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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "PARTICLE RADIATION"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "PARTICLE RADIATION"

Qiu, T. Q., J. P. Longtin, and C. L. Tien. "Characteristics of Radiation Absorption in Metallic Particles." Journal of Heat Transfer 117, no. 2 (May 1, 1995): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2822527.

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Thermal radiation absorption in metallic particles is an important phenomenon in many contemporary laser-processing techniques, including laser cladding of coating materials and laser cleaning of particulate contaminations. In this work, the Drude free-electron theory and electromagnetic wave theory are utilized to characterize the internal absorption of CO2 laser radiation in aluminum, chromium, and nickel particles. The results show that metallic particles have unique radiation properties. Radiation absorption in large particles occurs only in a very narrow region of the front particle surface, which results in inefficient radiation absorption. On the other hand, micron and submicron particles can absorb radiation very efficiently, due to the strong diffraction effect at the particle surface. For extremely small particles (e.g., nanometer particles), radiation absorption becomes less efficient. The particle absorption efficiency is found to increase with temperature, and this temperature dependence can be determined from those of flat metal surfaces at the normal incidence.

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Parker, Robert G. "Particle radiation therapy." Cancer 55, S9 (May 1, 1985): 2240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1097-0142(19850501)55:9+<2240::aid-cncr2820551429>3.0.co;2-f.

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Zhdankin, Vladimir, Dmitri A. Uzdensky, Gregory R. Werner, and Mitchell C. Begelman. "Kinetic turbulence in shining pair plasma: intermittent beaming and thermalization by radiative cooling." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 493, no. 1 (January 31, 2020): 603–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa284.

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ABSTRACT High-energy astrophysical systems frequently contain collision-less relativistic plasmas that are heated by turbulent cascades and cooled by emission of radiation. Understanding the nature of this radiative turbulence is a frontier of extreme plasma astrophysics. In this paper, we use particle-in-cell simulations to study the effects of external inverse Compton radiation on turbulence driven in an optically thin, relativistic pair plasma. We focus on the statistical steady state (where injected energy is balanced by radiated energy) and perform a parameter scan spanning from low magnetization to high magnetization (0.04 ≲ σ ≲ 11). We demonstrate that the global particle energy distributions are quasi-thermal in all simulations, with only a modest population of non-thermal energetic particles (extending the tail by a factor of ∼2). This indicates that non-thermal particle acceleration (observed in similar non-radiative simulations) is quenched by strong radiative cooling. The quasi-thermal energy distributions are well fit by analytic models in which stochastic particle acceleration (due to, e.g. second-order Fermi mechanism or gyroresonant interactions) is balanced by the radiation reaction force. Despite the efficient thermalization of the plasma, non-thermal energetic particles do make a conspicuous appearance in the anisotropy of the global momentum distribution as highly variable, intermittent beams (for high magnetization cases). The beamed high-energy particles are spatially coincident with intermittent current sheets, suggesting that localized magnetic reconnection may be a mechanism for kinetic beaming. This beaming phenomenon may explain rapid flares observed in various astrophysical systems (such as blazar jets, the Crab nebula, and Sagittarius A*).

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Chen, Huajun, Yitung Chen, Hsuan-Tsung Hsieh, and Nathan Siegel. "Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Gas-Particle Flow Within a Solid-Particle Solar Receiver." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 129, no. 2 (August 25, 2006): 160–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2716418.

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A detailed three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis on gas-particle flow and heat transfer inside a solid-particle solar receiver, which utilizes free-falling particles for direct absorption of concentrated solar radiation, is presented. The two-way coupled Euler-Lagrange method is implemented and includes the exchange of heat and momentum between the gas phase and solid particles. A two-band discrete ordinate method is included to investigate radiation heat transfer within the particle cloud and between the cloud and the internal surfaces of the receiver. The direct illumination energy source that results from incident solar radiation was predicted by a solar load model using a solar ray-tracing algorithm. Two kinds of solid-particle receivers, each having a different exit condition for the solid particles, are modeled to evaluate the thermal performance of the receiver. Parametric studies, where the particle size and mass flow rate are varied, are made to determine the optimal operating conditions. The results also include detailed information for the gas velocity, temperature, particle solid volume fraction, particle outlet temperature, and cavity efficiency.

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Otto, S., T. Trautmann, and M. Wendisch. "On realistic size equivalence and shape of spheroidal Saharan mineral dust particles applied in solar and thermal radiative transfer calculations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2010): 29191–247. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-29191-2010.

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Abstract. Realistic size equivalence and shape of Saharan mineral dust particles are derived from on in-situ particle, lidar and sun photometer measurements during SAMUM-1 in Morocco (19 May 2006), dealing with measured size- and altitude-resolved axis ratio distributions of assumed spheroidal model particles. The data were applied in optical property, radiative effect, forcing and heating effect simulations to quantify the realistic impact of particle non-sphericity. It turned out that volume-to-surface equivalent spheroids with prolate shape are most realistic: particle non-sphericity only slightly affects single scattering albedo and asymmetry parameter but may enhance extinction coefficient by up to 10%. At the bottom of the atmosphere (BOA) the Saharan mineral dust always leads to a loss of solar radiation, while the sign of the forcing at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) depends on surface albedo: solar cooling/warming over a mean ocean/land surface. In the thermal spectral range the dust inhibits the emission of radiation to space and warms the BOA. The most realistic case of particle non-sphericity causes changes of total (solar plus thermal) forcing by 55/5% at the TOA over ocean/land and 15% at the BOA over both land and ocean and enhances total radiative heating within the dust plume by up to 20%. Large dust particles significantly contribute to all the radiative effects reported.

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Wehner, B., and A. Wiedensohler. "Long term measurements of submicrometer urban aerosols: statistical analysis for correlations with meteorological conditions and trace gases." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 2, no. 5 (October 28, 2002): 1699–733. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-2-1699-2002.

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Abstract. Long-term measurements (over 4 years) of particle number size distributions (submicrometer particles, 3--800 nm in diameter), trace gases (NO, NO2, and O3), and meteorological parameters (global radiation, wind speed and direction, atmospheric pressure, etc.) were taken in a moderately polluted site in the city of Leipzig (Germany). The resulting complex data set was analyzed with respect to seasonal, weekly, and diurnal variation of the submicrometer aerosol. Car traffic produced a peak in the number size distribution at around 30 nm particle diameter during morning rush hour on weekdays. A second peak at 10--15 nm particle diameter occurred around noon during summer, confirmed by high correlation between concentration of particles less than 20 nm and the global radiation. This new-particle formation at noon was correlated with the amount of global radiation. A high concentration of accumulation mode particles (between 100 and 800 nm), which are associated with large particle-surface area, might prevent this formation. Such high particle concentration in the ultrafine region (particles smaller than 20 nm in diameter) was not detected in the particle mass, and thus, particle mass concentration is not suitable for determining the diurnal patterns of particles. In summer, statistical time series analysis showed a cyclic pattern of ultrafine particles with a period of one day and confirmed the correlation with global radiation. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a strong correlation between the particle concentration for 20 -- 800 nm particles and the NO- and NO2-concentrations, indicating the influence of combustion processes on this broad size range, in particular during winter. In addition, PCA also revealed that particle concentration depended on meteorological conditions such as wind speed and wind direction, although the dependence differed with particle size class.

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Wehner, B., and A. Wiedensohler. "Long term measurements of submicrometer urban aerosols: statistical analysis for correlations with meteorological conditions and trace gases." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 3, no. 3 (June 24, 2003): 867–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-3-867-2003.

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Abstract. Long-term measurements (over 4 years) of particle number size distributions (submicrometer particles, 3-800 nm in diameter), trace gases (NO, NO2, and O3), and meteorological parameters (global radiation, wind speed and direction, atmospheric pressure, etc.) were taken in a moderately polluted site in the city of Leipzig (Germany). The resulting complex data set was analyzed with respect to seasonal, weekly, and diurnal variation of the submicrometer aerosol. Car traffic produced a peak in the number size distribution at around 20 nm particle diameter during morning rush hour on weekdays. A second peak at 10-15 nm particle diameter occurred around noon during summer, confirmed by high correlation between concentration of particles less than 20 nm and the global radiation. This new-particle formation at noon was correlated with the amount of global radiation. A high concentration of accumulation mode particles (between 100 and 800 nm), which are associated with large particle-surface area, might prevent this formation. Such high particle concentration in the ultrafine region (particles smaller than 20 nm in diameter) was not detected in the particle mass, and thus, particle mass concentration is not suitable for determining the diurnal patterns of particles. In summer, statistical time series analysis showed a cyclic pattern of ultrafine particles with a period of one day and confirmed the correlation with global radiation. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a strong correlation between the particle concentration for 20-800 nm particles and the NO- and NO2-concentrations, indicating the influence of combustion processes on this broad size range, in particular during winter. In addition, PCA also revealed that particle concentration depended on meteorological conditions such as wind speed and wind direction, although the dependence differed with particle size class.

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ULERY, JASON GLYNDWR. "THREE PARTICLE CORRELATIONS FROM STAR." International Journal of Modern Physics E 16, no. 10 (November 2007): 3123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301307009117.

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Two-particle correlations have shown modification to the away-side shape in central Au + Au collisions relative to pp , d + Au and peripheral Au + Au collisions. Different scenarios can explain this modification including: large angle gluon radiation, jets deflected by transverse flow, path length dependent energy loss, Cerenkov gluon radiation of fast moving particles, and conical flow generated by hydrodynamic Mach-cone shock-waves. Three-particle correlations have the power to distinguish the scenarios with conical emission, conical flow and Cerenkov radiation, from other scenarios. In addition, the dependence of the observed shapes on the pT of the associated particles can be used to distinguish conical emission from a sonic boom (Mach-cone) and from QCD-Čerenkov radiation. We present results from STAR on 3-particle azimuthal correlations for a high pT trigger particle with two softer particles. Results are shown for pp , d + Au and high statistics Au + Au collisions at [Formula: see text]. An important aspect of the analysis is the subtraction of combinatorial backgrounds. Systematic uncertainties due to this subtraction and the flow harmonics v2 and v4 are investigated in detail. The implications of the results for the presence or absence of conical flow from Mach-cones are discussed.

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Geer, Alan J., Peter Bauer, Katrin Lonitz, Vasileios Barlakas, Patrick Eriksson, Jana Mendrok, Amy Doherty, James Hocking, and Philippe Chambon. "Bulk hydrometeor optical properties for microwave and sub-millimetre radiative transfer in RTTOV-SCATT v13.0." Geoscientific Model Development 14, no. 12 (December 8, 2021): 7497–526. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-14-7497-2021.

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Abstract. Satellite observations of radiation in the microwave and sub-millimetre spectral regions (broadly from 1 to 1000 GHz) can have strong sensitivity to cloud and precipitation particles in the atmosphere. These particles (known as hydrometeors) scatter, absorb, and emit radiation according to their mass, composition, shape, internal structure, and orientation. Hence, microwave and sub-millimetre observations have applications including weather forecasting, geophysical retrievals and model validation. To simulate these observations requires a scattering-capable radiative transfer model and an estimate of the bulk optical properties of the hydrometeors. This article describes the module used to integrate single-particle optical properties over a particle size distribution (PSD) to provide bulk optical properties for the Radiative Transfer for TOVS microwave and sub-millimetre scattering code, RTTOV-SCATT, a widely used fast model. Bulk optical properties can be derived from a range of particle models including Mie spheres (liquid and frozen) and non-spherical ice habits from the Liu and Atmospheric Radiative Transfer Simulator (ARTS) databases, which include pristine crystals, aggregates, and hail. The effects of different PSD and particle options on simulated brightness temperatures are explored, based on an analytical two-stream solution for a homogeneous cloud slab. The hydrometeor scattering “spectrum” below 1000 GHz is described, along with its sensitivities to particle composition (liquid or ice), size and shape. The optical behaviour of frozen particles changes in the frequencies above 200 GHz, moving towards an optically thick and emission-dominated regime more familiar from the infrared. This region is little explored but will soon be covered by the Ice Cloud Imager (ICI).

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Flamant, G., J. D. Lu, and B. Variot. "Radiation Heat Transfer in Fluidized Beds: A Comparison of Exact and Simplified Approaches." Journal of Heat Transfer 116, no. 3 (August 1, 1994): 652–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2910919.

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Radiation heat transfer at heat exchanger walls in fluidized beds has never been examined through a complete formulation of the problem. In this paper a wall-to-bed heat transfer model is proposed to account for particle convection, gas convection, and radiation exchange in a variable porosity medium. Momentum, energy, and intensity equations are solved in order to determine the velocity, temperature, radiative heat flux profiles and heat transfer coefficients. The discrete-ordinates method is used to compute the radiative intensity equation and the radiative flux divergence in the energy equation. Both the gray and the non-gray assumptions are considered, as well as dependent and independent scattering. The exact solution obtained is compared with several simplified approaches. Large differences are shown for small particles at high temperature but the simplified solutions are valid for large particle beds. The dependency of radiative contribution on controlling parameters is discussed.

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Дисертації з теми "PARTICLE RADIATION"

Taheri, Faissal Bakkali. "Numerical and experimental studies of coherent Smith-Purcell radiation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d483c501-ba46-4e08-9d38-5af29211aedc.

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This thesis investigates the properties of coherent Smith-Purcell radiation (cSPr) at femtosecond-scale in the case of electrons bunches in the ultrarelativistic regimes. Of particular interest is the use of cSPR as a diagnostic tool to determine the longitudinal time profiles of such bunches, the study of azimuthal distribution of the radiated energy, and a contribution to the understanding of polarization properties. The study consists in a first theoretical part carried mostly in the context of the surface-current theory, supported with insights from particle-in-cell simulations. Then, as a step toward a better determination of time profile, the question of phase reconstruction is addressed through the design of a new algorithm proposed in this thesis and tested in known challenging cases. Experimental results are then presented, spanning shifts having taken place at the FACET facility at SLAC, Stanford, between 2013 and 2015.

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Testa, Mauro. "Charged particle therapy, ion range verification, prompt radiation." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00566188.

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This PhD thesis reports on the experimental investigation of the prompt photons created during the fragmentation of the carbon beam used in particle therapy. Two series of experiments have been performed at the GANIL and GSI facilities with 95 MeV/u and 305 MeV/u 12C6+ ion beams stopped in PMMA and water phantoms. In both experiments a clear correlation was obtained between the C-ion range and the prompt photon profile. A major issue of these measurements is the discrimination between the prompt photon signal (which is correlated with the ion path) and a vast neutron background uncorrelated with the Bragg-Peak position. Two techniques are employed to allow for this photon-neutron discrimination: the time-of-flight (TOF) and the pulse-shape-discrimination (PSD). The TOF technique allowed demonstrating the correlation of the prompt photon production and the primary ion path while the PSD technique brought great insights to better understand the photon and neutron contribution in TOF spectra. In this work we demonstrated that a collimated set-up detecting prompt photons by means of TOF measurements, could allow real-time control of the longitudinal position of the Bragg-peak under clinical conditions. In the second part of the PhD thesis a simulation study was performed with Geant4 Monte Carlo code to assess the influence of the main design parameters on the efficiency and spatial resolution achievable with a multidetector and multi-collimated Prompt Gamma Camera. Several geometrical configurations for both collimators and stack of detectors have been systematically studied and the considerations on the main design constraints are reported.

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Bates, Adrian P. "Small particle characterisation by scattering of polarised radiation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243345.

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Grant, James Paul. "GaN radiation detectors for particle physics and synchrotron applications." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.443418.

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Kirby, Daniel James. "Radiation dosimetry of conventional and laser-driven particle beams." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/2816/.

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The measurement of radiation dose in radiotherapy is vital in ensuring the accuracy of treatments. As more advanced techniques using protons and ions emerge, they pose challenges to ensure the same level of accuracy of dosimetry is achieved as for conventional X-ray radiotherapy. A relatively new method of particle acceleration using ultra-high intensity lasers and thin metallic targets has sparked a large effort to investigate the possible application of this technology in radiotherapy, which in turn requires accurate methods of dosimetry to be carried out and is the main motivation for this work. Accurate dosimetry was initially performed here using an air ionisation chamber, various models of GafChromic film and a PMMA phantom in 15 and 29 MeV protons and 38 MeV \(\alpha\)-particles from the Birmingham cyclotron. In developing an accurate protocol for absorbed dose-to-water at these relatively low proton energies, new data was generated on the proton energy response of GafChromic films. This enabled accurate dosimetry of a prototype laser-particle source, and provided improvements to a method of spectroscopic measurement in the resultant mixed field of multi-energy protons, electrons and X-rays. Monte Carlo simulations using MCNPX but mainly FLUKA were performed throughout to support and verify experimental measurements.

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Hegyi, Gyorgy. "Particle size determination for alpha-emitters using CR-39." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0019/MQ55065.pdf.

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Ulmer, Bernd. "Back scatter imaging with megavoltage radiation." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246070.

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Koziel, Michal. "Development of radiation hardened pixel sensors for charged particle detection." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6237.

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Les capteurs CMOS sont développés depuis une décennie en vue d’équiper les détecteurs de vertex des expériences de physique des particules à venir, avec les avantages d’un faible budget de matière et de bas coûts de production. Les caractéristiques recherchées sont un temps de lecture court, une granularité élevée et une bonne radiorésistance. Cette thèse est principalement consacrée à l’optimisation de ce dernier point. Pour diminuer le temps de cycle vers les 10 microsecondes, la lecture des pixels en parallèle dans chaque colonne a été implémentée, associée à une logique de suppression d’information des pixels sans signal. Les pixels sont devenus plus complexes et plus sensibles aux rayonnements ionisants. L’optimisation de l’architecture des pixels, par des techniques standard de durcissement aux rayonnements, a porté la limite à 300 krad (quelques Mrad attendus) pour le procédé de fabrication à 0,35-um utilisé jusque-là. L’amélioration de la tenue aux rayonnements ionisants passe par l’utilisation de technologies de taille inférieure à 0,35-um, naturellement plus radio-résistantes. Ceci facilitant de plus l’intégration de tous les composants dans un pixel. Un autre aspect abordé dans cette thèse concerne la tolérance aux rayonnements non ionisants. Différentes technologies CMOS améliorant la collecte de charges ont été testées. L’utilisation d’une couche de détection de haute résistivité a porté la tenue à ces rayonnements à 3•1013 neq/cm2, conforme à l’objectif fixé. Ce résultat marque une étape importante pour les capteurs CMOS qui devraient rapidement satisfaire le cahier des charges d’expériences particulièrement contraignantes telles que CBM par exemple
CMOS Pixel Sensors are being developed since a few years to equip vertex detectors for future high-energy physics experiments with the crucial advantages of a low material budget and low production costs. The features simultaneously required are a short readout time, high granularity and high tolerance to radiation. This thesis mainly focuses on the radiation tolerance studies. To achieve the targeted readout time (tens of microseconds), the sensor pixel readout was organized in parallel columns restricting in addition the readout to pixels that had collected the signal charge. The pixels became then more complex, and consequently more sensitive to radiation. Different in-pixel architectures were studied and it was concluded that the tolerance to ionizing radiation was limited to 300 krad with the 0. 35-um fabrication process currently used, while the targeted value was several Mrad. Improving this situation calls for implementation of the sensors in processes with a smaller feature size which naturally improve the radiation tolerance while simultaneously accommodate all the in-pixel microcircuitry in small pixels. Another aspect addressed in this thesis was the tolerance to non ionizing radiation, with a targeted value of >1013 neq/cm2. Different CMOS technologies featuring an enhanced signal collection were therefore investigated. It was demonstrated that this tolerance could be improved to 3•1013 neq/cm2 by the means of a high-resistivity epitaxial layer. This achievement triggered a new age of the CMOS pixel sensors and showed that their development is on a good track to meet the requirements of the particularly demanding CBM experiment

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Mitchell, Edward Frank. "Development of a miniaturised particle radiation monitor for Earth orbit." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11679.

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Geometry and algorithm design for a novel highly miniaturised radiation monitor (HMRM) for spacecraft in medium Earth orbit are presented. The HMRM device comprises a telescopic configuration of application-specific active pixel sensors enclosed in a titanium shield, with an estimated total mass of 52 g and volume of 15 cm3. The monitor is intended to provide real-time dosimetry and identification of energetic charged particles in fluxes of up to 108 cm-2 s-1 (omnidirectional). Achieving this capability with such a small instrument could open new prospects for radiation detection in space. The methodology followed for the design and optimisation of the particle detector geometry is explained and analysis algorithms - for real-time use within the monitor and for post-processing reconstruction of spectra - are presented. Simulations with the Geant4 toolkit are used to predict operational results in various Earth orbits. Early test results of a prototype monitor, including calibration of the pixel sensors, are also reported.

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Thornton, D. A. "Calculating the responses of self-powered radiation detectors." Thesis, Open University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.237741.

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Книги з теми "PARTICLE RADIATION"

Detectors for particle radiation. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1990.

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Kleinknecht, K. Detectors for particle radiation. Cambridge [Cambridgeshire]: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

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Detectors for particle radiation. 2nd ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

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Kleinknecht, Konrad. Detectors for particle radiation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1986.

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Sigmund, Peter. Particle Penetration and Radiation Effects. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-31718-x.

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1916-, Prokhorov A. M., and Institute for Advanced Physics Studies. La Jolla International School of Physics., eds. Coherent radiation generation and particle acceleration. New York: American Institute of Physics, 1992.

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Beaurepaire, Eric. Magnetism and Synchrotron Radiation. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, 2001.

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International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements., ed. Particle counting in radioactivity measurements. Bethesda, Md., U.S.A: International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements, 1994.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Analysis of the gas particle radiator. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1986.

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Sigmund, Peter. Particle Penetration and Radiation Effects Volume 2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05564-0.

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Частини книг з теми "PARTICLE RADIATION"

Thompson, David A. "Particle Radiation." In Inorganic Reactions and Methods, 129–30. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470145333.ch89.

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Wiedemann, Helmut. "Synchrotron Radiation." In Particle Accelerator Physics, 647–86. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05034-7_20.

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Wiedemann, Helmut. "Synchrotron Radiation." In Particle Accelerator Physics, 300–336. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05034-7_9.

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Wiedemann, Helmut. "Synchrotron Radiation." In Particle Accelerator Physics, 300–336. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-02903-9_9.

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Wiedemann, Helmut. "Particle Beam Optics." In Synchrotron Radiation, 77–97. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05312-6_6.

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Eastwood, J. W. "Particle Methods." In Astrophysical Radiation Hydrodynamics, 415–47. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4754-2_12.

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Wiedemann, Helmut. "Synchrotron Radiation." In Particle Accelerator Physics II, 229–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59908-8_7.

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Wiedemann, Helmut. "Synchrotron Radiation." In Particle Accelerator Physics II, 229–68. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-97550-9_7.

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Wiedemann, Helmut. "Synchrotron Radiation." In Particle Accelerator Physics I, 300–336. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-03827-7_9.

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Wiedemann, Helmut. "Insertion Device Radiation." In Particle Accelerator Physics, 824–52. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05034-7_24.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "PARTICLE RADIATION"

Kumar, Apurv, Jin-Soo Kim, and Wojciech Lipiński. "Radiation Characteristics of a Particle Curtain in a Free-Falling Particle Solar Receiver." In ASME 2017 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2017-5117.

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Radiation absorption by a particle curtain formed in a solar free falling particle receiver is investigated using a Eulerian-Eulerian granular two-phase model to solve the two-dimensional mass and momentum equations (CFD). The radiative transfer equation is subsequently solved by the Monte-Carlo (MC) ray-tracing technique using the CFD results to quantify the radiation intensity through the particle curtain. The CFD and MC results provide reliable opacity predictions and are validated with the experimental results available in literature. The particle curtain was found to absorb the solar radiation efficiently for smaller particles at high flowrates due to higher particle volume fraction and increased radiation extinction. However, at low mass-flowrates the absorption efficiency decreases for small and large particles.

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Hofgren, Henrik, and Bengt Sundén. "Modeling Thermal Radiation With Focus on Particle Radiation in Grate Fired Furnaces Combusting MSW or Biomass: A Parametric Study." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62882.

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This parametric study shows that thermal radiation from particles, fly ash and char, can be highly relevant for estimating the radiative heat flux to surfaces in grate fired furnaces, especially to the hot bed. The large effects of particle radiative heat transfer come from cases with municipal solid waste (MSW) as fuel whereas biomass cases have moderate effect on the overall radiative heat transfer. The parameters investigated in the study were the fuel parameters, representing a variety of particle loads and size distributions, emissivities of walls and bed, and the size of furnace. The investigations were conducted in a 3-D rectangular environment with a fixed temperature field, and homogeneous distribution of gases and particles. The choice of boundary emissivity was found to be much more or equally important as the particle radiation effects, dependent if biomass or MSW, respectively, was used as the fuel. The effect of particle radiation increased with increasing furnace size, mostly evident in the change of the radiative source term and the heat flux to the bed. Compared to previous studies of particle radiation in grate fired combustion, this study used realistic particle mass size distributions for fly ash. Estimates of char mass size distributions inside the furnace were conducted and used.

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Kim, Kwang-Je. "Characteristics of synchrotron radiation." In PHYSICS OF PARTICLE ACCELERATORS. AIP, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.38046.

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Finkelstein, K. D. "“Crystal Collimator” Measurement of CESR particle-beam Source Size." In SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION: Eighth International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation. AIP, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1757867.

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Brummel, Hans-Gerd, and Dieter Vortmeyer. "THERMAL RADIATION OF GAS-SOLID-DISPERSIONS AT HIGHER PARTICLE LOADINGS." In Radiative Transfer II. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Radiation Transfer. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.1997.intsymliqtwophaseflowtranspphenchtradtransfproc.340.

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Mulet, J. P., R. Carminati, and Jean-Jacques Greffet. "RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER BETWEEN A SMALL PARTICLE AND A SURFACE AT NANOMETRIC DISTANCES." In RADIATION III. ICHMT Third International Symposium on Radiative Transfer. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2001.radiationsymp.280.

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Yamada, Jun, Yasuo Kurosaki, and Takanori Nagai. "EFFECTS OF PARTICLE CHARACTERISTICS ON RADIATIVE HEAT EXCHANGE BETWEEN FLUIDIZING PARTICLES AND A COOLED SURFACE IN A FLUIDIZED BED." In Radiative Transfer II. Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on Radiation Transfer. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.1997.intsymliqtwophaseflowtranspphenchtradtransfproc.320.

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T. Zhao, Z. "Commissioning of new synchrotron radiation facilities." In 2007 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pac.2007.4440321.

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Berg, W. J., B. X. Yang, L. L. Erwin, and S. E. Shoaf. "LCLS-S1 optical transition radiation monitor." In 2007 IEEE Particle Accelerator Conference. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pac.2007.4440017.

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Szabo, A. P., and R. J. Protheroe. "Shock acceleration in a radiation field." In Particle acceleration in cosmic plasmas. AIP, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.42703.

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Звіти організацій з теми "PARTICLE RADIATION"

Pruitt, John S., Christopher G. Soares, and Margarete Ehrlich. Calibration of beta-particle radiation instrumentation and sources. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.sp.250-21.

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Henderson, Kevin. Optical Method for Detecting and Analyzing Energetic Particle Radiation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1214632.

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Kaplan, Alexander E. New Principles of Laser-Based Radiation an Particle Sources. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada419595.

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Hartmann Siantar, C. L., W. P. Chandler, J. A. Rathkopf, M. M. Svatos, and R. M. White. PEREGRINE: An all-particle Monte Carlo code for radiation therapy. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/72922.

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Hunter, S. R. Evaluation of a digital optical ionizing radiation particle track detector. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6223499.

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Robiscoe, R., D. Cobb, and W. Maier, II. Onboard detection of intrinsic Ly. alpha. radiation from a neutral particle beam. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6856684.

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Morkun, Volodymyr, Natalia Morkun, Andrii Pikilnyak, Serhii Semerikov, Oleksandra Serdiuk, and Irina Gaponenko. The Cyber-Physical System for Increasing the Efficiency of the Iron Ore Desliming Process. CEUR Workshop Proceedings, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4373.

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It is proposed to carry out the spatial effect of high-energy ultrasound dynamic effects with controlled characteristics on the solid phase particles of the ore pulp in the deslimer input product to increase the efficiency of thickening and desliming processes of iron ore beneficiation products. The above allows predicting the characteristics of particle gravitational sedimentation based on an assessment of the spatial dynamics of pulp solid- phase particles under the controlled action of high-energy ultrasound and fuzzy logical inference. The object of study is the assessment of the characteristics and the process of control the operations of thickening and deslaming of iron ore beneficiation products in the conditions of the technological line of the ore beneficiation plant. The subject of study is a cyber-physical system based on the use of high-energy ultrasound radiation pressure effects on iron-containing beneficiation products in the technological processes of thickening and desliming. The working hypothesis of the project is that there is a relationship between the physical-mechanical and chemical-mineralogical characteristics of the iron ore pulp solid- phase particles and their behavior in technological flows under the influence of controlled ultrasonic radiation, based on which the imitation modeling of the gravitational sedimentation process of the iron ore pulp solid-phase particles can be performed directly in the technological process. Also, the optimal control actions concerning the processes of thickening and desliming can be determined.

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Ehrlich, M., J. S. Pruitt, C. G. Soares, C. E. Dick, H. T. Heaton, and R. B. Schwartz. Standard beta-particle and monenergetic electron sources for the calibration of beta-radiation protection instrumentation :. Gaithersburg, MD: National Bureau of Standards, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nbs.ir.85-3169.

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Nagaitsev, Sergei. Comment on Particle acceleration by stimulated emission of radiation near a solid-state active medium. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1016885.

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Favorite, Jeffrey A. (U) Second-Order Sensitivity Analysis of Uncollided Particle Contributions to Radiation Detector Responses Using Ray-Tracing. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1411336.

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