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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Pharmaceutical services"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 1 серпня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Pharmaceutical services"

1

&NA;. "Pharmaceutical Services." Disease Management & Health Outcomes 2, no. 3 (September 1997): 156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00115677-199702030-00006.

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2

Bien, Timothy E. "Developing Innovative Pharmaceutical Services." Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management 8, no. 4 (January 1994): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/j058v08n04_08.

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3

Normand, Charles. "Cost of Pharmaceutical Services." PharmacoEconomics 2, no. 3 (September 1992): 246–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2165/00019053-199202030-00008.

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4

Bien, Timothy. "Developing Innovative Pharmaceutical Services." Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management 8, no. 4 (September 26, 1994): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j058v08n04_08.

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5

Harteker, Linda R. "Promoting Progressive Pharmaceutical Services." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 45, no. 4 (April 1, 1988): 774–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/45.4.774.

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6

McDonough, Randy P., Elizabeth S. Pithan, William R. Doucette, and Michael J. Brownlee. "Marketing Pharmaceutical Care Services." Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association (1996) 38, no. 6 (November 1998): 667–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1086-5802(16)30401-6.

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7

Quigley Jr, Charles J., and Frank G. Bingham Jr. "Thundermist Health Center: Extending Pharmaceutical Services To Underserved Patients." Journal of Business Case Studies (JBCS) 5, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jbcs.v5i2.4696.

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This paper describes a not-for-profit healthcare providers strategy to provide its economically disadvantaged patients with access to low cost pharmaceuticals. Initially, an in-house pharmacy was established, supported by a satellite distribution system using a telepharmacy solution to extend medications to its patients at remote sites. New federal legislation which provided access to low cost insurance through Medicare Part D to many of the providers disadvantaged patients, along with state licensing requirements forced the healthcare provider to reassess the economics of its pharmaceutical distribution system and seek other alternatives. Among the alternatives the healthcare provider considered was partnering with for-profit pharmaceutical companies in order to reach their patients.

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8

Pitterle, Michael E., C. A. Bond, and Cynthia L. Raehl. "Pharmaceutical-care index for measuring comprehensive pharmaceutical services." American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy 49, no. 9 (September 1, 1992): 2226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/49.9.2226.

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9

Joyce, George, and Charles W. Hubbard. "Consumer Patronage for Pharmaceutical Services." Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management 3, no. 1 (January 1988): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/j058v03n01_02.

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Joyce, George. "Consumer Patronage for Pharmaceutical Services." Journal of Pharmaceutical Marketing & Management 3, no. 1 (October 27, 1988): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j058v03n01_02.

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Дисертації з теми "Pharmaceutical services"

1

Crealey, Grainne. "Remuneration of community pharmaceutical services." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301733.

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2

Stern, Philip. "Patterns of pharmaceutical prescribing." Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.309363.

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3

Andersson, Karolina. "Swedish pharmaceutical benefit reforms : analyses of implementation, pharmaceutical sales patterns and expenditures /." Göteborg : Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at Göteborg University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/724.

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4

Thomas, Karen Anne. "The National Health Service contract for pharmaceutical services 1995 to 1998." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368471.

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5

Wuliji, Tana. "Factors influencing human resource development for pharmaceutical services." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522828.

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6

Begley, Susanne. "The establishment and evaluation of a domiciliary pharmaceutical service." Thesis, University of Brighton, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.282561.

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7

Burnett, Kathryn M. "The value of hospital based pharmaceutical audit." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322768.

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8

Bronkhorst, Elmien. "An Assessment of the need of pharmaceutical services in the intensive care unit and high care unit of Steve Biko Academic hospital." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1081.

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Thesis (MSc(Med)(Pharmacy)) -- University of Limpopo, 2012.
The role of the pharmacist has evolved over the last two decades beyond the traditional functions of dispensing and stock control. The focus has shifted toward patient-oriented functions, in which the pharmacist assumes responsibility for the patient’s drug- and healthcare needs as well as the outcome of treatment. The aim of this research was to assess the need for pharmaceutical care to the Surgical Intensive Care Unit of Steve Biko Hospital. The surgical and trauma ICU is a 12 bed unit to which the researcher rendered pharmaceutical care over an eight week period, from 14 February to 26 March 2011. Interventions to assess drug therapy and achieve definite outcomes to improve patients’ quality of life were documented for 51 study patients according to the system developed by the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (1992). Of the 51 patients, 35 were male and 16 were female. The age of the patients ranged from 12 years to 86 years, with most patients admitted to the unit in the age groups 21 to 30 years, and 51 to 60 years. The patients’ estimated weights ranged from 40kg to 120kg with older patients, from age 41 upwards, weighing more. The average stay in the unit was 8.7 days, with the minimum stay for one patient being only one day, and the maximum stay for one patient was 26 days. In the study, the HIV status of only 13 of the 51 patients was tested. Of the 13 patients, six were HIV positive, while seven tested negative. All the patients admitted to the unit were not tested for HIV, because they were not admitted to the unit for HIV-related causes, and test results would not have had an effect on their outcome. Diagnoses encountered most frequently in the unit were trauma (21 patients), skeletal involvement or fractures (16 patients), infections or sepsis (15 patients) and gastro-intestinal bleeds (14 patients). In most cases more than one diagnosis applied to the same patient, since patients admitted with trauma also had skeletal or gastro-intestinal involvement. An Assessment of the need of Pharmaceutical Services in the Intensive Care Unit and High Care Unit of Steve Biko Academic Hospital viii The medications prescribed most frequently were enoxaparin (49 patients), sucralfate (41 patients) and multivitamin syrup (47 patients); in accordance with the standard ward protocol for prophylactic regimens. The drug class most often used was the anti-infectiveshaving124 items prescribed during the study period. Of these, the broad spectrum antibiotics were used most frequently, e.g. piperacillin/tazobactam (22 patients), meropenem (11 patients) and imipenem (11 patients). An average of 12 medications was prescribed for each patient in the ward. A total of 181 interventions were suggested for the 51 patients during the study period, of which 127 (70%) were accepted and implemented by the medical and nursing staff. The average number of interventions per patient ranged from 0 to 13 with a median of 3.5 interventions per patient. The four most frequent problem types were untreated medical conditions (15.5%), length or course of therapy inappropriate (13.8%), investigations indicated or outstanding (12.2%) and prescribed doses and dosing frequency appropriate (11%). Interventions were also made regularly to address system errors or non-compliance and factors hindering achievement of therapeutic effect. The perceived need for pharmaceutical care by healthcare professionals in the SICU was measured by questionnaires before and after the study period. The feedback by staff regarding the pharmacist working in the ward was very positive. They appreciated the researchers input on ward rounds, as well as assistance with problems encountered with the pharmacy. Of the total time spent in the ward, the researcher spent 28% of her time on patient evaluation. Ward rounds also took up a great deal of time (21.7%), since ward rounds were done with different members of the multidisciplinary team. Most interventions were suggested during ward rounds. The costs saved during the study period were enough to justify the appointment of a pharmacist to the ward on a permanent basis, albeit for limited hours daily. The researcher designed an antibiotic protocol for the unit. The protocol was designed according to international standards, and after discussion with the microbiologists, adapted for use in the specific unit. An Assessment of the need of Pharmaceutical Services in the Intensive Care Unit and High Care Unit of Steve Biko Academic Hospital ix In conclusion, the study results have demonstrated that a pharmacist’s contribution to patient care at ward level in a surgical ICU resulted in clinical outcomes that improved the patient’s quality of life. Drug-related problems were identified and addressed. Medical staff in the S-ICU accepted the pharmacist’s interventions and even welcomed her contribution to other ward functions, for instance managing medication and providing education. Pharmaceutical care should be rendered on a permanent basis to the Surgical ICU and the pharmacist should increasingly become a key part of the multidisciplinary team, taking responsibility for patients’ medication needs.

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9

O'Hare, John D. G. "The development and function of pharmaceutical services in psychiatric hospital practice." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335450.

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10

Coopoosamy, Kribban. "An integrated maintenance management system model for the pharmaceutical industry." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1583.

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Organisations are continuously seeking for strategies to improve operations and gain competitive advantage. Maintenance tends to be a key management issue for many industrial companies. Maintenance management, being an integral part of manufacturing, can influence competitive companys‟ priorities, such as cost, quality and flexibility, and, hence, business strategy directly. The pharmaceutical industry also faces some unique challenges such as increasingly stringent safety and quality regulations, the effect of innovations in medical science and healthcare and a complex and costly design-to-market process (from product concept and development to market delivery). The industry is also going through turbulent times as it has to cope with challenges common to many other industries, how to deal with increasing competition, hold down costs, and expand. Regulatory compliance is one of the significant industry drivers for pharmaceutical companies. Regulations are enacted by government authorities to ensure public health and safety. The focus of regulation is on quality assurance and control in all areas such as receiving, manufacturing, storing, packaging, despatching and delivering. Apart from the required quality and safety checks, the regulations also mandate extensive record keeping of procedures, processes and systems. This treatise will investigate the maintenance management system of a pharmaceutical company and compare it to best practices. The true name of the pharmaceutical company that will be researched will not be disclosed for confidentiality reasons, instead it will be called My Pharmaceuticals. The company is based in Port Elizabeth. The research consists of a preliminary study to identify the problem areas in the maintenance management system within the company. A literature review of best practices in maintenance management systems combined with an investigation into the best pharmaceutical practices in maintenance management systems and regulatory controls are investigated and a model will be proposed to improve the current situation at the company.

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Книги з теми "Pharmaceutical services"

1

Great Britain. Department of Health and Social Security. and Great Britain Welsh Office, eds. Accommodation for pharmaceutical services. London: H.M.S.O., 1988.

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2

Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations., ed. Monitoring and evaluation: Pharmaceutical services. Chicago, Ill: Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 1987.

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3

South Carolina. State Health and Human Services Finance Commission., ed. Medicaid pharmaceutical services provider manual. Columbia, S.C: South Carolina State Health and Human Services Finance Commission, 1993.

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4

J, Cipolle Robert, Morley Peter C, and Cipolle Robert J, eds. Pharmaceutical care practice. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2012.

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5

L, Black Beverly, ed. Resource book on progressive pharmaceutical services. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, 1986.

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6

American Society of Hospital Pharmacists., ed. Resource book on progressive pharmaceutical services. 2nd ed. Bethesda, MD: American Society of Hospital Pharmacists, 1992.

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7

D, Hepler Charles, Knapp David A, and Brink Carla J. 1952-, eds. How to evaluate progressive pharmaceutical services. Bethesda, MD: ASHP Research and Education Foundation, 1987.

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8

1949-, Knowlton Calvin H., and Penna Richard P, eds. Pharmaceutical care. New York: Chapman & Hall, 1996.

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9

Bandow, Doug. Avoiding medicare's pharmaceutical trap. Washington, D.C: Cato Institute, 2005.

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10

Grabowski, Henry G. Health reform and pharmaceutical innovation. Washington, D.C: AEI Press, 1994.

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Частини книг з теми "Pharmaceutical services"

1

Fürst, Jurij. "Pharmaceutical Services in Slovenia." In International Drug Regulatory Mechanisms, 269–74. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003063858-14.

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2

Nahler, Gerhard. "health care services." In Dictionary of Pharmaceutical Medicine, 85. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-89836-9_635.

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3

Mohamed Ibrahim, Mohamed Izham. "Introduction to Pharmaceutical Health Services Research in LMICs." In Encyclopedia of Evidence in Pharmaceutical Public Health and Health Services Research in Pharmacy, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50247-8_35-1.

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4

Mohamed Ibrahim, Mohamed Izham. "Introduction to Pharmaceutical Health Services Research in LMICs." In Encyclopedia of Evidence in Pharmaceutical Public Health and Health Services Research in Pharmacy, 906–11. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64477-2_35.

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5

K. C., Bhuvan, and Susan Heydon. "Remote Healthcare Services." In Encyclopedia of Evidence in Pharmaceutical Public Health and Health Services Research in Pharmacy, 1–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50247-8_51-1.

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6

K. C., Bhuvan, and Susan Heydon. "Remote Healthcare Services." In Encyclopedia of Evidence in Pharmaceutical Public Health and Health Services Research in Pharmacy, 1227–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64477-2_51.

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7

Marinkovic, Valentina, Marina Odalovic, Ivana Tadic, Dusanka Krajnovic, Irina Mandic, and Heather L. Rogers. "Person-Centred Care Interventions in Pharmaceutical Care." In Intelligent Systems for Sustainable Person-Centered Healthcare, 53–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79353-1_4.

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AbstractThis chapter is divided into four sections. The first section introduces the concept of person-centred care within pharmaceutical care delivery and provides a historical context. The second section focuses on the professionals and explores the role of person-centred pharmaceutical care as part of multi-disciplinary health services delivery teams. The third section focuses on the patient and describes the role of health literacy in the implementation of person-centred pharmaceutical care. The last section examines E-pharmacy services and the implementation of telepharmacy with implications for person-centred care.

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8

Alves da Costa, Filipa. "Overview of Different Outpatient Pharmacist Care Services Being Paid Worldwide." In The Pharmacist Guide to Implementing Pharmaceutical Care, 455–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92576-9_37.

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Turshen, Meredeth. "Fighting for Good Health Services, Struggling with the Pharmaceutical Industry." In Women’s Health Movements, 113–47. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9467-6_4.

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Turshen, Meredeth. "Fighting for Good Health Services, Struggling with the Pharmaceutical Industry." In Women's Health Movements, 91–119. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230607125_4.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Pharmaceutical services"

1

Otair, Mohammed, Aiman Al-Refaei, and Bashar Saraireh. "A mobile portal for pharmaceutical services." In 2012 International Conference on Interactive Mobile and Computer Aided Learning (IMCL). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imcl.2012.6396462.

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2

Kuo, Daih-Huang, Kuan-Hung Sun, Chen-Ying Su, Cheng-Feng Tai, and Shih-Pang Tseng. "Smart drug kit development under pharmaceutical services." In 2015 International Conference on Orange Technologies (ICOT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icot.2015.7498488.

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3

Wegrzyn-Wolska, Katarzyna, Grzegorz Dziczkowski, and Lamine Bougueroua. "Linking the Drugs and Pharmaceutical Databases." In 2009 Fifth International Conference on Next Generation Web Services Practices (NWESP). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nwesp.2009.23.

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4

Chircu, Alina M., Eldar Sultanow, and Flavius C. Chircu. "Cloud Computing for Big Data Entrepreneurship in the Supply Chain: Using SAP HANA for Pharmaceutical Track-and-Trace Analytics." In 2014 IEEE World Congress on Services (SERVICES). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/services.2014.84.

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5

Ekasari, Ferti Dwi, and Adang Bachtiar. "Analysis of Waiting Time for Pharmaceutical Services Cempaka Putih Hospital." In The 5th International Conference on Public Health 2019. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/theicph.2019.04.42.

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Devliyal, Swati, Himanshu Rai Goyal, and Sachin Sharma. "Security Techniques in Cyber Physical System for Pharmaceutical Care Services." In 2023 IEEE International Conference on Contemporary Computing and Communications (InC4). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/inc457730.2023.10263156.

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7

Gunawan, Kendy, Ermi Girsang, Sri Lestari R. Nasution, and Chrismis Novalinda Ginting. "Patient Preferences on Decisions of Choosing Obgyn Polyclinic Services." In International Conference on Health Informatics, Medical, Biological Engineering, and Pharmaceutical. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010286600420050.

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Halim, Binarwan, Ermi Girsang, Sri Lestari R. Nasution, and Chrismis Novalinda Ginting. "Access Barriers of Infertility Services for Urban and Rural Patients." In International Conference on Health Informatics, Medical, Biological Engineering, and Pharmaceutical. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010291901490157.

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Tarigan, Happyria, Ermi Girsang, and Sri Lestari R. Nasution. "Identification of Parental Satisfaction Parameters to Re-utilize Outpatient Services." In International Conference on Health Informatics, Medical, Biological Engineering, and Pharmaceutical. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010296002290235.

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10

Ahmadi, Victoria, Sophia Benjelloun, Michel El Kik, Tanvi Sharma, Huihui Chi, and Wei Zhou. "Drug Governance: IoT-based Blockchain Implementation in the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain." In 2020 Sixth International Conference on Mobile And Secure Services (MobiSecServ). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mobisecserv48690.2020.9042950.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Pharmaceutical services"

1

Ruiz de Gauna, Itziar, Anil Markandya, Laura Onofri, Francisco (Patxi) Greño, Javier Warman, Norma Arce, Alejandra Navarrete, et al. Economic Valuation of the Ecosystem Services of the Mesoamerican Reef, and the Allocation and Distribution of these Values. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003289.

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Coral reefs are one of the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth. The Mesoamerican Reef contains the largest barrier reef in the Western Hemisphere. However, its health is threatened, so there is a need for a management and sustainable conservation. Key to this is knowing the economic value of the ecosystem. “Mainstreaming the value of natural capital into policy decision-making is vital” The value of environmental and natural resources reflects what society is willing to pay for a good or service or to conserve natural resources. Conventional economic approaches tended to view value only in terms of the willingness to pay for raw materials and physical products generated for human production and consumption (e.g. fish, mining materials, pharmaceutical products, etc.). As recognition of the potential negative impacts of human activity on the environment became more widespread, economists began to understand that people might also be willing to pay for other reasons beyond the own current use of the service (e.g. to protect coral reefs from degradation or to know that coral reefs will remain intact in the future). As a result of this debate, Total Economic Value (TEV) became the most widely used and commonly accepted framework for classifying economic benefits of ecosystems and for trying to integrate them into decision-making. This report estimates the economic value of the following goods and services provided by the MAR's coral reefs: Tourism & Recreation, Fisheries, Shoreline protection. To our knowledge, the inclusion of non-use values in the economic valuation of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System is novel, which makes the study more comprehensive.

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2

Pramanik, Avijit, Olorunsola Praise Kolawole, Kaelin Gates, Sanchita Kundu, Manoj Shukla, Robert Moser, Mine Ucak-Astarlioglu, Ahmed Al-Ostaz, and Paresh Chandra Ray. 2D fluorinated graphene oxide (FGO)-polyethyleneimine (PEI) based 3D porous nanoplatform for effective removal of forever toxic chemicals, pharmaceutical toxins, and waterborne pathogens from environmental water samples. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), February 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/48232.

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Although water is essential for life, as per the United Nations, around 2 billion people in this world lack access to safely managed drinking water services at home. Herein we report the development of a two-dimensional (2D) fluorinated graphene oxide (FGO) and polyethylenimine (PEI) based three-dimensional (3D) porous nanoplatform for the effective removal of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), pharmaceutical toxins, and waterborne pathogens from contaminated water. Experimental data show that the FGO-PEI based nanoplatform has an estimated adsorption capacity (𝘲ₘ) of ∼219 mg g⁻¹ for perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) and can be used for 99% removal of several short- and long-chain PFAS. A comparative PFNA capturing study using different types of nanoplatforms indicates that the 𝘲ₘ value is in the order FGO-PEI > FGO > GO-PEI, which indicates that fluorophilic, electrostatic, and hydrophobic interactions play important roles for the removal of PFAS. Reported data show that the FGO-PEI based nanoplatform has a capability for 100% removal of moxifloxacin antibiotics with an estimated 𝘲ₘ of ∼299 mg g⁻¹. Furthermore, because the pore size of the nanoplatform is much smaller than the size of pathogens, it has a capability for 100% removal of Salmonella and Escherichia coli from water. Moreover, reported data show around 96% removal of PFAS, pharmaceutical toxins, and pathogens simultaneously from spiked river, lake, and tap water samples using the nanoplatform.

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Young, Matthew M. Proposed Methods For Estimating Costs Of Mental Health In Canada (2007-2020). Greo Evidence Insights, November 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33684/2023.002.

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This report presents the results of an investigation by Greo Evidence Insights into how Canadian mental health (MH) costs could be estimated. It begins by conducting a review of studies estimating the costs of MH in Canada since 2010 and examines the various approaches employed. Based on this analysis the next section makes recommendations regarding cost types to include, the granularity of the estimates, and the approach to missing/ incomplete data. The report then recommends a phased approach to estimating the cost of mental health: Phase I describes in detail the data sources and methods to estimate public, direct health care costs associated with general and psychiatric MH-related hospitalizations and emergency room visits and non-hospital-based interventions (i.e., physician costs, pharmaceutical costs, community MH services). Phase II describes methods for estimating social and income support payments and indirect costs. Finally, Phase III describes data sources and methods for estimating private health and lost productivity costs.

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Wang, Yilan, Sijing Zhao, Zherui Shen, Zhenxing Wang, and Fei Wang. Combination of Jinshuibao Capsules and Conventional Pharmaceutical Treatments for Patients with Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.10.0117.

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Review question / Objective: Jinshuibao capsules are derived from Cordyceps, and they have been widely used in the treatment of different diseases. They have also been utilized in the treatment of respiratory diseases, while their effects on patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have remained elusive. The present study aimed to compare the efficacy of Jinshuibao capsules plus conventional pharmaceutical treatments (CPT) versus CPT alone for patients with stable COPD. Information sources: It was attempted to conduct a systematic review and a meta-analysis based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. In addition, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP Information Resource Integration Service Platform (CQVIP), and China Biomedicine (SinoMed) databases were searched from inception until September 30, 2021. Google Scholar and the China Clinical Trial Registry were also searched for retrieving missing data. In emergency conditions, we contacted the corresponding authors of retrieved studies for collection of additional data.

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Hajarizadeh, Behzad, Jennifer MacLachlan, Benjamin Cowie, and Gregory J. Dore. Population-level interventions to improve the health outcomes of people living with hepatitis B: an Evidence Check brokered by the Sax Institute for the NSW Ministry of Health, 2022. The Sax Institute, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/pxwj3682.

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Background An estimated 292 million people are living with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection globally, including 223,000 people in Australia. HBV diagnosis and linkage of people living with HBV to clinical care is suboptimal in Australia, with 27% of people living with HBV undiagnosed and 77% not receiving regular HBV clinical care. This systematic review aimed to characterize population-level interventions implemented to enhance all components of HBV care cascade and analyse the effectiveness of interventions. Review questions Question 1: What population-level interventions, programs or policy approaches have been shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B; and that may not yet be fully rolled out or evaluated in Australia demonstrate early effectiveness, or promise, in reducing the incidence of hepatitis B? Question 2: What population-level interventions and/or programs are effective at reducing disease burden for people in the community with hepatitis B? Methods Four bibliographic databases and 21 grey literature sources were searched. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the study population included people with or at risk of chronic HBV, and the study conducted a population-level interventions to decrease HBV incidence or disease burden or to enhance any components of HBV care cascade (i.e., diagnosis, linkage to care, treatment initiation, adherence to clinical care), or HBV vaccination coverage. Studies published in the past 10 years (since January 2012), with or without comparison groups were eligible for inclusion. Studies conducting an HBV screening intervention were eligible if they reported proportion of people participating in screening, proportion of newly diagnosed HBV (participant was unaware of their HBV status), proportion of people received HBV vaccination following screening, or proportion of participants diagnosed with chronic HBV infection who were linked to HBV clinical care. Studies were excluded if study population was less than 20 participants, intervention included a pharmaceutical intervention or a hospital-based intervention, or study was implemented in limited clinical services. The records were initially screened by title and abstract. The full texts of potentially eligible records were reviewed, and eligible studies were selected for inclusion. For each study included in analysis, the study outcome and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated. For studies including a comparison group, odds ratio (OR) and corresponding 95%CIs were calculated. Random effect meta-analysis models were used to calculate the pooled study outcome estimates. Stratified analyses were conducted by study setting, study population, and intervention-specific characteristics. Key findings A total of 61 studies were included in the analysis. A large majority of studies (study n=48, 79%) included single-arm studies with no concurrent control, with seven (12%) randomised controlled trials, and six (10%) non-randomised controlled studies. A total of 109 interventions were evaluated in 61 included studies. On-site or outreach HBV screening and linkage to HBV clinical care coordination were the most frequent interventions, conducted in 27 and 26 studies, respectively. Question 1 We found no studies reporting HBV incidence as the study outcome. One study conducted in remote area demonstrated that an intervention including education of pregnant women and training village health volunteers enhanced coverage of HBV birth dose vaccination (93% post-intervention, vs. 81% pre-intervention), but no data of HBV incidence among infants were reported. Question 2 Study outcomes most relevant to the HBV burden for people in the community with HBV included, HBV diagnosis, linkage to HBV care, and HBV vaccination coverage. Among randomised controlled trials aimed at enhancing HBV screening, a meta-analysis was conducted including three studies which implemented an intervention including community face-to-face education focused on HBV and/or liver cancer among migrants from high HBV prevalence areas. This analysis demonstrated a significantly higher HBV testing uptake in intervention groups with the likelihood of HBV testing 3.6 times higher among those participating in education programs compared to the control groups (OR: 3.62, 95% CI 2.72, 4.88). In another analysis, including 25 studies evaluating an intervention to enhance HBV screening, a pooled estimate of 66% of participants received HBV testing following the study intervention (95%CI: 58-75%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 17-98%; I-square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV screening strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing participants with on-site HBV testing, the proportion receiving HBV testing (80%, 95%CI: 72-87%) was significantly higher compared to the studies referring participants to an external site for HBV testing (54%, 95%CI: 37-71%). In the studies implementing an intervention to enhance linkage of people diagnosed with HBV infection to clinical care, the interventions included different components and varied across studies. The most common component was post-test counselling followed by assistance with scheduling clinical appointments, conducted in 52% and 38% of the studies, respectively. In meta-analysis, a pooled estimate of 73% of people with HBV infection were linked to HBV clinical care (95%CI: 64-81%), with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 28-100%; I-square: 99.2%). A stratified analysis by study population demonstrated that in the studies among general population in high prevalence countries, 94% of people (95%CI: 88-100%) who received the study intervention were linked to care, significantly higher than 72% (95%CI: 61-83%) in studies among migrants from high prevalence area living in a country with low prevalence. In 19 studies, HBV vaccination uptake was assessed after an intervention, among which one study assessed birth dose vaccination among infants, one study assessed vaccination in elementary school children and 17 studies assessed vaccination in adults. Among studies assessing adult vaccination, a pooled estimate of 38% (95%CI: 21-56%) of people initiated vaccination, with high heterogeneity across studies (range: 0.5-93%; I square: 99.9%). A stratified analysis by HBV vaccination strategy demonstrated that in the studies providing on-site vaccination, the uptake was 78% (95%CI: 62-94%), significantly higher compared to 27% (95%CI: 13-42%) in studies referring participants to an external site for vaccination. Conclusion This systematic review identified a wide variety of interventions, mostly multi-component interventions, to enhance HBV screening, linkage to HBV clinical care, and HBV vaccination coverage. High heterogeneity was observed in effectiveness of interventions in all three domains of screening, linkage to care, and vaccination. Strategies identified to boost the effectiveness of interventions included providing on-site HBV testing and vaccination (versus referral for testing and vaccination) and including community education focussed on HBV or liver cancer in an HBV screening program. Further studies are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of more novel interventions (e.g., point of care testing) and interventions specifically including Indigenous populations, people who inject drugs, men who have sex with men, and people incarcerated.

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A guide to a unitary flexible algorithm for managing changes in the rules of registration and examination of medicines within the EAEU. SIB-Expertise, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/er0819.12072024.

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The guide to the algorithm is a body of knowledge on the procedure for solving problems of managing changes in the rules for registration and examination of medicinal products for medical use within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU Rules) based on the accelerated implementation methodology AIM (Accelerated Implementation Methodology). The manual is not a conceptual constant of action, but serves as the basis on which each organization involved in the creation and implementation of changes to the EAEU Rules can use certain functions, life cycle stages, tools, methods, templates necessary for management. The algorithm under consideration is built on the basis of a unitary change management system and has a flexible three-level structure, consisting of preparatory, main and final blocks. The algorithm allows not only to optimize the change management system, but also to accelerate their development and implementation in pharmaceutical practice. The algorithm is focused on participants in the registration and examination of medicines within the EAEU, and is intended for manufacturers and consumers of services for registration of medicines. Some of its elements can also be used in managing changes in medical and pharmaceutical organizations, as well as in various regulatory legal acts.

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