of the interior search algorithm in economic power scheduling of a grid-tied DC microgrid with renewable generation (wind and photovoltaic) and battery energy storage. The study presents the modelling and simulation of various DC/DC converters for tracking maximum power from wind and photovoltaic sources and the bidirectional power flow of battery energy storage. The DC microgrid and its controllers were modelled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink. The generating units were dispatched economically using the interior search algorithm with the objective to minimize the operating cost of the microgrid. The simulated results verify the effectiveness of the interior search algorithm as the daily cost of microgrid operation was reduced by 11.25%.

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Jia, Chun Xia, Yi Ping Guo, and Shu Long Teng. "Technical and Economic Analysis of BIPV Project in a University Campus of Beijing." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 1477–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1477.

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The campus building-integrated photovoltaic project is introduced in the paper. The installed gross power of the PV system is 470 KW, and its generation index is 173.7 KWh/m2.Compared with the traditional municipal power supply, the unit incremental cost of photovoltaic is 53.5 RMB/W and the cost effectiveness ratio is 1.75 RMB/KWh. However utilization of PV system will save fossil energy, lower pollutions and greenhouse gases obviously.

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Wang, Chen, Fu Yang, Xiuqiang Chen, Houming Song, and Zhihua Li. "Multi-object optimal configuration of energy storage-photovoltaic capacity in AC/DC active distribution network." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2260, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2260/1/012041.

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Abstract The AC/DC active distribution network is considered as an efficient way to achieve intelligent use of electricity. However, the economical configuration of distributed generation is critical for system economic operation. In the power distribution network, the economic operation mode of the photovoltaic power generation, storage battery and load are established firstly. Considering the cost of equipment installation, replacement, operation and maintenance, power purchase cost, and power sales profit, the use life of battery and security constraint, a multi-object economics evaluation function is then established. By optimizing the install capacity of distributed power generation, the operating economy of the distribution network is significantly improved. Finally, using the operating data of the partner-type intelligent power generation system in Lianyungang, the total cost of the operating state is calculated to determine the optimal capacity allocation scheme of the system, and the effectiveness of the proposed capacity allocation method is verified.

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Hsieh, Wei Lin, Chia Hung Lin, Chao Shun Chen, Cheng Ting Hsu, Chin Ying Ho, and Hui Jen Chuang. "Optimal Penetration of Photovoltaic Systems in Distribution Networks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 479-480 (December 2013): 590–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.479-480.590.

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The penetration level of a PV system is often limited due to the violation of voltage variation introduced by the large intermittent power generation. This paper discusses the use of an active power curtailment strategy to reduce PV power injection during peak solar irradiation to prevent voltage violation so that the PV penetration level of a distribution feeder can be increased to fully utilize solar energy. When using the proposed voltage control scheme for limiting PV power injection into the study distribution feeder during high solar irradiation periods, the total power generation and total energy delivered by the PV system over a 1-year period are determined according to the annual duration of solar irradiation. With the proposed voltage control to perform the partial generation rejection of PV systems, the optimal installation capacity of PV systems can be determined by maximizing the net present value of the system so that better cost effectiveness of the PV project and better utilization of solar energy can be obtained.

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Yoza, Akihiro, Kosuke Uchida, Atsushi Yona, and Tomonobu Senju. "Optimal Operation Method of Smart House by Controllable Loads based on Smart Grid Topology." International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 14, no. 5 (August 7, 2013): 411–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2012-0059.

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Abstract From the perspective of global warming suppression and depletion of energy resources, renewable energy such as wind generation (WG) and photovoltaic generation (PV) are getting attention in distribution systems. Additionally, all electrification apartment house or residence such as DC smart house have increased in recent years. However, due to fluctuating power from renewable energy sources and loads, supply–demand balancing fluctuations of power system become problematic. Therefore, “smart grid” has become very popular in the worldwide. This article presents a methodology for optimal operation of a smart grid to minimize the interconnection point power flow fluctuations. To achieve the proposed optimal operation, we use distributed controllable loads such as battery and heat pump. By minimizing the interconnection point power flow fluctuations, it is possible to reduce the maximum electric power consumption and the electric cost. This system consists of photovoltaics generator, heat pump, battery, solar collector, and load. In order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system, MATLAB is used in simulations.

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LEE, Donggil, Seongjae JEONG, Seonghun KIM, Pyungkwan KIM, and Yongsu YANG. "Analysis of Cost Effectiveness on Fishing Trip Cost by Adopting Photovoltaic Power Generation System in a Small Fishing Vessel." JOURNAL OF FISHRIES AND MARINE SCIENCES EDUCATION 29, no. 5 (October 31, 2017): 1470–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.13000/jfmse.2017.29.5.1470.

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Hsu, Cheng-Ting, Roman Korimara, and Tsun-Jen Cheng. "Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of a PVGS on the Electrical Power Supply of a Small Island." International Journal of Photoenergy 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/264802.

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This paper presents a feasibility study of a large simulated stadium-scale photovoltaic generation system (PVGS) on a small island. Both the PVGS contribution to the energy demand on the island and its financial analysis were analysed in this study. The maximum allowable PVGS installation capacity is obtained by executing load flow analysis without violating the voltage magnitude and voltage variation ratio limits. However, the estimated power generation of PVGS is applied to know its impact on the power system according to the hourly solar irradiation and temperature. After that, the cost-benefit analysis of payback years (PBY) and net present value (NPV) method is derived considering the cash flow from utilities annual fuel and loss saving, the operation and maintenance (O&M) cost, and the capital investment cost. The power network in Kiribati (PUB DNST) is selected for study in this paper. The simulation results are very valuable and can be applied to the other small islands for reducing the usage of fossil fuel and greenhouse gas emissions.

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Melo, Gustavo Costa Gomes de, Igor Cavalcante Torres, Ícaro Bezzera Queiroz de Araújo, Davi Bibiano Brito, and Erick de Andrade Barboza. "A Low-Cost IoT System for Real-Time Monitoring of Climatic Variables and Photovoltaic Generation for Smart Grid Application." Sensors 21, no. 9 (May 10, 2021): 3293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21093293.

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Monitoring and data acquisition are essential to recognize the renewable resources available on-site, evaluate electrical conversion efficiency, detect failures, and optimize electrical production. Commercial monitoring systems for the photovoltaic system are generally expensive and closed for modifications. This work proposes a low-cost real-time internet of things system for micro and mini photovoltaic generation systems that can monitor continuous voltage, continuous current, alternating power, and seven meteorological variables. The proposed system measures all relevant meteorological variables and directly acquires photovoltaic generation data from the plant (not from the inverter). The system is implemented using open software, connects to the internet without cables, stores data locally and in the cloud, and uses the network time protocol to synchronize the devices’ clocks. To the best of our knowledge, no work reported in the literature presents these features altogether. Furthermore, experiments carried out with the proposed system showed good effectiveness and reliability. This system enables fog and cloud computing in a photovoltaic system, creating a time series measurements data set, enabling the future use of machine learning to create smart photovoltaic systems.

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Pan, Tingzhe. "A Novel Coordinated Control System to Reactive Power Compensation of Photovoltaic Inverter Clusters." International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems 2022 (October 11, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6396345.

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With the development of new energy, a cost-effective reactive power compensation scheme is essential to the voltage stability of the power system for small-capacity distributed generation. This paper proposes a coordinated control scheme of inverter cluster which is based on the reactive power support capability of the photovoltaic inverter. Moreover, by using power angle vectors, a reactive power distribution algorithm is proposed to solve the poor power quality of the point of common coupling connecting source and load in the distributed generation station. Simulations verify the performance of the algorithm is better than the conventional static capacity distribute algorithm and dynamic residual margin distribute algorithm. Finally, the effectiveness of the reactive power compensation scheme and distribution strategy for improving power quality and regulation ability proposed in this paper is verified by operation experiments in the actual power station.

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Ananthu, Durga Prasad, Neelshetty K., and M. Venkateshkumar. "Artificial intelligent controller-based energy management system for grid integration of PV and energy storage devices." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 26, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 617. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v26.i2.pp617-628.

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In the modern world, photovoltaic (PV) energy generation is becoming more prevalent and cost-effective. To address climate change, many countries have prioritised photovoltaics and made significant investments in energy generation. Because of its non-linear nature, solar energy generation is extremely difficult. This is completely dependent on the solar radiation and the outside temperature. The maximum power generation of a PV system in non-linear weather circumstances and the grid integration of PV with power management are discussed in this article. Artificial intelligence (AI) is vital for improving the energy output of PV systems across a wide range of environmental conditions because traditional controllers do not aid a solar system in producing the maximum energy. The grid integration of PV and EMS (energy management systems) was covered in the later part of this article. In this paper, artificial intelligence is used to provide customers with continuous power through a battery system, which plays a critical role in energy management. Furthermore, the suggested model was simulated in Matlab and its performance was evaluated under various operational scenarios. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed system, the results are compared to IEEE 519.

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Дисертації з теми "Photovoltaic power generation Cost effectiveness"

Ristow, Alan Hugo. "Numerical modeling of uncertainty and variability in the technology, manufacturing, and economics of crystalline silicon photovoltaics." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24643.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Chair: Rohatgi, Ajeet; Committee Co-Chair: Begovic, Miroslav; Committee Member: Gaylord, Thomas; Committee Member: Harley, Ronald; Committee Member: Jarrett, Christopher; Committee Member: Kippelen, Bernard

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Weiland, Daniel Albert. "Rooftop pv impacts on fossil fuel electricity generation and co2 emissions in the pacific northwest." Thesis, Portland State University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1547603.

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This thesis estimates the impacts of rooftop photovoltaic (PV) capacity on electricity generation and CO2 emissions in America's Pacific Northwest. The region's demand for electricity is increasing at the same time that it is attempting to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions. The electricity generated by rooftop PV capacity is expected to displace electricity from fossil fueled electricity generators and reduce CO2 emissions, but when and how much? And how can this region maximize and focus the impacts of additional rooftop PV capacity on CO2 emissions? To answer these questions, an hourly urban rooftop PV generation profile for 2009 was created from estimates of regional rooftop PV capacity and solar resource data. That profile was compared with the region's hourly fossil fuel generation profile for 2009 to determine how much urban rooftop PV generation reduced annual fossil fuel electricity generation and CO2 emissions. Those reductions were then projected for a range of additional multiples of rooftop PV capacity. The conclusions indicate that additional rooftop PV capacity in the region primarily displaces electricity from natural gas generators, and shows that the timing of rooftop PV generation corresponds with the use of fossil fuel generators. Each additional Wp/ capita of rooftop PV capacity reduces CO2 emissions by 9,600 to 7,300 tons/ year. The final discussion proposes some methods to maximize and focus rooftop PV impacts on CO2 emissions, and also suggests some questions for further research.

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Krygowski, Thomas Wendell. "A novel simultaneous diffusion technology for low-cost, high-efficiency silicon solar cells." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/22973.

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Ershad, Ahmad Murtaza. "Potential of Solar Photovoltaic and Wind Power Plants in Meeting Electricity Demand in Afghanistan." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1398944251.

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Huang, Bi-Feng, and 黃弼鋒. "Operation and Cost Analysis of a Grid-Interactive Photovoltaic Power Generation System." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/28141166107796715091.

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碩士
國立雲林科技大學
電機工程系
104
This thesis employs financial cost analysis technique to evaluate a 90 kWp grid-interactive photovoltaic (PV) power generator that supplies a chicken house. The analysis shows that the profitability index (PI) and the payback period posi-tively support the PV project. Reliability of a Photovoltaic power generation sys-tem can be improved by appropriate quality control strategies. As the Photovoltaic power generation system always has a number of risks of damage and potential failure, finding the primary causes of the risks can improve the operation and maintenance of the system and reduce the abnormal losses, achieving optimum performance. The other part of the government's lower feed-in tariff (FIT) will lead to a longer payback time. Solar electricity anti-dumping and countervailing duties (AD/CVD) will be imposed on Taiwan, and the falling oil price also causes impediment to Taiwan's solar energy industries. This study has found that invest-ing in solar powered chicken house is feasible. This year a continuation in the up-ward trend of predicted index of crude oil prices implies sufficient incentive in Taiwan to promote the expansion of Photovoltaic power generation system.

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Zhi, Liu Guan, and 劉冠志. "Impact and Cost-Benefit Analysis of Photovoltaic and Wind Power Generation Systems for Chimei Island." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85395262801906997543.

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碩士
國立澎湖科技大學
電資研究所
102
This thesis is to find the feeder with minimum voltage variation among the three feeders in Chimei Island dstribution system and conducts system impact analysis with adding photovoltaic (PV) and wind power generation (WG) system to simulate the maximum capacity of the feeders connected with the Grid.The PV and WG power generation is estimated according to hourly PV irradiation and average wind speed per second to determine the maximum WG and PV power generation injected into the point of common coupling (PCC). Finally, this paper investigates the capital investiment and annual net benefit to derive the payback years for the PV and WG systems during the life cycle to achieve the best cost benefit.

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Книги з теми "Photovoltaic power generation Cost effectiveness"

Komoto, Keiichi. Energy from the desert: Very large scale photovoltaic systems : socio-economic, financial, technical, and environmental aspects. London: Earthscan, 2009.

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Keiichi, Komoto, ed. Energy from the desert: Very large scale photovoltaic systems : socio-economic, financial, technical, and environmental aspects. Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 2009.

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Fraas, Lewis M. Path to affordable solar electric power & the 35% efficient solar cell. [Issaquah, WA]: JX Crystals, 2004.

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service), SpringerLink (Online, ed. High-efficient low-cost photovoltaics: Recent developments. Berlin: Springer, 2009.

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Rosenblum, Louis. Practical aspects of photovoltaic technology, applications, and cost. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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Sheehy, Philip. Cost-benefit analysis of the Self-Generation Incentive Program: Consultant report. Sacramento, Calif.]: California Energy Commission, 2008.

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Sheehy, Philip. Cost-benefit analysis of the Self-Generation Incentive Program: Draft consultant report. [Sacramento, Calif.]: California Energy Commission, 2008.

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Swisher, Joel N. Cleaner energy, greener profits: Fuel cells as cost-effective distributed energy resources. Snowmass, Colo: Rocky Mountain Institute, 2002.

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Swisher, Joel. Cleaner energy, greener profits: Fuel cells as cost-effective distributed energy resources. Snowmass, Colo: Rocky Mountain Institute, 2002.

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United States. Dept. of Energy. Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, ed. What is the energy payback for PV? 2nd ed. Washington, DC : U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, 2004.

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Частини книг з теми "Photovoltaic power generation Cost effectiveness"

Shayan Mostafa, Esmaeili, and Ghasemzadeh Farzaneh. "Nuclear Power Plant or Solar Power Plant." In Nuclear Power Plant [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.92547.

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Both solar energy and nuclear energy face significant economic challenges. Sustainable energy costs have traditionally been greater than any of those associated with the growth of fossil fuel power generation, although the costs of renewable energy technologies (especially photovoltaic) have dropped. Furthermore, capital costs remain a big challenge in the nuclear generation. In many nations, the cost of building small nuclear power plants is quite large due to time, technology, and environmental and safety challenges for consumers. Such problems might not be as big for state-owned corporations or controlled industries for which utilities have quick access to cheap resources, and this partially explains why the interest for nuclear reactors in Asia is far greater than in the United States or Europe. Learning could help decrease costs for both types of technologies, but the track record for learning-by-doing in the nuclear sector is not good.

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Bangtit, Tapparit. "Design and Simulation of Low-Cost Microgrid Controller in Off-Grid Remote Areas." In Electric Power Conversion and Micro-Grids. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.98551.

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This study presents the microgrid controller with an energy management strategy for an off-grid microgrid, consisting of an energy storage system (ESS), photovoltaic system (PV), micro-hydro, and diesel generator. The aim is to investigate the improved electrical distribution and off-grid operation in remote areas. The off-grid microgrid model and the control algorithms developed using MATLAB Simulink and State flow. The energy management system is focusing on the state of charge of the energy storage system. The microgrid controller controls the operation mode and power generation from the distributed generations’ local controller, i.e., PV, micro-hydro, and diesel. It also controls the smart meters of the loads to be connected or disconnected to the microgrid. The simulation results show that the proposed microgrid control can control the target off-grid microgrid in given possible scenarios. The off-grid microgrid managed to meet the energy demand with the lowest power outage and the diesel generator operation’s lowest cost.

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Iqbal, Fahad, Ankur Singh Rana, and Shufali Ashraf Wani. "Design and Analysis of a Cost-Effective Standalone Solar." In Handbook of Research on Power and Energy System Optimization, 552–70. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3935-3.ch016.

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The foremost issues of the twenty-first century are the ever-increasing challenging demand of electrical energy and controlling the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG). Along with these issues and with limited energy resources, it is imperative to look for non-conventional methods of power generation like from renewable energy resources. Microgrid has emerged as a new field that can meet the energy demand with a special emphasis on good power quality, reliability, and security. A major concern with the use of renewable energy resources is their intermittent nature which makes their integration and operation a challengeable task. Energy storage devices like batteries can be used to overcome the problem of intermittent nature of renewable energy resources. This chapter focusses on different aspects of renewable energy resources in detail. It analyzes the effectiveness of the proposed topology of the microgrid for health clinic load profile with the help of PVSYST software.

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Ben Smida, Mouna, Anis Sakly, Sundarapandian Vaidyanathan, and Ahmad Taher Azar. "Control-Based Maximum Power Point Tracking for a Grid-Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy System Optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization." In Research Anthology on Clean Energy Management and Solutions, 353–84. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9152-9.ch016.

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There has been a great deal of interest in renewable energy sources for electricity generation, particularly for photovoltaic and wind generators. These energy resources have enormous potential and can meet the current global demand for energy. Despite the obvious advantages of renewable energy sources, they have significant disadvantages, such as the discontinuity of their generation, due to their heavy dependence on weather and climate change, which affects their effectiveness in the conversion of renewable energy. Faced with this conflict, it is essential to optimize the performance of renewable systems in order to increase their efficiency. Several unconventional approaches to optimization have been developed in the literature. In this chapter, the management of a hybrid renewable energy system is optimized by intelligent approach based on particle swarm optimization comprising a shaded photovoltaic generator and a wind generator.

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Ben Smida, Mouna, Anis Sakly, Sundarapandian Vaidyanathan, and Ahmad Taher Azar. "Control-Based Maximum Power Point Tracking for a Grid-Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy System Optimized by Particle Swarm Optimization." In Advances in System Dynamics and Control, 58–89. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-4077-9.ch003.

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Lei, Yu, Xi Lu, Ying Wang, Haoqiang Guo, Yu Wang, and Zhuojun Zhong. "Climate and Environmental Benefit Study of PV Resource Development: Case Study of Angola." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde210266.

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Vigorously promoting the development of photovoltaic (PV) resources is a positive measure taken by humanity in response to the changes in global climate and environment. At the same time, combining photovoltaic power generation systems with traditional power generation systems, using the advantages of different power generation systems to achieve real-time scheduling optimization has become an urgent problem to be solved in engineering applications. This paper attempts to study the climate and environmental benefits of the development of photovoltaic resource in Africa by taking Angola as an example based on actual project data. According to the characteristics, load requirements, seasonal characteristics and actual engineering background of Tombwa in Angola, a baseline Scenario and four comparative Scenarios were established, and the operating costs of the five Scenarios in local rainy season and dry season were obtained respectively. The cost of electricity for the five Scenarios calculated subsequently. Through real-time scheduling and optimization of the software, the emission characteristics of CO2, NOx and CO under five Scenarios are obtained, and the climate benefits and environmental benefits of the five scenarios are further analyzed and compared. The results show that the development of photovoltaic resources in Angola has good climate and environmental benefits. In addition, the combine application of diesel, PV and battery power system will be the most effective of the five Scenarios to reduce the CO2 emissions with the lowest levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of 0.38 yuan/kwh, as a cost-effective solution in remote areas of Angola, Africa.

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Wei, Shuyi, Shaobo Wei, Jingyi Guo, Zhulin Shao, Lei Zhu, and Xiuxia Zhang. "3D Printing System and Method of Organic Polymer Solar Cell Device Based on Blockchain." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde221017.

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Low carbon development has become the theme of today’s social development, which foundation was renewable energy.For example: photovoltaic power generation, wind power generation, hydropower generation and so on.One of the representatives of new energy is photovoltaic power generation. After a long period of development, photovoltaic power generation technology has become more and more mature. For improved solar cell stability, photoelectric conversion efficiency, low cost and data security of energy information. 3D printing system and method of organic polymer solar cell device based on blockchain was rough design. 3D printing technology could be used to replace traditional manufacturing technology to complete the printing and manufacturing of solar cell devices. In order to meet the requirements. First, Modeling solar cell structure according to customer requirements, and then process simulation and performance analysis, 3D printing manufacturing after reaching the standards.For data security combining blockchain technology with 3D printing technology, the data security problem of 3D printing could be solved. Blockchain technology has been use to data structure to verify and store data. Blockchain could be considered as a distributed ledger which was decentralized, non-tamperable, traceable, and maintained by multiple parties. By applying the features of blockchain technology such as data encryption, time stamping, and distributed consensus to 3D printing technology, combined with the cloud platform, the cost and stability of 3D printed solar cell devices would be further improved.

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Mahto, Rakeshkumar, and Reshma John. "Modeling of Photovoltaic Module." In Solar Cells [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.97082.

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A Photovoltaic (PV) cell is a device that converts sunlight or incident light into direct current (DC) based electricity. Among other forms of renewable energy, PV-based power sources are considered a cleaner form of energy generation. Due to lower prices and increased efficiency, they have become much more popular than any other renewable energy source. In a PV module, PV cells are connected in a series and parallel configuration, depending on the voltage and current rating, respectively. Hence, PV modules tend to have a fixed topology. However, in the case of partial shading, mismatching or failure of a single PV cell can lead to many anomalies in a PV module’s functioning. If proper attention is not given, it can lead to the forward biasing of healthy PV cells in the module, causing them to consume the electricity instead of producing it, hence reducing the PV module’s overall efficiency. Hence, to further the PV module research, it is essential to have an approximate way to model them. Doing so allows for understanding the design’s pros and cons before deploying the PV module-based power system in the field. In the last decade, many mathematical models for PV cell simulation and modeling techniques have been proposed. The most popular among all the techniques are diode based PV modeling. In this book chapter, the author will present a double diode based PV cell modeling. Later, the PV module modeling will be presented using these techniques that incorporate mismatch, partial shading, and open/short fault. The partial shading and mismatch are reduced by incorporating a bypass diode along with a group of four PV cells. The mathematical model for showing the effectiveness of bypass diode with PV cells in reducing partial shading effect will also be presented. Additionally, in recent times besides fixed topology of series–parallel, Total Cross-Tied (TCT), Bridge Link (BL), and Honey-Comb (H-C) have shown a better capability in dealing with partial shading and mismatch. The book chapter will also cover PV module modeling using TCT, BL, and H-C in detail.

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Zhang, Lanyong, and Ziming Yuan. "Modeling of Ship Micro-Grid Based on Wind and Solar Power Generation Technology." In Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications. IOS Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/faia210181.

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Under the influence of environmental issues and energy crises, wind and solar power generation technologies have developed rapidly. Compared with terrestrial micro-grid, this technology has relatively few applications on ships. Aiming at the problems of low energy utilization rate of ship micro-grid, imperfect control strategy, and single simulation situation, this paper uses the construction method of terrestrial micro-grid to build a detailed ship micro-grid model based on wind and solar power generation technology on the MATLAB/simulink simulation platform, and uses hill climbing search Method and disturbance observation method to control wind and photovoltaic power generation system. In the simulation process, several situations of wind speed, light intensity, and load sudden changes during the operation of the micro-grid were simulated. The simulation results show that the micro-grid model can track the maximum power point in real time, and the wind energy utilization rate is increased to 0.48, and the bus voltage and current are equal. The actual operation requirements are met, and the correctness and effectiveness of the simulation model and control strategy are verified, which is helpful to the in-depth study of the construction of the ship micro-grid model.

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Lee, Byunghong, and Robert Bob Chang. "A New Generation of Energy Harvesting Devices." In Solar Cells [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.94291.

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This chapter has been mainly focused on the development and fabrication of various nanostructured materials for electrochemical energy conversion, specially, third generation (3rd) thin film photovoltaic system such as organic dye or perovskite -sensitized Solar Cells. Enormous efforts have been dedicated to the development of a variety of clean energy, capable of harvesting energy of various forms. Among the various energy forms, electrochemical devices that produce electric energy from chemical energy have received the most attention as the most promising power sources. In the majority of cases, researchers who come from the different background could engage on certain aspects of the components to improve the photovoltaic performances from different disciplines: (i) chemists to design and synthesize suitable donor–acceptor dyes and study structure–property relationships; (ii) physicists to build solar cell devices with the novel materials, to characterize and optimize their performances, and to understand the fundamental photophysical processes; and (iii) engineers to develop new device architectures. The synergy between all the disciplines will play a major role for future advancements in this area. However, the simultaneous development of all components such as photosensitizers, hole transport layer, photoanodes and cost effective cathode, combined with further investigation of transport dynamics, will lead to Photovoltaic cells, 30%. Herein, in this book, with taking optimized processing recipe as the standard cell fabrication procedure, imporant breakthough for each components is achieved by developing or designing new materials, concepts, and fabrication technique. This book report the following studies: (i) a brief introduction of the working principle, (ii) the detailed study of the each component materials, mainly including TiO2 photoanode under the category of 0D and 3D structures, strategies for co-sensitization with porphyrin and organic photosensitizers, and carbon catalytic material via controlled fabrication protocols and fundamental understanding of the working principles of electrochemical photovoltaic cell has been gained by means of electrical and optical modelling and advanced characterization techniques and (iii) new desgined stratages such as the optimization of photon confinement (iv) future prospects and survival stratagies for sensitizer assisted solar cell (especially, DSSC).

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Photovoltaic power generation Cost effectiveness"

Ubertini, Stefano, and Umberto Desideri. "Energy Production and Performance of a Large Photovoltaic Roof." In International Joint Power Generation Conference collocated with TurboExpo 2003. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2003-40100.

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The market for photovoltaic is rapidly expanding and there are some large utility PV power plants, thousands of residential systems, and tens of thousands of remote power systems in use. Even if photovoltaic is a technology that has already demonstrated its effectiveness and holds great promise in electrical generation, the costs are still too high to guarantee a commercial competitivity. This paper presents the performance results of a 15 kWp photovoltaic power plant installed on the roof of a high school in central Italy. The system consists of 220 modules for a total of 22 arrays, which are connected to inverters to allow conventional appliances to be powered by photovoltaic electricity. The PV plant is remotely controlled and data on sun radiation, ambient temperature, modules temperature and power production are continuously acquired by a PC. The measured power plant performances during the year are presented in this paper.

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Kim, Joowook, Hyunwoo Lim, and Moncef Krarti. "Hybrid Distributed Power Generation for Apartment Building Complexes in Korea." In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91375.

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Korea relies significantly on imported fossil fuels to meet its energy needs. Moreover, about 50% of Korean residential buildings are apartment complexes. In this paper, the use of distributed generation (DG) technologies to serve the energy requirements for a typical Korean apartment complex is explored to reduce Korea’s dependence on fossil fuel and CO2 emissions. In particular, a series of sensitivity analyses is conducted using detailed simulation tools to determine the cost-effectiveness of DG systems to meet electrical and thermal loads of an apartment building in Daegu, Korea. The DG systems considered in the analysis include Photovoltaic (PV), Wind turbine, Microturbine, and Fuel Cell. The apartment complex is connected to the utility grid that with electricity typically generated using fossil fuels. It is found that a combination of the grid and Fuel Cell is the most cost effective approach to meet the electrical and thermal loads of the complex residential building with a cost of energy reduction of 12% compared to the grid only option.

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Becker, Frederick E., Edward F. Doyle, and Kailash C. Shukla. "150 Watt Portable Thermophotovoltaic Power Supply." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0975.

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Abstract Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion, which uses photovoltaic (PV) cells to directly convert radiant thermal energy into electric power, has a number of important advantages for portable power generation in military applications. Since TPV is a direct energy conversion technology with no moving parts in the energy conversion system, it has the potential to provide quiet, reliable, maintenance-free electric power for thousands of hours. These systems also have the potential to be as efficient as small portable engine generators, operate on military logistic fuels, and start and operate in sub-freezing environments. A 150 Watt thermophotovoltaic (TPV) power module has been designed, built, and tested. The technical approach taken in the design focused on optimizing the integrated performance of the primary subsystems in order to yield high energy conversion efficiency and cost effectiveness. An important aspect of the approach is the use of a narrow band fibrous emitter radiating to a bandgap matched photovoltaic array to minimize thermal and optical recuperation requirements, as well as the non-recoverable heat losses. For the prototype system, fibrous ytterbia emitters radiating in a narrow band centered at 980 nm are matched with high efficiency silicon photoconverters. The integrated system includes a dielectric stack filter for optical energy recovery and a ceramic recuperator for thermal energy recovery. The prototype TPV system uses a rapid mix distributed fuel delivery system with controlled feeding of the fuel and heated air into a flame at the surface of the emitter. This makes it possible to operate at air preheat temperatures well above the auto-ignition temperature of the fuel thereby substantially increasing the system efficiency. The system has been operated with air preheat temperatures up to 1367 K and has produced a uniform narrow band radiation over the surface of the emitter with this approach. The design of the system is described and test data for the system and some of the key components are presented. The results from a system model, which show the impact of various parameters on system performance, are also discussed.

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Lilly, Patrick, and George Simons. "California’s Self-Generation Incentive Program Nonresidential PV Systems: Measured System Performance and Actual Costs." In ASME 2006 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2006-88228.

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More than two hundred sixty grid-tied photovoltaic (PV) systems sized 30 kW to 1.1 MW installed in California during 2002 through 2004 received partial funding through the Self-Generation Incentive Program (SGIP). The SGIP is administered statewide by PG&E, SCE, SoCalGas, and the San Diego Regional Energy Office. The incentive is structured as a one-time capacity based payment made at the time of system completion. The first PV system incentive was paid in Summer 2002. Through the end of 2004, a total of 269 PV systems had received financial support through the program. The cumulative generation capacity of these systems exceeded 30 MW and corresponded to $101 million of incentives paid. While originally slated to run through 2004, recently the program was modified and extended through the end of 2007. PV systems participating in the program are being monitored to support evaluation of the program. These data have been used to assess impacts of the Program on peak demand and energy consumption. These data have also been incorporated into the Program’s cost-effectiveness assessment. Well over one-half of the PV systems have already been subject to metering yielding 15-minute interval generator output data. The cumulative size of the directly monitored PV systems currently exceeds 33 MW as of late 2005. In 2004, the statewide California Independent System Operator (ISO) electrical system peak occurred on September 8 during the 16th hour (from 3 to 4 PM PDT). During this hour the electrical demand for the California ISO reached 45,562 MW. On this day, there were 235 PV systems funded under the SGIP installed and operating; interval-metered data are available for 107 of these projects. The resulting estimate of peak demand impact coincident with the ISO peak load totals 9,938 kW. The estimated peak demand impact corresponds to 0.39 kW per 1.0 kWRebated of PV system size and is based on rebated capacity. Those unfamiliar with PV system size ratings and PV system operating characteristics may be surprised that the overall weighted-average peak demand impact was not substantially higher at this hour and time of year. To help put this result in perspective, it can be compared to a simple engineering estimate of peak power output based on published information regarding PV system performance. First, we begin with 1 kW [basis: rebated size] of horizontal PV system capacity. For purposes of determining rebates, PV system sizes are calculated as the product of cumulative estimated module DC power output under PTC conditions and inverter maximum DC to AC conversion efficiency. Factors such as manufacturing tolerance, soiling, module mismatch, temperature effects, and wiring losses may result in actual full-sun power output levels of about 0.76 kW/kWRebated. When the 3 to 4 PM angle of incidence effects for the month of September are included the expected output value drops significantly further. The peak-day operating characteristics of the 107 PV projects for which peak-day interval-metered data were available are summarized in the box plot of Figure 4. System sizes were used to normalize power output values prior to plotting summary statistics of PV output profiles for individual projects. The normalized values represent PV power output per unit of system size. Treatment in this manner enables direct comparison of the power output characteristics of PV systems of varying sizes. The vertically oriented boxes represent ranges within which 75% of project-specific values lie. The vertical lines represent the total range (i.e., maximum and minimum) of project-specific values. The energy production of the group of metered PV systems varied according to season. In Figure 7, normalized energy production by month is illustrated (on the right axis). These values represent the monthly average capacity factor for the on-line PV system capacity. As expected, normalized energy production levels reach their maximum values in the summer season and decrease towards the winter season as the intensity and duration of incident solar radiation falls off, coupled with increased incidence of storms and other weather disturbances off the Pacific Ocean, which affect the availability of solar radiation upon the PV modules.

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Zhang, Jian, Alta Knizley, and Heejin Cho. "An Evaluation of Financial Incentive Policies for Solar Photovoltaic Systems in the U.S." In ASME 2017 11th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2017 Power Conference Joint With ICOPE-17, the ASME 2017 15th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology, and the ASME 2017 Nuclear Forum. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2017-3693.

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This paper analyzes some of the existing incentives for solar photovoltaic (PV) energy generation in the U.S. to investigate how effectively those existing incentive policies can promote PV adaptions in the U.S. market. Two common building types (i.e., hospitals and large hotels) located in five different U.S. states, each having their own incentives, are selected and analyzed for the PV incentive policies. The payback period of the PV system is chosen as an indicator to analyze and critique the effectiveness of each incentive by comparing the payback periods before and after taking the incentive into consideration. In this way, the existing incentive policies implemented by utility companies in each state are analyzed and critiqued. Finally, a parametric analysis is conducted to determine the influence of the variation in key parameters, such as PV system capacity and PV capital cost, on the performance of PV system. The results show how the existing incentives can be effectively used to promote the PV systems in the U.S. and how variations of the parameters can impact the payback period of the PV systems. Through the evaluation of the existing incentive policies and the parametric study, this paper demonstrates that the type and level of incentives should be carefully determined in policy-making processes to effectively promote the PV systems.

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Souza, Brad, Ron Ishii, George Simons, and Pierre Landry. "Best Practices for Cogeneration System Design." In ASME 2007 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2007-22113.

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Successful cogeneration system design requires a combination of engineering, investigation, and forecasting skills. Operating schedules for the facility must be considered in the design of the cogeneration system to optimize overall plant utilization and economics. This results in tradeoffs between electrical power production and thermal heat recovery for many applications of the technology. Optimizing these two parameters requires a thorough understanding of how and when the facility uses power and heat and the owner’s objectives of the investment in the cogeneration system. Customer-sited cogeneration systems have been accepted as one option to mitigate electrical supply shortages. On the utility side, this requires that cogeneration systems operate at a relatively high capacity factor, especially during peak periods. On the customer side, the cogeneration system must be capable of meeting onsite energy needs to reduce energy costs. In California, the Self-Generation Incentive Program (SGIP) provides incentives for the installation of distributed generation systems. Incentives are paid on an installed capacity basis ($/kW) that varies by installed technology. Eligible technologies include photovoltaic, wind, fuel cells, internal combustion engines, and microturbines. Alternative Energy Systems Consulting, Inc. (AESC) provides technical support services to the SGIP, the sponsoring utilities and SGIP’s Working Group. The services that AESC provides varies with utility, but primarily includes program design support, regulatory review, technology evaluation, application review, generator performance metering, participant training and equipment field verification. Itron evaluates the SGIP to quantify performance of the systems and estimate overall impacts of the program. This paper will present best practice recommendations for cogeneration system design to meet the efficiency criteria of the SGIP. Recommendations are based on findings from numerous AESC performance reviews and on-site inspections, as well as results of Itron’s in-depth performance evaluation of the effectiveness of useful thermal energy recovery of on-site cogeneration systems receiving incentives from the SGIP. Information is presented through Program Year 2005. Results of several past studies have suggested that cogeneration systems were not operating as they were designed and, more importantly, were not achieving the efficiencies claimed at the design stage. This paper will also explore some of the key drivers behind the unexpectedly low thermal energy recovery and overall plant performance sampled from the fleet of SGIP cogenerators. Results from recent Itron studies will be combined with AESC’s expertise in actual operations to develop a list of best practices to be followed when designing and commissioning a cogeneration system.

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Abdullah, Mohammad Omar, Voon Chun Yung, Audra Anak Jom, Alvin Yeo Wee, Martin Anyi, Khairuddin B. Ab Hamid, John Tarawe, and James Tarawe. "Energy Sustainability Study of a Rural ICT Telecenter at the Bario Highland." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36061.

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The eBario project has won the eAsia Award and the Mondialogo Engineering Award in 2004 and 2005 respectively for it’s successful implementation of an Information and Telecommunications Technology Center (ICT) and solar renewable energy-incentive rural community project at the Bario Highland of Sarawak, East Malaysia, Borneo (http://www.unimas.my/ebario/). Although solar photovoltaic (PV) energy has been opted for power generation at the ICT Telecenter for the past five years, there is still a need to investigate the cost-effectiveness of the current energy setup as well as to conduct sustainability study taking into account factors such as system efficiency, weather, costs of fuel, operating costs, as well as to explore the feasibility of implementing alternative energy resources for the rural ICT Telecenter. Recent theoretical study conducted has shown that renewable combined power systems are more sustainable in terms of supplying electricity to the ICT Telecenter, and in a more cost-effective way compared to a standalone PV system which is subject to the cloud and the recent dense haze problems. For that purpose, two combined power systems are being put into consideration namely PV-Hydro and PV-Hydro-Fuel Cell, where the total simulated annualized cost for these two system configurations are US$10,847 and US$76,010 respectively as far as the present location is concerned. The PVHydro-Fuel Cell produces electrical energy at the amount of 3,577 kWh/yr while the annual energy consumption is 3,203 kWhr/yr. On the other hand, PV-Hydro produces 3,789 kWhr/yr of electricity annually load which consumes energy at 3,209 kWhr/yr. Results thus obtained has shown that the PVHydro scheme is expected to have advantages over the existing PV standalone system. Firstly, it is more cost-effective. Secondly, it provides the best outcomes for the local indigenous community and the natural highland environments both for now and the future. Thirdly, it also able to relate the continuity of both economic and social aspects of the local society as a whole. As the combined PV-Hydro system had been chosen, plus for completeness purposes, the present paper also discussed the custom design and construction of a small waterwheel breast-shot hydro-generator, suited to the local location and existing water energy resources. Energy saving design calculations and Sankey diagram showing the energy flows for the new combined system are also given herein. Finally, the energy system performance equations and the performance curves introduced in this study provide a new simple method of evaluating renewable energy systems.

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Fraas, Lewis M., Han X. Huang, Shi-Zhong Ye, James Avery, and Russell Ballantyne. "Low cost high power GaSb thermophotovoltaic cells." In Future generation photovoltaic technologies. AIP, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.53455.

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Fraas, Lewis M., Han X. Huang, Shi-Zhong Ye, She Hui, James Avery, and Russell Ballantyne. "Low cost high power GaSB photovoltaic cells." In THERMOPHOTOVOLTAIC GENERATION OF ELECTRICITY. ASCE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.53273.

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Worledge, David H., and Stephen M. Hess. "Assessment of Plant Maintenance Program Cost-Effectiveness Using ProCost©." In 2002 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ijpgc2002-26037.

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This paper discusses use of the ProCost© Maintainability / Reliability / Production / Cost (MRPC) model to assess the cost effective performance of a power plant’s maintenance program. The RMPC model provides an estimate of the economic value added for plant assets. It also provides a summary of production and maintenance costs, generation losses, and revenue losses, and gives a bottom line report on the asset’s economic value to the company. The model accounts for the way in which the maintenance program interacts with the generation process and estimates the leverage provided by expenditures on preventive maintenance. ProCost© is an engineering tool for tracking each asset’s production and cost performance under appropriate engineering approximations. Thus, it provides useful insights into where maintenance resources can be expended most effectively to increase generation and reduce operating costs.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Photovoltaic power generation Cost effectiveness"

McConnell, R., V. Garboushian, R. Gordon, D. Dutra, G. Kinsey, S. Geer, H. Gomez, and C. Cameron. Low-Cost High-Concentration Photovoltaic Systems for Utility Power Generation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1040623.

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