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Статті в журналах з теми "Pesticides Safety measures"
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Koirala, P., S. Dhakal, and A. S. Tamrakar. "Pesticide Application and Food Safety Issue in Nepal." Journal of Agriculture and Environment 10 (August 12, 2009): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v10i0.2137.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It has been increasing pest population including weeds, invasive species, insects and insect vectors and plant diseases, which lead to increase pesticides on crop production. Some of the pesticides also contribute to global warming and the depletion of the ozone layer. Pesticides are the potential health hazards which have drawn attention to everyone. The current practice adopted in pesticides control in Nepal appears not enough in line with food safety. This has created a promising threat in food safety and human health. In turn, global warming is also likely to increase pesticide use and degrade food safety situation. Necessary measures should be adopted to curb upcoming alarming situation in food safety.Key words: Food safety; Global warming; Pesticides; NepalThe Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:10, Jun.2009 Page: 128-132
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Nguemo, Charlie C., Margaret Tita, and Mosaad A. Abdel-Wahhab. "Pesticide knowledge and safety practices in farm workers from Tubah Sub-Division, North West Region, Cameroon." International Journal of Halal Research 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2019): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18517/ijhr.1.1.39-47.2019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aimed to evaluate the safety measures practiced by farmers with use of pesticides in Tubah Sub-Division. The data gathered would be useful for drafting policies related to use of pesticides to reduce its effects on human health and the environment. This survey was carried out in November 2016 in Tubah Sub-Division, Mezam Division of the North West region of Cameroon. A structured questionnaire was administered to 120 homesteads of the study area. The results revealed that 94.2% of the farmers were untrained in pesticide safety measures, 30.8% did not observe any safety interval before consuming freshly treated crops and 25.8% did not read instructions on pesticide labels before handling. Fifty five percent of the farmers did not use any protective equipment, 79.2% practiced careless pesticide disposal, 13.3% stored pesticides in stores and 7.5% stored pesticides inside their houses. Eighty percent of the families stored their crops via hanging in the house and smoking the crops, while 10.8% stored their crops in sealed bins. Water washing followed by removing the outer cover was applied as a crop cleaning procedure prior to cooking or consumption. Major symptoms such as headache, wheezing, dizziness and skin problems were observed in the homesteads. Some environmental changes observed after application of pesticides were damage of non-target plants and disappearance of insects. It could be concluded that in Bambili, farmers lacked proper knowledge regarding safe handling and use of pesticides and the adverse effects of improper pesticide use to human health and the environment.
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Shehu, Halima, F. A. Mohammed, and R. M. Mohammed. "Analysis of Cowpea Farmers’ Awareness on Pesticide Usage and Safety Measures in Magumeri Local Government Area, Borno State, Nigeria." JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 7, no. 2 (November 28, 2021): 32–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.56160/jaeess202172004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study analysed the awareness of cowpea farmers on pesticide use and safety measures in Magumeri Local Government Area of Borno State, Nigeria. A total of 86 cowpea farmers were selected for the study using a multi-stage sampling procedure. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. Findings from the study revealed that majority (74.4%) of the respondents do not read instructions on the pesticide label before applying to their cowpea farm. The least (27.3%) who read, do not comprehend the information on the label. About 34% of the respondents neither contact extension officers nor others for clarification and usage. The results further revealed that majority (81.4%) of the respondents were not aware of the negative impacts on human’s health, 90.7% of the respondents were also not aware of the effects of excessive usage on agricultural produce and 74.4% of the respondents were not aware either of the effect of the pesticides on land and the environment. About 49.0% of the respondents adopted no protective measures, 59.2% of respondents do not take bath after pesticide application. The findings further revealed that majority (82.6%) do not read the producer guide before pesticide application. The study deduced that majority of the cowpea farmers lack awareness on pesticides toxicity, application procedure and good management practice. The study therefore recommends that farmers should be educated and be encouraged to comply with precautions regarding pesticides usage and safety measures when handling pesticides for sustainable land use and productivity.
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Ngegba, Patrick Maada, Gaofeng Cui, Muhammad Zaryab Khalid, and Guohua Zhong. "Use of Botanical Pesticides in Agriculture as an Alternative to Synthetic Pesticides." Agriculture 12, no. 5 (April 24, 2022): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12050600.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pest management is being confronted with immense economic and environmental issues worldwide because of massive utilization and over-reliance on pesticides. The non-target toxicity, residual consequence, and challenging biodegradability of these synthetic pesticides have become a serious concern, which urgently requires the alternative and prompt adoption of sustainable and cost-effective pest control measures. Increasing attention in environmental safety has triggered interest in pest control approaches through eco-friendly plant-based pesticides. Botanical pesticidal constituents are effective against myriads of destructive pests and diseases. More importantly, they are widely available, inexpensive, accessible, rapidly biodegradable, and have little toxicity to beneficiary agents. The phytochemical compositions in diverse plant species are responsible for their varying mechanisms of action against pests and diseases. However, difficulties in their formulation and insufficient appropriate chemical data have led to a low level of acceptance and adoption globally. Therefore, the review seeks to highlight the status, phytochemical compositions, insecticidal mechanisms, and challenges of plant-based pesticide usage in sustainable agricultural production.
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Ben Khadda, Zineb, Mustapha Fagroud, Yahya El Karmoudi, Said Ezrari, Imane Berni, Marc De Broe, Tapan Behl, Simona Gabriela Bungau, and Tarik Sqalli Houssaini. "Farmers’ Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions Regarding Carcinogenic Pesticides in Fez Meknes Region (Morocco)." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 20 (October 16, 2021): 10879. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182010879.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pesticides play an important role in the improvement of agricultural production, but their use may result in adverse effects on the environment, consumers, and farmers’ health. As there are limited data focusing on the factors influencing safety behavior toward pesticide use in Morocco, we conducted a cross-sectional survey in 15 rural communities of Morocco’s Fes Meknes region to assess the attitudes, knowledge, and practices regarding pesticide use. A structured questionnaire was completed, containing the data of the interviewed farmers, their behavior towards safety measures, the type of active ingredient used, as well as the perception of risks to their own health following exposure to pesticides by the existence of chronic, self-perceived symptoms. Non-probability (empirical) sampling with the quota method was carried out, which consists of constructing the sample. Results showed that most respondents have not been trained in the application of pesticides, with almost half of the farmers using a category of pesticides which are classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as probable human carcinogenic (i.e., Glyphosate, Malathion). In terms of pesticide storage, 40% of farmers said that they did not store pesticides in a separate room after purchasing or using them. The empty containers were buried or burnt by half of the responders, while the remainder were thrown at the edge of fields or in public dumps. Although the participants were aware of the negative effects on their own health and on the environment caused by the application of pesticides in use, the protection measures by individual equipment were insufficient. A canonical analysis indicates that these behaviors were influenced by the farming experience, the benefit of the agricultural council services, the follow-up of training, and the education level. These variables are important factors in explaining and understanding the dangers to both the environment and health caused by pesticides. The most recorded likely consequences of pesticide exposure were visual impairment (46%), followed by dizziness (44.3%), headache (39.4%), and excessive sweating (34.4%), and 30.2% of participants identified consequent respiratory problems. Extension services targeted at safety and protection measures should be developed and accompanied by educational programs to put farmers’ perceptions into practice and encourage them to adopt healthy and environmentally friendly behaviors.
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Afshari, Maryam, Jalal Poorolajal, Forouzan Rezapur-Shahkolai, Mohammad Javad Assari, and Akram Karimi-Shahanjarini. "Which Factors Influence Farmers’ Use of Protective Measures During Pesticides Exposure?" Workplace Health & Safety 67, no. 7 (March 3, 2019): 338–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2165079919827042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Farmers in developing countries use harmful pesticides while taking few or no protective measures. There is limited evidence on factors affecting their safety measures. The objective of this study was to identify the underlying factors influencing farmers’ protective behaviors (PBs) and use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the exposure to pesticides. From April to August 2017, a descriptive study was conducted in Twiserkan County in western Iran among 474 farmers from 104 villages. A questionnaire was developed to measure demographic characteristics and factors suggested in integrated agent-centered (IAC) framework. The questionnaire was validated in terms of content validity through expert reviews and tested for reliability in a group of farmers. Data were collected by face-to-face interviews with farmers. Physiological arousal (β = .154, p < .05), intention (β = .345, p < .05), habit (β = .188, p < .05), and contextual factors (β = .101, p < .05) had a significant and positive impact on farmers engaging in pesticide PBs. Among the assessed factors, only physiological arousal (β = .122, p < .05) and habit (β = .646, p < .05) were found to have a significant and positive effect on the use of PPE, but the intention (β = –.039, p > .05) and contextual factors (β = –.009, p > .05) had no significant relation with the use of PPE. The results of this study identified determinants of farmers’ safety measures. Our results suggest that the IAC framework could serve as a guide to developing a more effective intervention for safety measures of Iranian farmers.
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Tudi, Muyesaier, Hairong Li, Hongying Li, Li Wang, Jia Lyu, Linsheng Yang, Shuangmei Tong, et al. "Exposure Routes and Health Risks Associated with Pesticide Application." Toxics 10, no. 6 (June 19, 2022): 335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxics10060335.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pesticides play an important role in agricultural development. However, pesticide application can result in both acute and chronic human toxicities, and the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and human health remain a serious problem. There is therefore a need to discuss the application methods for pesticides, the routes of pesticide exposure, and the health risks posed by pesticide application. The health problems related to pesticide application and exposure in developing countries are of particular concern. The purpose of this paper is to provide scientific information for policymakers in order to allow the development of proper pesticide application technics and methods to minimize pesticide exposure and the adverse health effects on both applicators and communities. Studies indicate that there are four main pesticide application methods, including hydraulic spraying, backpack spraying, basal trunk spraying, and aerial spraying. Pesticide application methods are mainly selected by considering the habits of target pests, the characteristics of target sites, and the properties of pesticides. Humans are directly exposed to pesticides in occupational, agricultural, and household activities and are indirectly exposed to pesticides via environmental media, including air, water, soil, and food. Human exposure to pesticides occurs mainly through dermal, oral, and respiratory routes. People who are directly and/or indirectly exposed to pesticides may contract acute toxicity effects and chronic diseases. Although no segment of the general population is completely protected against exposure to pesticides and their potentially serious health effects, a disproportionate burden is shouldered by people in developing countries. Both deterministic and probabilistic human health risk assessments have their advantages and disadvantages and both types of methods should be comprehensively implemented in research on exposure and human health risk assessment. Equipment for appropriate pesticide application is important for application efficiency to minimize the loss of spray solution as well as reduce pesticide residuals in the environment and adverse human health effects due to over-spraying and residues. Policymakers should implement various useful measures, such as integrated pest management (IPM) laws that prohibit the use of pesticides with high risks and the development of a national implementation plan (NIP) to reduce the adverse effects of pesticides on the environment and on human health.
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Mazlan, Norida, Mohammed Ahmed, Farrah Melissa Muharam, and Md Amirul Alam. "Status of persistent organic pesticide residues in water and food and their effects on environment and farmers: a comprehensive review in Nigeria." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 4 (August 4, 2017): 2221. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n4p2221.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Pesticide helps to enhance agricultural production, however, it significantly affect both socio and environmental entities of a country. In Nigeria, pesticide is widely used, thus its traces have been detected in water, soil and air. Several studies have already indicated that most of the environmental ecology (air, water, and soil) in Nigeria has been contaminated by persistent organic pesticides like organochlorine and organophosphate. Other reasons of high pesticide residues present in Nigeria environment is due to inappropriate dosage applied of pesticides that leaves behind excess. However, its residues are found above safety levels in the air, water, and soil across the nation. Based on previous analysis, it is indicated that 125,000-130,000 metric ton pesticides are being applied annually in Nigeria. Despite banned of some pesticides such as dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane- and -Hexachlorocyclohexane, they are still being used by farmers in their agricultural production. Many of the Class 1 (high extremely toxic) pesticides are still being used in developing countries like Nigeria. Hence, there is need to sensitize and educate the general public especially the end-users (farmers) particularly on management practices of pesticides. Considering these entire hazardous situations, in this article the history of pesticide used in Nigeria has been reviewed in detail. The article also discussed the effects of pesticide use in Nigerian waters, soil and on crops. The risk of residual pesticide on agricultural workers, pesticide residue risk preventive measures by the Federal Government of Nigeria, banned and restricted pesticides in Nigeria, Nigerian Government and its efforts to eliminate persistent organic pesticides in use are also reviewed in details.
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Ali, Intezar, Syed Ziaur Rahman, Ayesha Qamar, and Mohd Shahzaib Khan. "Survey-Based Study on Farmers’ Knowledge and Pattern of Using Insecticide on Different Crops in Aligarh District of Uttar Pradesh, India." International Journal of Human and Health Sciences (IJHHS) 6, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.31344/ijhhs.v6i2.445.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: Agrochemicals can play a significant role in enhancing post-harvest crop productivity and protection. But over the years, there’s growing concern about the inaccurate use of pesticides in agriculture.Objective: To assess knowledge of farmers about pest management, perceptions of the kind and frequencies as well as severity of pests and disease, sources of information, awareness of farmers and safety measures followed during pesticide application.Methods: A random survey was conducted employing a standard structured questionnaire among 100 farmers in Wheat, Mustard and Paddy cultivating areas across the ten villages of Aligarh district, Uttar Pradesh, India.Results: Most ordinarily used pesticides applied by the farmers on different crops were Malathion, Cypermethrin and Chlorpyriphos. It was also observed during the survey that most of the farmers stored the pesticide bottles at safe places and the remaining in unsafe areas with no safety measures. It was found that no farmer was familiar even with Government Central Insecticides Board and Registration Committee (CIBRC)’s roles and guidelines about the use of labeled and unlabelled pesticide application. However, most of the farmers were mainly dependent by the recommendation of pesticide dealers.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 06 No. 02 April’22 Page: 193-199
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Santaweesuk, Sapsatree, Paisit Boonyakawee, and Wattasit Siriwong. "Knowledge, attitude and practice of pesticide use and serum cholinesterase levels among rice farmers in Nakhon Nayok Province, Thailand." Journal of Health Research 34, no. 5 (June 18, 2020): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhr-09-2019-0204.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
PurposeThe study purposes were to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice of pesticide use and to determine the levels of serum cholinesterase among rice farmers in Nakhon Nayok province, Thailand.Design/methodology/approachA cross-sectional study was carried out in communities in Nakhon Nayok Province, Thailand. Multistage random sampling was employed, selecting one person per each rice farmer household. Data was collected from 188 rice farmers using a structured face-to-face interview questionnaire. A reactive-paper finger-blood test was used to determine SChE levels. Chi-square test was used to determine the relationship between the practice of pesticide use and SChE levels.FindingsThe results indicated that the rice farmers had a fairly good knowledge and a neutral attitude toward the practice of pesticide use. Most of the respondents had a fairly proper practice of pesticide use. However, serum cholinesterase levels of the farmers were unsafe and risky. It signified that 68.1% of the farmers had a health risk from using pesticides. The prevalence of abnormal SChE levels among rice farmers with improper use was significantly higher than that among rice farmers who had a proper use.Research limitations/implicationsThe result provided a guideline for operational planning and control and prevention of health effects from pesticides use in farmers or other agriculturists who use pesticides in cultivation.Practical implicationsConcerned local agencies especially health-related agencies are able to conduct a training to educate and build safety awareness including monitoring continuously the safety behaviors toward pesticides use. It can be implemented by establishing leaders from health promoting hospitals led by village health volunteers, community leaders and participation from farmers to collaboratively monitor proper use of pesticides beginning with health surveillance in the abnormal SChE group to be screened for pesticide exposure every six months or one year.Social implicationsFarmers gained knowledge and understanding of pesticides use and used it properly, which resulted in a reduction of pesticide residues in body as well as in the environment. In addition, the government policy should legislate measures for related agencies to promote proper use of pesticides. For instance, Department of Agriculture, Minister of Agriculture and Cooperatives should regularly supervise, monitor and inspect the production and distribution of pesticides in local shops and also systematically encourage agriculturists to adopt using pesticides that are less harmful.Originality/valueHaving knowledge, understanding and proper practices toward pesticides use, farmers can reduce health effects of pesticides use in themselves and family members.
Дисертації з теми "Pesticides Safety measures"
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Gadbury, Calvin J. "Measure the efficacy of Indiana's private pesticide applicator certification program on private pesticide applicator's attitudes toward methods of limiting pesticide exposures." Virtual Press, 2001. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1221288.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this study was to assess whether Indiana's private applicator training program affects private pesticide applicators' attitudes toward personal safety. The theoretical framework for this study was Ajzen and Fishbein's Theory of Reasoned Action. The sample was created by recruiting the enrollees participating in four private applicator training sessions selected at random. Sixty private pesticide applicators participated in a year long longitudinal study. Results revealed no significant improvement in positive attitudes toward pesticide safety was noted as a result of training. However, differences in attitudes toward pesticide safety were observed among selected demographic groups. Attitudes were most positive ten months after training indicating factors other than training were affective in developing positive attitudes toward pesticide safety. Selected factors other than training are discussed in relationship to attitude development.Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management
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Kamlang-ek, Venika. "An assessment of the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior regarding pesticide application of Thai orchid nursery workers." Thesis, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/10247.
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Kareem, Fatima Olanike. "Essays on the Implications of European Union Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures and Technical Barriers to Trade on African Exports." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0023-3E62-4.
Повний текст джерелаКниги з теми "Pesticides Safety measures"
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Cessna, Allan J. Pesticide safety. Ottawa: Agriculture Canada, 1988.
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Ramsay, Carol A. Pesticides: Learning about labels. [Pullman]: Cooperative Extension, Washington State University, 1999.
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Thomasson, Gary L. Safe disposal of home use pesticides. Pullman, [Wash.]: Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, Washington State University, 1986.
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Thomasson, Gary L. Using pesticides safely in the home and yard. [Pullman? Wash.]: Cooperative Extension, Washington State University, 1994.
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Zavala, Melanie. Guia ilustrada para el uso seguro de pesticidas. Corvallis, Or: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1994.
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Foss, Carrie R. Pesticides: Safe handling. [Pullman, Wash.]: Cooperative Extension, Washington State University, 1999.
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Agrochemical and pesticide safety handbook. Boca Raton: Lewis Publishers, 1998.
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Pinto, Lawrence J. Pest control technician safety manual. Mechanicsville, Md. (29839 Oak Rd., Mechanicsville 20659): Pinto & Associates, 2000.
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Food & Rural Affairs Great Britain. Department for Environment. Pesticides: Code of practice for using plant protection products. London]: Dept. for Environment, Food, and Rural Affairs, 2006.
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Symons, Roy. Pesticide operator. Helena]: Montana Dept. of Highways, Maintenance and Equipment Division, 1988.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Pesticides Safety measures"
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Nwaogu, Chukwudi. "Improving Food Security by Adapting and Mitigating Climate Change-Induced Crop Pest: The Novelty of Plant-Organic Sludge in Southern Nigeria." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1659–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_135.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractClimate change is a global issue threatening food security, environmental safety, and human health in tropical and developing countries where people depend mainly on agriculture for their livelihood. Nigeria ranks among the top in the global yam production. It has the largest population in Africa and has been able to secure food for its growing population through food crops especially yam. Unfortunately, the recent increase in termites’ colonies due to climate change threatens yam yield. Besides harming man and environment, pesticides are expensive and not easily accessible to control the pests. This prompted a study which aimed at applying a biotrado-cultural approach in controlling the termites, as well as improving soil chemical properties and yam production. The study hypothesized that Chromolaena odorata and Elaeis guineensis sludge improved soil nutrient and yam yield and consequently decreased termites’ outbreak. In a randomized design experiment of five blocks and five replicates, five different treatments including unmanaged (UM), Vernonia amygdalina (VA), Chromolaena odorata (CO), Elaeis guineensis (EG) liquid sludge, and fipronil (FP) were applied in termites-infested agricultural soil. Data were collected and measured on the responses of soil chemical properties, termites, and yam yield to treatments using one-way ANOVA, regression, and multivariate analyses. The result showed that Chromolaena odorata (CO) and EG treatments were the best treatments for controlling termites and increase yam production. Termites were successfully controlled in VA and FP treatments, but the control was not commensurate with yam production. The experiment needs to be extended to other locations in the study region. It also requires an intensive and long-term investigation in order to thoroughly understand (i) the influence of climate change on the termites’ outbreak, (ii) the extent of termite damage to the crops, (iii) the impacts of climate change and variability on yam yields, (iii) the agricultural and economic benefits of the applied treatments, and (iv) the ecological and human health safety of the treatments.
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Tarannum, Nazia, Meenakshi Singh, and Ranjit Hawaldar. "Pesticides as an Occupational Hazard Facts and Figures." In Research Anthology on Changing Dynamics of Diversity and Safety in the Workforce, 2041–54. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-2405-6.ch102.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The chapter gives insight into the harmful use of pesticides in different professional environments. It portrays the use of pesticides as the potential risks to the health of users and third parties and a danger to the environment. The use of pesticides has increased at a phenomenal rate. Pesticides and their threat to the biological world have reached almost hysterical proportions. Their residues are found everywhere, particularly those of the so-called “hard pesticides” or organochlorine compounds, DDT. Herein, an attempt has been made to reflect pesticide exposure in different occupational settings and their harmful effects on humans. Excess use of pesticide in agriculture has placed workers in this industry at risk of lethal exposure. Personnel working in domestic pest control service is also from continuous exposure to the pesticide. Further, the chapter highlights various corrective measures to be taken by the people working in different occupational settings to combat the dangerous effects of pesticides in everyday life.
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Ganiyat Akande, Motunrayo. "Health Risks Associated with the Consumption of Legumes Contaminated with Pesticides and Heavy Metals." In Legumes [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.99673.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Legumes have high nutritional value and they are important sources of protein, carbohydrates, fats and dietary fiber. The contamination of legumes with pesticides and heavy metals has been reported in scientific literature. Human beings are mainly exposed to the residues of pesticides and heavy metals through the dietary route. The purpose of this review chapter is to highlight the acute and chronic health risks that human beings may be exposed to as a result of the ingestion of legumes polluted with pesticides and heavy metals. Additionally, the mechanisms through which pesticides and heavy metals engender different undesirable health outcomes in human beings were stated. Scientific literature were perused and the information contained in them were collated to derive this chapter. Pesticides cause short-term health effects including hypersensitivity and mortality, while heavy metals induce acute effects like seizures and death. Some chronic untoward effects of pesticides are congenital disabilities and neurological damage. Heavy metals elicit disorders like anemia, hypertension and cancer. It is envisaged that the findings documented in this review will create awareness of the health risks posed by the contamination of legumes with the residues of pesticides and heavy metals so that food safety measures can be enforced globally.
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Rani, Roopa, Prem Kishore Patnala, and Vinayak V. Pathak. "Prospects of Pesticide Contamination and Control Measures in Aquatic Systems." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 369–86. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6111-8.ch020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this chapter, up-to-date knowledge on extenuation strategies to diminish pesticide accumulation in aquatic systems, which has remained a major concern for ground water as well as surface water, adversely affecting aquatic ecosystems and humans through bio-magnification, are included. Several factors affect the toxicity of pesticides like dosage of concentration, relative toxicity, and chemical interactions. The best approach to decrease pesticide pollution in environment is to use safer, non-chemical control methods, and industrial or sewage superfluous should not be dumped into water reservoirs without proper pretreatment. Biological and chemical methods used for the control measures of pesticides pollution in aquatic systems. Thus, a greener approach for remedy of pesticide-contaminated aquatic system could be more cost-effective and sustainable.
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Farkas, Zsuzsa, Jo Marie Cook, and Árpád Ambrus. "Estimation of Uncertainty of Measured Residues and Testing Compliance with MRLs." In Food Safety Assessment of Pesticide Residues, 405–66. WORLD SCIENTIFIC (EUROPE), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781786341693_0010.
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Kumar Gupta, Arbind, Deo Kumar, and Atik Ahamad. "Degradation of Hazardous Organic and Inorganic Waste by Microorganisms." In Industrial Applications of Soil Microbes, 121–32. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815039955122010012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the increasing population of the world and the daily life demands supplied through industries and modern industrialized agricultural systems, the need for the preservation of ecosystems is increasing day by day. Many industrial processes result in large amounts of organic waste as well as inorganic contaminants that deteriorate food and water quality. Immediate measures to avoid the negative impact on the environment are necessary. The generation of large quantities of hazardous materials in the form of heavy metals, radioactive substances, phenolic compounds, and volatile organic chemicals has resulted in the requirement for new and environmentally safe methods for their elimination. In situ degradation of hazardous organic materials by microbes is often the most cost-effective clean-up approach. Biological treatment of these hazardous wastes is potentially effective, practical, and economical. Bioremediation is measured as one of the safer, cleaner, cost-effective, and eco-friendly technologies for decontaminating sites. It uses numerous agents such as bacteria, yeast, fungi, algae, and higher plants as its main tools in treating oil spills, pesticides, radionuclides, polluted groundwater, and heavy metals existing in the environment. Currently, different methods and strategies are being applied in different parts of the world. Phytoextraction, biostimulation, fungal bioremediation, and rhizofiltration are some of the more common ones. Because of specific applications, all bioremediation techniques have their advantages and disadvantages.
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Mathivanan, Sivaji. "Perspectives of Nano-Materials and Nanobiosensors in Food Safety and Agriculture." In Novel Nanomaterials. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95345.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nanobiosensor is one type of biosensor made up with usage of nanomaterials i.e., nanoparticles and nanostructures. Because of the nanomaterials’ unique properties such as good conductivity, and physicochemical, electrochemical, optical, magnetic and mechanical properties, Nanobiosensors are highly reliable and more sensitive in biosensing approaches over conventional sensors which is having various limitation in detection. Quantum dots, nanotubes, nanowires, magnetic and other nanoparticles enhance sensitivity and lower limit of detection by amplifying signals and providing novel signal transduction mechanisms enable detection of a very low level of food contaminants, pesticides, foodborne pathogens, toxins and plant metabolites. Nanobiosensors are having a lot of scope in sustainable agriculture because of its detecting ability i.e., sensing changes occurred in molecular level. So it can be utilized to find out the variations or modification of plant metabolities, volatiles, gas exchange, hormonal and ion concentration etc. which are the indicators of various harsh environmental stresses (abiotic), biotic and physiological stress. Identification of the stress in the starting stage itself will help us to avoid intensive plant damage and prevent yield losses created by the stress. Nanosensors can be used in smart farming, in which all the environmental factors related to plant growth like temperature, water, pH, humidity, nutritional factor etc. are measured and precaution taken to control the factors which reduce the crop production with the help of IOT platform, thereby enhance the productivity. In this review, discussed about nanobiosensors for detection of food contaminants and various application and its potential in agriculture.
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Bisht, Sunaina, Anita Puyam, and Prem Lal Kashyap. "Plant Fungal Disease Management by Nanotechnology." In Mycology: Current and Future Developments, 187–207. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815051360122030011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the enormous increase in global population, there is an increasing number of individuals to feed. Crop loss has become the biggest issue worldwide. Insects (14%), weeds (13%) and various plant diseases (13%) play a very important role in crop losses. The loss caused by plant diseases single-handedly causes an estimated loss of 2 trillion dollars per year. Due to the increasing demand of food, the use of synthetic chemicals has become today’s fastest, easiest and cheapest way to control loss causing agents. But due to the immense use of these chemicals, it induces adverse effect on the environment, human beings, animals and also depleting natural resources. In the current scenario, there is a need to introduce control measures which are effective and increase crop production but on the other hand, they must be less harmful for the ecosystem. After the introduction of irrational use of fungicides, there is always a posed threat to the living system, killing not only the target fungi but also affecting beneficial living systems. Besides, there is an increase in resistance against fungicides in the fungal pathogen. It is becoming necessary to reassess our strategies and achieve disease management by alternate approaches such as nanotechnology. Nanofungicides based on metals like silver (Ag), copper (Cu), etc. and nano-emulsion has been becoming an important technology to tackle fungal pathogen problems in agriculture, having immense potential to cope with the fungal pathogen in the future. However, very little work has been done to bring this technology to field level. Nanotechnology has substantially advanced in medicine and pharmacology, but has received comparatively less interest for agricultural applications. They aim at acting directly into the plant’s part where the pest or disease attacks, which means that only the required amount of chemical is delivered to the plant tissue as medication. Nanoparticles may act upon pathogens in a way similar to chemical pesticides or the nanomaterials can be used as a carrier of active ingredients of pesticides, host defense inducing chemicals, etc., to the target pathogens. It is a more appropriate and suitable solution for crop protection and is also safer for the environment. It will improve agricultural output in the coming years by solving the above-mentioned problems in crop production therefore, extensive research work is needed. Nanotechnology may bring an evolution in industry as well as in the field of dealing with fungal pathogens.
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Kasperson, Roger E., and Jeanne X. Kasperson. "Hidden Hazards." In Acceptable Evidence. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195089295.003.0006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this last decade of the twentieth century, hazards have become a part of everyday life as they have never been before. It is not that life, at least in advanced industrial societies, is more dangerous. Indeed, by any measure, the average person is safer and is likely to live longer and with greater leisure and well-being than at earlier times. Nevertheless, the external world seems replete with toxic wastes, building collapses, industrial accidents, groundwater contamination, and airplane crashes and near collisions. The newspapers and television news daily depict specific hazard events, and a parade of newly discovered or newly assessed threats—the "hazard-of-the-week" syndrome—occupies the attention of a host of congressional committees, federal regulatory agencies, and state and local governments. Seemingly any potential threat, however esoteric or remote, has its day in the sun. How is it, then, that certain hazards pass unnoticed or unattended, growing in size until they have taken a serious toll? How is it that asbestos pervaded the American workplace and schools when its respiratory dangers had been known for decades? How is it that after years of worry about nuclear war, the threat of a "nuclear winter" did not become apparent until the 1980s? How is it that the Sahel famine of 1983 to 1984 passed unnoticed in the hazard-filled newspapers of the world press, until we could no longer ignore the specter of millions starving? How is it that America "rediscovered" poverty only with Michael Harrington's vivid account of the "other Americans" and acknowledged the accumulating hazards of chemical pesticides only with Rachel Carson's Silent Spring1? How is it that during this century a society with a Delaney amendment and a $10 billion Superfund program has allowed smoking to become the killer of millions of Americans? And why is it that the potential long-term ecological catastrophes associated with burning coal command so much less concern than do the hazards of nuclear power? These oversights or neglects, it might be argued, are simply the random hazards or events that elude our alerting and monitoring systems. After all, each society has its "worry beads," particular hazards that we choose to rub and polish assiduously (Kates 1985).
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Pesticides Safety measures"
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Schols, Bart. "Latest developments in ice condensing in oil refining: the SAFE solution." In 2022 AOCS Annual Meeting & Expo. American Oil Chemists' Society (AOCS), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21748/hrzp6849.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The vacuum ice condensing technology (VIC) has been introduced in oil refining since early 90's and has since earned its place in today's modern refineries. Apart from economical savings, the technology also improves the environment as less effluent is produced and less odour is emitted. Ongoing developments have made VIC even more efficient in both capital as well as operational cost. VIC maintains low pressure (< 2mbara) in a deodoriser by freezing vapours on cooled tubes. VIC substantially reduces energy consumption by lowering overall steam consumption. Plant safety also has been improved as ammonia leakage risk is close to zero and most critical hardware, refrigerant storage and chiller, are moved outside the main refinery building.In some areas, use of ammonia is still a concern despite all safety measures. Hence the need to replace ammonia with a safer refrigerant: C02 Today deodorisers can operate even below 1mbara which opens new perspectives for the mild refining of heat-sensitive oils and a more efficient removal of contaminants like pesticides, PAHC's, mineral oil and glycidyl esters. Examples of main technological innovations are given to demonstrate the potential of the new generation Sublimax SAFE system.