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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Pedestrian safety"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 8 червня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Pedestrian safety"

Narayanan, Sumana. "Pedestrian Safety in Chennai." Journal of Road Safety 31, no. 3 (August 1, 2020): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-20-00249.

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Анотація:

Pedestrian and cyclist safety are not considered by urban planners or road users in India. Data on road crashes tend to underreport crashes involving this group. In spite of adopting a Non-Motorised-Transport (NMT) friendly policy in 2014, Chennai city in Tamil Nadu continues to prioritise motorised transport. Five years after the NMT Policy adoption, pedestrian infrastructure was assessed in 11 locations. A perception survey of 37 road users was also conducted as the Policy calls for changing the mindset of motorists towards pedestrians. The pedestrian infrastructure assessment found that footpath and pedestrian crossings are inadequate with only six locations having contiguous, wide, walkable footpaths for some distance. Even in these locations, the footpath is encroached upon by parked vehicles, garbage, utilities, and shops. Even roads which have seen pedestrian-focussed interventions fall short. Pedestrian infrastructure, what little exists, is not friendly towards the elderly and people with disabilities. The perception survey suggests that pedestrians are not safe on the roads and that motorists do not slow down or stop for pedestrians. Some motorists (autorickshaw drivers and bus drivers) felt that pedestrians put themselves at risk by walking on the road and crossing the road as they please. Pedestrians interviewed, however, pointed out that footpaths are few, and those that exist are encroached upon, forcing pedestrians to walk on the road. In spite of being the first city in India to adopt an NMT Policy, many pedestrians continues to be precarious

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M, DASZYKOWSKI, and SIEDLECKA S. "ANALYSIS OF PEDESTRIAN ACCIDENTS IN POLAND." National Transport University Bulletin 1, no. 50 (2021): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33744/2308-6645-2021-3-50-011-021.

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Анотація:

Pedestrian crossings today are an indispensable element of the road infrastructure. There are more and more of them. The reason for this state of affairs is the constantly constant level of pedestrian intensity and the need to change the path of the footpath. Pedestrian accidents occur as a result of many factors related to weather conditions or the technical condition of the vehicle. However, in Poland, most often the event happens due to human error, then the driver of a car or a pedestrian. In addition, the high accident rate depends on poor road infrastructure. Unfortunately, a pedestrian is the victim of every third accident in our country. Pedestrians are among the group of vulnerable road users in which participation in an accident has very serious consequences. The importance of this problem can be demonstrated by the fact that 270,000 pedestrians are killed on the world's roads every year. Globally, almost 22% of all fatalities are from pedestrian accidents, and this is an average value, as there are countries where this percentage exceeds 66%. Pedestrian safety is a serious problem on Polish roads. In Poland, most pedestrian accidents occur at pedestrian crossings. This is where pedestrians and vehicles cross, creating a risk of collisions between these road users. These accidents are caused by insufficient visibility of the driver and pedestrians. The analysis of police statistics made it possible to assess the effectiveness of factors aimed at improving road safety at pedestrian crossings. The main one is traffic light. Thanks to him, pedestrian crossings are safer. A big problem, which is still significant, is the concentration of pedestrian’s attention on phone screens. To prevent collisions with pedestrians, they do not monitor their safety when crossing the road, there are special programs for phones, the use of advertising campaigns, the installation of LED strips or the use of 3D strips. KEYWORDS: PEDESTRIAN, PEDESTRIAN CROSSING, ROAD SAFETY, ROAD ACCIDENTS, CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS WITH PEDESTRIANS.

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Park, Seung-Hoon, and Min-Kyung Bae. "Exploring the Determinants of the Severity of Pedestrian Injuries by Pedestrian Age: A Case Study of Daegu Metropolitan City, South Korea." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (March 31, 2020): 2358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072358.

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Анотація:

Pedestrian-vehicle crashes can result in serious injury to pedestrians, who are exposed to danger when in close proximity to moving vehicles. Furthermore, these injuries can be considerably serious and even lead to death in a manner that varies depending on the pedestrian’s age. This is because the pedestrian’s physical characteristics and behaviors, particularly in relation to roads with moving vehicles, differ depending on the pedestrian’s age. This study examines the determinants of pedestrian injury severity by pedestrian age using binary logistic regression. Factors in the built environment, such as road characteristics and land use of the places where pedestrian crashes occurred, were considered, as were the accident characteristics of the pedestrians and drivers. The analysis determined that the accident characteristics of drivers and pedestrians are more influential in pedestrian-vehicle crashes than the factors of the built environmental characteristics. However, there are substantial differences in injury severity relative to the pedestrian’s age. Young pedestrians (aged under 20 years old) are more likely to suffer serious injury in school zones; however, no association between silver zones and injury severity is found for elderly pedestrians. For people in the age range of 20–39 years old, the severity of pedestrian injuries is lower in areas with more crosswalks and speed cameras. People in the age range of 40–64 years old are more likely to be injured in areas with more neighborhood streets and industrial land use. Elderly pedestrians are likely to suffer fatal injuries in areas with more traffic signals. This study finds that there are differences in the factors of pedestrian injury severity according to the age of pedestrians. Therefore, it is suggested that concrete and efficient policies related to pedestrian age are required to improve pedestrian safety and reduce pedestrian-vehicle crashes.

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Yao, Jiao, Yuhang Li, and Jiaping He. "Social Force Model-Based Safety Evaluation of Intersections in Arterials Considering the Pedestrian Yield Rule." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 23 (November 26, 2021): 12461. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182312461.

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To enhance the safety of pedestrians crossing the street, a series of new regulations regarding pedestrian yield has been proposed and widely implemented across cities. In this study, we first made some improvements to the social force model, in which pedestrian crossing at the intersection, drivers’ psychology of giving way, vehicle yield to pedestrians, vehicle yield in different directions, the influence of pedestrians crossing boundaries, and signal lamp groups on pedestrian behavior were considered. Furthermore, pedestrian crossing and vehicle yield safety models were established, based on which the comprehensive safety evaluation model of intersections in arterials was established, in which two indices—(1) the safety degree of pedestrian crossings and (2) vehicle acceleration interference—were combined with the entropy weight method. Finally, four types of intersections in arterials were studied using a simulation: the intersections between different levels of arterials, and intersections with one-time and two-times pedestrian crossings. Moreover, safety evaluation and analysis of those intersections, considering the rule of pedestrian yield, were conducted combined with the trajectory data from the VISSIM simulation. The relevant results showed that for pedestrians crossing the street, the pedestrian safety of two-time crossing is significantly higher than that of one-time crossing, and compared with the arterial, the pedestrian crossing distance of the sub-arterial is shorter, and the pedestrian perception is safer. Moreover, due to the herd psychology effect, the increase in pedestrian flow volume improves the safety perception of pedestrians at the intersection.

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Wang, Xianing, Zhan Zhang, Ying Wang, Jun Yang, and Linjun Lu. "A Study on Safety Evaluation of Pedestrian Flows Based on Partial Impact Dynamics by Real-Time Data in Subway Stations." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 19, 2022): 10328. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141610328.

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With the rapid development of urban rail transit, the scientific assurance of pedestrian safety has become an important issue. Orderly behavior is a crucial factor affecting pedestrian safety. Therefore, in-depth research into pedestrian behavior is needed. This study carries out an evaluation of safety in pedestrian flows by establishing a new force model based on real-time data. In this model, we consider the microscopic characteristics of pedestrians and define four force influence mechanisms for simulating pedestrian behavior. Compared with existing models, this model incorporates partial impact dynamics to make it applicable to the particular environment of subway stations. Through the validation of real-world data, it is demonstrated that the model can accurately describe pedestrian behavior and better reproduce the characteristics of pedestrians. The influence of pedestrians and of environmental factors on the model are also discussed. Using our model, we propose a risk evaluation system based on pedestrian volatility. By using real-time pedestrian information from subway stations, the potential risk to pedestrians can be discerned and assessed in advance. This research advances the management of pedestrian safety and provides a framework for studying behavior models and for safety evaluation.

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Xu, Pengpeng, Siqi Xie, Ni Dong, Sze Chun Wong, and Helai Huang. "Rethinking safety in numbers: are intersections with more crossing pedestrians really safer?" Injury Prevention 25, no. 1 (October 27, 2017): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042469.

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Анотація:

ObjectiveTo advance the interpretation of the ‘safety in numbers’ effect by addressing the following three questions. How should the safety of pedestrians be measured, as the safety of individual pedestrians or as the overall safety of road facilities for pedestrians? Would intersections with large numbers of pedestrians exhibit a favourable safety performance? Would encouraging people to walk be a sound safety countermeasure?MethodsWe selected 288 signalised intersections with 1003 pedestrian crashes in Hong Kong from 2010 to 2012. We developed a Bayesian Poisson-lognormal model to calculate two common indicators related to pedestrian safety: the expected crash rate per million crossing pedestrians and the expected excess crash frequency. The ranking results of these two indicators for the selected intersections were compared.ResultsWe confirmed a significant positive association between pedestrian volumes and pedestrian crashes, with an estimated coefficient of 0.21. Although people who crossed at intersections with higher pedestrian volumes experienced a relatively lower crash risk, these intersections may still have substantial potential for crash reduction.ConclusionsConclusions on the safety in numbers effect based on a cross-sectional analysis should be reached with great caution. The safety of individual pedestrians can be measured based on the crash risk, whereas the safety of road facilities for pedestrians should be determined by the environmental hazards of walking. Intersections prevalent of pedestrians do not always exhibit favourable safety performance. Relative to increasing the number of pedestrians, safety strategies should focus on reducing environmental hazards and removing barriers to walking.

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Nemchinov, Dmitriy. "ENSURING THE PEDESTRIAN’S SAFETY DESIGN OF URBAN STREET CROSSWALKS." Биосферная совместимость: человек, регион, технологии, no. 2(26) (July 1, 2019): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21869/23-11-1518-2019-26-2-103-110.

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Анотація:

The article presents an analysis of positive practices for ensuring the safety of pedestrians at the inter-section of the city streets carriageway, as well as a description of some innovations of regulatory and tech-nical documents, including an increased number of cases when a safety island can be arranged at a pedestri-an crossing. requirements for providing visibility at a pedestrian crossing to determine the minimum distance of visibility at a pedestrian crossing based on the time required pedestrians for crossing the roadway, recommended options for using ground unregulated pedestrian crossings on trapezoidal artificial irregularities according to GOST R 52605; traffic flow) and Z-shaped (also in the direction of the traffic flow), the requirements for the size of the securi-ty island have been established to allow put bicycle inside of safety island, a recommended set of measures to reduce the vehicle speed and describes the types of activities and describes a method of their application, describes methods zones device with reduced travel speed - residential and school zones, set requirements for turboroundabouts and methods of their design.

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Prakash, Sathya. "Road Safety Criteria for Mid-Block Pedestrian Crossing Facility and Application of ITS Technologies." European Transport/Trasporti Europei, no. 94 (September 2023): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2023.94.3.

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Анотація:

This paper describes an attempt made to evaluate the pedestrian's road crossing facility at midblock to relate with pedestrian road crossing behaviour and identify the variables influencing pedestrian road crossing decisions. The decision of pedestrians on road crossing depends on many other elements like yielding behaviour of a driver, vehicle speed, roadway width, traffic volume etc. Pedestrians road crossing data collected through videographic survey at Kozhikode city, Kerala, India were used to evaluate the pedestrian crossing facility. Regression model has been developed considering the pedestrian waiting time as dependent variable and vehicle speed and volume as independent variable. Further, a computational tool is developed to derive suitable criteria for regulating the number of pedestrian phases based on the percentage of vehicles in the queue formation for varying levels of interruptions and vehicle arrival rate. The criteria has been derived such that the negative force exerted by vehicles and drivers during pedestrian road crossing to a minimum level, through the implementation of signal control using Intelligent Transport System (ITS) technologies. Further, the queuing analysis results helps to identify the criteria for proposing grade-separated crossing based on the threshold value of the percentage of vehicles in the queue formation. From the queuing analysis, it was found that, the percentage of vehicle in queue has been increased from 19.44% to 38.89% for the arrival rate of 1200v/h when the number of pedestrian interruptions per hour is increased from 20 to 40. Also, it is observed that when the arrival rate increases from 1200 to 1800 v/h the percentage of vehicle in queue increases 19.44% to 77.78% for 20 number of pedestrian interruptions. The prediction tool developed may help the transportation policymakers and highway officials to evaluate the field conditions and to identify suitable control measures for the pedestrian facility with improved pedestrian safety and vehicular traffic efficiency.

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Araya-Porras, Enoc, Andrey Mora-Calderón, and Jonathan Aguero-Valverde. "Pedestrian crossing light violation in Costa Rica: exploring factors affecting mid-block crossing behavior." Ingeniería 32, no. 2 (June 29, 2022): 111–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/ri.v32i2.50386.

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Анотація:

It is necessary to analyze pedestrian behavior at crossings to improve their safety and mobility. Mid-block pedestrian crossings are structures that facilitate the mobility of pedestrians, safeguarding them from vehicular traffic; however, illegal crossing by pedestrians is an everyday occurrence and represents a risk to their safety. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between different human and road factors and the decision to illegally cross signalized mid-block crossings. Several human factors such as age, gender, waiting time in traffic light, use of the pushbutton and individual or group crossing, as well as road characteristics such as the length of traffic light phase, length of crossing, and vehicular volume were analyzed. To collect information about these variables this study recorded a one-hour video in six selected crosswalks within the Montes de Oca County in Costa Rica. A total of 1,707 crossings were recorded, 10.6% of which corresponded to instances of illegal crossing. After applying a logit model, this research found that traffic volume, pedestrian red-light time, waiting time, vehicle illegal crossing and group crossings reduced the probability of violations by pedestrians. On the other hand, minimum traffic light time and crossing length increased the possibility of pedestrian illegal crossings. This study concluded that the traffic light cycle is an important variable that must be rigorously analyzed to ensure pedestrian's compliance with traffic lights, which will improve the safety of the pedestrian mid-block crossings.

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Stoker, Philip, Andrea Garfinkel-Castro, Meleckidzedeck Khayesi, Wilson Odero, Martin N. Mwangi, Margie Peden, and Reid Ewing. "Pedestrian Safety and the Built Environment." Journal of Planning Literature 30, no. 4 (August 12, 2015): 377–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885412215595438.

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Urban and regional planning has a contribution to make toward improving pedestrian safety, particularly in view of the fact that about 273,000 pedestrians were killed in road traffic crashes in 2010. The road is a built environments that should enhance safety and security for pedestrians, but this ideal is not always the case. This article presents an overview of the evidence on the risks that pedestrians face in the built environment. This article shows that design of the roadway and development of different land uses can either increase or reduce pedestrian road traffic injury. Planners need to design or modify the built environment to minimize risk for pedestrians.

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Дисертації з теми "Pedestrian safety"

Cicek, Bunyamin Erkan. "Pedestrian Safety Around Elementary Schools." Master's thesis, METU, 2009. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611198/index.pdf.

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This study establishes pedestrian safety focused environment around elementary schools. In order to reach this objective 3 consecutive goals are fulfilled
firstly
proposing, a newly designed black spot analysis, &ldquo
Behavioral Black Spot Analysis&rdquo
, secondly
documenting pedestrian behavior around black spots, and finally stimulating effective interventions around elementary schools. This study proposes a newly designed methodology
&ldquo
Behavioral Black Spot Analysis&rdquo
which is namely based upon pedestrians&rsquo
route choice and risk perception statements. Additionally it is observed that students choose the shortest route on their way. &ldquo
Behavioral Black Spot Analysis&rdquo
reveals that traffic flows, pedestrian visibility, vehicle visibility, waiting time, road width are most important parameters of pedestrians&rsquo
perception of traffic safety. Results of unobtrusive observations indicate that interventions have significant effect on vehicle speed, number of conflicts, yielding behavior of drivers, total number of cars forming a queue, number of pedestrians stopping on the curb, head movements, crossing angles, crossing tempos, and crossing distances of pedestrians. Behind this interventions affects pedestrians&rsquo
waiting time in negative manner. Recommendations for pedestrian safety interventions are suggested.

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James, Kara Ellen. "Crosswalk safety." Online version, 2002. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2002/2002jamesk.pdf.

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Thompson, S. J. "Pedestrian with vehicle interactions." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371134.

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Kashyap, Abhilash Nagesh, and Ashwin Madanmohan. "Identifiable Radar Reflectors For Automotive Pedestrian Safety." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för informationsteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-43317.

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Radar plays a major role in safety-critical applications mainly in the automotive industry due to its weather and lighting independence. The progress made in radar hardware technology has made it possible to detect objects more efficiently. Autonomous vehicles need to address a lot of problems encountered in their pathways which need proper detection and identification of obstacles for navigation purposes. Detection and identification of obstacles during navigation help in defining the trajectories for a vehicle so that collision can be avoided. A 77GHz radar system is used in many automotive industrial vehicles for automotive safety. At any given time, there is a possibility of multiple objects being in the vicinity of a vehicle that is not highly reflective which is based on its materialistic properties, such as prams or bicycles as compared to other road vehicles. In the work described in this thesis, we aim at designing, detecting, and identifying simple radar reflectors using copper sheets, which can be placed on such low reflective objects which helps in increasing pedestrian safety aspects. The software aspect of the radar module being used is achieved by using a demo application provided by the radar module manufacturer. This acts as the base structure for the python script which is used for detection and identification of the radar reflectors.

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Tien, Jung-tin John. "Improve pedestrian safety and access in central Sham Shui Po." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4293106X.

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Agarwal, Nithin K. "ESTIMATION OF PEDESTRIAN SAFETY AT INTERSECTIONS USING SIMULATION AND SURROGATE SAFETY MEASURES." UKnowledge, 2011. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/835.

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Анотація:

With the number of vehicles increasing in the system every day, many statewide policies across the United States aim to increase the use of non- motorized transportation modes. This could have safety implications because the interaction between motorists and non-motorists could increase and potentially increasing pedestrian-vehicle crashes. Few models that predict the number of pedestrian crashes are not sensitive to site-specific conditions or intersection designs that may influence pedestrian crashes. Moreover, traditional statistical modeling techniques rely extensively on the sparsely available pedestrian crash database. This study focused on overcoming these limitations by developing models that quantify potential interactions between pedestrians and vehicles at various intersection designs using as surrogate safety measure the time to conflict. Several variables that capture volumes, intersection geometry, and operational performance were evaluated for developing pedestrian-vehicle conflict models for different intersection designs. Linear regression models were found to be best fit and potential conflict models were developed for signalized, unsignalized and roundabout intersections. Volume transformations were applied to signalized and unsignalized conditions to develop statistical models for unconventional intersections. The pedestrian-vehicle conflicting volumes, the number of lanes that pedestrians are exposed to vehicles, the percentage of turning vehicles, and the intersection conflict location (major or minor approach) were found to be significant predictors for estimating pedestrian safety at signalized and unsignalized intersections. For roundabouts, the pedestrian-vehicle conflicting volumes, the number of lanes that pedestrians have to cross, and the intersection conflict location (major or minor approach) were found to be significant predictors. Signalized intersection models were used for bowtie and median U-turn intersections using appropriate volume transformations. The combination of signalized intersection models for the intersection area and two-way unsignalized intersection models for the ramp area of the jughandle intersections were utilized with appropriate volume transformations. These models can be used to compare alternative intersection designs and provide designers and planners with a surrogate measure of pedestrian safety level for each intersection design examined.

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Doric, Igor. "A generalised approach to active pedestrian safety testing." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2017. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/95636/.

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Active pedestrian safety systems can help to significantly increase pedestrian road safety, but must be tested very carefully before used in series application. Since there is usually a very small amount of time to prevent the collision, the activation of an emergency brake is always a critical decision. On the other hand, of course, false triggerings must be prevented. Aiming to increase pedestrian and vehicle safety, this thesis presents a novel approach for the test of active pedestrian safety systems. From the question "What is needed to test and compare future active pedestrian safety systems?" are resulting the following questions: 1. What are the significant characteristics of real pedestrians? 2. How can this features be mapped to a test system? This thesis presents characteristic features of pedestrians from the perspective of automotive surround sensors and introduces a novel test system approach including a realistic pedestrian dummy which is able to replicate those characteristics. Furthermore it introduces a novel active pedestrian safety test methodology, based on the variation of target characteristics, environmental conditions and driver behaviour. The proposed pedestrian dummy was set up in real size and tested on the test track in vehicle tests. A video of the described test and the novel pedestrian dummy can be seen here: https://youtu.be/eF5IkqsknBE

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Ni, Ying [Verfasser]. "Pedestrian safety at urban signalised intersections / Ying Ni." Darmstadt : Techn. Univ., Fachgebiet Verkehrsplanung und Verkehrstechnik, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1000060578/34.

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Dai, Mulan. "THE EFFECTS OF VISUAL PROMPT ON PEDESTRIAN SAFETY." OpenSIUC, 2011. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/649.

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Анотація:

Since 2005, pedestrian deaths nationwide had decreased by more than 16 percent, averaging about 200 fewer deaths per year. However, preliminary data collected from the first six months of 2010 show that the decrease had apparently slowed or stopped--seven more pedestrians died in the first six months of 2010 than for the same period in 2009 (Fogel, 2011). Car - pedestrian collisions at crosswalks were serious matters that required continuous research on increasing pedestrian safety at crosswalks. In this paper, although (e.g., Cox, et al., 2010; Houten & Retting, 2001; Huybers, Van Houten, & Malenfant, 2004; Reagan, Sifrit, Compton, Tenebaum, & Van Houten, 2010) have all contributed to the behavior interventions in pedestrian safety, we followed the procedure of earlier research conducted by Crowley-Koch et al. (2011) on the effects of pedestrian prompts on motorist yielding at crosswalks. In addition, this current study extended the previous study by examining the effects of a pedestrian prompt through a wearing of a Bell® Spider flasher over left arm at resting position, on motorist yielding at a controlled crosswalk. Implications and future directions are discussed.

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Hammond, James. "Child pedestrian road safety : practical training and interactive learning environments to improve road safety." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/374716/.

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Pedestrian training is one method of road safety education used to improve roadside behaviour and crossing skills in order to improve road safety. ‘Kerbcraft’ is a comprehensive pedestrian training scheme, recommended by the United Kingdom government, which has been demonstrated to be effective in improving pedestrian skills at the roadside. Very few Local Authorities have adopted Kerbcraft in its entirety due to cost and time constraints, with just five out of 57 local authorities surveyed operating a full Kerbcraft scheme. With a lack of comprehensive evaluation, the effectiveness of these adapted schemes is unknown. Many local authorities supplement on-street training with in-class activities that are generally designed to target knowledge acquisition, rather than behavioural improvements. Interactive Video has been shown to have potential to improve ‘hard’ procedural skills such as those used when walking at the roadside. An interactive video has been developed, designed to improve skills when children cross between parked cars. The interactive video is shown to be a usable and engaging educational resource with primary school children and shows that it can positively influence on-street behaviour overall. The video was most successful in a junior school with a high level of engagement observed and least successful in a primary school where the level of observed engagement in the video was lower.

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Книги з теми "Pedestrian safety"

Holt, Daniel J., ed. Pedestrian Safety. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/pt-112.

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United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, ed. Law enforcement pedestrian safety. [Washington, D.C.] (400 7th St., SW, Washington 20590): U.S. Dept. of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1992.

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United States. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, ed. Pedestrian safety toolkit. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1999.

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Moudon, Anne Vernez. Pedestrian safety and transit corridors. [Olympia, Wash.]: Washington State Dept. of Transportation, 2003.

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V, Zegeer Charles, United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety, and University of North Carolina (System). Highway Safety Research Center, eds. PEDSAFE: Pedestrian safety guide and countermeasure selection system. Washington, DC]: U.S. Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, 2004.

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San Francisco (Calif.). Municipal Transportation Agency. SFMTA pedestrian safety update. San Francisco, Calif: San Francisco Municipal Transportation Agency, 2011.

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Pedestrian and bicyclist intersection safety indices. McLean, VA: U.S. Dept. of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Research, Development and Technology, Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, 2007.

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Dan, Nabors, VHB/Vanasse Hangen Brustlin Inc, and United States. Federal Highway Administration. Office of Safety., eds. Pedestrian safety guide for transit agencies. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration, 2008.

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Florida. Dept. of Transportation. Safety Office., ed. Florida pedestrian safety plan. Tallahassee, Fla: Florida Dept. of Transportation, 1992.

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Thomas, Libby, Laura Sandt, Charlie Zegeer, Wesley Kumfer, Katy Lang, Bo Lan, Zachary Horowitz, Andrew Butsick, Joseph Toole, and Robert J. Schneider. Systemic Pedestrian Safety Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/25255.

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Частини книг з теми "Pedestrian safety"

Kim, In-Ju. "Introduction." In Pedestrian Fall Safety Assessments, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56242-1_1.

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Kim, In-Ju. "Pedestrian Fall Incidence and Slip Resistance Measurements." In Pedestrian Fall Safety Assessments, 17–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56242-1_2.

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Kim, In-Ju. "Pedestrian Slip Resistance Measurements: Verities and Challenges." In Pedestrian Fall Safety Assessments, 67–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56242-1_3.

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Kim, In-Ju. "Tribological Approaches for the Pedestrian Safety Measurements and Assessments." In Pedestrian Fall Safety Assessments, 95–119. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56242-1_4.

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Kim, In-Ju. "Friction and Wear Mechanisms." In Pedestrian Fall Safety Assessments, 121–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56242-1_5.

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Kim, In-Ju. "Surface Measurement and Analysis." In Pedestrian Fall Safety Assessments, 149–98. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56242-1_6.

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Kim, In-Ju. "A Practical Design Search for Optimal Floor Surface Finishes—A Case Study." In Pedestrian Fall Safety Assessments, 199–224. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56242-1_7.

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Kim, In-Ju. "Future Works." In Pedestrian Fall Safety Assessments, 225–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56242-1_8.

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Howarth, Ian. "Interactions Between Drivers and Pedestrians: Some New Approaches to Pedestrian Safety." In Human Behavior and Traffic Safety, 171–85. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2173-6_9.

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Fürstenberg, K. "Pedestrian Safety Based on Laserscanner Data." In Advanced Microsystems for Automotive Applications 2005, 215–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-27463-4_16.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Pedestrian safety"

Shehada, Mohammad, Akshit Ahuja, and Steven D. Schrock. "Advancing Pedestrian Safety and Case Study of Pedestrian Psychology at Railroad Grade Crossing." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5780.

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Contrary to the declining railroad-highway crossing crashes over the past decade, the pedestrian-railroad interface has remained relatively unchanged. While engineering solutions and law enforcement have been tried, little is known about their effectiveness on the pedestrian mindset and psychology. One of the main reason for crashes of this type is that pedestrians tend to be restless while waiting at railroad crossings. This can lead to pedestrians performing irrational acts such as attempting to walk across a crossing before a train arrives. Earlier, trains traveled at slower speeds which pedestrians could react to easily and trains had less freight so it needed less braking distance and thus it was easier to control them. There are many factors with the potential to improve pedestrian safety at railroad crossings. In this paper the current safety norms for railroad crossings existing across in more than 40 major cities in US were analyzed to determine the existing safety standards for pedestrians at railroad grade crossings. State departments of transportation (DOTs) were contacted, along with professionals in public and private sector involved in safety at railroad crossing and ask them what according to them is a high risk railroad grade crossings in their area, safety practices that are common in their area, various threats to Safety implementation and then analyze these crossing for the types, safety signs and equipment present at them.

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Dahak, Fatima-Zahra, and Nicolas Saunier. "Cyclist-Pedestrian Cohabitation in Seasonal Pedestrian Streets." In International Cycling Safety Conference. Technische Universität Dresden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25368/2022.485.

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Pashkevich, Maria, Anna Krasilnikova, and Dago Antov. "Method for Pedestrian Crossing Risk Assessment and Safety Level Determination: the Case Study of Tallinn." In CIT2016. Congreso de Ingeniería del Transporte. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/cit2016.2016.4124.

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Pedestrians are a part of vulnerable road users which safety requires a special attention. Official statistics in Estonia from the last decade returns the following numbers: around 30 % of all road traffic accidents in the country were accidents with pedestrians, 32 % of all traffic fatalities were finished with pedestrian death. Pedestrian crossing has the biggest risk level between all kinds of pedestrian facilities, because it includes a direct conflict point between vehicle and pedestrian traffics. The article presents a method to assess risk of pedestrian crossing users and to determine safety level of this road infrastructure element. This approach is based on observation and collection of infrastructural as well as traffic data, which includes: (1) information about each pedestrian crossing facility, its location and state, (2) data about accidents with pedestrians and their features, (3) data from road traffic measurements. The main advantages of the described method are universality and comprehensiveness. The case study was done in Kristiine district of the city Tallinn, which was chosen as the most typical average district of Estonian capital. Results of this study are also presented in the article.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIT2016.2016.4124

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Amoroso, S., and L. Caruso. "Pedestrian safety indicators study." In SUSTAINABLE CITY 2008. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/sc080431.

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Garrido, Daniel, Joao Jacob, Daniel Castro Silva, and Rosaldo J. F. Rossetti. "Pedestrian Simulation In SUMO Through Externally Modelled Agents." In 35th ECMS International Conference on Modelling and Simulation. ECMS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7148/2021-0111.

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Pedestrian simulation is often forgotten or implemented poorly in most high profile traffic simulators. This is the case of SUMO, where the pedestrian models are very simple and not based in real human behaviour, making it impossible to study pedestrian safety with it. With this in mind, the ability to externally control pedestrians in SUMO was explored. Using Unity3D to create an external three dimensional representation of a running SUMO simulation, we were able to create and control pedestrians through the TraCI API. This also opened the possibility to use virtual reality immersed subjects to participate in the simulation, opening the door to study real pedestrian behaviour to create more elaborate models. It also allowed us to completely offload the pedestrian simulation from SUMO to Unity3D, which was tested with the external implementation of the social forces model, without losing SUMO's interactions between pedestrians and motorized vehicles.

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Hussain, Qinaat, Wael Alhajyaseen, and Mohamed Kharbeche. "Enhancing Pedestrian Safety through the Development of Advanced Operational Strategies for Crosswalks in Residential Areas." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2021.0157.

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Pedestrians are the most vulnerable group in the traffic. Every year approximately 40,000 pedestrians are killed in the world due to road traffic crashes. In the state of Qatar, the situations are even worse with around one-third of the total road traffic deaths coming from pedestrians. The main aim of this driving simulator study was to investigate the impact of different measures on driving behavior. To this end, five different treatments were tested and compared with the untreated condition. The treatment conditions included two detection-based measures (i.e., Variable Message Sign VMS and LED), two different road-marking conditions (i.e., Zigzag marking and road narrowing marking) and a physical road narrowing condition. Each condition was tested with a yield/stop controlled marked crosswalk for two situations. In the first situation (Situation PA) there was no pedestrian at the crosswalk, while the second situation was based on the presence of a pedestrian (Situation PP). The experiment was conducted using the driving simulator at Qatar University. Sixty-one volunteers possessing a valid Qatari driving license participated in the study. The collected data was analyzed for drivers’ yielding rates, vehicle-pedestrian interactions, and driving speed. The results showed that the three conditions, i.e., VMS, Narrowing and Physical were effective in improving drivers’ yielding rate up to 98.2%. In addition, we found that all the treatment conditions were effective in reducing drivers’ travel speed in Situation PP. Nevertheless, in the situation with no pedestrian present, the physical road narrowing outperformed the other conditions in terms of reducing travel speed. Taking into account the results from this study, we recommend Physical condition as a potentially effective and low-cost treatment for improving safety at yield/stop controlled crosswalks.

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Yang, Seung Jun. "Economical Pedestrian Safety Equipment Countermeasures." In SAE 2015 World Congress & Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2015-01-1462.

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Alluri, Priyanka, Albert Gan, and Kirolos Haleem. "Pedestrian Safety at Signalized Intersections." In Second Transportation & Development Congress 2014. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784413586.044.

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Shi, Guifang, Hao Yuan, Jianchuan Cheng, and Xiaoming Huang. "Pedestrian Safety Consideration and Improvement." In Second International Conference on Transportation Engineering. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41039(345)149.

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Kumar, Akshay, Amarveer Singh, and Ekambir Sidhu. "Smart-cap for pedestrian safety." In 2015 International Conference on Control, Instrumentation, Communication and Computational Technologies (ICCICCT). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccicct.2015.7475346.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Pedestrian safety"

Bell, Jack, Rik Law, Howell Li, Ben Anderson, and Darcy M. Bullock. New Opportunities for Automated Pedestrian Performance Measures. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317351.

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Pedestrian safety is an important concern when evaluating intersections. Previous literature has shown that exclusive pedestrian phases improve safety, but at the expense of imposing greater pedestrian and motorist delay. However, outside of crash data, there are no easily implementable performance measures for pedestrians at traffic signals. This study proposes two performance metrics: (1) a time-to-jaywalk measure, and (2) the Conflict Occupancy Ratio (COR) for evaluating concurrent pedestrian signal phasing with turning vehicles. The COR quantifies conflicts between turning vehicles and pedestrians in the crosswalk. The COR is based upon a commercially deployed video detection system that correctly identified the presence of pedestrians to within two per cycle in this study. This performance is likely sufficient for the current application, but as the technology matures it will provide a scalable screening tool to identify intersections that have opportunities for capacity adjustments or warrant further direct field investigation.

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Bhagavathula, Rajaram, Ronald Gibbons, and Andrew Kassing. Roadway Lighting’s Effect on Pedestrian Safety at Intersection and Midblock Crosswalks. Illinois Center for Transportation, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-028.

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This study evaluates the visual performance of four intersection lighting designs and five midblock crosswalk lighting designs along with two pedestrian safety countermeasures (rectangular rapid flashing beacons and flashing signs) at three light levels. The study involved a pedestrian detection task, which was completed at night on a realistic roadway intersection and a midblock crosswalk. The results from the study showed that driver nighttime visual performance at intersection and midblock crosswalks was influenced by the lighting design and light level. Intersections should be illuminated to an average horizontal illuminance of 14 lux (1.3 fc). This light level ensures optimal visibility of pedestrians regardless of the lighting design (or luminaire layout) of the intersection. The average horizontal illuminance of 14 lux (1.3 fc) also increases the visibility of pedestrians when glare from oncoming vehicles is present. The 14 lux (1.3 fc) average horizontal illuminance is valid for all lighting designs evaluated except the lighting design that illuminated the exits of the intersection. When the exits of the intersection are illuminated, an average horizontal illuminance of 24 lux (2.2 fc) is needed to offset the disability glare from opposing vehicles. Midblock crosswalks should be illuminated to an average vertical illuminance of 10 lux (0.9 fc) to ensure optimal pedestrian visibility. Where overhead lighting is available, midblock crosswalk lighting designs that render the pedestrian in positive contrast are recommended. Where overhead lighting is not available, crosswalk illuminators can be used to illuminate midblock crosswalks. At night, pedestrian crossing treatments such as rectangular rapid flashing beacons and flashing signs should not be used for pedestrian visibility at midblock crosswalks. Pedestrians crossing treatments should be used in conjunction with overhead lighting or crosswalk illuminators at the established vertical illuminance to ensure optimal pedestrian visibility at midblock crosswalks.

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Ahmad, Noshin S., Raul Pineda-Mendez, Fahad Alqahtani, Mario Romero, Jose Thomaz, and Andrew P. Tarko. Effective Design and Operation of Pedestrian Crossings. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317438.

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Pedestrians are vulnerable road users since they are prone to more severe injuries in any vehicular collision. While innovative solutions promise improved pedestrian safety, a careful analysis of local conditions is required before selecting proper corrective measures. This research study had two focuses: (1) methodology to identify roads and areas in Indiana where the frequency and severity of pedestrian collisions are heightened above the acceptable level, and (2) selecting effective countermeasures to mitigate or eliminate safety-critical conditions. Two general methods of identifying specific pedestrian safety concerns were proposed: (1) area-wide analysis, and (2) road-focused analysis. A suitable tool, Safety Needs Analysis Program (SNAP), is currently under development by the research team and is likely the future method to implement an area-wide type of analysis. The following models have been developed to facilitate the road-focused analysis: (1) pedestrian crossing activity level to fill the gap in pedestrian traffic data, and (2) crash probability and severity models to estimate the risk of pedestrian crashes around urban intersections in Indiana. The pedestrian safety model was effectively utilized in screening and identifying high-risk urban intersection segments for safety audits and improvements. In addition, detailed guidance was provided for many potential pedestrian safety countermeasures with specific behavioral and road conditions that justify these countermeasures. Furthermore, a procedure was presented to predict the economic feasibility of the countermeasures based on crash reduction factors. The findings of this study should help expand the existing RoadHAT tool used by the Indiana Department of Transportation (INDOT) to emphasize and strengthen pedestrian safety considerations in the current tool.

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Nafakh, Abdullah Jalal, Yunchang Zhang, Sarah Hubbard, and Jon D. Fricker. Assessment of a Displaced Pedestrian Crossing for Multilane Arterials. Purdue University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317318.

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This research explores the benefits of a pedestrian crosswalk that is physically displaced from the intersection, using simulation software to estimate the benefits in terms of delay and pedestrian travel time. In many cases, the displaced pedestrian crossing may provide benefits such as reduced vehicle delay, reduced crossing distance, increased opportunity for signal progression, and reduced conflicts with turning vehicles. The concurrent pedestrian service that is traditionally used presents potential conflicts between pedestrians and three vehicular movements: right turns, permissive left turns, and right turns on red. The findings of this research suggest that a displaced pedestrian crossing should be considered as an option by designers when serving pedestrians crossing multi-lane arterials. In addition to reduced delay, pedestrian safety may be improved due to the shorter crossing distance, the elimination of conflicts with turning vehicles, and the potential for high driver compliance rates associated with signals, such as pedestrian hybrid beacons.

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Monsere, Christopher, and Miguel Figliozzi. Safety Effectiveness of Pedestrian Crossing Enhancements. Portland State University, December 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.168.

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Li, Taylor, Sirisha Kothuri, Katherine Keeling, and Xianfeng (Terry) Yang. Pedestrian Behavior Study to Advance Pedestrian Safety in Smart Transportation Systems Using Innovative LiDAR Senso. Transportation Research and Education Center (TREC), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.286.

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Hurwitz, David. Improved Pedestrian Safety at Signalized Intersections Operating the Flashing Yellow Arrow. Portland State University Library, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/trec.70.

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Sriraj, P. S., Kazuya Kawamura, Paul Metaxatos, Joseph Fazio, Chaitanya Pujari, Nahid Parvez Farazi, and Pooria Choobchian. Railroad-Highway Crossing Safety Improvement Evaluation and Prioritization Tool. Illinois Center for Transportation, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/23-009.

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The expected crash frequency model of Illinois Department of Transportation’s Bureau of Design and Environment needed improvement to incorporate track circuitry as well as pedestrian exposure at railroad-highway grade crossings to make the model more comprehensive. The researchers developed, calibrated, and validated three models to predict collision rates at public, at-grade railroad-highway crossings in Illinois’ six-county northeast region for prioritizing railroad-highway crossings for safety improvements. The first model updated B-factors in the existing Illinois model, which was last validated with data from 1968. The second model modified B-factors to include circuitry types given the active maximum traffic control device at the crossing and added another factor (i.e., P-factor) to account for pedestrian daily traffic using the crossing. The third model added a P-factor to the existing US Department of Transportation’s web accident prediction system model to account for daily pedestrian traffic. Using year 2018 validation data, the first model had an r2 of 0.20 with reported collision rates. The second model had an r2 of 0.58 with reported collision rates, while the existing BDE model had an r2 of 0.17 with year 2018 reported collision rates. The third model had an r2 of 0.70 with reported collision rates using 2018 validation data whereas the existing US Department of Transportation’s web-based accident prediction system model had an r2 of 0.50 using year 2018 validation data. The three models are presented in this report along with a digital tool using the second model for illustrative purposes.

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Sanchez, Paul Ernest. Pedestrian and traffic safety in parking lots at SNL/NM : audit background report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/966268.

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Sarofim, Samer, and Aly Tawfik. Creating Safer Communities for the Use of Active Transportation Modes in California: The Development of Effective Communication Message Strategy for Vulnerable Road Users. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.2030.

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Despite increased efforts to improve safety in recent years (e.g., the Focus Cities Program in California), California continues to have a high rate of pedestrian and bicyclist fatalities. Currently, the state currently lacks a cohesive messaging strategy to improve behaviors related to pedestrian and cyclist traffic safety practices. To fulfill this need, this research showcases the differential effect of message framing on attitudes and intended behaviors related to pedestrian and cyclists traffic safety practices. This project investigated factors & risky behaviors contributing to accidents involving vulnerable road users, preventive measures to decrease accidents involving vulnerable road users, and more. The qualitative analysis presented a significant lack of coherent, long-term, evidence-based communication strategies that aimed at enhancing the safety of vulnerable road users in California. Quantitatively, this research also experimentally investigated various messages, employing different time horizons and regulatory focus message framings. Findings indicate that the messages with a limited time horizon tend to be associated with better safety perceptions and attitudes than messages with an expansive time horizon. California transportation authorities, professionals, and advocacy groups will be able to use this information to effectively allocate the communication effort and spending to induce attitudinal and behavioral change that can impact the safety of active transportation modes.

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