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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Outcomes validation"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Outcomes validation"

Correro-Bermejo, Alba, Martina Fernández-Gutiérrez, Miriam Poza-Méndez, and Pilar Bas-Sarmiento. "Content and Clinical Validation of the Nursing Outcome “Health Literacy Behaviour”: A Validation Protocol." Healthcare 11, no. 4 (February 7, 2023): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11040481.

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Health literacy (HL) is a result of health promotion and education that has been included as a nursing intervention since 2013. It was proposed, as a nursing activity, to “determine health literacy status at initiation of contact with the patient through informal and/or formal assessments”. Because of that, the outcome ‘Health Literacy Behaviour’ has been incorporated in the sixth edition of the Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC). It collects the patient’s different HL levels and allows them to be identified and evaluated in a social and health context. Nursing outcomes are helpful and provide relevant information for the evaluation of nursing interventions. Objectives: To validate the contents of the nursing outcome ‘Health Literacy Behaviour (2015)’ in order to use them in nursing care plans, and to evaluate their psychometric properties, application level, and effectiveness in nursing care to detect low health literacy patients. Methods: a methodological two-phased study: (1) an exploratory study and content validation by expert consensus, who will evaluate revised content of nursing outcomes; (2) methodological design by clinical validation. Conclusion: The validation of this nursing outcome in NOC will enable the generation of a helpful tool that would facilitate nurses to set individualised and efficient care interventions and identify low health literacy populations.

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Hollenberg, Jan, Kathryn M. Rost, Joylyn Humphrey, Richard R. Owen, and G. Richard Smith. "Validation of the Panic Outcomes Module." Evaluation & the Health Professions 20, no. 1 (March 1997): 81–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016327879702000106.

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Douglas, Alison, Lori Letts, Kevin Eva, and Julie Richardson. "Measurement of Harm Outcomes in Older Adults after Hospital Discharge: Reliability and Validity." Journal of Aging Research 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/150473.

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Objectives. Defining and validating a measure of safety contributes to further validation of clinical measures. The objective was to define and examine the psychometric properties of the outcome “incidents of harm.”Methods. The Incident of Harm Caregiver Questionnaire was administered to caregivers of older adults discharged from hospital by telephone. Caregivers completed daily logs for one month and medical charts were examined.Results. Test-retest reliability (n=38) was high for the occurrence of an incident of harm (yes/no; kappa = 1.0) and the type of incident (agreement = 100%). Validation against daily logs found no disagreement regarding occurrence or types of incidents. Validation with medical charts found no disagreement regarding incident occurrence and disagreement in half regarding incident type.Discussion. The data support the Incident of Harm Caregiver Questionnaire as a reliable and valid estimation of incidents for this sample and are important to researchers as a method to measure safety when validating clinical measures.

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Palermo, Tonya Mizell. "Assessment of Chronic Pain in Children: Current Status and Emerging Topics." Pain Research and Management 14, no. 1 (2009): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/236426.

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The present paper reviews the current status of research on assessment of chronic pain in children and adolescents, primarily in the context of treatment outcome research. Two specific primary aims are addressed. First, the degree of attention devoted to several major domains of chronic pain assessment (pain, physical functioning, role functioning, sleep and emotional functioning) is summarized, highlighting areas where further instrument development and validation are needed. Second, sensitivity of instruments within these domains is presented using data from clinical trials of psychological therapies aimed at treatment of chronic pain in children and adolescents. Findings demonstrate that although there has been recent progress in developing and validating a range of measures of pain-related outcomes, as of yet, very few clinical trials have included any outcomes other than pain intensity. Moreover, in randomized controlled trials where physical, role or emotional functioning outcomes have been included, there have been limited positive findings. The present paper lists some challenges and future directions in assessment of physical and role functioning, including highlighting emerging methodologies for assessment of physical activity and function in children with chronic pain. Clinical implications of integrating assessment tools into clinical practice are discussed. In conclusion, progress in developing and validating specific tools to assess important outcome domains in chronic pain has been realized. Opportunities exist for further measurement validation in most domains, and further theory-driven treatment research to match goals of the treatment with specific interventions and outcomes.

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Anderson, Valerie C., Christina Carlson, and Deborah Shatin. "Outcomes of Spinal Cord Stimulation: Patient Validation." Neuromodulation: Technology at the Neural Interface 4, no. 1 (January 2001): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1403.2001.00011.x.

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Santilli, John, Robert Nathan, Jeffrey Glassheim, William Rockwell, and Karen Gold. "Validation of the rhinitis outcomes questionnaire (ROQ)." Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 86, no. 2 (February 2001): 222–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1081-1206(10)62695-6.

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Matthews, Lynda R. "Development and Validation of the Work Outcomes Coding Scale." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 8, no. 2 (January 2002): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323892200000569.

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This article describes the development and validation of a new measure of post-accident work outcome and adjustment, the Work Outcomes Coding Scale (WOCS), whose items were derived from rehabilitation indices used individually by the Workcover Authority of New South Wales. Psychometric qualities of the 4-item scale were determined using two samples of hospitalised accident survivors who returned to work following their accident. The WOCS showed excellent internal consistency, correlated moderately to highly with other measures of role functioning and had low, significant correlations with factors connected with work adjustment. Low range WOCS scores were shown to be indicative of poor work outcomes and increasing need for vocational rehabilitation interventions.

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SILVA, L. K. "Validation of Outcomes Through the Analysis of the Process-Outcome Relation: Limitations." International Journal for Quality in Health Care 9, no. 2 (January 1, 1997): 101–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/9.2.101.

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White, Peter, George Lewith, and Phil Prescott. "The Core Outcomes for Neck Pain: Validation of a New Outcome Measure." Spine 29, no. 17 (September 2004): 1923–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.brs.0000137066.50291.da.

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Ackerman, Benjamin, Juned Siddique, and Elizabeth A. Stuart. "Calibrating validation samples when accounting for measurement error in intervention studies." Statistical Methods in Medical Research 30, no. 5 (February 23, 2021): 1235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0962280220988574.

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Many lifestyle intervention trials depend on collecting self-reported outcomes, such as dietary intake, to assess the intervention’s effectiveness. Self-reported outcomes are subject to measurement error, which impacts treatment effect estimation. External validation studies measure both self-reported outcomes and accompanying biomarkers, and can be used to account for measurement error. However, in order to account for measurement error using an external validation sample, an assumption must be made that the inferences are transportable from the validation sample to the intervention trial of interest. This assumption does not always hold. In this paper, we propose an approach that adjusts the validation sample to better resemble the trial sample, and we also formally investigate when bias due to poor transportability may arise. Lastly, we examine the performance of the methods using simulation, and illustrate them using PREMIER, a lifestyle intervention trial measuring self-reported sodium intake as an outcome, and OPEN, a validation study measuring both self-reported diet and urinary biomarkers.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Outcomes validation"

Khan, Maryam. "Validation of Surrogate Outcomes: Application to Biomarkers of Atherosclerosis." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19963.

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Statement of the problem: Many methods for surrogate outcome validation require individual patient data which is often inaccessible by clinical trialists. Methods: A review was performed to identify statistical methods for surrogate outcome validation that may be implemented using summary data from published clinical trials. The methods were used to evaluate carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) as a surrogate outcome for cardiovascular events in a systematic review of randomized trials of interventions for atherosclerosis. Results: the review of methods identified five procedures. At two or more years of follow-up, there was a marginally significant association of CIMT with myocardial infarction and a statistically significant association with cardiovascular mortality. At ≥ four years of follow-up, a statistically significant, negative relationship was observed between CIMT and stroke. Conclusions: CIMT may be a valid surrogate outcome for myocardial infarction and cardiovascular mortality. Additional data is needed to evaluate CIMT in specific drug classes.

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Lefringhausen, Katharina. "The extended acculturation model for locals : validation, outcomes, and antecedents." Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/11434.

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Previous scholarship has highlighted the validity and reliability of a bidimensional acculturation model for migrants, allowing for simultaneous endorsement of one’s heritage and national culture. So far, however, no empirical research has explored whether the bidimensional acculturation model can be extended from migrants to members of the mainstream society (i.e., locals). Thus, the broad aims of this dissertation were threefold: (a) to validate a new framework, termed the Extended Acculturation Model for Locals (EAML), which consists of two dimensions (i.e., national culture maintenance and multicultural adaptation), and (b) to examine the outcomes as well as (c) antecedents of these dimensions. In this dissertation, the General Introduction outlines the growth of multiculturalism across societies, followed by a review of existing acculturation research on migrants and the analogous work on locals. It is noted that migrants’ acculturation process implies individual-level changes, whilst locals’ acculturation process implies attitudes and behaviours which hinder or foster migrants’ individual-level changes. The Study Overview outlines the dimensionality of locals’ acculturation process, their adjustment outcomes and antecedents. Using a modified Vancouver Index of Acculturation (Multi-VIA), Study 1 found support for a bidimensional acculturation model for locals consisting of two reliable and valid subscales indicating national culture maintenance and multicultural adaptation. Study 2 buttresses the validity and reliability of the Multi-VIA across cultures as well as demonstrates the ability of national culture maintenance and multicultural adaptation to predict locals’ sociocultural and psychological adjustment outcomes. Study 3 explains why the correlation between locals’ national culture maintenance and multicultural adaptation is either orthogonal or positive oblique; more specifically, the correlation is moderated by locals’ degree of multicultural exposure, their likeliness to compartmentalize or blend their multicultural identity as well as through high or low self-construal endorsement. Study 4 demonstrates that national culture maintenance and multicultural adaptation predict local employees’ organizational behaviour in multinational corporations. Study 5 revealed that cultural values endorsed at the individual-level predicted locals’ national culture maintenance and multicultural adaptation. Moreover, these individual-level value-outcome associations were moderated by compatible societal-level pro-diversity messages. The General Discussion reviews all of the study findings as well as discusses their implications. The General Limitations and Future Directions describes the theoretical and methodological shortcomings of the Extended Acculturation Model for Locals whilst setting future directions for research. Last, the Final Remarks stresses the overall strengths of the present dissertation – that is, it fills the present research gap on locals’ acculturation towards multiculturalism, and in turn, provides a new route towards harmonious intergroup relations and social cohesion in mixing societies.

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Rahman, M. S. "Validation measures for prognostic models for independent and correlated binary and survival outcomes." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1367069/.

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Prognostic models are developed to guide the clinical management of patients or to assess the performance of health institutions. It is essential that performances of these models are evaluated using appropriate validation measures. Despite the proposal of several validation measures for survival outcomes, it is still unclear which measures should be generally used in practice. In this thesis, a simulation study was performed to investigate a range of validation measures for survival outcomes in order to make practical recommendations regarding their use. Measures were evaluated with respect to their robustness to censoring and their sensitivity to the omission of important predictors. Based on the simulation results, from the discrimination measures, Gonen and Heller's K statistic can be recommended for validating a survival risk model developed using the Cox proportional hazards model, since it is both robust to censoring and reasonably sensitive to predictor omission. Royston and Sauerbrei's D statistic can be recommended provided that the distribution of the prognostic index is approximately normal. Harrell's C-index was affected by censoring and cannot be recommended for use with data with more than 30% censoring. The calibration slope can be recommended as a measure of calibration since it is not affected by censoring. The measures of predictive accuracy and explained variation (Graf et al's integrated Brier Score and its R-square version, and Schemper and Henderson's V) cannot be recommended due to their poor performance in the presence of censored data. In multicentre studies patients are typically clustered within centres and are likely to be correlated. Typically, random effects logistic and frailty models are fitted to clustered binary and survival outcomes, respectively. However, limited work has been done to assess the predictive ability of these models. This research extended existing validation measures for independent data, such as the C-index, D statistic, calibration slope, Brier score, and the K statistic for use with random effects/frailty models. Two approaches: the `overall' and `pooled cluster-specific' are proposed. The `overall' approach incorporates comparisons of subjects both within-and between-clusters. The `pooled cluster-specific' measures are obtained by pooling the cluster-specific estimates based on comparisons of subjects within each cluster; the pooling is achieved using a random effects summary statistics method. Each approach can produce three different values for the validation measures, depending on the type of predictions: conditional predictions using the estimates of the random effects or setting these as zero and marginal predictions by integrating out the random effects. Their performances were investigated using simulation studies. The `overall' measures based on the conditional predictions including the random effects performed reasonably well in a range of scenarios and are recommended for validating models when using subjects from the same clusters as the development data. The measures based on the marginal predictions and the conditional predictions that set the random effects to be zero were biased when the intra-cluster correlation was moderate to high and can be used for subjects in new clusters when the intra-cluster correlation coefficient is less than 0.05. The `pooled cluster-specific' measures performed well when the clusters had reasonable number of events. Generally, both the `overall' and `pooled' measures are recommended for use in practice. In choosing a validation measure, the following characteristics of the validation data should be investigated: the level of censoring (for survival outcome), the distribution of the prognostic index, whether the clusters are the same or different to those in the development data, the level of clustering and the cluster size.

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Eccles, Alicia. "Validation of behavioural outcomes of anxiety (BOA) questionnaire in stroke survivors with aphasia." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2015. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/75642/.

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Aims: Anxiety disorders and aphasia are common following stroke. This study investigated the psychometric properties of the Behavioural Outcomes of Anxiety scale (BOA) in a sample of aphasic stroke survivors. The BOA relies upon the observations of a carer to rate the anxiety of the stroke survivor. The Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 measure (GAD-7) is a brief screen for general anxiety which has not been investigated in stroke. A secondary aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of an observational version of the GAD-7 for aphasic stroke survivors. Design: Cross-sectional questionnaires, with repeated measures and a relaxation intervention for a subsample. Correlational and ROC analysis to assess psychometric properties, repeated measures MANOVA to assess the outcome of the intervention. Method: One hundred and eleven stroke survivor-carer dyads were recruited through voluntary sector organisations. All survivors completed a visual self-report anxiety screen, the Tension Rating Circles (TRCs), and the Frenchay Aphasia Severity Test (FAST). Carers completed the BOA and adapted versions of the anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A) and GAD-7. A sub-group of 29 survivor-carer dyads repeated the measures two weeks later to assess test-retest reliability. Within this sub-group, stroke survivors were randomly allocated to a relaxation training or control group. Results: 41.4% of these aphasic stroke survivors were identified as anxious which is higher than prevalence rates in general stroke samples. The BOA and the GAD-7 correlated significantly with each other and with all the other measures of anxiety. When using the HADS-A (≥7) as a criterion standard against the BOA, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.90 (excellent range of accuracy). A cut-off score on the BOA >16 achieved recommended levels of sensitivity (0.85) and specificity (0.85). For the GAD-7, using the same criterion standard, the AUC (0.94) also fell within the excellent range of accuracy, and was significantly greater than an AUC of 0.50. Optimal cut-off for identifying anxiety was a score of >4 (sensitivity: 0.91, specificity: 0.83). Significantly greater reductions in the BOA scores occurred in survivors who completed relaxation training than in the controls, providing evidence of construct validity. The BOA and the GAD-7 both showed good test-retest reliability of 0.91 and 0.67 respectively. Feedback from carers revealed that the BOA was easy and quick to use and prompted further reflection on the emotional status of the survivors. Conclusions: The carer-completed BOA appears to be a valid and reliable screen for anxiety in stroke survivors with aphasia. Preliminary support for the validity of the GAD-7 is provided and further studies are warranted. Clinical and theoretical implications of the study findings are discussed and recommendations for future research are outlined.

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van, Leeuwen Karen, Judith E. Bosmans, Aaltje PD Jansen, Stacey E. Rand, Ann-Marie Towers, Nick Smith, Kamilla Razik, et al. "Dutch translation and cross-cultural validation of the Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit (ASCOT)." BioMed Central, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12955-015-0249-x.

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Background: The Adult Social Care Outcomes Toolkit was developed to measure outcomes of social care in England. In this study, we translated the four level self-completion version (SCT-4) of the ASCOT for use in the Netherlands and performed a cross-cultural validation. Methods: The ASCOT SCT-4 was translated into Dutch following international guidelines, including two forward and back translations. The resulting version was pilot tested among frail older adults using think-aloud interviews. Furthermore, using a subsample of the Dutch ACT-study, we investigated test-retest reliability and construct validity and compared response distributions with data from a comparable English study. Results: The pilot tests showed that translated items were in general understood as intended, that most items were reliable, and that the response distributions of the Dutch translation and associations with other measures were comparable to the original English version. Based on the results of the pilot tests, some small modifications and a revision of the Dignity items were proposed for the final translation, which were approved by the ASCOT development team. The complete original English version and the final Dutch translation can be obtained after registration on the ASCOT website (http://www.pssru.ac.uk/ascot). Conclusions: This study provides preliminary evidence that the Dutch translation of the ASCOT is valid, reliable and comparable to the original English version. We recommend further research to confirm the validity of the modified Dutch ASCOT translation. (authors' abstract)

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Scott, Nehemiah D. "Antecedents and Outcomes of Ambidexterity in the Supply Chain: Theoretical Development and Empirical Validation." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1431018877.

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Judd-Murray, M. Rose. "Development and Validation of an Agricultural Literacy Instrument Using the National Agricultural Literacy Outcomes." DigitalCommons@USU, 2019. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7562.

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This study was conducted to develop a standardized agricultural literacy assessment using the National Agricultural Literacy Outcomes (NALOs) as benchmarks. The need for such an assessment was born out of previous research, which found that despite numerous programs dedicated to improving agricultural literacy, many students and adults remain at low or very low levels of literacy. Low literacy levels lead to negative associations with the production and processing of food, clothing, and shelter, as well as misinformed public perceptions and policies. Agricultural literacy researchers recognized that the development of a standardized assessment for post-12th grade, or equivalent, could unify both research and program development efforts. The assessment was developed by forming two groups of experts. Teaching experts and agricultural content experts worked together in an iterative process. They crafted 45 questions using research methods and models. The 45 items were placed in an online survey to be tested for validity by a participant group. During the Fall 2018 semester, 515 Utah State University students between the ages of 18-23 years old participated in the online assessment. The participant data assisted in determining which questions were valid and reliable for determining agricultural literacy, as aligned to the NALO standards. Additional demographic information was also collected from participants. The demographic items asked students to self-report their level of exposure to agriculture and their self-perceived level of agricultural literacy. The study concluded that two separate 15-item Judd-Murray Agricultural Literacy Instruments (JMALI) were valid and reliable for determining agricultural proficiency levels based on the NALOs. Participant scores were reported as a single proficiency stage: exposure, factual literacy, or applicable proficiency. The study also determined that students who had a “great deal” or higher level of exposure to agriculture also had a strong, positive correlation with a “good” or higher level of agricultural literacy. Findings show participants who reported a “good” level of agricultural literacy shared a positive correlation with either performing at a factual literacy (middle) or applicable proficiency (highest) level on the assessment. The results suggest JMALI instruments have the potential to assist in improving current agricultural education endeavors by providing a critical tool for determining the agricultural literacy proficiency stages of adult populations.

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CARLI, SARA. "Identification and validation of novel measurable outcomes for Rett syndrome through MRI and preclinical studies." Doctoral thesis, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11768/133062.

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Mutations in the X-linked Mecp2 gene are responsible for the typical form of Rett syndrome (RTT), a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder that affects almost 1 out of 10,000 females born alive. Although mutations in the Cdkl5 gene have initially been associated with an atypical form of RTT, Cdkl5 Deficiency Disorder is now an independent disease (CDD). Nonetheless, both pathologies share a plethora of symptoms and they are primarily identified by neurodevelopmental delay. To date, no effective cure is available for RTT and CDD, even though it was demonstrated that reactivation of gene-causing disease in animal models leads to the reversal of neurological symptoms. Both diseases lack solid biomarkers capable of quantitatively measuring structural, functional or metabolic changes, permitting the assessment of disease progression and the actual benefits of therapeutic approaches. To fulfil this gap of knowledge, my thesis principally aimed at identifying sensitive measurable outcomes for both diseases. We exploited multiple approaches of ex vivo and in vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to investigate anatomical and neurochemical properties of different cerebral regions in preclinical models of RTT and CDD. No difference in brain morphology was found in the Cdkl5 KO mouse, whereas a strong deregulation of metabolites related to mitochondrial homeostasis led us to unveil altered ATP and activated AMP-protein kinase (AMPK) levels. To validate those results, we started a pharmacological treatment acting on AMPK, that significantly ameliorated behavioural phenotypes of the Cdkl5 mouse. On the other hand, we longitudinally compared a full Mecp2 knockout mouse to a knock-in mouse harbouring a pathogenic missense mutation (Mecp2-Y120D). In vivo MRI on both genders revealed how developmental trajectory of the brain evolves in a comparable but not overlapping way, thus highlighting relevant gender and genotype discrepancies. Concomitantly, magnetic spectroscopy unveiled dysregulation of metabolites mainly related to energy homeostasis and neurotransmission. Collectively, we revealed the great potential of MRI in monitoring the disease progression in specific models of RTT and CDD and in identifying relevant pathways to pursue ad hoc pharmacological approaches. Further, they have highlighted that Mecp2 deficiency diversely affect the disease progression depending on the genetic lesion, gender and region of the brain.
Le mutazioni nel gene Mecp2, sito sul cromosoma X, sono responsabili per la forma “tipica” della sindrome di Rett (RTT), una devastante patologia del neurosviluppo che colpisce 1:10.000 bambine nate vive. Sebbene anche le mutazioni nel gene Cdkl5 erano state inizialmente associate alla forma “atipica” della RTT, oggi la Sindrome da Deficienza di Cdkl5 (CDD) è considerata una patologia a sé stante. Entrambe le patologie presentano una sintomatologia simile e sono caratterizzate perlopiù da un ritardo del neurosviluppo. Ad oggi, purtroppo, non esistono cure efficaci, anche se è stato dimostrato che riattivando i geni responsabili delle malattie in modelli animali può portare al recupero dei sintomi neurologici. Uno dei principali limiti nello sviluppo di una strategia terapeutica è dato dalla mancanza di solidi biomarcatori che possano misurare oggettivamente modificazioni strutturali, funzionali e metaboliche, permettendo quindi di seguire il decorso della patologia ma anche gli effetti benefici di un trattamento. Per ovviare a questa problematica, la mia tesi mira ad identificare biomarcatori per entrambe le patologie. Abbiamo utilizzato diversi approcci di risonanza magnetica (MRI) per investigare le proprietà anatomiche e neurochimiche di diverse regioni cerebrali in modelli murini di RTT e CDD. Nel topo nullo per Cdkl5 non sono state riscontrate differenze anatomiche, tuttavia la spettroscopia di risonanza magnetica ha rivelato una deregolazione in metaboliti coinvolti nell’omeostasi energetica. Studi molecolari hanno confermato un forte decremento di ATP e della proteina AMPK nell’ippocampo nullo per Cdkl5. Abbiamo quindi iniziato un primo studio preclinico che mira a modulare i livelli di AMPK e nei topi KO trattati è stato riscontrato un miglioramento in diversi test comportamentali. Dall’altra parte, abbiamo seguito e comparato longitudinalmente in vivo il topo nullo per Mecp2 e un topo avente una mutazione missenso (Mecp2-Y120D). La MRI strutturale su topi di entrambi i sessi ha mostrato come lo sviluppo cerebrale nei diversi modelli sia comparabile ma non sovrapponibile, evidenziando differenze relative sia al sesso che al genotipo. Allo stesso tempo, tramite la spettroscopia di risonanza magnetica abbiamo riscontrato la deregolazione di metaboliti legati alla neurotrasmissione e al metabolismo energetico. In conclusione, il nostro studio sottolinea il grande potenziale della MRI nel monitorare il decorso di diverse patologie in specifici modelli di RTT e CDD, così come la sua rilevanza nell’identificare pathways importanti nello sviluppo di approcci farmacologici mirati. In più, abbiamo mostrato come la deficienza da Mecp2 affligga diversamente lo sviluppo della patologia a seconda del tipo di mutazione, del sesso e della regione cerebrale.

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Bell, Iris, Victoria Cunningham, Opher Caspi, Paula Meek, and Lynn Ferro. "Development and validation of a new global well-being outcomes rating scale for integrative medicine research." BioMed Central, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/610356.

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BACKGROUND:Researchers are finding limitations of currently available disease-focused questionnaire tools for outcome studies in complementary and alternative medicine/integrative medicine (CAM/IM).METHODS:Three substudies investigated the new one-item visual analogue Arizona Integrative Outcomes Scale (AIOS), which assesses self-rated global sense of spiritual, social, mental, emotional, and physical well-being over the past 24 hours and the past month. The first study tested the scale's ability to discriminate unhealthy individuals (n = 50) from healthy individuals (n = 50) in a rehabilitation outpatient clinic sample. The second study examined the concurrent validity of the AIOS by comparing ratings of global well-being to degree of psychological distress as measured by the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) in undergraduate college students (N = 458). The third study evaluated the relationships between the AIOS and positively- and negatively-valenced tools (Positive and Negative Affect Scale and the Positive States of Mind Scale) in a different sample of undergraduate students (N = 62).RESULTS:Substudy (i) Rehabilitation patients scored significantly lower than the healthy controls on both forms of the AIOS and a current global health rating. The AIOS 24-hours correlated moderately and significantly with global health (patients r = 0.50
controls r = 0.45). AIOS 1-month correlations with global health were stronger within the controls (patients r = 0.36
controls r = 0.50). Controls (r = 0.64) had a higher correlation between the AIOS 24-hour and 1-month forms than did the patients (r = 0.33), which is consistent with the presumptive improvement in the patients' condition over the previous 30 days in rehabilitation. Substudy (ii) In undergraduate students, AIOS scores were inversely related to distress ratings, as measured by the global severity index on the BSI (rAIOS24h = -0.42, rAIOS1month = -0.40). Substudy (iii) AIOS scores were significantly correlated with positive affect (rAIOS24h = 0.56, rAIOS1month = 0.57) and positive states of mind (rAIOS24h = 0.42, rAIOS1month = 0.45), and inversely correlated with negative affect (rAIOS24h = -0.41, rAIOS1month = -0.59).CONCLUSIONS:The AIOS is able to distinguish relatively sicker from relatively healthier individuals
and correlates in expected directions with a measure of distress and indicators of positive and negative affect and positive states of mind. The AIOS offers a tool for CAM/IM research that extends beyond a disease emphasis.

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Oh, Hyunkyoung. "Validation of nursing-sensitive knowledge and self-management outcomes for adults with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/3153.

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Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and diabetes are the most significant chronic diseases globally due to their high prevalence and mortality. People with CVD or diabetes need to know how to self-manage their health conditions to promote, maintain, and restore their health status. The Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC) has assisted nurses and other health care providers to evaluate and quantify the status of the patient and has reflected the current health care issues that are to prevent progression of chronic diseases. Based on the current health focus, additional knowledge and self-management NOC outcomes were developed and added to the latest edition of NOC published in 2013. Generally, validation of measurement tools is required to provide trustworthy evidence for use in practice. As measurement tools, NOC outcomes with their definitions, indicators, and measurement scales need to be validated for accuracy, meaningfulness, and usefulness before they are widely used in various health settings. To provide clinical evidence for effective nursing practice such as accurate assessments and evaluations, validation of NOC outcomes is required. The purpose of this study was to validate 12 NOC outcomes focused on knowledge and self-management for people with CVD and diabetes. A descriptive exploratory design was used to validate the selected NOC outcomes, and a two round survey using the Delphi technique was used to collect data from the invited experts via email. Two subject populations were invited. The first expert group was related to standardized nursing languages (SNL) and invited experts were members of NANDA International or a fellow of the Center for Nursing Classification and Clinical Effectiveness (CNC). The second expert group was related to self-management and invited experts were members of two research interest groups which are Health Promoting Behaviors Across the Lifespan and Self Care in the Midwest Nursing Research Society (MNRS). Descriptive statistics were used to determine the definition adequacy, clinical usefulness of measurement scales, and similarity between content of knowledge and self-management outcomes. The Outcome Content Validity (OCV) method was used for the content validity of outcomes and their indicators. A total of 46 and 27 nurse experts participated in the first and second round surveys, respectively. The mean age of participants was 51.87 years (SD=13.03) and the mean of experience in nursing was 27.67 (SD=14.75) years. Most participants had experience using SNL (82.6%). Each outcome reported acceptable psychometric properties. The range of definition adequacy of the 12 NOC outcomes was from 3.71 to 4.29 (perfect score is 5.0). The range of clinical usefulness for using measurement scales was from 3.77 to 4.29. The range of content similarity of the six pairs was from 3.88 to 4.35. Every evaluated NOC outcome identified as critical with over .80 OCV scores (perfect score 1.0). More than 80% of indicators were categorized in the critical level in the first round. Thus, psychometric properties of the 12 NOC outcomes were acceptable to use in the clinical settings. By using validated NOC outcomes, nurses caring of patients with CVD or diabetes can evaluate patient outcomes effectively, and determine the effect of nursing interventions accurately. Development of new NOC outcomes and validation of them will provide nurses with measurement tools to use with patients, clinical evidence for quality improvement and knowledge development in nursing.

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Книги з теми "Outcomes validation"

Employee responsibility: Conceptualization, validation, determinants, and outcomes. Göteborg: School of Business, Economics and Law, University of Gothenburg, 2008.

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Burtenshaw, Leonard John. The construction and validation of a criterion-referenced test to measure the musical outcomes of the upperelementary school pupils instructed in the Kodaly method in the U.S.A. Ann Arbor, Michigan: University Microfilms International, 1985.

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Bathers, Sarah. Initiation, validation and outcome of a urothelial tumour surveillance programme. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1994.

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Cappelleri, Joseph C., and Andrew G. Bushmakin. Practical Approach to Quantitative Validation of Patient-Reported Outcomes: A Simulation-Based Guide Using SAS. Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, John, 2022.

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Cappelleri, Joseph C., and Andrew G. Bushmakin. Practical Approach to Quantitative Validation of Patient-Reported Outcomes: A Simulation-Based Guide Using SAS. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2023.

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Design, Validation, and An Application of the Future Adult Model: A Dynamic Microsimulation Model of Health-Related Outcomes in the United States. RAND Corporation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7249/rgsda1439-1.

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Harrison, Elizabeth L. Validation of clinical outcome measures for patellofemoral pain syndrome. UMI, 1994.

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Sillence, Elizabeth, and Pam Briggs. Examining the role of the Internet in health behaviour. Edited by Adam N. Joinson, Katelyn Y. A. McKenna, Tom Postmes, and Ulf-Dietrich Reips. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199561803.013.0022.

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This article explores the role of the Internet in health behaviour, with particular emphasis on the issue of trust and trusting behaviours, as this is seen as key to determining the impact of the Internet on health outcomes. It is organized as follows. The first section discusses the role of the Internet in the context of health information and advice, exploring broader issues such as user motivation and outcomes in terms of perceived health benefits, as well as interactions with healthcare professionals. The article then goes on to examine the types of health websites available, and explores issues of advice and information quality. The following section examines the context of trust in relation to online health advice and information, and presents a staged model of trust that helps reconcile differences in the literature. The last section presents a validation of the staged model through in-depth, longitudinal qualitative work.

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Частини книг з теми "Outcomes validation"

Cappelleri, Joseph C., Andrew G. Bushmakin, and Jose Ma J. Alvir. "Patient-Reported Outcomes: Development and Validation." In Statistical Topics in Health Economics and Outcomes Research, 15–46. Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, [2018]: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351252683-2.

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Renard, Didier, and Helena Geys. "Meta-analytic Validation with Binary Outcomes." In Statistics for Biology and Health, 153–62. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-27080-9_10.

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Geys, Helena. "Validation Using Single-trial Data: Mixed Binary and Continuous Outcomes." In Statistics for Biology and Health, 83–93. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-387-27080-9_6.

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Seyedi, Mohammad Reza, Sungmoon Jung, and Jerzy Wekezer. "Characteristic Analysis of Modified Dolly Test: A Sensitivity Study of Initial Conditions on Rollover Outcomes." In Model Validation and Uncertainty Quantification, Volume 3, 107–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12075-7_11.

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Kamudoni, Paul, Nutjaree Johns, and Sam Salek. "Content Validation by Patients and Experts: Is the PRO Measure Fit for Purpose?" In Living with Chronic Disease: Measuring Important Patient-Reported Outcomes, 75–90. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-8414-0_4.

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Chan, Eric K. H., Bruno D. Zumbo, Wen Zhang, Michelle Y. Chen, Ira Darmawanti, and Olievia P. Mulyana. "Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQoL) Assessment: Reporting of Psychometric Validity Evidence." In Validity and Validation in Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences, 243–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07794-9_14.

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Brunone, Federica, Marco Cucuzza, Marco Imperadori, and Andrea Vanossi. "A Validation Opportunity: Case-Studies Analysis and Outcomes on the Application of the Method on Real Buildings." In Wood Additive Technologies, 65–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78136-1_4.

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Nishikimi, Mitsuaki. "Prediction in Neurological Outcomes in Cardiac Arrest Patients Before Inducing Targeted Temperature Management: Validation of CAST or cCAST." In A Perspective on Post-Cardiac Arrest Syndrome, 59–70. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1099-7_5.

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Beyer, Dirk, and Karlheinz Friedberger. "Violation Witnesses and Result Validation for Multi-Threaded Programs." In Leveraging Applications of Formal Methods, Verification and Validation: Verification Principles, 449–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-61362-4_26.

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Abstract Invariants and error traces are important results of a program analysis, and therefore, a standardized exchange format for verification witnesses is used by many program analyzers to store and share those results. This way, information about program traces and variable assignments can be shared across tools, e.g., to validate verification results, or provided to users, e.g., to visualize and explore the results in order to fix bugs or understand the reason for a program’s correctness. The standard format for correctness and violation witnesses that was used by SV-COMP for several years was only applicable to sequential (single-threaded) programs. To enable the validation of results for multi-threaded programs, we extend the existing standard exchange format by adding information about thread management and thread interleaving. We contribute a reference implementation of a validator for violation witnesses in the new format, which we implemented as component of the software-verification framework "Image missing" . We experimentally evaluate the format and validator on a large set of violation witnesses. The outcome is promising: several verification tools already produce violation witnesses that help validating the verification results, and our witness validator can re-verify most of the produced witnesses.

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Hew, Khe Foon, Shurui Bai, Weijiao Huang, Jiahui Du, Guoyuhui Huang, Chengyuan Jia, and Thankrit Khongjan. "Does Flipped Classroom Improve Student Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes in STEM Subjects? Evidence from a Second-Order Meta-Analysis and Validation Study." In Blended Learning. Education in a Smart Learning Environment, 264–75. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51968-1_22.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Outcomes validation"

Thompson, Irwin. "VALIDATION OF THE REFLECTIVE OUTCOMES SCALE: AN OUTCOMES-BASED REFLECTIVE PRACTICE ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT." In 13th annual International Conference of Education, Research and Innovation. IATED, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/iceri.2020.2190.

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Shah, S., LP Middleton, I. Bedrosian, SH Giordano, W. Yang, T. Yu, W. Woodward, et al. "Male breast cancer outcomes: validation and modification of a guideline." In CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2008 Abstracts. American Association for Cancer Research, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-4131.

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Schultz, Nicole, Elizabeth Aston, Jane Metrik, and Jason Ramirez. "Validation of the Marijuana Purchase Task Among Adolescent Marijuana Users." In 2021 Virtual Scientific Meeting of the Research Society on Marijuana. Research Society on Marijuana, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26828/cannabis.2022.01.000.43.

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Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit substance, with daily use rising among 8th and 10th graders. Adolescents view marijuana use as carrying minimal risk despite a host of associated psychosocial consequences. Within the behavioral economic framework, the Marijuana Purchase Task (MPT) has been used to understand demand (i.e., relative value) for marijuana. The MPT is a hypothetical purchase task that produces five demand indices reflective of the relative reinforcing value of marijuana and include intensity (i.e., amount consumed at zero cost), Omax (i.e., maximum expenditure), Pmax (i.e., price at maximum expenditure), breakpoint (i.e., cost at which consumption is suppressed to zero), and elasticity (i.e., rate at which consumption decreases as price increases). To date, the MPT has only been validated with adult samples; thus, the current study aimed to validate the MPT with a late adolescent sample who presumably have less experience in purchasing and using marijuana relative to adult users. Convergent validity was established via correlations between demand indices and marijuana outcomes (i.e., marijuana use, consequences, craving, and recent marijuana expenditures). Divergent validity was established via t-tests to examine group differences between hazardous and non-hazardous users as differentiated by the Cannabis Use Disorders Identification Test-Revised (CUDIT-R; scores of 8 or greater indicate hazardous use). Participants were 115 adolescents (Mage = 16.94, SDage = 0.88; 52% female; 64% high school student) between the ages of 15-18 who reported lifetime marijuana use and current marijuana demand. As expected, results showed that as price increased, hypothetical marijuana use decreased. Convergent validity was established via significant associations between demand indices and marijuana outcomes. Omax, breakpoint, and elasticity were significantly correlated with marijuana use outcomes in predicted directions such that greater demand was associated with more use, consequences, craving, and recent expenditures (ps <.05). Intensity was positively correlated with craving and expenditures (ps < .05). Pmax was not significantly correlated with any marijuana use outcome. Divergent validity was also established; compared to non-hazardous users (n = 39), hazardous users (n = 76) exhibited significantly higher Omax (t = 3.11, p <.01), Pmax (t = 2.08, p <.05), breakpoint (t = 3.71, p < .001), and elasticity (t = 3.11, p <.01). There was no difference in intensity across user types. Findings from the current study are unique in several ways. First, in contrast with previous literature, intensity was less consistently associated with marijuana outcomes. However, indices related to price sensitivity are important metrics in this age group, as evidenced by significant associations between Omax, breakpoint, and elasticity and marijuana outcomes. These findings are further evidenced by the ability of Omax, Pmax, breakpoint, and elasticity to differentiate non-hazardous versus hazardous users. Together, these findings suggest that the MPT is a valid measure for assessing the reinforcing value of marijuana among adolescents. Future research should replicate these findings, as well as examine the factor structure of the MPT among adolescents.

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Piraccini, Francesco, Roberto Biondi, and Lorenzo Cosi. "Aeromechanic Validation of a New Steam Turbine LP Section: Test Major Outcomes." In ASME Turbo Expo 2010: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2010-22353.

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To enhance the Steam Turbine product line rotating speed and efficiency, GE Company has developed a new generation of high rotating speed Steam Turbine Low Pressure (LP) Sections named HS family (see also Cosi at al., [1.]). The master component of the family, and its smallest size, is the 4-stage LP section HS8, capable of variable speed operation up to 11250 rpm. The aeromechanical validation of HS8 was carried out in two steps: a full-scale rotating test in a vacuum chamber (so called wheel Box Test, WBT) and a full-size test vehicle campaign in steam (Low Pressure Development Turbine, LPDT). During both tests the 4-stage rotors were equipped with a reliable system of strain gages and thermocouples. Aim of the present paper is to present an overview of the experimental results and post-processed data from both tests. Measured blades modes frequencies, responses and quality factors from both WBT and LPDT are described and compared, and the behavior of these parameters at different mass-flows and backpressures is explored. Then, interesting results from the comparison of damping (or Q factors), in WBT and LPDT test are presented. Finally, a methodology for nodal diameter configuration identification is described. To the best of authors’ knowledge the present paper is the deepest investigation about damping in WBT and prototypical test for steam turbine last stage blades.

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Berg, Tor E., and Ørjan Selvik. "Outcomes From a Study of Validation of Ship Specific Models for Shiphandling Simulator." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61400.

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This paper presents some outcomes from a four years (2013 – 2016) long research project investigating validation of ship specific simulation models. In contrast to the other initiatives such as SIMMAN 2008 [1] and SIMMAN 2014 [2], the R&D project “Sea Trials and Model Tests for Validation of Shiphandling Simulation Models” (SIMVAL [3]) investigates model development and validation methods for specific vessels. For these vessels, the yard’s documentation of manoeuvring characteristic was available for the researchers. In addition, the project has been given permission to perform different sets of sea trials on selected case vessels. As far as possible, these sea trials were designed to document vessel-specific operations such as low-speed manoeuvres and dynamic positioning. Other papers presenting results from the SIMVAL project will be given in a separate session, Session 12–14, in the Torgeir Moan Symposium at OMAE2017.

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Lay-Ekuakille, A., P. Vergallo, N. I. Giannoccaro, A. Massaro, and D. Caratelli. "Prediction and validation of outcomes from air monitoring sensors and networks of sensors." In 2011 Fifth International Conference on Sensing Technology (ICST 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsenst.2011.6137072.

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Botte, Brunella, Giada Marinensi, and Flaminia Musella. "HIGHER EDUCATION STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION OF THEIR LEARNING OUTCOMES: VALIDATION OF A MEASUREMENT SCALE." In 16th International Technology, Education and Development Conference. IATED, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/inted.2022.2231.

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Messineo, L., F. Fanfulla, L. Pedroni, F. Pini, A. Borghesi, S. Golemi, G. Vailati, A. Malhotra, L. Corda, and S. A. Sands. "Breath-Holding Physiology and Adverse Outcomes of COVID-19: A Prospective Validation Study." In American Thoracic Society 2022 International Conference, May 13-18, 2022 - San Francisco, CA. American Thoracic Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2022.205.1_meetingabstracts.a3918.

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Zhang, Yongbin, Ronghua Liang, Yanying Zheng, Hao Zhang, Ping Wang, and Ye Li. "Summative Assessment of Undergraduate Learning Outcomes with Cross-Validation in C Programming Course." In 2022 10th International Conference on Information and Education Technology (ICIET). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iciet55102.2022.9779036.

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Berg, Tor E., and Edvard Ringen. "Validation of Shiphandling Simulation Models." In ASME 2011 30th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2011-50107.

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This paper describes the need for improved methods for validating numerical models used in shiphandling simulators. Such models vary in complexity, from rather simplistic models used for initial shiphandling training at maritime training centers to high-quality models used in the study of advanced marine operations. High-quality simulation models are also used in investigations of maritime accidents such as collisions and groundings. The SIMMAN 2008 conference presented the results of benchmarking studies of simulation tools currently used by research institutes, universities and training centers around the world. Many of these tools employ models based on numerical calculations using methods based on potential or viscous fluid flow, experiments using scale ship models (free running or captive) or semi empirical expressions based on regression analysis of previous model tests. The organizers of SIMMAN 2008 made the hull characteristics of certain ship types available for a comparative study of simulation maneuvering models. The outcome of the benchmark study (using IMO standard maneuvers as case study maneuvers) showed that simulated results varied significantly. In the opinion of the authors, there is an urgent need for new validation studies. The first part of this paper discusses the concepts of simulation model fidelity, verification and validation and the present guidelines issued by ITTC for validation of maneuvering simulation models. The second part looks at the outcomes of the SIMMAN 2008 conference and describes MARINTEK’s contribution to the benchmark study. The use of real-world measurements in model validation is briefly discussed. The need for registration of actual test conditions, as well as the types of tests that should be included in a test scheme, are presented. Finally, the authors discuss validation requirements with respect to the actual application of the selected simulation model as an engineering tool that can be transferred to training simulators used by maritime training centers. It is assumed that simplified simulation models may reduce the quality of simulator based training for ship officers. It is believed that increased quality of simulator model will improve the transfer of training from simulators to real life operations and remove some of the uncertainties related to investigation of maritime accidents.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Outcomes validation"

Sinclair, Samantha, and Sally Shoop. Automated detection of austere entry landing zones : a “GRAIL Tools” validation assessment. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45265.

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The Geospatial Remote Assessment for Ingress Locations (GRAIL) Tools software is a geospatial product developed to locate austere entry landing zones (LZs) for military aircraft. Using spatial datasets like land classification and slope, along with predefined LZ geometry specifications, GRAIL Tools generates binary suitability filters that distinguish between suitable and unsuitable terrain. GRAIL Tools combines input suitability filters, searches for LZs at user‐defined orientations, and plots results. To refine GRAIL Tools, we: (a) verified software output; (b) conducted validation assessments using five unpaved LZ sites; and (c) assessed input dataset resolution on outcomes using 30 and 1‐m datasets. The software was verified and validated in California and the Baltics, and all five LZs were correctly identified in either the 30 or the 1‐m data. The 30‐m data provided numerous LZs for consideration, while the 1‐m data highlighted hazardous conditions undetected in the 30‐m data. Digital elevation model grid size affected results, as 1‐m data produced overestimated slope values. Resampling the data to 5 m resulted in more realistic slopes. Results indicate GRAIL Tools is an asset the military can use to rapidly assess terrain conditions.

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Glista, Danielle, Robin O’Hagan, Danielle DiFabio, Sheila Moodie, Karen Muñoz, Keiran Joseph, Christine Brown, et al. Virtual Hearing Aid Care – Clinical Practice Guidance Document. Western Libraries, Western University, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5206/0820211097.

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This document was informed by literature reviews conducted in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute’s guide to evidence synthesis (Aromataris & Munn, 2017; https://joannabriggs.org) and includes evidence related to client candidacy, delivery models, modalities of delivery, and outcomes of virtual hearing aid fitting and management. This document provides clinical practice guidance for virtual hearing aid fitting and management processes and technological requirements in the delivery of such services (herein referred to as virtual hearing aid care). Virtual hearing aid care can include services delivered directly to a client by a provider or using facilitator-supported services and specialized equipment, depending on client factors, type of care, and the timepoint in the care process (e.g., initial versus follow-up appointments). This document will address virtual care including the following types of hearing aid care: o Programming o Verification o Validation o Management (counselling and education) Currently, virtual hearing aid care is better suited to follow-up appointments

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Thomas Austin, Evan, Paul Kang, Chinedu Mmeje, Joseph Mashni, Mark Brenner, Phillip Koo, and John C Chang. Validation of PI-RADS v2 Scores at Various Non-University Radiology Practices. Science Repository, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.aco.2021.02.02.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate the second version of the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADSv2) scores in predicting positive in-bore MRI-guided targeted prostate biopsy results across different non-university related institutions. The study focuses on PI-RADS v2 scoring because during the study period, PI-RADS v2.1 had not been released. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective review of 147 patients who underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) of the pelvis followed by in-bore MRI-guided targeted prostate biopsy from December 2014 to May 2018. All lesions on mpMRI were rated according to PI-RADS v2 criteria. PI-RADS v2 scores were then compared to MR-guided biopsy results and pre-biopsy PSA values. Results: Prostate Cancer (PCa) was detected in 54% (80/147) of patients, with more prostate cancer being detected with each subsequent increase in PI-RADS scores. Specifically, biopsy results in patients with PI-RADS 3, 4, and 5 lesions resulted in PCa in 25.6% (10/39), 58.1% (33/55), and 86.0% (37/43) respectively. Clinically significant PCa (Gleason score ≥7) was detected in 17.9% (7/39), 52.7% (29/55), and 72% (31/43) of cases for PI-RADS 3, 4, and 5 lesions respectively. When the PI-RADS scoring and biopsy results were compared across different institutions, there was no difference in the PI-RADS scoring of lesions or in the positive biopsy rates of the lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV for PI-RADS 3-4 lesions were also not statistically different across the institutions for detecting Gleason 7 or greater lesions. Conclusion: Our results agree with prior studies that higher PI-RADS scores are associated with the presence of clinically significant PCa and suggest prostate lesions with PI-RADS scores 3-5 have sufficient evidence to warrant targeted biopsy. The comparison of PI-RADS score across different types of non-university practices revealed no difference in scoring and biopsy outcome, suggesting that PI-RADS v2 can be easily applied outside of the university medical center setting. Clinical Relevance: PI-RADS v2 can be applied homogeneously in the non-university setting without significant difference in outcome.

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Allik, Mirjam, Dandara Ramos, Marilyn Agranonik, Elzo Pereira Pinto Junior, Maria Yury Ichihara, Mauricio Barreto, Alastair Leyland, and Ruth Dundas. Developing a Small-Area Deprivation Measure for Brazil. University of Glasgow, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36399/gla.pubs.215898.

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This report describes the development of the BrazDep small-area deprivation measure for the whole of Brazil. The measure uses the 2010 Brazilian Population Census data and is calculated for the smallest possible geographical area level, the census sectors. It combines three variables – (1) percent of households with per capita income ≤ 1/2 minimum wage; (2) percent of people not literate, aged 7+; and (3) average of percent of people with inadequate access to sewage, water, garbage collection and no toilet and bath/shower – into a single measure. Similar measures have previously been developed at the census sector level for some states or municipalities, but the deprivation measure described in this report is the first one to be provided for census sectors for the whole of Brazil. BrazDep is a measure of relative deprivation, placing the census sectors on a scale of material well-being from the least to the most deprived. It is useful in comparing areas within Brazil in 2010, but cannot be used to make comparisons across countries or time. Categorical versions of the measure are also provided, placing census sectors into groups of similar levels of deprivation. Deprivation measures, such as the one developed here, have been developed for many countries and are popular tools in public health research for describing the social patterning of health outcomes and supporting the targeting and delivery of services to areas of higher need. The deprivation measure is exponentially distributed, with a large proportion of areas having a low deprivation score and a smaller number of areas experiencing very high deprivation. There is significant regional variation in deprivation; areas in the North and Northeast of Brazil have on average much higher deprivation compared to the South and Southeast. Deprivation levels in the Central-West region fall between those for the North and South. Differences are also great between urban and rural areas, with the former having lower levels of deprivation compared to the latter. The measure was validated by comparing it to other similar indices measuring health and social vulnerability at the census sector level in states and municipalities where it was possible, and at the municipal level for across the whole of Brazil. At the municipal level the deprivation measure was also compared to health outcomes. The different validation exercises showed that the developed measure produced expected results and could be considered validated. As the measure is an estimate of the “true” deprivation in Brazil, uncertainty exists about the exact level of deprivation for all of the areas. For the majority of census sectors the uncertainty is small enough that we can reliably place the area into a deprivation category. However, for some areas uncertainty is very high and the provided estimate is unreliable. These considerations should always be kept in mind when using the BrazDep measure in research or policy. The measure should be used as part of a toolkit, rather than a single basis for decision-making. The data together with documentation is available from the University of Glasgow http: //dx.doi.org/10.5525/gla.researchdata.980. The data and this report are distributed under Creative Commons Share-Alike license (CC BY-SA 4.0) and can be freely used by researchers, policy makers or members of public.

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Dutra, Lauren M., Matthew C. Farrelly, Brian Bradfield, Jamie Ridenhour, and Jamie Guillory. Modeling the Probability of Fraud in Social Media in a National Cannabis Survey. RTI Press, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.mr.0046.2109.

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Cannabis legalization has spread rapidly in the United States. Although national surveys provide robust information on the prevalence of cannabis use, cannabis disorders, and related outcomes, information on knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs (KABs) about cannabis is lacking. To inform the relationship between cannabis legalization and cannabis-related KABs, RTI International launched the National Cannabis Climate Survey (NCCS) in 2016. The survey sampled US residents 18 years or older via mail (n = 2,102), mail-to-web (n = 1,046), and two social media data collections (n = 11,957). This report outlines two techniques that we used to problem-solve several challenges with the resulting data: (1) developing a model for detecting fraudulent cases in social media completes after standard fraud detection measures were insufficient and (2) designing a weighting scheme to pool multiple probability and nonprobability samples. We also describe our approach for validating the pooled dataset. The fraud prevention and detection processes, predictive model of fraud, and the methods used to weight the probability and nonprobability samples can be applied to current and future complex data collections and analysis of existing datasets.

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