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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Phase diagram of gold"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 21 грудня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Phase diagram of gold"

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Zhuang, Dian Xiang, Ming Xie, Lin Jing Liu, Man Men Liu, Yong Tai Chen, Ji Ming Zhang, You Cai Yang, Jie Qiong Hu, Sai Bei Wang, and Song Wang. "Recent Research on Ternary Phase Diagram of Gold Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 834-836 (October 2013): 323–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.834-836.323.

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phase diagram is known as Maps of Materials Science. However, the existing precious metal phase diagrams are far from able to meet the needs of the development of the precious metal materials science and technology. In this paper, the recent research achievements of Au-Ag-Y ternary phase diagram by experimental method and Au-Pd-Zr ternary phase diagram by multi-phase equilibrium thermodynamic calculation software were introduced.
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2

Saccone, A., D. Macciò, S. Delfino, and R. Ferro. "The neodymium-gold phase diagram." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 30, no. 5 (May 1999): 1169–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-999-0266-7.

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3

Xiao-Jun, Liu, Moritomo Yutaka, and Kojima Norimichi. "Electronic Phase Diagram of Mixed-Valence Gold Chloride." Chinese Physics Letters 21, no. 1 (January 2004): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/21/1/055.

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4

Saccone, A., D. Macciò, S. Delfino, and R. Ferro. "The phase diagram of the terbium–gold alloy system." Intermetallics 8, no. 3 (March 2000): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0966-9795(99)00099-0.

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Ryu, Seunghwa, and Wei Cai. "A gold–silicon potential fitted to the binary phase diagram." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 22, no. 5 (January 15, 2010): 055401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/22/5/055401.

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FAROOQ, M., and FARID A. KHWAJA. "MONTE CARLO CALCULATION OF ORDER-DISORDER PHASE DIAGRAM OF CU-AU." International Journal of Modern Physics B 07, no. 08 (April 1993): 1731–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979293002547.

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The problem of order-disorder phase transition and phase diagram of the binary copper-gold alloy is analyzed using Monte-Carlo technique. Unlike traditional approaches, the interaction potentials used in our calculations are obtained from the experimental data of diffuse X-ray scattering for the system. The thermodynamic parameters such as configurational energy, specific heat and the order-disorder transition temperatures are calculated directly from the averages of these quantities over many different configurations after an initial equilbration period. The order-disorder phase diagram is constructed and compared with the experimental one, as well as with the results of some previous theoretical approaches.
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Löfgren, Joakim, Henrik Grönbeck, Kasper Moth-Poulsen, and Paul Erhart. "Understanding the Phase Diagram of Self-Assembled Monolayers of Alkanethiolates on Gold." Journal of Physical Chemistry C 120, no. 22 (May 24, 2016): 12059–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b03283.

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8

Lu, S., N. Yao, and I. A. Aksay. "Chemical Compostion Analysis on Sintered Gold and Platinum Nanoparticles." Microscopy and Microanalysis 6, S2 (August 2000): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600032633.

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Nanoparticles continue to attract interests because they fall into intermediate stage between molecular and macroscopic materials. Due to their large surface-to-volume ratio, nanoparticles exhibit physical and chemical properties that differ markedly from those characterizing the bulk solid state. One example is the phase diagram of a nanomaterial. Because nanocrystals display clear changes in both the thermodynamics and the kinetics of phase transitions, we expect different solubility limits in the nanometer regime. This means that phases unstable or unobserved in extended solids may be prepared as nanocrystals. We synthesized Au and Pt nanoparticles and performed chemical analysis on the sintered agglomerates.The colloidal Au and Pt particles were synthesized according to Turkevich's method. An aqueous AuCl3 solution (50mg Au/L) was heated to 70°C. A determined amount of lwt% aqueous sodium citrate dihydrate (Na3C6H5O7.2H2O) solution was added such that the citrate-to-Au mass ratio was 10.
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Guisbiers, Grégory, Sergio Mejia-Rosales, Subarna Khanal, Francisco Ruiz-Zepeda, Robert L. Whetten, and Miguel José-Yacaman. "Gold–Copper Nano-Alloy, “Tumbaga”, in the Era of Nano: Phase Diagram and Segregation." Nano Letters 14, no. 11 (October 27, 2014): 6718–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl503584q.

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Wang, Yuanwei, Yu Tanabe, and Hiromasa Yagyu. "Analysis of Synthesis Mechanism of Gold Nanoparticles Using Glass Microfluidics." Proceedings 2, no. 13 (December 3, 2018): 702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2130702.

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According to LaMer diagram, a clearly separate of nucleation and grows step is required to synthesis of monodisperse nanoparticles. However, a critical mixing time Tc until the growth process is started, is not clear experimentally. In this paper, we prepared gold nanoparticles (GNPs) by liquid-phase reduction using citric acid on microfluidics with different flow rates. From relationship of the diameter of the prepared nanoparticle and the mixing time, Tc for the preparation of monodisperse GNPs was found for the first time.
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Дисертації з теми "Phase diagram of gold"

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Butt, M. Taqi Zahid. "Study of gold-based alloy phase diagrams." Thesis, Brunel University, 1990. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7389.

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The partial constitutions of the Au-Ge-X and Au-Pb-X ternary alloys have been investigated, where X is a metallic element, selected from the sub-groups period 1m and rrm of the periodic table (In, Ga, Zn, or Cd), which forms one or more stable compounds with gold, but which forms no stable compound with Ge and Pb. The Smith Thermal Analysis Method, supplemented by metallographic and X-ray techniques, was used to determine the constitutions of the ternary systems. Eutectiferous, pseudobinary systems were found between Ge and the stable congruent intermediate compounds, AuIn, Auln2' AuGa, AuGa2' AuZn and AuCd. The solubility of Ge in the AuX compounds was not determined directly. However, it was 1.3 at.% Ge for Zn and Cd containing alloys and less than 1.0 at. % Ge for In and Ga containing alloys at the eutectic temperatures, which is in accordance with the Hume-Rothery rule. Ternary eutectic points were also determined in the Auln-AuIn2-Ge, Auln2-In-Ge and AuGa-AuGa2-Ge partial ternary systems. No evidence of liquid immiscibility was found in any of these ternary systems. The experimental results obtained were in good agreement with computed features of the diagrams. However, pseudobinary systems were not found between Pb and the stable congruent melting intermediate compounds, AuGa, AuGa2, AuZn and AuCd (the AuIn-Pb and AuIn2-Pb sections had already been investigated). The evidence of an extensive liquid immiscibility was found in each of these systems. The miscibility in the liquid state was found to decrease progressively down group IV when the elements of this group react with AuX compounds, which can be attributed to the progressive increase of the atomic size and decrease in electronegativities and solubility parameters of the elements, down this group. Two rules were derived to relate the liquid immiscibility/miscibility of ternary systems. One of the rules based upon the atomic sizes and melting points of the constituent elements showed a fair agreement with many systems. However, the other rule based upon the solubility parameter and electronegativities of the constituent elements showed good agreement with immiscible systems, but gave a poor predictability for miscible systems. The lower temperature equilibria of the Au-rich portion of the Au-Sn binary phase diagram are not well defined. So, long term heat treatment of samples at appropriate temperatures and compositions was carried out. Optical microscopy and SEMIEDAX techniques were employed and hence the low temperature equilibria of the Au-Sn binary system have been amended.
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Wu, Yang. "Azimuthal anisotropy in gold-gold collisions at 4.5 GeV center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair using fixed-target mode at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1562355001935965.

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3

Hajiw, Stéphanie. "Des interactions entre nanoparticules d’or hydrophobes à leur auto-assemblage." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015SACLS080/document.

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Comme de nombreux colloïdes, des nanoparticules métalliques recouvertes de ligands en suspension s’organisent au-delà d’une fraction volumique seuil et forment ce que l’on appelle un « supracristal ». Ce sont ainsi des systèmes modèles, déjà largement étudiés à partir de suspensions dans des solvants volatils, qui permettent de mieux comprendre l’auto-assemblage de sphères déformables. Les interactions qui conduisent à l’auto-assemblage sont couramment décrites par une compétition entre une attraction de van der Waals entre les cœurs métalliques et une répulsion entre les ligands qui va dépendre de l’affinité entre les ligands et le solvant. Un effet du solvant a déjà été observé sur l’auto-organisation de nano-objets. En mesurant par diffusion de rayons X aux petits angles le facteur de structure de suspensions de nanoparticules d’or greffées, j’ai pu sonder de façon systématique les interactions entre des nanoparticules en suspension avec plusieurs tailles de cœur, des ligands alcane-thiols de longueur différente et dans différents solvants à la fois volatils et non volatils. J’ai ainsi pu mettre en évidence une interaction attractive inattendue dans des alcanes linéaires flexibles et dont l’intensité augmente avec la longueur de l’alcane. Pour corréler les interactions entre particules à leur diagramme de phase, j’ai suivi le processus de cristallisation dans des suspensions en solvant volatil ou partiellement volatil ainsi qu’en émulsion, techniques qui permettent d’augmenter lentement la concentration en nanoparticules. Les interactions attractives induites par le solvant contribuent ainsi à la formation de supracristaux à de très faibles fractions volumiques. A de fortes concentrations, la structure des supracristaux ne dépend pas du solvant utilisé mais, à forte densité de greffage, du rapport R entre la longueur des ligands et le diamètre du cœur d’or. Pour un rapport R voisin de 0.7, la structure finale observée est cubique centrée, la structure à concentration intermédiaire étant cubique à faces centrées. Pour un rapport R deux fois plus petit, une structure originale a été mise en évidence. Il s’agit d’une structure hexagonale de grand paramètre de maille, analysée comme une phase de Frank et Kasper de type MgZn2 ou C14. C’est la première fois qu’une telle phase à empilement local tétraédrique est observée dans un système de sphères monodisperses molles. L’existence de cette phase ainsi que le rôle du rapport R a pu être interprétée en estimant quantitativement la compétition entre l’attraction de van der Waals forte et l’entropie des ligands
As many colloids, metallic nanoparticles grafted with hydrophobic ligands self-assemble above a volume fraction threshold and thus build superlattices. These model systems, which are widely studied when suspended in volatile oils, enable a better understanding of soft spheres self-assembly.Interactions which lead to self-assembly are commonly described by the combination of van der Waals attraction with interaction between the ligand shells. The shell behavior is controlled by the ligand affinity with the solvent. An effect of the solvent on the self-assembly of nanoparticles has already been observed. Using a small angle X-ray scattering, I measured, through the structure factor, the interactions between gold nanoparticles grafted with alkanethiols in different oils, at various concentrations, for different lengths of ligands and core diameters. I noticed an attractive interaction when using flexible linear alkanes as solvent. It has also been shown that the attraction intensity increases with the solvent length.In order to correlate the interactions between particles to their phase diagram, I studied the crystallization process by concentrating nanoparticles using evaporation in capillaries or Ostwald ripening in emulsions. I showed that attractive interactions induced by the solvent lead to superlattices formation at very low volume fractions.At high concentrations, the superlattice structure depends on the ratio of the ligand length over the gold core diameter. For a ratio around 0.7, the final structure observed is body centered cubic, whereas at lower concentration, it is face centered cubic. When this ratio is halved, an unexpected structure is observed. It is a hexagonal structure with a large lattice parameter. It has been analyzed as a Frank and Kasper’s phase named MgZn2 or C14. It is the first time that this topologically close-packed structure is observed for monodisperse soft spheres. The existence of this phase and the role of the ratio R have been interpreted by considering quantitatively the competition between ligands entropy and the strong van der Waals attraction
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Richard, Pauline. "Exploration ab initio du diagramme de phases de l'or à haute pression et haute température." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASF040.

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Cette thèse est consacrée à l'exploration du diagramme de phases de l'or à haute pression et haute température. Pour cela, le calcul de l'énergie libre est fondamental afin de comparer la stabilité relative des phases dans des conditions thermodynamiques spécifiques. Cependant, cette grandeur dépend explicitement de la fonction de partition, ce qui la rend difficile à calculer en simulation atomistique. Elle est souvent décomposée en contributions froide et thermique. Parmi ces contributions, les vibrations du réseau cristallin, les phonons, jouent un rôle crucial. En effet, les températures explorées induisent l'apparition d'effets anharmoniques, nécessitant l'emploi de la dynamique moléculaire ab initio, ici basée sur la théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité (DFT). Cette méthode est la plus appropriée pour prendre en compte ces effets, que les potentiels interatomiques phénoménologiques existants ne parviennent pas à reproduire. Couplée à l'intégration thermodynamique, cette approche constitue une méthode de référence pour le calcul de l'énergie libre. Toutefois, elle reste très coûteuse en temps de calcul et est donc prohibitive pour construire le diagramme de phase complet de l'or. Des méthodes alternatives existent, comme l'approximation quasi-harmonique, mais leur validité à haute température est difficile à évaluer. L'objectif de cette thèse est donc de proposer une méthode efficace pour calculer l'énergie libre tout en conservant la précision de la DFT. Pour ce faire, une procédure d'échantillonnage accélérée par apprentissage automatique est employée. Elle permet d'entraîner des potentiels numériques de substitution, mobilisés a posteriori pour extraire les énergies libres de Gibbs des structures considérées via un calcul d'intégration thermodynamique hors équilibre. Les résultats obtenus ont été validés par comparaison avec ceux du potentiel effectif dépendant de la température. Dans une première partie, cette approche a été appliquée pour construire le diagramme de phases de l'or solide de 0 à 1 TPa et jusqu'à 10 000 K. Elle montre la stabilisation d'une phase cubique centrée (bcc) à haute température, autour de 200 GPa. Une explication de la transition cubique faces centrées (fcc)-bcc avant la fusion a été proposée, se basant sur les effets des constantes de forces interatomiques. Par ailleurs, les domaines de stabilité des phases fcc et hexagonale compacte (hcp) prédits par cette étude sont en bon accord avec la plupart des résultats expérimentaux récents. Dans la seconde partie, cette procédure a été étendue au calcul de la courbe de fusion de l'or
This thesis is dedicated to exploring the phase diagram of gold under high pressure and high temperature. Calculating the free energy is fundamental for comparing the relative stability of phases under specific thermodynamic conditions. However, this quantity explicitly depends on the partition function, making it challenging to calculate in atomistic simulations. It is often decomposed into cold and thermal contributions. Among these contributions, the lattice dynamics, or phonons, play a crucial role. The temperatures explored induce indeed anharmonic effects, necessitating the use of expensive ab initio methods, based on density functional theory (DFT) which are the most appropriate method to account for these effects that existing empirical potentials cannot reproduce. Coupled with thermodynamic integration, it is the reference method for calculating free energy. However, this method remains very time-consuming and is thus prohibitive to explore the whole phase diagram of gold. Alternative methods exist, such as the quasi-harmonic approximation, but its validity at high temperature is difficult to assess. The goal of this thesis is to propose a method that maintains DFT accuracy while reducing computation time. To achieve this, an accelerated sampling procedure using machine learning is employed. This procedure allows for the training of surrogate potentials, which are then used a posteriori to extract the Gibbs free energies of the considered structures via a non-equilibrium thermodynamic integration calculation. The results obtained have been validated by comparison with those from the temperature-dependent effective potential. In the first part, this approach was applied to construct the phase diagram of solid gold from 0 to 1 TPa and up to 10,000 K. It shows the stabilization of a body-centered cubic (bcc) phase at high temperatures, around 200 GPa. An explanation for the cubic face-centered (fcc)-bcc transition before melting was proposed, based on the effects of interatomic force constants. Furthermore, the stability domains of the fcc and hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phases predicted by this study are in good agreement with most recent experimental results. In the second part, this procedure was extended to calculate the melting curve of gold
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Park, Heung-Shik. "Self-assembly of lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals: Effects of additives and applications." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1291043533.

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6

Fallas, Chinchilla Juan Carlos. "Pressure-temperature phase diagram of LiA1H₄." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2009. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1464434.

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7

Azevedo, Cesar R. de Farias. "Phase diagram and phase transformations in Ti-Al-Si system." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/1278.

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Prins, Sara Natalia. "The AI-Pt-Ru ternary phase diagram." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09192005-163724/.

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9

Attwood, Brian Christopher. "Global phase diagram for monomer/dimer mixtures." NCSU, 2001. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-20011012-113555.

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The objective of this thesis is to calculate the global phase diagram predicted by the Generalized Flory Dimer equation of state for mixtures of square-well monomers and dimers. Towards that goal, we first extend the Generalized Flory Dimer (GFD) theory for hard sphere monomer/dimer mixtures to square-well monomer/dimer mixtures. Theoretical predictions for the compressibility factor as a function of volume fraction are compared to discontinuous molecular dynamic simulation results on monomer/dimer mixtures at well depth ratios 0.5 - 1.5 and dimer mole fractions 0.111 - 0.667 and on monomers/8-mer mixtures at well depth ratios 0.5 - 1.5. Agreement is found generally to be good and consistent with the agreement obtained when the GFD theory is applied to other square-well systems. Next we calculate the GFD predicted global phase diagram for square-well monomer/dimer mixtures using a brute force method. The locus of critical points in the direction implies that monomer/dimer systems have a greater tendency towards liquid-liquid immiscibility in our system than in monomer/monomer systems.

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10

Huang, Gang 1971. "Phase diagram for liquid crystalline polymerpolycarbonate blends." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=33973.

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Blends containing a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer and an engineering thermoplastic polymer have recently received considerable attention, because liquid crystalline polymers display low melt viscosity, excellent chemical resistance, thermal stability and mechanical performance. A novel mechanism to form binary polymer blends is through phase separation by spinodal decomposition in the unstable region of the phase diagram. The overall objective of this work is to investigate the effects of thermally induced phase separation by spinodal decomposition on the morphology development of liquid crystalline polymer/polycarbonate blends and to obtain a thermodynamic binary phase diagram. The blends were obtained using a twin-screw extruder at various processing melt temperatures. To study miscibility of the blends and the resulting morphology, techniques such as differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy were used. The liquid crystalline polymer/polycarbonate blend undergoes phase separation during thermally induced spinodal decomposition exhibiting a miscibility window reminiscent of a lower critical solution temperature. The blend is found to be miscible, when blend Tg slightly decreases. On the other hand, the blend is found to be immiscible as blend Tg increases. A thermodynamic two-phase transition curve phase diagram was obtained using an innovative practical experimental technique in conjunction with twin screw extrusion and scanning electron microscopy.
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Книги з теми "Phase diagram of gold"

1

Prince, Alan. Phase diagrams of ternary gold alloys. London: Institute of Metals, 1990.

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2

H, Okamoto, Massalski T. B, and ASM International, eds. Phase diagrams of binary gold alloys. Metals Park, Ohio: ASM International, 1987.

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3

Butt, M. Taqi Zahid. Study of gold-based alloy phase diagrams. Uxbridge: Brunel University, 1990.

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4

-C, Zhao J., ed. Methods for phase diagram determination. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2007.

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5

R, Knabe, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Electrical conductivity and phase diagram of binary alloys. Washington DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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6

Mitaku, Shigeki, and Ryusuke Sawada. Evolution Seen from the Phase Diagram of Life. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-0060-8.

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S, Pierce Brenda, and Johnson M. F. 1949-, eds. TRIANGL: A ternary diagram program on the PRIME computer. [Reston, VA]: U.S. Geological Survey, 1986.

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8

E, Morral J., Schiffman R. S, Merchant S. M, and ASM International. Thermodynamics and Phase Equilibria Committee., eds. Experimental methods of phase diagram determination: Proceedings of a symposium. Warrendale, PA: Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 1994.

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9

Lu, Xingye. Phase Diagram and Magnetic Excitations of BaFe2-xNixAs2: A Neutron Scattering Study. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4998-9.

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Kim, Chanul. Predicting the temperature-strain phase diagram of VO$_2$ from first principles. [New York, N.Y.?]: [publisher not identified], 2018.

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Частини книг з теми "Phase diagram of gold"

1

Weik, Martin H. "phase diagram." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1258. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_13898.

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Peeters, Francois M. "The Phase Diagram." In Physics and Chemistry of Materials with Low-Dimensional Structures, 17–32. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-1286-2_2.

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3

Suryanarayana, C., and M. Grant Norton. "Phase Diagram Determination." In X-Ray Diffraction, 167–92. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0148-4_7.

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4

Zuyao, Xu, and Liu Guoquan. "Alloy Phase Diagram." In The ECPH Encyclopedia of Mining and Metallurgy, 24–37. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2086-0_416.

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Zuyao, Xu, Liu Guoquan, and Xu Kuangdi. "Alloy Phase Diagram." In The ECPH Encyclopedia of Mining and Metallurgy, 1–14. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0740-1_416-1.

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Shamsuddin, Mohammad. "Phase Diagram Analyses." In The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series, 215–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47118-6_8.

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Strauch, D. "Si: phase diagram, phase transition." In New Data and Updates for IV-IV, III-V, II-VI and I-VII Compounds, their Mixed Crystals and Diluted Magnetic Semiconductors, 638–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14148-5_357.

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Tatami, Junichi. "Phase Equilibrium and Phase Diagram." In Materials Chemistry of Ceramics, 23–43. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9935-0_2.

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Satz, Helmut. "The QCD Phase Diagram." In Extreme States of Matter in Strong Interaction Physics, 111–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23908-3_7.

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Link, Albert N., and John T. Scott. "Ceramic Phase Diagram Program." In Public Accountability, 81–90. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5639-8_9.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Phase diagram of gold"

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Lemke, Kono. "Phase diagrams of gold-sulfur nanoclusters using atomistic simulations: shape, size and temperature effects." In Goldschmidt2021. France: European Association of Geochemistry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7185/gold2021.6830.

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Lemke, Kono. "Thermodynamics of Gold-Sulphide Clusters in Ore Vapors: Exploring Phase Diagrams of AumSnHx Nanoclusters Using Atomistic Simulations." In Goldschmidt2020. Geochemical Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46427/gold2020.1456.

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ZECEVIC, MILENA, DUSKO MINIC, and ALEKSANDAR DJORDJEVIC. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE TERNARY – NICKEL BASED ALLOYS." In IRASA International Scientific Conference, 132–45. IRASA – International Research Academy of Science and Art, 2024. https://doi.org/10.62982/seti06.mipr.09.

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This study presents the results of experimental test of the microstructure, hardness and electrical properties of the ternary Ni-based alloys. In the experimental part of the study, alloys of selected compositions were prepared and then examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry (EDS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), hardness measurements by Brinell method and electrical conductivity measurements. Extrapolated is isothermal section at 25 °C using optimized thermodynamic parameters from literature. The equilibrium phase diagram of the ternary systems was calculated using the Calphad method and the corresponding thermodynamic program (Pandat ver. 8.1). The results include calculated characteristic isothermal sections, structural characteristics, phase composition, mechanical properties and electrical conductivity for investigation ternary systems. Experimentally obtained results were compared with the results of thermodynamic calculation of phase diagrams. Good overall agreement between experimental and calculated values was obtained. Hardness and electrical conductivity properties were predicted in the whole composition range by using appropriated mathematical model. Key words: Microstructure, hardness properties, electrical conductivity, mathematical model.
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Toh, Chin Hock, Arun Raman, Thomas Fitzgerald, Madhuri Narkhede, Alfred A. La Mar, and Dennis Prem Kumar Chandran. "Effects of Thermal Lids Gold Plating Thickness on Thermal Interface Reliability for Flip Chip Packaging." In ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference collocated with the ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2007-33505.

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This paper summarizes the intermetallic compounds (IMC) formation at the interface between thermal interface material (TIM) and nickel/gold plated integrated heat spreader (IHS) at varying Au thickness, and its impact on thermal reliability. Indium solders due to their high thermal conductivity are commonly used as the TIM to dissipate heat from silicon die to the thermal lids for new generation microprocessors with higher operating die temperatures. Indium solders readily wet the Au plating on thermal lids to form IMC during soldering. Optimal Au thickness is essential; Au thickness should be thick enough for reliable soldering, but must also be thin enough to offset the high cost and to prevent formation of a brittle Au-rich IMC layer in the solder joint. AuIn2 is the preferred IMC for indium-gold soldering and does not embrittle the solder joint. Resulting IMC type depends on the Au:In ratio which can be predicted by a In-Au binary phase diagram. On this basis, critical Au plating thickness to form AuIn2 IMC can be estimated using the known density values for electroplated gold and indium. In this study, Au thicknesses ranging from 0.035 to 0.2μm with a fixed gold pad size were electrolytically plated on a nickel plated copper lid. Assembled units were then subjected to Temperature Cycling-B (TCB). An in-house developed metrology for measuring junction-to-case thermal impedance (Rjc) is described. In this study, varying the thermal lids Au-plating thickness between 0.035 to 0.2 μm only lead to slight increase in center and corner Rjc values through 115 cycles TCB. The maximum center Rjc degradation post thermal cycling observed was only ∼ 1.7% on the lids with Au pad thickness between 0.035 – 0.04 μm. There were also no clear indications of impact of Au pad thickness on center and corner Rjc performance at EOL or post 115 cycles TCB. Thermal lids/TIM interface integrity remains unchanged for the range of Au pad thickness considered. However, detailed scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy showed thicker Au plating results in greater incidence of AuIn2 IMC nodules beneath In-Ni-Au ternary IMC layer at end of line (EOL) ie post packaging and test. AuIn2 IMC is formed right after assembly and is what that holds the solder to the lid. As such, it follows that the presence of a more continuous and possibly greater number of AuIn2 IMC nodules can be expected to provide a better lid-solder joint at EOL.
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Korniyenko, Kostyantyn, and Lyudmila Kriklya. "Temperature–Composition Sections of the Hf–Rh–Ir System." In IXth INTERNATIONAL SAMSONOV CONFERENCE “MATERIALS SCIENCE OF REFRACTORY COMPOUNDS”. Frantsevich Ukrainian Materials Research Society, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.62564/m4-kk5542.

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Alloys of the Hf-Rh-Ir system are refractory materials similar to Ni-based superalloys with higher melting temperatures, low values of thermal expansion coefficients, good mechanical properties at high temperatures and oxidation resistance. Binary alloys based on HfRh3 or HfIr3 are proposed as thermal barrier coatings, on Hf2Rh — as hydrogen adsorbents. To develop high-temperature functional materials based on the Hf-Rh-Ir alloys, an understanding of phase equilibria in this system is essential. The alloys of the Hf-Rh-Ir system of 16 compositions are prepared from iodide processed Hf, Rh wire and refined Ir powder (purity of 99.98%, 99.97% and 99.97%, respectively) by arc melting. The alloys are investigated in as-cast and annealed at subsolidus temperatures states by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalysis, differential thermal analysis, melting points measurements (Pirani-Alterthum technique) and X-ray diffraction. Based on the results of the alloys studies, solidus surface of the Hf-Rh-Ir system [1] as well as liquidus surface, melting diagram and Scheil diagram are represented. Also the vertical temperature-composition sections of the system phase diagram by the ray Ir : Rh = 1 : 1, along the isopleths at 15,0 at.% Ir, 10,0 and 42,5 at.% Rh as well as at 30,0; 33,0 and 62,5 at.% Hf are constructed for the first time. These sections demonstrate characteristic peculiarities of phase equilibria in the system in particular temperature ranges of alloys crystallization and character of phase transformations. So, the vertical section by the ray Ir : Rh = 1 : 1 shows the influence of Hf on the phase equilibria character. It was established that liquidus and solidus curves of the continuous series of solid solutions between high-temperature modifications of HfRh and HfIr with CsCl-type structure decrease quite steeply (vertical sections by the ray Ir : Rh = 1 : 1 and along the isopleths at 15,0 at.% Ir and 10,0 at.% Rh).
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Ismail, Muhammad Hami Asmai, and Dmitry Tailakov. "Identification of Objects in Oilfield Infrastructure Using Engineering Diagram and Machine Learning Methods." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22467-ea.

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Extended Abstract A processing plant consists of huge number of equipment, which working together to achieve their designed function and target output. Each of the equipment (assets) need to be managed properly to ensure maximum uptime of the plant operation and avoid any unnecessary downtime. To properly manage plant assets, each of the equipment must be properly recorded in a Computerized Maintenance Management System (CMMS) for management and tracking. Normally, each equipment is referenced by their unique identifier called Tag, created during engineering design phase. Currently, in the industry the standard way of collecting equipment Tag is very manual, involving the visual screening of each page of as-built P&IDs and other drawings. Each identified Tags are then recorded in a database in a hierarchical manner (parent-child structure) and each of them will be assigned with appropriate classification according to the owner's standard. This current process is time consuming and labour intensive while AI could be implemented to solve this problem in the future. Thus, this study was initiated with the objective to implement computer vision and deep learning architectures to identify objects that appears on as-built engineering piping and instrumentation diagram (PID). The algorithm then tasked to classify objects detected according to ISO 14224 Equipment Classification, match it to the corrent Tag that appears in the same drawing and finally create parent-child structure between the objects identified. The long-term aim of this project to prove a hypothesis: a good pre-trained model of P&ID object detection can be achieved.
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Ribeiro Machado da Silva, Vinicius, Matheus Costa dos Santos, and Mario Alfredo Vignoles. "Lean Global Analysis of Marine Slender Structures With Machine Learning." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95147.

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Abstract The new age of oil and gas industry is being driven by cost effective solutions, aiming to provide cheaper, faster and better products/services. The industry 4.0 brings an opportunity to transform systems and processes to be more efficient, making use of digitalization and new technologies, including the use of artificial intelligence algorithms applied to engineering problems. In Brazilian offshore fields, the operating conditions for flexible riser applications (deep-water, mean wave frequencies, floating units and corrosive fluids) make the metallic layer’s fatigue failure mode one of the drivers in its design. In a daily basis, nonlinear dynamic finite element analysis uses regular wave scatter diagrams as an equivalent way to model the wave elevation, avoiding the time consuming irregular wave representation. The analysis performed with regular waves are faster but carries conservatisms with it. In a deep-water scenario, the wave height and period ranges of the wave scatter diagram can be refined to improve the fatigue results obtained, leading to a considerable increase in the total amount of wave classes that need to be evaluated. Great part of the wave classes has a very low participation in the total fatigue damage, spending an unnecessary time to analyze them. Helped by a robust design of simulation experiment (DoSE) and machine learning regressors, a lean representation of the regular wave scatter can be done, where some of them are simulated and the rest of the results can be accurately predicted. This paper presents the application of supervised learners that are used to predict riser fatigue damage at different riser locations, given partial simulations of a regular wave scatter diagram. The techniques support the strategy to reduce the total amount of fatigue analysis required within a project design phase. The focus stays on the evaluation of the fatigue of metallic layers at two main critical regions, bend stiffener and touch down zone. Hidden patterns inside each scatter diagram are discovered, minimizing the total number of finite element analysis (FEA) required. The amount of the wave class reduction starts from 50% going up to 75%, maintaining a good level of accuracy on the predicted damage values.
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Wartenberg, Nicolas, Dylan Blaizot, Matthieu Mascle, Aurélie Mouret, and David Rousseau. "Towards More Representative Workflows for Designing Robust Surfactant EOR Formulations." In SPE Improved Oil Recovery Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209361-ms.

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Abstract Designing robust EOR surfactant formulations implies performing a number of experiments related to the impact of variable parameters such as injection brine composition and reservoir temperature from near wellbore to in-depth zones. Performance evaluation assays are commonly employed in parametric studies, ahead of the time-consuming coreflood tests. Phase diagram in tubes and spinning drop tests are commonly used, but they do not easily allow deriving representative values of the o/w IFT and can lead to contradictory outcomes. In this work, we addressed the crucial question of the methods implemented to estimate the IFT in bulk tests and we investigated a model case where the robustness of a surfactant formulation was assessed versus temperature. In the first part, we compared, at optimal salinity, the IFT as classically evaluated by the Huh relationship in tubes to the IFT as determined in a spinning drop tensiometer between, respectively, the microemulsion and the water and oil phases in equilibrated and non-equilibrated situations. In the second part, we evaluated the robustness of a surfactant formulation in terms of IFT versus temperature variation by phase diagrams and spinning drop methods and performed simplified oil recovery coreflood tests, using the CAL-X high throughput device. Results showed that IFT discrepancies up to one order of magnitude exist between the Huh estimation and the spinning drop results as well as between the different strategies for determining the spinning drop IFT. Such discrepancies can be interpreted from a scientific point of view, but they highlight the need to discriminate between the IFT determination methods in view of representativeness regarding the actual oil recovery mechanisms in the reservoir. The tests campaign for the temperature robustness, performed in the 40-90°C temperature range, showed, again, discrepancies between the two bulk methods. Namely, Winsor III situation was observed from 60°C to 90°C in the phase diagrams with an optimum at 70°C whereas ultra-low IFT was observed only at 60°C in the spinning drop tests. The coreflood tests revealed that very good oil recoveries were achieved from 40°C to 90°C, with evidence of formation of oil banks leading to final oil saturation as low as 5% only from 60°C to 90°C. These outcomes suggest that, for cases where the various phases are clearly distinguishable in tubes, phase diagrams should be selected as preferred bulk assays. However, these tests provide only coarse estimates of the IFT, which makes performance prediction based on capillary desaturation curves challenging. For this reason, high throughput coreflood tests could also be included in surfactant formulation design workflows to better forecast for the formulation performances.
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Lolla, Tapasvi, John Siefert, Geoff West, and Mike Gagliano. "A Study of Sigma Phase Evolution in Long-Term Creep Tested Super 304H Samples." In AM-EPRI 2019, edited by J. Shingledecker and M. Takeyama. ASM International, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.am-epri-2019p0726.

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Abstract Due to their excellent high temperature oxidation resistance, utilities worldwide are adopting advanced austenitic stainless steels (A-ASS) for critical plant components, such as heat exchangers, as they aim to achieve higher operating conditions. However, challenges may be encountered in developing life assessment and life management strategies for such components. This is because conventional methods used for life assessment, such as measuring steam side oxide scale thickness in ferritic and conventional austenitic material to predict tube metal temperature, may not be successfully applied to A-ASS. In such instances, tracking the formation and evolution of microstructural features during service, may offer a possible method to predict the temperature of these steels. For such metallurgy based lifing strategy to be successful, it is essential to develop a good understanding of microstructure evolution in these steels. In this work one heat of Super 304H, that has been creep tested at 600°C, 650°C and 700°C, with applied stress ranging from 110 to 340 MPa, is characterized using a combination of advanced characterization tools and image analysis methods. The amount of sigma phase formed at the gauge and grip sections of the samples is quantified and the methodology used to quantify this phase is presented. From the results, a time-temperature-transformation diagram for sigma formation is developed.
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Fu, Kang, and Pei-Feng Hsu. "A Novel Periodic Boundary Condition Treatment in Electrodynamics Wave Interaction With Small Structures." In ASME 2007 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2007-42273.

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In the numerical study of the radiative properties of micro- and nano-structure devices, for example, the random roughness surfaces, grating surfaces, periodic photonic devices, the periodic boundary condition are frequently used to simulate device size much larger than the incident wavelength. Existing methods in handling the periodic boundary condition in the solution of the Maxwell’s equations are too limiting. A novel method is developed to efficiently treat such boundary conditions. The concept is not limited to any particular solution method of the Maxwell’s equations. The salient feature is to convert the phase difference between the corresponding boundaries from the time domain to frequency domain using a phasor diagram approach. The resulting electromagnetic field vector component equations at the boundaries are successfully tested in a finite-difference time-domain code at large angle of incidence, up to 80°, on a finite length, flat, and dielectric surface. The computed reflectivity is in good agreement with the analytical value calculated by Fresnel reflectivity.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Phase diagram of gold"

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Edgar, Alexander Steven, Justine H. Yang, and Dali Yang. Nitroplasticizer-water phase diagram. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1477598.

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Zhang, J. M., W. W. Chen, B. Dunn, and A. J. Ardell. Phase Diagram Studies of ZnS Systems. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada198983.

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Burakovsky, Leonid, Samuel Baty, and Dean Preston. Ab Initio Phase Diagram of Tungsten. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1739915.

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Anagnostopoulos, K. N., M. J. Bowick, and S. M. Catterall. The phase diagram of crystalline surfaces. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/176799.

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Ross, M. Phase diagram of Mo at high pressure and temperature. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/945864.

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Tarko, Andrew P., Jose Thomaz, and Mario Romero. Developing the Collision Diagram Builder: Phase II Corridor Edition. Purdue University, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317107.

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Flint, Rebecca. Exotic Kondo Phases: the non-Kramers Doniach phase diagram. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1825936.

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Burakovsky, Leonid, Shao-Ping Chen, Dean L. Preston, and Daniel G. Sheppard. IC W13_auptphase Highlight: Phase Diagram of Pt from Z Methodology. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1127486.

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Burakovsky, Leonid, and Dean Laverne Preston. IC W_molybdenum Highlight: Ab Initio Studies on the Phase Diagram of Mo. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1337065.

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Westfall, Gary. Study of the QCD Phase Diagram using STAR at RHIC - Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1339943.

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