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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Pea and"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 січня 2025

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Статті в журналах з теми "Pea and"

Fukumoto, F., Y. Masuda, and K. Hanada. "Pea Tissue Necrosis Induced by Cucumber mosaic virus Alone or Together with Watermelon mosaic virus." Plant Disease 87, no. 4 (April 2003): 324–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.4.324.

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Necrotic diseases of the stems, petioles, and leaves of pea plants (Pisum sativumL.), leading to wilting and death, occur in the Wakayama and Mie Prefectures of Japan. Based on host range, symptomatology, electron microscopy, and serological relationships, Watermelon mosaic virus (WMV) and three Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolates (PE2, PE3A, and PB1) were isolated from diseased plants in the Wakayama Prefecture. In the Mie Prefecture, CMV (PEAN) also was isolated from pea plants with similar symptoms. Single infection with CMV (PB1 or PEAN) caused stem necrosis and eventual death of pea plants. Similar symptoms developed after double infection with WMV and PE2 or PE3A, whereas single infection with PE2 and PE3A induced symptomless infection in pea plants. We concluded either CMV alone or synergistic effects of mixed infection with CMV and WMV induced pea plant stem necrosis.

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Suto, Takeru, Naoki Kawano, Kai Okazaki, Yuma Takebuchi, Hiroyuki Fukushima, Takumi Kato, Daisuke Nakauchi, and Takayuki Yanagida. "Scintillation properties of (C₆H₅C _n H_2nNH₃)₂PbCl₄ (n = 1–4)." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 62, no. 1 (November 22, 2022): 010610. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1347-4065/ac8f02.

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Abstract Organic–inorganic perovskite crystals (C6H5C n H2n NH3)2PbCl4 (n = 1: PMA, n = 2: PEA, n = 3: PPA, and n = 4: PBA) were prepared, and their scintillation characteristics were evaluated. A broad emission peak originating from self-trapped excitons (STE) was observed from all of the crystals when excited by 310 nm light. Further, the broad emission was also clearly observed from PMA, PEA, and PBA under X-ray. Moreover, the scintillation light yields under α-ray were calculated to be 1460 (PEA), 439 (PPA), and 120 (PBA) photons/5.5 MeV-α, and the light yield of PEA was higher than that of a ZnO single crystal. In addition, all of the crystals showed a fast decay-time attributable to STE under X-ray.

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Politano, Valerie T., Robert M. Diener, Mildred S. Christian, David R. Hawkins, Gretchen Ritacco, and Anne Marie Api. "The Pharmacokinetics of Phenylethyl Alcohol (PEA)." International Journal of Toxicology 32, no. 1 (January 2013): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1091581812471688.

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The present studies were conducted to compare the dermal absorption, plasma pharmacokinetics, and excretion of phenylethyl alcohol (PEA) by pregnant and nonpregnant rats, rabbits, and humans. The PEA is a natural fragrance material that is widely used in perfumes, soaps, and lotions and is a major ingredient of natural rose oil. Following dermal (430, 700, or 1400 mg/kg body weight [bw]), gavage (430 mg/kg bw), or dietary (430 mg/kg bw) administration of PEA to rats, plasma concentrations of PEA were found to be low regardless of the route of administration. The plasma concentrations of phenylacetic acid (PAA, the major metabolite of PEA) greatly exceeded the concentrations of PEA and were highest after gavage, followed by dermal then dietary administration. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion were compared following topical application of 14C-labeled PEA to rats, rabbits, and humans (specific activities of dosing solutions: 58-580, 164, and 50 µCi/mL, respectively). In rabbits, the plasma concentration–time profile for PAA was markedly prolonged compared to rats or humans. In humans, only 7.6% of the applied dose of PEA was absorbed, versus 77% in rats and 50% in rabbits. Based on a human dermal systemic exposure of 0.3 mg/kg per day from the use of multiple consumer personal care products containing PEA, a rat dermal no observed adverse effect level of 70 mg/kg per day, and the percentage of dose absorbed in humans, the margin of safety exceeds 2600 concluding that, under normal fragrance use conditions, PEA is not a developmental toxicity hazard for humans.

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Lugito, Graecia, and Eamor M. Woo. "Intertwining lamellar assembly in porous spherulites composed of two ring-banded poly(ethylene adipate) and poly(butylene adipate)." Soft Matter 11, no. 5 (2015): 908–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm02489c.

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SEM figures show interiors of fracture surfaces for neat poly(butylene adipate) (PBA), neat poly(ethylene adipate) (PEA), and 25/75 PBA/PEA blend, respectively, crystallized at 30 °C. The former two show ring-banded spherulites with corrugated-board layers but the latter reveals intertwining lamellae with porosity owing to crystal impingement.

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Congdon, B. S., B. A. Coutts, M. Renton, M. Banovic, and R. A. C. Jones. "Pea seed-borne mosaic virus in Field Pea: Widespread Infection, Genetic Diversity, and Resistance Gene Effectiveness." Plant Disease 100, no. 12 (December 2016): 2475–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-05-16-0670-re.

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From 2013 to 2015, incidences of Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (PSbMV) infection were determined in semi-leafless field pea (Pisum sativum) crops and trial plots growing in the Mediterranean-type environment of southwest Australia. PSbMV was found at incidences of 2 to 51% in 9 of 13 crops, 1 to 100% in 20 of 24 cultivar plots, and 1 to 57% in 14 of 21 breeding line plots. Crops and plots of ‘PBA Gunyah’, ‘Kaspa’, and ‘PBA Twilight’ were frequently PSbMV infected but none of PSbMV resistance gene sbm1-carrying ‘PBA Wharton’ plants were infected. In 2015, 14 new PSbMV isolates obtained from these various sources were sequenced and their partial coat protein (CP) nucleotide sequences analyzed. Sequence identities and phylogenetic comparison with 39 other PSbMV partial CP nucleotide sequences from GenBank demonstrated that at least three PSbMV introductions have occurred to the region, one of which was previously unknown. When plants of ‘Greenfeast’ and PBA Gunyah pea (which both carry resistance gene sbm2) and PBA Wharton and ‘Yarrum’ (which carry sbm1) were inoculated with PSbMV pathotype P-2 isolate W1, resistance was overcome in a small proportion of plants of each cultivar, showing that resistance-breaking variants were likely to be present. An improved management effort by pea breeders, advisors, and growers is required to diminish infection of seed stocks, avoid sbm gene resistance being overcome in the field, and mitigate the impact of PSbMV on seed yield and quality. A similar management effort is likely to be needed in field pea production elsewhere in the world.

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Zhang, Pei, Shirui Zhao, Yaoyao Yu, Huan Wang, Yan Yang, and Chenguang Liu. "Biocompatibility Profile and In Vitro Cellular Uptake of Self-assembled Alginate Nanoparticles." Molecules 24, no. 3 (February 3, 2019): 555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24030555.

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Polymeric nanoparticles could offer promising controlled drug delivery. The biocompatibility is of extreme importance for future applications in humans. Self-assembled polymeric nanoparticles based on phenylalanine ethyl ester (PAE)-modified alginate (Alg) had been successfully prepared and characterized in our lab. However, little is known about their interaction with cells and other biological systems. In this study, nanoparticles (NPs) based on PAE-Alg conjugates (PEA-NPs) with different degree of substitution (DS) were prepared and investigated. Our results showed that PEA-NPs had no effects on the proliferation of the human intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells at concentrations up to 1000 μg/mL. Furthermore, the in vitro cellular uptake profile of PEA-NPs, concerning several parameters involved in the application of therapeutic or diagnostic NPs, such as NPs concentration, time and temperature, was described. Different NPs have been adopted for cellular uptake studies and the NPs internalized into Caco-2 cells were quantified. Cellular uptake efficiency could reach 60% within 4 h. PEA-NPs also showed greater cell permeability than oleoyl alginate ester nanoparticles (OAE-NPs) previously prepared in our lab. Our studies reveal that NPs based on PEA conjugate are promising nanosystems for cellular delivery.

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Funnell, Deanna L., and Hans D. VanEtten. "Pisatin Demethylase Genes Are on Dispensable Chromosomes While Genes for Pathogenicity on Carrot and Ripe Tomato Are on Other Chromosomes in Nectria haematococca." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 15, no. 8 (August 2002): 840–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi.2002.15.8.840.

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Studies on the wide-host-range fungus Nectria haematococca MP VI have shown a linkage between virulence on pea and five of nine PDA genes that encode the ability to detoxify the pea phytoalexin, pisatin. Most of the PDA genes are on chromosomes of approximately 1.6 megabases (Mb) and two of these genes, PDA1-2 and PDA6-1, have been demonstrated to reside on approximately 1.6-Mb chromosomes that can be lost during meiosis. Prior studies also have shown that the dispensable chromosome carrying PDA6-1 contains a gene (MAK1) necessary for maximum virulence on chickpea. The present study evaluated whether the other approximately 1.6-Mb chromosomes that carry PDA genes also are dispensable, their relationship to each other, and whether they contain genes for pathogenicity on hosts other than pea or chickpea. DNA from the PDA1-1 chromosome (associated with virulence on pea) and the PDA6-1 chromosome (associated with virulence on chickpea) were used to probe blots of contour-clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) gels of isolates carrying different PDA genes and genetically related Pda¯ isolates. All of the approximately 1.6-Mb PDA-bearing chromosomes hybridized with both probes, indicating that they share significant similarity. Genetically related Pda¯ progeny lacked chromosomes of approximately 1.6 Mb and there was no significant hybridization of any chromosomes to the PDA1-1 and PDA6-1 chromosome probes. When isolates carrying different PDA genes and related Pda¯ isolates were tested for virulence on carrot and ripe tomato, there was no significant difference in lesion sizes produced by Pda+ and Pda- isolates, indicating that genes for pathogenicity on these hosts are not on the PDA-containing chromosomes. These results support the hypothesis that the chromosomes carrying PDA genes are dispensable and carry host-specific virulence genes while genes for pathogenicity on other hosts are carried on other chromosomes.

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Lauk, R., and E. Lauk. "Pea-oat intercrops are superior to pea-wheat and pea-barley intercrops." Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science 58, no. 2 (June 2008): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09064710701412692.

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Yousseef, Manhal, Samuel Lubbers, Florence Housson, and Dominique Valentin. "Sensory evaluation as a tool in assessing the quality of new fermented products." Science and Technology Development Journal 17, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v17i3.1501.

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Ten starter cultures of lactic acid bacteria were used to ferment five mixtures of milk and pea protein (0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% of pea) to select the cocktail that can lead to products similar to traditional yogurt. Product quality evaluation was performed by comparing the sensory profile of 49 formulated products with the profile of a milk fermented by commercial lactic ferments. The sensory profiles were analyzed by means of three-way ANOVAs and a principal component analysis (PCA). Substitution of cow milk protein with 40% of pea proteins reduce starter cultures effects and decrease product quality. In contrast, until 30% of pea protein, starter cultures show positive and negative effects. For example, products fermented by Streptococcus thermophilus + Lactobacillus acidophilus with 30% pea protein have positive characters like creamy and smooth, but Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus + Lactobacillus rhamnosus caused bad quality and negative characters like bitter and astringent even with 100% cow milk.

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Coleman, Jeffrey J., Catherine C. Wasmann, Toshiyuki Usami, Gerard J. White, Esteban D. Temporini, Kevin McCluskey, and Hans D. VanEtten. "Characterization of the Gene Encoding Pisatin Demethylase (FoPDA1) in Fusarium oxysporum." Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions® 24, no. 12 (December 2011): 1482–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/mpmi-05-11-0119.

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The pea pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. pisi is able to detoxify pisatin produced as a defense response by pea, and the gene encoding this detoxification mechanism, FoPDA1, was 82% identical to the cytochrome P450 pisatin demethylase PDA1 gene in Nectria haematococca. A survey of F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi isolates demonstrated that, as in N. haematococca, the PDA gene of F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi is generally located on a small chromosome. In N. haematococca, PDA1 is in a cluster of pea pathogenicity (PEP) genes. Homologs of these PEP genes also were found in the F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi isolates, and PEP1 and PEP5 were sometimes located on the same small chromosomes as the FoPDA1 homologs. Transforming FoPDA1 into a pda– F. oxysporum f. sp. lini isolate conferred pda activity and promoted pathogenicity on pea to some transformants. Different hybridization patterns of FoPDA1 were found in F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi but these did not correlate with the races of the fungus, suggesting that races within this forma specialis arose independently of FoPDA1. FoPDA1 also was present in the formae speciales lini, glycines, and dianthi of F. oxysporum but they had mutations resulting in nonfunctional proteins. However, an active FoPDA1 was present in F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli and it was virulent on pea. Despite their evolutionary distance, the amino acid sequences of FoPDA1 of F. oxysporum f. sp. pisi and F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli revealed only six amino acid differences, consistent with a horizontal gene transfer event accounting for the origin of these genes.

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Дисертації з теми "Pea and"

Byrne, Oonagh Marie Therese. "Incorporation of pea weevil resistance from wild pea (Pisum fulvum) into cultivated field pea (Pisum sativum)." University of Western Australia, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0132.

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The pea weevil (Bruchus pisorum L.) is the most significant pest of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) in Australia. The only available means for controlling pea weevil at the present time is with chemical pesticides. The aim of this study was to introgress natural pea weevil resistance, derived from the wild pea species, Pisum fulvum Sibth. & Sm. into cultivated field pea and devise strategies for screening for the resistance with breeding applications. Traditional breeding methods were used to transfer pea weevil resistance from P. fulvum accession ‘ATC113’ to cultivated field pea, cv. ‘Pennant’. Progeny derived from this population were examined for inheritance of pod and seed resistance. Seed resistance in F2 plants segregated in a ratio of 1:37:26 (resistant: mixed response: susceptible), indicating a trigenic mode of inheritance (1:63), with at least three major recessive genes controlling pea weevil resistance. Seed resistance was conserved over consecutive generations (F2 to F5) and was successfully transferred to populations crossed with a second adapted field pea variety‘Helena’. Pod resistance presented as a quantitative trait in the F2 population, but this resistance was not retained in subsequent generations. Amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) were sought in the parents and in resistant and susceptible F3 plants. Restricted maximum likelihood (REML) analysis was used to identify 13 AFLP markers with a statistically significant association with pea weevil resistance and 23 with pea weevil susceptibility. Principal coordinate analysis (PCO) showed that the AFLP marker loci formed clusters in the PCO space, which could indicate the three proposed gene locations. Eight AFLP markers were cloned, sequenced and converted to sequence characterised amplified regions (SCAR). Two SCAR markers, SC47359 and SC47435 were polymorphic between the resistant and susceptible parents. Both markers co-segregated with the resistant lines and with 30-36% of susceptible lines. Plants which did not possess either band were highly susceptible. The other PCR products were either monomorphic between the resistant and susceptible parents or produced more than one band product. A range of phenotypic traits was measured in the F2 population derived from the hybridisation between P. fulvum and P. sativum and associations with pea weevil resistance were made. In the F2 population, pea weevil resistance was not correlated with any of the negative traits originating from the wild parent, such as increased basal branching, dark seed coat or small seed size, neither was resistance correlated with flower colour, flowering time or seeds per pod. Pea weevil resistance should therefore be transferable with minimal linkage drag. A convenient morphological marker, such as flower or seed colour was not identified in this study based on these results. Using principal component analysis (PCA) as a visual tool, resistant and semi-resistant plants in the F3 and ‘backcross’ introgression populations were identified with improved trait performance compared with the wild parent

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Aked, Julia. "The transport of sugars between pea and pea powdery mildew." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303286.

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Khodapanahi, Ehsan. "Study of field pea accessions for development of an oilseed pea." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=106611.

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The global interest in vegetable oil is due to greater environmental concerns and increasing demand for renewable sources of energy in recent decades. In order to meet the growing demand for vegetable oil, oilseed production has increased globally, and needs to be further extended. In warm temperate regions of Canada, protein and vegetable oil are primarily produced by soybean, which is replaced by canola (Brassica napus) and field pea (Pisum sativum) in less temperate regions of western Canada. The objective of this research was to examine a variety of field pea accessions for the total lipid content in the seeds to create a comparable dual purpose (protein and oil) crop for western Canada. The research was initiated by validation of lipid extraction methods, and multiplication of 174 acquired pea accessions in 2009 and 2010 at McGill University (Quebec, Canada). Lipid extraction was carried out by the validated method (the butanol extraction procedure) presented in chapter 2 and applied to the seeds of pea accessions which were grown to maturity as presented in chapter 3. Lipid content ranged from 0.3 % to 6.3 % with the accession (p<0.0001), the year (p=0.0002) and the interaction of accession by year (p <0.0001) being significant factors on the total lipid production in pea seeds. Among the plant characteristics, which were investigated in the research, seed surface type (wrinkled as compared to smooth) had a significant effect (p= 0.001) on the total lipid production in the seeds. The data can contribute to the selective breeding of field pea accessions for specific traits suitable for lipid production
L'intérêt global dans l'huile végétal est due en partie aux problémes environnementaux et en partie à la hausse de la demande pour des ressources d'énergie renouvables ces dernières décennies. Afin de pouvoir répondre à cette hausse de besoin pour l'huile végétal, il y a eu lieu une hausse globale de la production de l'huile de graines, une hausse qui continue d'augmenter. Dans les régions tempérées chauds du Canada, les protéines et les huiles végétales sont produites surtout par les graines de soja. Dans les régions moins tempérées du Canada, les graines de soja sont remplacées par le canola et les pois. L'objectif de cette recherche a été d'examiner une variété de pois desquelles nous avons extracté les lipides afin de définir une variété destinée à produire une récolte à l'Ouest du Canada. Cette récolte de pois visant à: extraire les protéines et l'huile. La recherche a été initiée par la validation des méthodes d'extraction de lipides, et par la multiplication de 174 accessions de pois en 2009 et 2010 à l'Université de McGill (Québec, Canada). L'extraction de lipides a été effectuée par la méthode validée (la procédure d'extraction par le butanol) présenté au chapitre 2 et a été appliquée aux graines de pois d'accessions qui ont été produites jusqu'à maturité maturité (chapitre 3). La quantité de lipides variait de 0.3% à 6.3% selon l'accession (p<0.0001), l'année (p=0.0002) et l'intéraction d'accession par année (p <0.0001). Pour les autres charactérisques des plantes étudiées dans cette recherche, le type de surface des graines (ridée ou lisse) a eu un effet important (p= 0.001) sur la production totale de lipide dans les graines. Ces données peuvent contribuer à facilité la sélection des pois d'accession: en faveur de ceux qui ont un meilleur potentiel pour la production de d'huile végétale.

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Hoang, Hieu Duy. "Evaluation of Pea Protein and Modified Pea Protein as Egg Replacers." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2012. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/26825.

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Native yellow pea (Pisum sativum) protein isolates (PPIs) showed good foaming and emulsifying properties but a poor gelling characteristic. However, this can be corrected by Transglutaminase (TGase) treatment. PPIs were obtained using alkaline extraction method in which extracting pH, precipitating pH, flour?to?water ratio, and extraction time were optimized to obtain maximum yields and least change in protein functionalities. Extraction pH of 10.0, precipitating pH of 4.3, flour?to?water ratio of 1:6, and 30 minute extraction time were found to be optimum values for pea protein extraction. SDS?PAGE gels showed that the PPI had a very similar protein molecular weight profile as its original flour. TGase treatment was applied on PPIs at different pH levels from 4.3 to 7.0. The SDS?PAGE and RVA tests showed that treatment at pH 6.0 provided the best overall functionality. Large molecular weight (MW) proteins (~ 90,000 Da) and medium MW proteins (~50,000 ? 80,000 Da) were the main substrates for TGase catalyzed reaction whereas most low MW the proteins (< 45,000 Da) were not involved. RVA results indicated that treatments at pH 6.0 and 7.0 had the highest viscosities but the treatment at pH 6.0 had better stability and consistency. Functionality tests indicated that modified PPIs possessed a better viscosity profile than the native PPIs but no improvement in gelling capacity and only minor impact on foaming and emulsifying properties. PPIs performance greatly depended on their final pHs. The foaming capacity, foaming stability, and emulsion capacity were significantly improved when the final pH of PPIs was adjusted from 4.3 to 7.0. The overall sensory evaluation results suggested that TGase?treated PPIs and PPIs were not yet able to replace egg in the cake system. Only PPI can replace egg in the cookie system. TGase?treated samples had a lower acceptability due to an ?off?taste? and a ?strange? flavor. Future work, therefore, should study TGase combined with other treatments to further improve PPIs functionalities. Purification should be integrated into extraction process and other food systems should also be included to extent the scope and role of modified PPIs in food industry.

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Gurgen, Emre. "Pea Protein Isolate Production." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12606434/index.pdf.

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Pea seeds were tempered at moisture contents of 12.0&
#61617
0.1, 13.0&
#61617
0.1, 14.0&
#61617
0.1 and 15.0&
#61617
0.3%. The seeds with different moisture contents were then milled and fractioned according to the particle size of 53, 106, 212, 425 and 850 &
#956
m. Tempering the pea seeds (12.0&
#61617
0.1, 13.0&
#61617
0.1, 14.0&
#61617
0.1 and 15.0&
#61617
0.3%) did not significantly affect the mass and protein fraction in comparison with the pea seeds that are not tempered (11.45&
#61617
0.05%). For the production of pea protein isolate, aqueous-solvent extraction method was used. The protein was extracted with an alkali solution from the ground pea-seeds and precipitated from the extract by bringing the pH down to isoelectric point (pH=4.5). The precipitated protein was separated from the supernatant by centrifugation. The effects of extraction parameters on the yield of extraction such as pH, particle size, temperature, solvent to solid ratio, and salt were studied. The maximum yields were obtained at these conditions
pH: 12.0 for the alkalinity of the extraction medium, 53 &
#956
m for the particle size, 40&
#61616
C for the extraction temperature, 5.0 for the solvent to solid ratio and 0.0 M for the saline concentration. At these extraction conditions, the maximum protein recovery was 72.75% resulting in a product containing 93.29% protein on a dry basis.

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North, Helen Mary. "Pea seed lipoxygenase variants." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253646.

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McVean, Ross Iolo Kester. "Forecasting pea aphid outbreaks." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389386.

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Buchman, Natalie L. "Influences of Pea Morphology and Interacting Factors on Pea Aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum)." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1218819576.

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Lyster, Norman Verle. "The Canadian feed pea market." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ40084.pdf.

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He, Shiping. "Protein engineering of pea plastocyanin." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295349.

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Книги з теми "Pea and"

1864-1927, Lochhead William, and Ontario Agricultural College, eds. Peas and the pea weevil. Toronto: L.K. Cameron, 1997.

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Miles, Carol A. Pea shoots. [Pullman, Wash.]: Washington State University Cooperative Extension, 2003.

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Ambrósio, Daniela. PEA 2019. Torres Vedras, Portugal: Emerge, 2019.

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Rosenthal, Amy Krouse. Little Pea. San Francisco: Chronicle Books, 2005.

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Gary, Walter J. Pea leafminer. Pullman, [Wash.]: Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1986.

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Agricultural Development and Advisory Service., ed. Pea moth. Alnwick: MAFF, ADAS, 1985.

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AGRICULTURE, US DEPARTMENT OF. Lancer perennial pea. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, 1986.

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ill, Williams Sam 1955, ed. Pea pod babies. Brooklyn, N.Y: Handprint Books, 2003.

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Poole, Amy Lowry. The pea blossom. New York: Holiday House, 2005.

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Battut, Éric. The little pea. New York: Skyhorse Pub., 2011.

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Donato, Dominique M., Steven K. Hanks, Kenneth A. Jacobson, M. P. Suresh Jayasekara, Zhan-Guo Gao, Francesca Deflorian, John Papaconstantinou, et al. "PED/PEA-15." In Encyclopedia of Signaling Molecules, 1364. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0461-4_101016.

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Warkentin, Thomas D., Petr Smýkal, Clarice J. Coyne, Norman Weeden, Claire Domoney, Deng-Jin Bing, Antonio Leonforte, et al. "Pea." In Grain Legumes, 37–83. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2797-5_2.

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Swidan, Sahar. "Pea." In Advanced Therapeutics in Pain Medicine, 323–30. First edition. | Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2021.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429504891-20.

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Mondor, Martin. "Pea." In Pulses, 245–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41376-7_14.

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Kour, Jasmeet, Gulzar Ahmad Nayik, Raees ul Haq, Naveen Anand, Mohammed Shafiq Alam, Breetha Ramaiyan, Renu Sharma, Nowsheen Nazir, and Swapan Banerjee. "Pea." In Antioxidants in Vegetables and Nuts - Properties and Health Benefits, 3–17. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-7470-2_1.

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Parthasarathy, S., P. Lakshmidevi, P. Yashodha, and C. Gopalakrishnan. "Pea." In Pests and Diseases in Vegetable Crops, 199–210. London: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003504153-17.

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Casey, Rod, and Claire Domoney. "Pea Globulins." In Seed Proteins, 171–208. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4431-5_9.

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Ambrose, Mike. "Garden Pea." In Vegetables II, 3–26. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-74110-9_1.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "PEA Palmitate." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege, 404. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_7494.

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Almeida, Nuno Felipe, Diego Rubiales, and Maria Carlota Vaz Patto. "Grass Pea." In Grain Legumes, 251–65. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-2797-5_8.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Pea and"

Allgaier, J., and M. J. S. Farmer. "The Pill and the Pea." In American Thoracic Society 2021 International Conference, May 14-19, 2021 - San Diego, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2021.203.1_meetingabstracts.a2195.

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Selmi, Afef, Zaki Brahmi, and Mohamed Mohsen Gammoudi. "PEA: Predicting Expert Agents approach." In 2020 IEEE 29th International Conference on Enabling Technologies: Infrastructure for Collaborative Enterprises (WETICE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wetice49692.2020.00012.

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Meenual, Thongchai. "Roadmapping the PEA Smart Grids." In International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Development: Issues and Strategies (ESD 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/esd.2010.5598878.

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�nanskikh, Viktor, Alexander Papakhin, and Lyubov Shleina. "OBTAINING MALTODEXTRIN FROM PEA FLOUR." In 21st SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference Proceedings 2021. STEF92 Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2021/6.1/s25.27.

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Barillot, Romain, Valerie Chevalier, Didier Combes, and Gaetan Louarn. "Variability of pea morphogenesis. An exploratory study based on six pea genotypes with contrasting architectures." In 2012 IEEE 4th International Symposium on Plant Growth Modeling, Simulation, Visualization and Applications (PMA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pma.2012.6524811.

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Davletshina, L. S. "TASKS AND ASPECTS OF PEA BREEDING." In Международная студенческая научно-практическая конференция "Наука. Образование. Профессия". Башкирский государственный аграрный университет, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31563/9785745607950-2022-51-53.

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Rasskazova, Ieva, and Asnate Kirse-Ozolina. "Field pea Pisum Sativum L. as a perspective ingredient for vegan foods: a review." In Research for Rural Development 2020. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/rrd.26.2020.019.

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Dry seeds of peas (Pisum sativum L.) have long been used as a staple food and feed globally, and its nutritional, health and ecological benefits comply with growing demand for novel vegan foods intended for health and sustainability conscious individuals. The aim of this study was to review research findings and latest information on field pea usage as a functional ingredient in vegan foods. Monographic method was used to analyse field pea Pisum sativum L. usage as a diverse and multifunctional ingredient in vegan foods, covering latest available information on chemical composition of field pea and main food ingredients made from field pea, focusing on the varieties from which yellow split pea is produced; their impact on ready product’s nutrition, sensory properties and application in food industry. Major types of novel vegan foods containing field peas available on market were named. Pea protein, starch and fibre have demonstrated functional properties in different food systems, including – emulsification, oil-in-water system stabilisation, texture modification, binding, gelation, foaming, and solubility. It is functionally possible and nutritionally and ecologically desirable to develop novel vegan foods intended as animal product alternatives with acceptable sensory properties.

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Biming Tian, K. Merrick, Shui Yu, and Jiankun Hu. "A hierarchical pea-based anomaly detection model." In 2013 International Conference on Computing, Networking and Communications (ICNC 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccnc.2013.6504158.

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Meenual, T. "The PEA SmartGrids framework for effective distribution." In 20th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2009). IET, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp.2009.0557.

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Kulaeva, O. A., E. A. Zorin, D. A. Romanyuk, M. L. Gordon, E. S. Gribchenko, O. Y. Shtark, A. M. Afonin, I. A. Tikhonovich, and V. A. Zhukov. "Characterization of pea (Pisum sativum L.) microRNAs." In 2nd International Scientific Conference "Plants and Microbes: the Future of Biotechnology". PLAMIC2020 Organizing committee, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.28983/plamic2020.138.

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Pea microRNAs and their targets were identified, and their differential expression was analyzed during the development of symbiosis with rhizobia and mycorrhizal fungi, and under conditions of abiotic stress caused by cadmium.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Pea and"

McGregor, Lisa, Sarah Frazer, and Derick Brinkerhoff. Thinking and Working Politically: Lessons from Diverse and Inclusive Applied Political Economy Analysis. RTI Press, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2020.rr.0038.2004.

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Political economy analysis (PEA) has emerged as a valuable approach for assessing context and the local systems where international development actors seek to intervene. PEA approaches and tools have grown and adapted over the last 40 years through innovations by donor agencies and practitioners. Our analysis of nine PEAs reveals the following findings: PEAs can make positive contributions to technical interventions; engaging project staff in PEAs increases the likelihood that they will be open to a thinking and working politically mindset and approach; inclusion of gender equity and social inclusion (GESI) in PEAs helps to uncover and address hidden power dynamics; and explicitly connecting PEA findings to project implementation facilitates adaptive management. Implementation lessons learned include careful consideration of logistics, timing, and team members. Our experience and research suggest applied PEAs provide valuable evidence for strengthening evidence-based, adaptive, international development programming. The findings highlight the promise of PEA as well as the need for ongoing learning and research to address continued challenges.

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Fawcett, James A. Double-Cropped Field Pea Crop Rotation Study. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1214.

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Fawcett, James A., Tom Miller, and Kevin Van Dee. Double-Cropped Field Pea Crop Rotation Study. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-567.

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Fawcett, James A., Thomas G. Miller, and Kevin Van Dee. Double-Cropped Field Pea Crop Rotation Study. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-586.

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Njoka, Josephat G., Mark S. Honeyman, and Thomas G. Miller. Effects of Feeding Iowa-Grown Field Pea on Finishing Pig Performance. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2539.

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Young, Craig. Problematic plant monitoring in Pea Ridge National Military Park: 2006–2021. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293656.

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Managers are challenged with the impact of problematic plants, including exotic, invasive, and pest plant species. Information on the cover and frequency of these plant species is essential for developing risk-based approaches to managing them. Based on surveys conducted in 2006, 2013, 2018, and 2021, Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network staff and contractors identified a cumulative total of 38 potentially problematic plant species in Pea Ridge National Military Park. Of the 35 species found in 2021, we characterized 13 as very low frequency, 9 as low frequency, 9 as medium frequency, and 4 as high frequency. Of these 35 species, midpoint cover estimates of 4 medium frequency and all 4 high frequency species exceeded the 10-acre threshold. The 10-acre threshold represents a limit beyond which eradication of a problematic plant species is likely not possible. Clearing of eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana) continues to be evident in our observations, and sericea lespedeza (Lespedeza cuneata) appears to have increased as clearing progressed. The rapid increase in Japanese stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) appears to be parkwide. Because of the number, extent, and cover of problematic plants in the park, control efforts should focus on early detection treatments and strategic treatment of high priority, widespread species to protect features of the park’s natural and cultural landscapes. High priority species may include plant species capable of rapid spread, species at low population levels, and species that can be effectively controlled.

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Leis, Sherry, and Mary Short. Vegetation community monitoring at Pea Ridge National Military Park, Arkansas: 2007–2021. National Park Service, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2299454.

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Resource managers at Pea Ridge National Military Park manage the natural communities of the park as a backdrop for interpreting the civil war battle that occurred on March 7–8, 1862. Restoration of the landscape to the vegetation communities that were present at the time of the battle is ongoing. Priorities for restoration include density, form, and vegetation structure, but native representative species are also desired. Heartland Inventory and Monitoring Network ecologists observed plant community sites in park woodlands in 2007, 2012, 2016, and 2021. Climate may influence vegetation and other park natural resources. Temperatures have been increasing at the park, but precipitation and drought indices did not demonstrate significant trends. There was a great degree of interannual variability in precipitation and drought metrics. Phenological data indicated earlier first bloom and leaf-out dates. Overstory canopy, basal area, density, and tree stocking were similar through time, but class 1, midstory trees increased in basal area and density after 2007. The overstory structure remained that of a closed woodland despite prescribed fires and cedar thinning that occurred at the park. Our monitoring data show that fire management goals for overstory reduction have not yet been met. Ground cover was similar through time except for bare soil and deciduous leaf litter. Bare soil and leaf litter experienced a pulse in variability in 2012 and 2021, presumably in response to heterogeneous prescribed fires. Maintaining heterogeneous ground cover may best support biodiversity across the landscape. Ground flora cover (excluding tree regeneration) increased by 88% from 2007 to 2021, meeting a fire management goal. However, ground flora cover was heterogeneous across the sites. Concomitant with the increase in ground flora cover, we observed notable increases in alpha diversity (mean site species richness) and gamma diversity (parkwide species richness) across the monitoring period. Although increases may have been related to treatments and environmental factors, we also improved our botanical sampling preparation and included an expert botanist on the crew in 2021. Species composition of the ground flora was assessed via guilds and indicator species. Although tree regeneration was not included in estimates of total ground flora cover, it was highly variable through time. The seedling class comprised the majority of the regeneration stems observed. Although mean small sapling density values increased by 535% over 2007 levels, there was a great deal of variability among the sites, indicating small sapling estimates were contained within the confidence intervals and not truly different through time. Forbs comprised the greatest abundance of the ground flora guilds through time, except in 2012. Forbs also exhibited the greatest variability in all years except for 2012. Woody species increased over our monitoring record but remained low in cover. We analyzed a set of 50 indicator species for Ozark highlands woodlands to understand changes in the ground flora. The number of woodland indicator species observed in each monitoring event was low (ranged from 7–14 species) with the highest number of species observed in 2021. We also calculated invasive species metrics and found the number of invasive species increased from 2 to 11 over the monitoring record. Nepalese browntop (Microstegium vimineum) was the most abundant of these species. Our confidence in the 2021 ground flora observations was high. We found our observer error to be within standard levels, including agreement on species cover estimates. Not all sites have received the number of burns described in the park’s ecological fire management goals. Our monitoring data show that one of the fire management goals, increased ground flora cover, has been met, but the other two goals for overstory density reduction and seedling density have not yet been met. Further analysis of species composition of the overstory and tree regeneration will be needed after the fire treatments have been completed to determine if all fire management goals are being met.

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Peitz, David, Jennifer Haack-Gaynor, and Tani Hubbard. White-tailed deer monitoring at Pea Ridge National Military Park, Arkansas: 2005?2023 trend report. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2304980.

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During 19 years (2005?2023) of monitoring trends in white-tailed deer populations within a defined survey area of Pea Ridge National Military Park, we have been able to demonstrate both rapid declines and recoveries. The rapid die-off of 2005 to 2007 was the result of a region-wide hemorrhagic disease outbreak reported by the Missouri Department of Conservation that started in the fall of 2005, six months after deer monitoring on Pea Ridge National Military Park in north Arkansas was initiated. Even including data in the analysis from years when die-offs were occurring (2006?2007, 2016), the number of deer increased moderately at a rate of 3.2% annually (P < 0.03). The number of deer in the survey area ranged from 14.6 ??7.1 (mean ??95% CI) individuals/km2 in 2007 to 62.6 ??19.1 individuals/km2 in 2023. The amount of visible area surveyed each year varied between 1.0 and 1.4 km2 (coefficient of variation = 11.0%). Annual deer harvest data in the area near Pea Ridge National Military Park exhibit similar trends to our annual adjusted counts. This suggests that factors other than hunting are driving annual changes in deer population size. Increasing deer populations pose several problems for Pea Ridge National Military Park. First, it adds a level of complexity to implementing the Pea Ridge National Military Park Cultural Landscape Report and Vegetation Management Plan recommendations to restore the oak savanna and oak forest vegetation present at the time of the battle. Deer deferentially browse native vegetation over exotic vegetation, which promotes the spread of exotic species, and the success of tree planting can be curtailed by heavy deer browsing. Second, controlling deer-related disease, some of which can affect domestic livestock and human health in and around the park, becomes increasingly difficult when there are more deer. Third, as additional ancillary data suggest, the largely unreported and costly deer-vehicle collisions in and around Pea Ridge National Military Park have the potential to increase as deer populations grow.

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Sergiev, Iskren, Dessislava Todorova, and Lyubomira Atanasova. High Salinityinduced Proline and Polyamine Changes in Organs of Pea (Pisum sativumL. Cv. Ran). "Prof. Marin Drinov" Publishing House of Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7546/crabs.2018.11.06.

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Peitz, David. Bird community monitoring at Pea Ridge National Military Park, Arkansas: Status report 2008–2021. Edited by Tani Hubbard. National Park Service, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2294263.

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Breeding bird surveys were initiated on Pea Ridge National Military Park, Arkansas in 2008 to assess temporal changes in the species composition and abundance of birds on the park. These data also improve our understanding of relationships between breeding birds and their habitat and the effects of management actions, such as invasive plant species control and tree thinning, on bird populations. Birds were sampled using point counts with 99 variable circular plots located on a systematic grid of 400 x 400-m cells (originating from a random start point). All birds seen or heard on a plot during a 5-minute sampling period were recorded. We surveyed for breeding birds in eight of the last 14 years on as many of the 99 variable circular plots as possible each year, resulting in 592 cumulative plot visits. Surveys have yielded records for 111 different species of birds. Ninety-three of the species recorded are classified as permanent or summer residents to the area, 11 as winter residents to the area, six as transients in the area, and one as a migrant through the area. Nine breeding species recorded are considered species of conservation concern for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region, the bird conservation region Pea Ridge National Military Park is located within. Of the 93 breeding species recorded, 4 species occurred in grassland and 11 in woodland habitats in numbers large enough to calculate annual abundances with some degree of confidence. However, only the Blue-gray Gnatcatcher (Polioptila caerulea), Eastern Wood-pewee (Contopus virens), Red-eyed Vireo (Vireo olivaceus), and Tufted Titmouse (Baeolophus bicolor) in woodland habitats demonstrated any trends (moderate to strong increases) in abundance. Trends in abundance were classified as uncertain for the rest of the species in both grassland and woodland habitats, which means that no significant increases or decreases occurred, but it is not certain that trends were < 5% per year. Comparisons of population trends on the park with regional trends for the Central Hardwoods Bird Conservation Region suggest that the bird community at Pea Ridge National Military Park is faring similarly to or slightly better than that of the region as a whole. Stable diversity, richness, and evenness values suggest that the park’s habitat has remained consistent in its ability to meet the requirements of many of the park’s breeding bird species. Any increase or decline in species richness could reflect habitat management practices but could also reflect the influences of larger-scale factors such as weather or climatic conditions on vegetation. Therefore, continued monitoring of birds and their habitats on Pea Ridge National Military Park as management and climatic conditions change is essential for park management. - -

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