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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Pesticides Environmental aspects Victoria"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Pesticides Environmental aspects Victoria"

1

Skipper, Horace D., Arthur G. Wollum, Ronald F. Turco, and Duane C. Wolf. "Microbiological Aspects of Environmental Fate Studies of Pesticides." Weed Technology 10, no. 1 (March 1996): 174–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00045905.

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Surface and subsurface soils are complex biological, chemical, and physical environments and to understand the fate of pesticides in the soil environment is a formidable task. To determine the environmental fate of pesticides requires a diverse array of techniques and procedures. Microbiological approaches range from applied to basic, laboratory to field, qualitative to quantitative, and from low to high technology. In the arena of biodegradation, teams of scientists are needed to develop predictive models for the behavior of pesticides in the soil environment. From our perspectives, we have documented the existing status of the microbiology of environmental fate studies with pesticides. Verification of data from laboratory studies to the field environment is needed. On the other hand, efforts to design better field studies to assess microbial processes are essential to advance our understanding of environmental fate studies with pesticides.

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2

Jovetić, Milica S., Azra S. Redžepović, Nebojša M. Nedić, Denis Vojt, Slađana Z. Đurđić, Ilija D. Brčeski, and Dušanka M. Milojković-Opsenica. "Urban honey - the aspects of its safety." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 69, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 264–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aiht-2018-69-3126.

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AbstractTo contribute to the development of urban beekeeping, we designed this study to obtain more information about the contamination of urban bee products with toxic metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and pesticides. The samples of honey (N=23), pollen (N=13), and floral nectar (N=6) were collected from the experimental stationary apiary of the Belgrade University Faculty of Agriculture located in centre of Zemun (a municipality of the Belgrade metropolitan area) in 2015 and 2016. Metals (Pb, Cd, As, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn, Ni, Cr, and Hg) were determined with inductively coupled plasma quadrupole mass spectrometry (ICP-QMS). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analysed with high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). Pesticides were analysed with gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The honey samples were generally within the European and Serbian regulatory limits. The levels of all the 123 analysed pesticides were below the limit of quantification (LOQ). Regarding PAH levels in honey, the highest content was found for naphthalene. The elevated levels of Hg and Cr and of PAHs in the pollen samples indicated air pollution. Pesticide residues in pollen, however, were below the LOQ. In nectar, metal levels were relatively similar to those in honey. Our results suggest that the investigated urban honey meets the regulatory requirements for metals, PAHs, and pesticides and is therefore safe for consumption.

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3

Bergsma, Simon, Gerrit Jan Willem Euverink, Nikolaos Charalampogiannis, Efthymios Poulios, Thierry K. S. Janssens, and Spyridon Achinas. "Biotechnological and Medical Aspects of Lactic Acid Bacteria Used for Plant Protection: A Comprehensive Review." BioTech 11, no. 3 (August 31, 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biotech11030040.

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The use of chemical pesticides in agriculture goes hand in hand with some crucial problems. These problems include environmental deterioration and human health complications. To eliminate the problems accompanying chemical pesticides, biological alternatives should be considered. These developments spark interest in many environmental fields, including agriculture. In this review, antifungal compounds produced by lactic acid bacteria (LABs) are considered. It summarizes the worldwide distribution of pesticides and the effect of pesticides on human health and goes into detail about LAB species, their growth, fermentation, and their antifungal compounds. Additionally, interactions between LABs with mycotoxins and plants are discussed.

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4

Tarasova, O. G., A. M. Tsvetkova, L. F. Osipov, O. M. Arsan, and N. A. Klujev. "Some Aspects of Pollution of the Danube." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 5 (May 1, 1990): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0015.

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Residues of organochlorine pesticides in the Danube were studied during the 1-st International Danube Research Expedition. Some other pollutants were identified as well. The levels of organochlorine pesticide pollution have decreased significantly as compared with background levels in 1979-1980’s.

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5

Silva Mendonça, Gulnar Azevedo e. "Measuring exposure to organochlorinated pesticides." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 14, suppl 3 (1998): S177—S179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x1998000700018.

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Environmental epidemiological investigations in cancer remain, with rare exceptions, inconclusive. The difficulties of establishing patterns of measurements of exposure in the human body is one of the limitations of these studies. The findings of six recent epidemiological studies that analyzed the association between organochlorinated compounds and breast cancer are reviewed in considering the problems of measuring environmental exposure through biological markers. The epidemiological evidence based on these studies do not indicate a risk of breast cancer related to organochlorines. Some aspects that may partially explain this absence of risk are discussed regarding the investigation of environmental carcinogenic agents in populations with low but homogeneously sprayed levels of exposure.

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6

Tsvetkova, T., S. Andonova, E. Zvetkova, and S. Blagoeva. "Aspects of granulocyte function in workers professionally exposed to pesticides." International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health 64, no. 4 (November 1992): 275–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00378286.

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7

Parra-Arroyo, Lizeth, Reyna Berenice González-González, Carlos Castillo-Zacarías, Elda M. Melchor Martínez, Juan Eduardo Sosa-Hernández, Muhammad Bilal, Hafiz M. N. Iqbal, Damià Barceló, and Roberto Parra-Saldívar. "Highly hazardous pesticides and related pollutants: Toxicological, regulatory, and analytical aspects." Science of The Total Environment 807 (February 2022): 151879. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151879.

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8

Musarurwa, Herbert, and Nikita Tawanda Tavengwa. "Green aspects during synthesis, application and chromatographic analysis of chiral pesticides." Trends in Environmental Analytical Chemistry 27 (September 2020): e00093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.teac.2020.e00093.

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9

Kiss, Attila, and Diána Virág. "GC-MS studies to map mechanistic aspects of photolytic decomposition of pesticides." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 28 (February 23, 2008): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/28/2956.

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Transformation of pesticides in the environment is a highly complex process affected by different factors. Both biological and physical-chemical factors may play a role in the degradation, whose ratio depends on the actual environmental conditions.Our study aims to reveal specific details of photolytic degradation of pesticides as important soil contaminants. Significance of these studies is enhanced by the fact that pesticide decomposition may contribute to soil degradation, and have harmful biological effects by degrading to toxic products. The toxicity of the examined pesticides is well known, however very little information is available regarding their natural degradation processes, the quality, structure and biological impact of the degradation products.The photolytic degradation of frequently applied pesticides of distinctive types (acetochlor – acetanilide, simazine – triazine, chlorpyrifos – organophosphate, carbendazim – benzimidazole) was investigated. A special, immerseable UV-light source was applied in order to carry out photodegradation. The degradation processes were followed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and mass spectrometry coupled with gas chromatography (GC/MS). EI mass spectrometry was used to identify the degradation species.Each of the studied pesticides underwent photolytic decomposition, and the detailed mechanism of photolytic transformation was established. At least four degradation species were detected and identified in each case. Loss of alkyl, alkyloxy, amino-alkyl and chloro groups might be regarded as typical decomposition patterns. Deamination occurred at the last stage of decomposition.

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10

Punculis, P., and I. Zakis. "Evaluation Aspects for Ecological Risk in Operation of Field Sprayers." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 1 (June 26, 2006): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2003vol1.2029.

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Intensive agricultural production is closely linked with the application of plant protection means, as well as use of field sprayers. When intensive technologies are used, crops as are treated with pesticides several times during the vegetation period. All chemicals applied for plant protection are more or less dangerous to human health and environment. Particularly dangerous is the use of unchecked and defective field sprayers, non-observance of the stated rates of pesticides, agrotechnical treatment terms, as well as wrong adjustment of the sprayers. Standard ISO 14001 states the basic measures for establishment and maintenance of environmental management system. In the article is presented the model of environmental management system for field sprayers based on given standard. The evaluation system includes technical and organizational measures having an influence on the pollution of environment and human health. This system includes the analysis of the factors, planning, regular inspection of field sprayers, training of serving staff and the corrective measures. During the operation of field sprayers the local atmospheric, ground, and water pollution is to be observed that in its turn is conductive to the choking up of agricultural field crop and animal products. The levels of ecological risk include the accumulation of pesticides into environment, as well as ecological risk connected with the increased human morbidity and disappearance of individual species of plants and animals. Proposed environmental management system for field sprayers can serve as a basis to develop and introduce the system of periodical inspections for field sprayers. The environmental management system for field sprayers will promote more effective protection of people and environment.

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Дисертації з теми "Pesticides Environmental aspects Victoria"

1

Zhu, Danyun. "Determination of Residential-Use Turf Pesticides in Surface and Ground Water by HPLC/DAD." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ZhuD2003.pdf.

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Maharaj, Simone. "Modelling the behaviour and fate of priority pesticides in South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The use of pesticides poses a serious threat to the limited water resources of South Africa. The amounts which are not taken up by crop plants, are often washed away by runoff into surface waters, or leached through the soil, causing groundwater pollution. The problem of pesticide pollution is often intensified by inappropriate usage, disposal and monitoring in agriculture and predictive models have proven to be an effective tool for improving management practices. Research, however, has focused mainly on surface water contamination and groundwater impacts are largely unknown. Furthermore, pesticide registration in South Africa is largely determined by international standards and there is a need for impact assessments to be carried out under local conditions. The aims of this study included the determination of priority pesticides in South Africa based on usage and properties, the determination of pesticide sorption in two selected South African soils, and an assessment of pesticide fate by modelling.

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Liaghat, Abdolmajid. "Use of soil and vegetative filter strips for reducing pesticide and nitrate pollution." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ36998.pdf.

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4

Zheng, Guanyu. "Bioremediation of organochlorine pesticides contaminated soil with microemulsions." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2011. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1245.

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5

Brimecombe, Rory Dennis. "Voltammetric analysis of pesticides and their degradation." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015724.

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Amitraz is a formamide acaricide used predominantly in the control of ectoparasites in livestock and honeybees. Amitraz hydrolysis is rapid and occurs under acidic conditions, exposure to sunlight and biodegradation by microorganisms. The main hydrolysis product of amitraz, 2,4-dimethylaniline, is recalcitrant in the environment and toxic to humans. An electrochemical method for the determination of total amitraz residues and its final breakdown product, 2,4-dimethylaniline, in spent cattle dip, is presented. Cyclic voltammetry at a glassy carbon electrode showed the irreversible oxidation of amitraz and 2,4-dimethylaniline. A limit of detection in the range of 8.5 x 10⁻⁸ M for amitraz and 2 x 10⁻⁸ M for 2,4-dimethylaniline was determined using differential pulse voltammetry. Feasibility studies in which the effect of supporting electrolyte type and pH had on electroanalysis of amitraz and its degradants, showed that pH affects current response as well as the potential at which amitraz and its degradants are oxidised. Britton-Robinson buffer was found to be the most suitable supporting electrolyte for detection of amitraz and its degradants in terms of sensitivity and reproducibility. Studies performed using environmental samples showed that the sensitivity and reproducibility of amitraz and 2,4-dimethylaniline analyses in spent cattle dip were comparable to analyses of amitraz and 2,4-dimethylaniline performed in Britton-Robinson buffer. In addition, the feasibility qf measuring amitraz and 2,4-dimethylaniline in environmental samples was assessed and compared to amitraz and 2,4-dimethylaniline analyses in Britton-Robinson buffer. Amitraz and 2,4-dimethylaniline were readily detectable in milk and honey. Furthermore, it was elucidated that 2,4-dimethylaniline can be metabolised to 3-methylcatechol by Pseudomonas species and the proposed breakdown pathway is presented. The biological degradation of amitraz and subsequent formation of 2,4-dimethylaniline was readily monitored in spent cattle dip. The breakdown of amitraz to 2,4-dimethylaniline and then to 3-MC was monitored using cyclic voltammetry.

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6

Yuen, Ping-shu Gomez, and 袁秉樞. "Is reclamation necessary in Victoria Harbour?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254810.

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7

麥麗玲 and Lai-ling Josephine Mak. "Determination of pesticides in environmental and food samples by capillary electrophoresis and electroanalytical methods." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31243459.

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8

Zacharias, Sebastian. "Tillage effects on leaching and persistence of pesticides in coastal plain soil." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46007.

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The effect of tillage practices on leaching and persistence of atrazine and metolachlor was evaluated in a field study in the Coastal Plain region of Virginia. Field data were also used to validate pesticide transport models, GLEAMS and PRZM. The study was conducted on two 18x27 m plots located in a field that was in the second year of a two-year no-till wheat-beaDs-com rotation. One plot was conventionally tilled using a moldboard plow and a disk harrow before planting of com and application of chemicals. Soil samples were collected on six sampling dates during the crop growing season at 20 randomly selected locations in each plot with the 0-150 cm sampling depth divided into eight increments. Bromide concentrations were analyzed to provide an estimate of solute movement. High rainfall following chemical application led to rapid leaching of bromide, with the chemical moving faster in the no-till profile. Pesticide concentrations also showed a greater potential for leaching in the no-till plot in the early stages of the study. Chemical concentrations were higher in the no-till profile initially, and were higher in the tilled profile toward the end of the season. Atrazine dissipation was higher in the no-till plot, but there was no marked difference in metolachlor dissipation between the two tillage treatments. Over 35% of atrazine mass remained in the soil profile in both plots at the end of the crop growing season. Pesticide concentrations were found to vary largely over the two plots. The field data were used to evaluate the ability of the pesticide transport models, GLEAMS and PRZM, to represent chemical concentration distribution, depth of solute center of mass, and pesticide mass in the no-till and the conventionally-tilled root zone. The models were evaluated in three sequential steps. The fast simulation was completely uncalibrated, using best available estimates for the input parameters. For the second simulation hydrology parameters were calibrated to minimize errors in the hydrology component so as to better evaluate the prediction of pesticide behavior in soil. The third stage of the evaluation used pesticide dissipation half-life calculated from the field data. Model performance was evaluated using both objective and subjective criteria. GLEAMS and PRZM predicted pesticide concentration in soils reasonably well when run without any calibration. Bromide concentrations were predicted closer to the observed values than pesticides. Overall predictions by both models were better in the conventional tillage plot than in the notill plot. The comparative effect of tillage on observed chemical concentrations was represented better by GLEAMS than by PRZM. The models underpredicted leaching of pesticides in the early sampling dates. Predicted pesticide mass in the root zone were reasonably close to the field measured values. Calibration of the hydrology component of the models did not improve the prediction of pesticide behavior in soils. The use of field pesticide half-life resulted in better prediction of pesticide persistence but did not improve the overall prediction of pesticide behavior in the two plots. The study identifies selection of input parameters and correct interpretation of results as important factors in the effective use of GLEAMS and PRZM as management tools.
Master of Science

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9

Chan, Yuet-ling, and 陳月玲. "Reclamation and pollution in Hong Kong with special reference to Victoria Harbour." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31254494.

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Lwanga, Margaret Jjuuko Nassuna. "An investigation into the representations of environmental issues relating to Lake Victoria, Uganda, and their negotiation by the lakeside communities." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1001577.

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The state of the environment is increasingly present as an urgent concern for contemporary political, social, cultural and physical life. Yet the roles of the mass media (radio, television and newspapers) in shaping and influencing crucial public awareness, debates and environmental decision-making remain inadequately understood. Positioned as a critical studies inquiry into media representations and audience reception, this study forms part of a wider project amongst media scholars and culture critics on the relationship between media textual production and consumption. It explores how one radio station in Uganda, Central Broadcasting Service (CBS) radio, represents and constructs the environmental crises faced by Lake Victoria, especially pollution and overfishing. The focus is on the Victoria Voice radio documentaries aired on CBS radio in the year 2005. The study further explores how three lakeside communities negotiate these issues as radio broadcasts. It recognises that while the mass media contribute significantly to creating public awareness about such social concerns, their likelihood of having a direct and predictable impact on social behaviour is slight. The context and the lived experiences at the reception stage where the decisions are made on whether to adopt an innovation are ultimately the factors which impact on how they are negotiated. The thesis is informed by the theoretical and analytical framework of Cultural Studies as well as the Participatory Approach to Communication for Development perspectives. The study is specifically informed by the theories of ‘discourse’ (Foucault, 1980a, 1981) and the ‘circuit of culture’ (du Gay et al., 1997 and Johnson, 1987) and these provided the conceptual framework for investigating the representations, the production and the consumption of media texts. Predominantly qualitative methods have been employed in data collection and analysis. In the first place, a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) (Fairclough, 1995a, 1995c) of the radio texts has interrogated the discourses and discursive practices of CBS’ Victoria Voice environmental radio programmes in order to consider its representations of particular issues and consequently the discourses it privileged. Qualitative methods of participant observation, in-depth interviews and focus group discussions were deployed to investigate the negotiation of the texts by the lakeside communities. This research establishes that the Victoria Voice radio texts foreground three contesting types of discourses: the discourse of basic economic survival and livelihoods is articulated largely by the ordinary people, the lakeside communities; the discourse of sustainable development, particularly the protection and sustainability of Lake Victoria, by scientists and environmental experts; and the discourse of modernisation and corporate investment by politicians and/or policy makers and industrialists. The texts, to a large degree, reaffirm the hegemonic relations of power in Ugandan society, and thus contribute to the maintenance of the status quo. The selection of an elite category of informers (scientists, experts, politicians, policy makers) serves to marginalise the less powerful ordinary people (the fisher folk, farmers and other eyewitnesses). The construction of the elite as active and speaking subjects within the various debates introduced in these programmes, for example, works both to obscure and endorse the unequal power relations. At the reception side, while the lakeside communities attest to the relevance of the programmes in providing information on the issues concerning Lake Victoria and other aspects of their livelihood, they also recognise the power relations that underpin the sets of representations. Amongst these sets is government’s complicity with industry, in line with their economic policies and the global capitalist economy, while espousing the rhetoric of nature conservation. The study argues that sustainable solutions for the crises on Lake Victoria should take into account the socio-historical and cultural contexts of the lakeside communities. For the Ugandan media, particularly radio, there is a need to rethink the nature of the coverage, which tends to neglect the contextual factors, such as local socio-economic and cultural factors within which environmental issues and problems occur and which, as this thesis establishes, greatly influences the way people make sense of environmental issues and problems. I posit that the Participatory Approach that seeks to address the communities’ most pressing concerns should be adopted – to include more of the communities’ voices and involve them in the production of radio programmes.

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Книги з теми "Pesticides Environmental aspects Victoria"

1

Yount, Lisa. Pesticides. San Diego, CA, U.S.A: Lucent Books, 1995.

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2

Duggleby, John. Pesticides. New York: Crestwood House, 1990.

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3

H, Hutson D., and Roberts T. R. 1943-, eds. Environmental fate of pesticides. Chichester: Wiley, 1990.

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4

World Health Organization. Expert Committee on Vector Biology and Control. Safe use of pesticides. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1991.

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5

Macfarlane, Katherine. Pesticides. Detroit: KidHaven Press, 2007.

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6

Beaumont, Peter. Pesticides, policies and people. London: Pesticides Trust, 1993.

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7

Pesticides: Evaluation of environmental pollution. Boca Raton, FL: Taylor & Francis, 2012.

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8

Mehrotra, N. K. Carcinogenic effects of pesticides. Lucknow, India: Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, 1990.

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9

R, Coats Joel, Yamamoto Hiroki 1947-, and American Chemical Society. Division of Agrochemicals., eds. Environmental fate and effects of pesticides. Washington, D.C: American Chemical Society, 2003.

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10

H, Parlar, ed. Terrestrial behavior of pesticides. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1992.

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Частини книг з теми "Pesticides Environmental aspects Victoria"

1

Granby, Kit, Annette Petersen, Susan Strange Herrmann, and Mette Erecius Poulsen. "Levels of Pesticides in Food and Food Safety Aspects." In Analysis of Pesticides in Food and Environmental Samples, 329–64. Second edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, a CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa, plc, 2019.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351047081-11.

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2

Lazarević-Pašti, Tamara. "Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Pesticides and Cancer Development." In Handbook of Oxidative Stress in Cancer: Mechanistic Aspects, 1–11. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4501-6_36-1.

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3

Lazarević-Pašti, Tamara. "Environmental and Occupational Exposure to Pesticides and Cancer Development." In Handbook of Oxidative Stress in Cancer: Mechanistic Aspects, 451–61. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9411-3_36.

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4

Bencko, Vladimir. "Psychosomatic and Psychosocial Aspects of Risk Perception." In Environmental Security Assessment and Management of Obsolete Pesticides in Southeast Europe, 85–90. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6461-3_6.

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5

Wagenet, Robert J., Johanas Bouma, and John L. Hutson. "Conceptual and Methodological Aspects of Assessing Pesticide Environmental Impact in Developing Areas." In Economic, Environmental, and Health Tradeoffs in Agriculture: Pesticides and the Sustainability of Andean Potato Production, 41–63. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4854-2_3.

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6

Burovtsov, Victor, Viktor Rezepov, and Sergey Tikhonov. "Some Institutional Aspects and Technological Approaches to Cleaning of Polluted Territories from Obsolete Pesticides in the Russian Federation Under the Framework of Synergism Between the Basel, Stockholm and Rotterdam Conventions." In Environmental Security Assessment and Management of Obsolete Pesticides in Southeast Europe, 333–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6461-3_31.

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Cole, Donald C., Fernando Carpio, and Ninfa León. "Conceptual and Methodological Aspects of Investigating the Health Impacts of Agricultural Pesticide Use in Developing Countries." In Economic, Environmental, and Health Tradeoffs in Agriculture: Pesticides and the Sustainability of Andean Potato Production, 65–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4854-2_4.

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"Environmental aspects of spray drift." In Pesticides, 159–200. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118975923.ch6.

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Kaur, Harsimran, and Harsh Garg. "Pesticides: Environmental Impacts and Management Strategies." In Pesticides - Toxic Aspects. InTech, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/57399.

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Granby, Kit, Susan Herrmann, Mette Erecius Poulsen, and Annette Petersen. "Levels of Pesticides in Food and Food Safety Aspects." In Analysis of Pesticides in Food and Environmental Samples. CRC Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420007756.ch11.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Pesticides Environmental aspects Victoria"

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ILIE, Marinela. "SMART FARMING IN CORN CULTURE." In Competitiveness of Agro-Food and Environmental Economy. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/cafee/2019/8/21.

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Анотація:

There is no more mechanized agricultural process that does not benefit from computerized assistance that optimizes working parameters and obtain qualitative indices of lifting, comfort and safety in the process of increased work for the user, low fuel consumption and manpower and low negative impact on the environment. The concept of "Precision agriculture” involves adjusting inputs in the agricultural system (seeds, fertilizers, pesticides), to distribute all where it is needed just as long as it takes. Measurement of differences working parameters through sensors and transducers, analysis of information received through computer systems or specific software and sending orders for modification of other parameters on tractors and machines has created the "Smart farming" system. The advantages of using smart farming are immense in all aspects. The user inserts the working parameters into the computer, monitors the processes and through the actuators execute the necessary settings. Complete and accurate information on the processed surface, fuel consumption, seed, fertilizers, pesticides, or quantities harvested in agricultural harvesting machines are received in real or centralized time. Cultivating cereal like corn can be extremely profitable regardless of the surface, but for that it is essential to observe some particularities of this plant. Romania is one of the largest maize producers in the European Union; in this article is presented all cost and also cost prognosis for smart farming in corn culture.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Pesticides Environmental aspects Victoria"

1

Wackett, Lawrence, Raphi Mandelbaum, and Michael Sadowsky. Bacterial Mineralization of Atrazine as a Model for Herbicide Biodegradation: Molecular and Applied Aspects. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1999.7695835.bard.

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Atrazine is a broadly used herbicide in agriculture and it was used here as a model to study the biodegradation of herbicides. The bacterium Pseudomonas sp. ADP metabolizes atrazine to carbon dioxide and ammonia and chloride. The genes encoding atrazine catabolism to cyanuric acid were cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The genes were designated atzA, atzB and atzC. Each gene was sequenced. The enzyme activities were characterized. AtzA is atrazine chlorohydrolase which takes atrazine to hydroxyatrizine. AtzB is hydroxyatrazine N-ethylaminohydrolase which produces N-isopropylammelide and N-ethylamine. AtzC is N-isopropylammelide N-isopropylaminohydrolase which produces cyanuric acid and N-isopropylamine. Each product was isolated and characterized to confirm their identity by chromatography and mass spectrometry. Sequence analysis indicated that each of the hydrolytic enzymes AtzA, AtzB and AtzC share identity which the aminohydrolase protein superfamily. Atrazine chlorohydrolase was purified to homogeneity. It was shown to have a kcat of 11 s-1 and a KM of 150 uM. It was shown to require a metal ion, either Fe(II), Mn(II) or Co(II), for activity. The atzA, atzB and atzC genes were shown to reside on a broad-host range plasmid in Pseudomonas sp. ADP. Six other recently isolated atrazine-degrading bacteria obtained from Europe and the United States contained homologs to the atz genes identified in Pseudomonas sp. ADP. The identity of the sequences were very high, being greater than 98% in all pairwise comparisons. This indicates that many atrazine-degrading bacteria worldwide metabolize atrazine via a pathway that proceeds through hydroxyatrazine, a metabolite which is non-phytotoxic and non-toxic to mammals. Enzymes were immobilized and used for degradation of atrazine in aqueous phases. The in-depth understanding of the genomics and biochemistry of the atrazine mineralization pathway enabled us to study factors affecting the prevalence of atrazine degradation in various agricultural soils under conservative and new agricultural practices. Moreover, Pseudomonas sp. ADP and/or its enzymes were added to atrazine-contaminated soils, aquifers and industrial wastewater to increase the rate and extent of atrazine biodegradation above that of untreated environments. Our studies enhance the ability to control the fate of regularly introduced pesticides in agriculture, or to reduce the environmental impact of unintentional releases.

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