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Статті в журналах з теми "Ostrih"
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Humar, Miha, Boštjan Lesar, Davor Kržišnik, and Angela Balzano. "Analiza razkrojenosti smrekovega lesa zaščitenega z biocidnim proizvodom CCB po 14 letih izpostavitve na prostem." Les/Wood 70, no. 1 (May 11, 2021): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26614/les-wood.2021.v70n01a01.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les na prostem je izpostavljen delovanju abiotskih in biotskih dejavnikov. Če hočemo njihovo delovanje upočasniti, moramo les zaščititi. V preteklosti je bil biocidni proizvod na osnovi bakrovih, kromovih in borovih spojin (CCB) ena najpomembnejših rešitev za zaščito lesa v ostrih pogojih izpostavitve. Kljub temu, da se CCB v EU praktično ne uporablja več, lahko služi kot referenca za vrednotenje novih biocidnih proizvodov. Na terenskem polju Oddelka za lesarstvo Biotehniške fakultete že 14 let poteka poskus v realnih pogojih, kjer so impregnirani vzorci izpostavljeni vremenskim vplivom v skladu z dvoslojnim testom. Pri zaščitenem lesu pogosto opažamo, da les propade hitreje kot je pričakovano. V okviru tega prispevka želimo na podlagi analize razkrojenega s CCB impregniranega lesa s terenskega polja Oddelka za lesarstvo ugotoviti, zakaj je prišlo do prezgodnjega razkroja. Rezultati kažejo, da ustrezno življenjsko dobo zagotavljata ustrezna retencija in penetracija aktivnih učinkovin v les.
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Basulto, Sergio, Julio Orrego, and Iván Solis. "EXPERIENCIA SOBRE CRECIMIENTO DE OSTRAS EN PULLINQUE." Biologia Pesquera, no. 2 (November 16, 2023): 96–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.21703/0067-8767.1967.2.2362.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
En Mayo de 1966 se inició una experiencia tendiente a observar el crecímiento de ostras suspendidas, en el Banco Pullinque (Golfete de Quetalmahue, Ancud). Su finalidad fue obtener información acerca del crecimiento de las ostras(Ostrea chilensis Philippi) en esta situación experimental y establecer un paralelo con las ostras depositadas en el fondo. Este ensayo permite fijar la posibilidad y conveniencia económica de iniciar cultivos comerciales de ostras suspendidas desde balsas, líneas flotantes u otros sistemas que permitiesen el crecimiento de las ostras a media agua.
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Sagan, Oleksandr N. "The upbringing of the younger generation on the principles of Christian morality in the process of the revival of Ukraine." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 3 (November 5, 1996): 40–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/1996.3.59.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Under this name, on May 17-19, 1996, the II International Scientific and Practical Conference took place in the Ostroh Academy (Ostray) and in Netishin. Its purpose was to analyze and generalize domestic and foreign experience on the issues of upbringing the younger generation on the principles of Christian morality, to consolidate the efforts of the church, family and school in educating the younger generation in the spirit of Christian morality.
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Solis, Ivan. "OBSERVACIONES BIOLOGICAS EN OSTRAS (Ostrea chilensis Philippi) de PULLINQUE." Biologia Pesquera, no. 2 (November 16, 2023): 53–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21703/0067-8767.1967.2.2361.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
El Departamento de Pesca y Caza del Ministerio de Agricultura por intermedio de la Sección Estudios Biológicos, está empeñado en realizar investigaciones tendientes a un mejor conocimiento de la fauna chilena de importancia económica, conel objeto de controlar su explotación y evitar la extinción de las especies autóctonas. Este trabajo pretende reunir la información existente sobre biología de la ostra chilena (Ostrea chilensis Philippi) y adquirir los conocimientos básicos para intensificar y mejorar su cultivo, conservación y explotación.
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Bernal-Casasola, Darío, Javier Andreu Pintado, and Juan Jesús Cantillo Duarte. "Banquetes con ostras y emulación de hábitos itálicos en Hispania: el depósito arqueomalacológico de Los Bañales de Uncastillo (Zaragoza) en territorio vascón." SPAL. Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueología de la Universidad de Sevilla 2, no. 32 (2023): 229–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/spal.2023.i32.18.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Las ostras constituyen un aspecto muy poco estudiado de la economía hispanorromana. Se presenta el estudio arqueomalacológico de un depósito inédito de ostras planas (Ostrea edulis) localizado en Los Bañales (Uncastillo, Zaragoza), fechado en los últimos momentos de vida de la ciudad romana (época tardoantoniniana-primo severiana). El depósito se ha interpretado como los restos de un banquete privado asociado a una domus por su abundancia (71 NMI) y por su relación con restos de vajilla cerámica, formando parte de un vertedero sobre el acerado (crepido) de uno de los cardines, ya sin mantenimiento en estas fechas. Se reflexiona sobre la importancia de estos hallazgos como símbolo de distinción social y de aemulatio itálica, se discute sobre su procedencia mediterránea o cantábrica, y se realiza una comparativa biométrica con otros hallazgos similares hispanorromanos, especialmente del área del Fretum Gaditanum, de donde procede el único paralelo de convivium similar conocido hasta la fecha (Baelo Claudia). Este trabajo reivindica, asimismo, la necesidad e importancia de los estudios arqueomalacológicos en Hispania para el desarrollo de múltiples aspectos socio-económicos de las sociedades antiguas, actualmente infravalorados
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Disalvo, Louis H., and Edwin Martínez. "Cultivo de Ostrea chilensis PHILIPPI 1845 en una bahía de la costa Norte-Centro de Chile." Biologia Pesquera, no. 14 (January 2, 2024): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21703/0067-8767.1985.14.2488.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Semillas de Ostrea chilensis producidas en incubadora fueron cultivadas en la Bahía Herradura (30°S), Chile, empleando tecnología japonesa de crecimiento en el ambiente. Las ostras crecieron a una tasa aproximada de 0,17 mm por día y un grupo alcanzó la talla comercial de aproximadamente 50 mm dentro de un año después de la fijación. En los 6 meses subsecuentes, ocurre un engrosamiento de las conchas con pequeños aumentos en largo de la concha. La supervivencia de los cultivos excedió el 60% en un período de 18 meses. El cultivo fue afectado negativamente por desechos de industrias pesqueras, y perforación de conchas por Polydora sp. (Polychaeta: Spionidae).
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Zhang, Rui, Hai Bao Liu, Si Hua Zhang, Gui Yin Zeng, and Jian Qiao Li. "Finite Element Analysis in the Characteristics of Ostrich Foot Toenail Traveling on Sand." Applied Mechanics and Materials 461 (November 2013): 213–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.461.213.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The ostrich foot toenail plays a crucial role in the process of ostrich foot traveling on sand. 3D laser scanner was used to measure the three-dimensional point clouds of ostrich foot toenail surface morphology, and the three-dimensional model of ostrich foot toenail was reconstructed by using reverse engineering technology. The finite element analysis in the interactions between ostrich foot toenail and sand was implemented by Abaqus and Hypermesh. The quasi-static analytical results of ostrich foot toenail inserting the sands showed that the groove structure of the toenail had a better sand fixation effects, the tiptoe structure was conducive to insert into the sands, and the inverted triangular structure of the toenail had the weak disturbance on the sands which produced the less resistance of the toenail inserting the sands. According to the velocity and the stress fields in the process of the ostrich foot toenail dynamically traveling on sand, ostrich foot toenail tiptoe could help to improve the thrust of traveling on sand, the groove area of the toenail played the effects of sand fixation and flow limitation in the process of ostrich foot toenail traveling on sand. Keywords: ostrich foot toenail, reverse engineering, model reconstruction, finite element simulation, sand fixation and flow limitation.
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Zabaleta, Itsaso, Dennis Bilbao, Ekhine Bizkarguenaga, Ailette Prieto, and Olatz Zuloaga. "Fluordun konposatuak gure kostaldeko bizidunetan." EKAIA Euskal Herriko Unibertsitateko Zientzia eta Teknologia Aldizkaria, no. 32 (November 7, 2017): 51–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ekaia.17830.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Egun, konposatu per- eta polifluoratuek (PFAS-ek) gure eguneroko bizitzan dituzten erabilera anitzak direla eta, ingurunean gero eta nabariagoa da euren presentzia. Ur-ekosistemen egoera aztertzea helburu, organismo itsastarrak kutsaduraren adierazle ezin hobeak dira. Ildo horretan, lan honetan Frantziako, Euskal Herriko, Espainiako eta Portugaleko kostaldeetako lazunen (Chelon labrosus-en) gibelak eta ostrak (Ostrea edulis) aztertu dira. Gibelen kasuan, azido perfluorooktanosulfonikoa (PFOS), azido perfluorodekanoikoa (PFDA) eta perfluorooktanosulfonamida (PFOSA) izan dira laginak biltzeko puntu guztietan detektatutako PFAS-ak. Aipatzekoa da Urdaibaiko Erreserba Naturalean kokatuta dagoen Gernikako itsasadarrean aurkitutako PFOS-aren kontzentrazioak (443-1214 ng/g), araztegiaren edota industriaren eragina nabarmenduz. Ostren kasuan, PFOS eta PFOSA izan dira detektatutako kutsatzaileak, betiere gibelean lortutako kontzentrazioak baino baxuagoak.
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Bondar, Natalia. "The editions and copies of the Ostroh Bible of 1581 (on the 440th anniversary of the book’s publication)." Острозька давнина 1, no. 7 (November 30, 2020): 127–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.25264/2707-1650-2020-7-127-152.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article explores editions and copies of the Ostroh Bible of 1581, which belongs to the treasures of the world printing heritage and the main sacred books of the Orthodox and Christian world in general. The Ostroh Bible is also considered to be the most researched monument of Ukrainian printed book culture. The author summarizes information about the sources of the Ostroh Bible and identifies copies that belonged to the nobles who lived near Ostroh for some time and were probably involved in the work of the Ostroh intellectual group (Severyn Malyushytsky, Vasyl Zenkovych Tykhynsky and Valentyn Nehalevsky). The Bibles from their collections have old coverings, notes as to whom the book belonged, the readers’ comments, which is an interesting source for the history of reading and reflection upon the Holy Scripture throughout the centuries. The article summarizes information about the preserved copies of the Ostroh Bible and their presentation in Ukrainian collections. More detailed information about the copy of the publication from the collection of the National University "Ostroh Academy" (records, stamps, features of cover, paper filigrees, etc.) is provided.
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Brassó, Dóra Lili, Béla Béri, and István Komlósi. "Studies on Ostrich (Struthio Camelus) - Review." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 1 (May 20, 2020): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/1/3772.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Ostrich has been reared in Hungary for decades, but we have limited information on this species. The aim of this review was to provide a concise description of the ostrich (Struthio camelus) based on international studies. We were to investigate some of the most relevant parameters, such as egg, meat and skin production. In this critical review we managed to sum up the most significant features and productivity parameters of ostrich and effecting factors. So as to make an accurate description of the species we have to know its morphological, behavioural and physiological characteristics. Ostrich is a very special bird with special nutritional and environmental requirements. Ostrich products, regarding egg, meat and skin are considered luxury products not only in Hungary but also abroad. Though egg has a significant nutritional value, it is mainly used for hatching chicks. In Europe we can expect roughly 40–50 eggs from a hen yearly. Ostrich has a lean meat with high protein and low fat and sodium content, moreover it is rich in minerals and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Having these advantageous qualities, ostrich meat should be part of our healthy diet. Skin production is not important in our country, but there is a special demand for high quality ostrich leather globally. In the future our aim is to conduct a research on some of the parameters. As low production rate and embryo mortality is a great deal of problem in ostrich industry, we need to investigate the incubation environment. There is an apparent disagreement among researchers on optimal slaughter age. This is also an area for further investigation. The value of skin and effecting factors on our climate as well as adaptability of the species are also worth for further investigation together with the nutrition what differs from other ostrich breeding countries. Nowadays, there is a great emphasis placed on animal welfare too.
Дисертації з теми "Ostrih"
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Ešpandrová, Bára. "Uhersky Ostroh průtah." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-392211.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of my diploma thesis is to design a local through road in town Uherský Ostroh. The thesis focuses also on a new design of the width layout of the road, consecutive of walkways, creation of a common track for pedestrians and cyclist, design of parking place intended for visitors of the local hockey arena, entrances to particular houses and urban vegetation.
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De, Togni Stefano. "Les suburbia d'Ostie antique. Nouvelles recherches sur l'évolution urbain de la ville de la fin de la période Républicaine jusqu’à l'Antiquité tardive." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCH012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Au sein de cette thèse de doctorat, l’auteur a cherché à appréhender les suburbia d'Ostie (Rome, Latium Italie) au travers d’analyses menées sur différentes échelles, depuis l’étude globale des quartiers de Porta Marina et du Trastevere Ostiense jusqu’à des fouilles stratigraphiques. Les structures qui forment ces deux quartiers ont d’abord été analysés et classés comme « unités topographiques », puis incluses dans un SIG. Les données relatives à chaque structure ont été récoltées aussi bien durant les investigations menées au sein des archives du Parco Archeologico di Ostia Antica qu’au cours de prospections sur le terrain, de l’analyse de photographies aériennes, de relevés, d’observations in situ et des fouilles.Au cours de cette enquête, plusieurs objets mis au jour lors d’anciennes fouilles ont été pris en compte et insérés dans des fiches de catalogues créées ad hoc, intégrées au SIG. Ainsi, le recensement des structures archéologiques du Trastevere Ostiense ont permis de mettre en évidence un territoire densément construit, au moins depuis le Ier siècle ap. J.-C. et ce, jusqu’au Ve siècle ap. J.-C. L'étude globale de l'évolution urbaine du quartier de Porta Marina a permis d'identifier pas moins de 13 phases principales, qui s’étendent du Ier siècle av. J.-C. jusqu'au VIe siècle, en plus de deux phases de spoliations et d’une phase d'érosion marine datée du Moyen Age. Parmi les principales découvertes, il faut d’abord signaler la découverte d'une importante activité de construction entre l'époque Julio-Claudienne et l'époque Flavienne. Cette phase, qui était restée presque inconnue jusqu’à présent, est en partie liée à l’édification de bâtiments funéraires. Si l’on se fie à ces nouveaux éléments, il est très probable qu’une nécropole ait vu le jour à cette époque, au-delà de la Porta Marina. Cette nécropole fut ensuite complètement démantelée lors du développement du quartier maritime voulu par l'empereur Hadrien en personne.L'approche analytique menée à l’échelle d’un quartier, couplée aux bornes chronologiques apportées par les fouilles conduites dans le cadre du projet Ostia Marina, a permis de donner une vision totalement renouvelée du front de mer de la ville. Les recherches menées sur les bâtiments construits contre et par-dessus l’enceinte tardo-républicaine ont permis de mettre en évidence l’abandon rapide de sa fonction défensive, quoique cette structure ait été respectée jusqu'au début du IIe siècle ap. J.-C. Par la suite, le bras oriental a fonctionné comme un aqueduc, tandis que le bras occidental fut rasé pour construire de nouveaux édifices. A la place de la Porta Marina, un arc fut élevé à la place de l’ancienne porte afin de délimiter la ville intra-muros et la ville extra-muros. Le plan d'un grand bâtiment a pu être complétée à partir de photos aériennes. Celui-ci est situé dans la partie orientale du suburbium situé au-delà de Porta Marina, qui n’a pas encore été fouillée.Les phases relatives à l’Antiquité tardive témoignent de la vitalité de ce quartier tout au long du IVe siècle ap. J.-C. et ce, jusqu'au début du Ve siècle. En revanche, des signes importants d'abandon apparaissent au cours de la première moitié du Ve siècle. Cette phase d’abandon trouve probablement son origine dans le tremblement de terre daté au 443 ap. J.-C.Un autre acquis majeur de cette étude a trait aux relations entre ville et mer, ainsi qu’aux changements du littoral au cours des siècles. L'étude des traces d'érosion sur les bâtiments qui se trouvaient près de l'ancienne plage ont permis de confirmer l'hypothèse d'une érosion marine postérieure à la fin de l’Antiquité, datable au XIe siècle, qui a détruit certains bâtiments, conditionnant ainsi notre vision de la ville antique sur le front de merIn this thesis the study of the suburbs of Ostia (Rome, Italy) took place at different levels of study, from the macro scale of the entire neighborhoods to the micro scale of the single stratigraphic trench. The archaeological evidence of the porta Marina area and of the “Trastevere Ostiense” have been analyzed and filed as Topographical Units and recorded in a GIS. For each structure data were collected either through the consultation of archives, through field surveys, aerial photography, direct examinations and excavation essays. 148 artifacts from the old excavations were recorded and inserted in a data base created ad hoc. Where possible, spatial data was associated with the objects, with the positioning in the place of discovery within the GIS. The survey of the archaeological evidences of the “Trastevere Ostiense” allowed to recognize a densely built territory, with a chronology that goes from first to at least the fifth century AD. Among the types of buildings identified, the “horreum” seems to be the prevailing. The precise positioning of some excavation trenches of 1957 at the loop of the Tiber has allowed to identify a flood zone of second-third century AD reclaimed and built. At the same time, on the other side, the Via Ostiense was rebuilt further south due to erosion.The overall study of the urbanistic evolution of the suburban area of porta Marina has allowed to identify 13 main phases of life, from the first century BC until the 6th century AD, in addition to two phases of spoliation and a phase of sea erosion of the Middle Age. Among the main novelties there is the discovery of a notable construction activity dating back to the Julio-Claudian age to the Flavia age, previously almost unknown, which can be partially connected to funerary buildings. It is very probable, in the light of the new data, that there was a necropolis outside porta Marina, which was completely dismantled during the Hadrianic urban renovation and the thermal development of the maritime district. The large-scale analytical approach, also thanks to the chronological extremes derived from the excavations carried out with the Ostia Marina Project, has led to a completely renewed vision of the city's maritime sector. The presumed preservation of late Republican funerary monuments in the imperial era turned out to be a not entirely exact theory, the result of the distorted vision created with the E-42 restorations and demolitions. The stratigraphic analysis shows a partial obliteration of the funerary monuments already occurred by the end of the first century. A.D. due to the raising of the walking surfaces. The research on buildings built close to and above the Late-Republic walls made it possible to highlight that they quickly lost the defensive functions, but continued to be respected until the beginning of the second century AD. Subsequently, the eastern part functioned as an aqueduct, while the western part was demolished to build new buildings. An arch was built in place of the porta Marina door, to set the limit between town and suburb. Starting from some aerial photos, the plan of a large building, located in the eastern unexcavated portion of the porta Marina suburban area, was completed. The particular form of the complex allows to hypothesize a link to the “foro ad mare” built by Aureliano, mentioned in the Historia Augusta. The study of the late-antique phases revealed a remarkable vitality of the district throughout the IV until the beginning of the fifth century AD, while during the first half of the 5th century AD strong signs of abandonment appear. The probable effects of the earthquake of 443 AD were found, starting from the traces of collapse found in at least four buildings. Another important acquisition concerns the relationship between the city and the sea and changes in the coastline over the centuries
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Van, Schalkwyk Salmon Jacobus. "Factors affecting ostrich leather traits." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19547.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Although small, the South African ostrich industry contributes 60% to the total world production of slaughter ostriches. Ostrich leather contributes more than 50% of the R2.1 billion turnover of this industry. This study is the first structured investigation into the characteristics of ostrich leather focussing on factors such as age, nutrition, slaughter weight, and genetics, and the influence thereof on intrinsic leather traits. Large variation in terms of skin quality was found between producers, month of the year and production years. The effect of age suggested that leather thickness and tensile strength increased with age while the number of nodules declined by 2.8 for every month increase in slaughter age. Slit tear strength and tensile strength increased with heavier slaughter weights. Older ostriches had higher values for slit tear strength and skin thickness. Nodule diameter increased at a rate of 0.08mm per month increase in age. Nodules with an average diameter of more than 4.0mm were only obtained in the combination of old heavy birds, while nodule diameter of the other age-weight combinations ranged between 3.3mm and 3.5mm. Subjective assessment of nodule traits by participants with or without prior knowledge of age suggested that slaughter age accounted for 46% of the variation in estimated slaughter age. Nodule acceptability scores generally increased with an increase in slaughter age. Moderately acceptable scores were found in skins from birds 11 months and older. The effect of energy and protein concentrations of ostrich diets suggested that raw skin areas were 19.4% and 21.8% larger at slaughter for birds receiving a diet containing 10.5 MJ/ME and 12.0 MJ ME/kg DM respectively, compared to that of birds receiving a 9.0 MJ ME/kg DM diet. Leather thickness taken parallel to the spine was increased by 13% when birds were fed the higher energy diet. Dietary protein concentrations failed to influence skin weight, skin area or any physical leather properties. The genetic variation in nodule size measured at different sampling sites on the skin suggested that nodule size increased chronologically with age at the neck, back, upper leg, and flank and butt areas. Estimates of h² for nodule size ranged from 0.09 ± 0.07 on the flank region to 0.24 ± 0.10 on the upper leg region. Preliminary results seem to suggest that nodule size on different locations of the skin is not necessarily the same genetic trait. It was concluded that measurements at any specific site is unlikely to predict measurements at other sites with a high degree of accuracy due to the large variation that exists between measurement sites. This dissertation provides an insight into the complexity of ostrich leather quality, and the interaction of leather traits, such as nodule size and shape, leather thickness and tensile strength, that determine ostrich leather quality.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Alhoewel klein, produseer die Suid-Afrikaanse volstruisbedryf 60% van die totale wêreldproduksie van slagvolstruise. Volstruisleer is verantwoordelik vir meer as 50% van die R 2.1 biljoen omset van die bedryf. Hierdie studie is die eerste gestruktureerde ondersoek na die intrinsieke eienskappe van volstruisleer en die invloed van ouderdom, voeding, slagmassa en genetika op hierdie eienskappe. Groot variasie t.o.v. leerkwaliteit is waargeneem tussen produsente, maande van die jaar en produksiejare. Die effek van ouderdom toon dat leerdikte en treksterkte verhoog het met toename in ouderdom, terwyl die aantal knoppies afneem met 2.8 vir elke maand toename in slagouderdom. Skeur- en treksterkte het verhoog met ʼn swaarder slagmassa (64kg vs. 99kg). Hoër waardes vir skeursterkte en veldikte is vir ouer voëls (384 dae vs. 234 dae ouderdom) verkry. Knoppie deursnit het teen ʼn tempo van 0.08mm per maand toename in ouderdom verhoog. Knoppies met ʼn gemiddelde deursit van groter as 4.0mm is slegs waargeneem in swaar-ou voëls, terwyl die knoppie deursnit van die ander massa-ouderdom kombinasies tussen 3.3mm en 3.5mm gewissel het. Die subjektiewe waarneming van 28 respondente, ingelig of oningelig oor die betrokke slagouderdom, dui daarop dat die werklike slagouderdom verantwoordelik is vir 46% van die variasie in geskatte slagouderdom. Die puntetoekenning vir knoppie-aanvaarbaarheid het verhoog met ‘n toename in slagouderdom. Aanvaarbare puntetoekenning vir knoppie-ontwikkeling is verkry vir voëls vanaf 11 maande en ouer. Die effek van energie- en proteïenkonsentrasies in volstruisdiëte toon dat die rouveloppervlakte onderskeidelik 19.4% en 21.8 % groter was met slagting vir voëls wat onderskeidelik ‘n 10.5 MJ/ME en 12.0 MJ ME/kg DM diëte gevoer is, in vergelyking met voëls wat ‘n 9.0 MJ ME/kg DM dieet ontvang het. Leerdikte, geneem parallel met die ruggraat, het met 13% toegeneem wanneer die hoër energie dieet gevoer is. Dieetproteïen konsentrasies het geen invloed op velmassa, veloppervlakte of enige fisiese leerkwaliteitseienskappe gehad nie. Die genetiese variasie in knoppiegrootte geneem op verskillende lokaliteite op die vel toon ʼn chronologiese toename met ouderdom in die nek-, rug-, boud-, sy- en stuitjie gebiede. Beraamde h² vir knoppiegrootte wissel vanaf 0.09±0.07 op die sye tot 0.24±0.10 op die boudgedeelte. Voorlopige resultate dui aan dat knoppiegrootte op verskillende lokaliteite nie noodwendig dieselfde genetiese basis het nie. Die gebruik van een lokaliteit vir die voorspelling van die eienskappe van ʼn ander, blyk nie sinvol te wees nie a.g.v. die groot variasie wat tussen verskillende lokaliteite bestaan. Hierdie studie verskaf insig oor die kompleksiteit van volstruisleerkwaliteit en die interaksie van leereienskappe soos knoppiegrootte en –deursnit, veldikte en treksterkte, in die bepaling van leerkwaliteit.
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Cloete, Anya. "Microbial quality and safety of ostrich meat." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_3372_1319792808.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this study was to determine the quality of slaughtered ostrich meat and to evaluate the ostrich slaughter process, to determine whether ostrich meat are contaminated by the in-house slaughtering practices and if prevalence of microorganisms increase with the succession of the slaughter process. Furthermore, the presence of specific foodborne pathogens and spoilage organisms was explored by means of molecular and conventional methods to determine whether ostrich meat is a source of these microorganisms. Data obtained from this study provides some baseline information that could be used in future studies on system contamination and the extent of downstream processing steps in the production of ostrich meat. Antimicrobial resistance has become a growing area of concern in both human and veterinary medicine, it is therefore necessary that another aim of this study was to determine the antibiotic resistant pattern of Staphylococcus aureus in ostrich meat in order to establish whether Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from ostrich meat samples show resistance to antibiotics
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Heinzelmann, Michael Martin Archer Coletti Caterina. "Die Nekropolen von Ostia : Untersuchungen zu den Gräberstraßen vor der Porta Romana und an der Via Laurentina /." München : F. Pfeil, 2000. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb38899561g.
Повний текст джерела
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Brand, Zanell. "Studies on embryonic development and hatchability of ostrich eggs." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20314.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (PhD(Agric))--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The ostrich industry experiences high rates of embryonic mortalities during artificial incubation of eggs. Studies have been carried out to investigate factors influencing hatchability, as well as determining genotypic effects for commercial production. Eggs from the combination of South African Black (SAB) male ostriches crossed with Zimbabwean Blue (ZB) female ostriches had embryonic losses of 45.7%. The embryonic mortality of eggs produced by pure bred SAB or ZB breeding birds subjected to pure breeding was similar at around 33 - 34%, but embryonic mortality was improved in eggs produced by ZB males and SAB female crosses (27%). Female age had a significant effect on the proportion of chicks pipped, as well as on early and late the embryonic mortalities. Chicks from eggs stored for intermediate periods, i.e. 3, 4 and 6 days prior to being set, were more likely to pip than chicks from those eggs set directly after collection without storage. Embryonic mortality was increased in eggs that were set directly (32.0%) or subjected to longer than 6 days of storage (43.5%). Chicks that pipped in the correct position had a higher probability of successfully hatching than those pipping in the incorrect position. Transfer of eggs between setters (i.e. disturbance of eggs) during incubation reduced the number of ostrich chicks pipping in the correct position. Incubated ostrich eggs with intermediate levels of water loss, i.e. between 9.0 and 19% of fresh egg weight, were more likely to pip in the correct position than those with higher or lower levels of water loss. Such eggs were also less likely to sustain early, late or overall embryonic mortalities. To optimise hatching success it is important to understand embryonic development. After 2 days of incubation the blastoderm area in eggs from the SAB x ZB crosses (104.5 mm) was lower (P < 0.05) compared to the pure SAB (141.0 mm), pure ZB (161.7 mm) and ZB x SAB crosses (166.1 mm). For embryos incubated for 7 to 42 days, both embryonic and leg growth during the 42 days of incubation was similar and approximately linear, more or less doubling in size up to 35 days of incubation. The embryo eye size increased more rapidly than beak length and reached full size of approximately 16.2 mm by 28 days of incubation, whereas the beak length continued to increase until the chick hatched at 42 days. Incubation position, vertical or horizontal, did not affect any of the measurements of the developing embryo throughout the 42-day incubation period. Air cell volume at 29 day of incubation for infertile eggs (19.3%) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher when compared to dead-in-shell eggs (14.3%) and eggs that hatched successfully (13.8%). Air cell volume was largely independent of strain (SAB or ZB) and whether chicks were assisted to hatch or not. After 41 days of incubation there was a significantly greater (P < 0.05) air cell volume in eggs that hatched normally compared to dead-in-shell eggs (28.3% vs. 21.7%, respectively, suggesting that insufficient water loss contributed to reduced survival. This study provides an insight into the complexity of embryo development and all the factors playing a role in successful hatching of ostrich eggs. Data from a pair-mated ostrich flock were used to estimate genetic parameters for egg weight (EWT), weight of day-old chicks (CWT), water loss to 21 (WL21) and 35 (WL35) days of incubation, and pipping time (PT). Single-trait estimates of heritability (h2) were high and significant (P < 0.05) at 0.46 for EWT, 0.34 for CWT, 0.34 for WL21, 0.27 for WL35 and 0.16 for pipping time. Genetic correlations with EWT amounted to -0.21 for WL21 and to -0.12 for WL35. Corresponding correlations of CWT with WL were highly significant (P < 0.05) at -0.43 and -0.54. Physical characteristics of the eggshell were found to affect water loss and hatchability. Estimates of genetic parameters of 14 146 ostrich eggs for eggshell traits showed that heritability was 0.42 for pore count (PC), 0.33 for shell thickness (ST) and 0.22 for permeability (PERM). PC was negatively correlated with average pore diameter (-0.58) and ST (-0.23), while PC was positively correlated with total pore area (0.58), WL21 (0.24) and WL35 (0.34). The correlations of PC with total pore area and PERM were high and significant. ST was negatively correlated to WL21 and WL35. Additive genetic parameters strongly indicate that it should be possible to alter evaporative water loss and eggshell quality of ostrich eggs through genetic selection. When assessed as a trait of the individual egg or chick, embryonic mortalities exhibited moderate levels of genetic variation both on the normal scale (h2 = 0.16 - 0.22) and the underlying liability scale (h2 = 0.21 - 0.31). Early embryonic survival and late embryonic survival was governed mostly by the same genes (rg = 0.78). Late embryonic survival was genetically correlated to WL35, at -0.22. It was concluded that embryonic survival could be improved by using husbandry measures, a knowledge of the stage when incubation mortalities occur, and by genetic selection, using an integrated approach. Findings from this study will help to understand the mechanisms involved in hatching from artificial incubation better to improve hatchability and also implement selective breeding programs.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die volstruisbedryf ondervind tans ‘n baie hoë voorkoms van embrionale mortaliteite tydens die kunsmatige uitbroei van eiers. Studies is uitgevoer om die faktore wat uitbroeibaarheid beinvloed te ondersoek en om genotipiese effekte te bepaal vir kommersiële produsente. Eiers van die kombinasie van Suid-Afrikaanse swart (SAB) mannetjie volstruise, met Zimbabwean blou (ZB) wyfies, het embrionale mortaliteite van 45.7% gehad. Embrionale mortaliteite van eiers gelê deur suiwer SAB of ZB volstruise was dieselfde op omtrent 33 - 34%, maar embrionale mortaliteite was laer vir eiers geproduseer deur SAB wyfies wat gekruis was met ZB mannetjies (27%). Wyfie ouderdom het ‘n betekenisvolle effek gehad op die proporsie van kuikens wat gepik het, asook die aantal vroeë- en laat embrionale mortaliteite. Kuikens vanuit eiers wat vir die periode 3, 4 dae en 6 dae voor pak in die broeikaste gestoor is, was meer geneig om te pik as kuikens vanaf eiers wat direk na kolleksie gepak is. Embrionale mortalitiete het verhoog vir eiers wat direk na kolleksie gepak was (32.0%) of vir eiers wat langer as 6 dae gestoor was (43.5%). Kuikens wat in die korrekte posisie pik het ‘n hoër kans op uitbroei gehad as kuikens wat in die verkeerde posisie gepik het. Die skuif van eiers tussen verskillende broeikaste (of enige steurnisse) gedurende die broeiproses het ‘n verlaging in die aantal kuikens wat in die korrekte posisie pik, gehad. Volstruiseiers met ‘n gemiddelde vogverlies van tussen 9.0 en 19% van die vars eier massa, was meer geneig om in die korrekte posisie te pik as eiers met laer of hoër vlakke van vogverlies. Sulke eiers was ook minder geneig tot vroeë, laat en totale embrionale mortaliteite. Vir optimale uitbroeisukses is dit belangrik om die ontwikkeling van die embrio te verstaan. Na 2 dae van broei was die blastoderm area in eiers van SAB x ZB kruisings (104.5 mm) kleiner (P < 0.05) as die blastoderm area van suiwer SAB (141.0 mm), suiwer ZB (161.7 mm) en ZB x SAB kruise (166.1 mm). Beide embrionale- en beengroei tydens die 42 dae broeiproses was dieselfde en nagenoeg lineêr, met ‘n verdubbeling in grootte tot en met 35 dae broei. Die embrio se oog vergroot vinniger as wat die snawel verleng en bereik reeds volle grootte van ongeveer 16.2 mm op 28 dae van broei, terwyl die snawel aanhou groei tot uitbroei van die kuiken op 42 dae. Nie die vertikale of horisontale broeiposisie het enige invloed op die metings van die ontwikkelende embrio tot op 42 dae gehad nie. Lugsakvolume vir geil eiers (19.3%) op 29 dae van broei was groter (P < 0.05) as beide die lugsakke van eiers wat dood-in-dop (14.3%) en eiers wat suksesvol uitgebroei het (13.8%). Die lugsakvolume was onafhanklik van beide genotype en of die kuiken met of sonder hulp uitgebroei het. Na 41 dae broei was lugsakvolume groter (P < 0.05) vir eiers wat uitgebroei het teenoor eiers wat dood-in-dop was (28.3% vs. 21.7%, onderskeidelik), wat impliseer dat onvoldoende vogverlies moontlik kan bydrae tot ‘n verlaging in embrionale oorlewing. Hierdie studie gee ‘n insig in die kompleksiteit van embrionale ontwikkeling en al die faktore wat ‘n rol speel in die suksesvolle uitbroei van volstruiseiers. Tydens die bepaling van genetiese parameters vir spesifieke uitbroei-eienskappe in volstruise, is data gebruik afkomend van ‘n teelkudde in ‘n enkelparing stelsel om genetiese waardes vir eiermassa (EWT), dagoud kuikenmassa (CWT), vogverlies tot 21 dae broei (WL21), vogverlies tot 35 dae broei (WL35) en piktyd (PT) gebruik. Enkeleienskap-beraming vir oorerflikheid (h2) was hoog en betekenisvol teen 0.46 vir EWT, 0.34 vir CWT, 0.34 vir WL21, 0.27 vir WL35 en 0.16 vir piktyd. Genetiese korrelasies met EWT was -0.21 vir WL21 en -0.12 vir WL35. Ooreenkomstig was korrelasies van CWT met WL21 en WL35 hoog (P < 0.05) met -0.43 en -0.54 onderskeidelik. Fisiese eienskappe van die eiers het beide vogverlies en uitbroeibaarheid beinvloed. Beramings van genetiese parameters vir 14 146 volstruiseiers se dopeienskappe het gewys dat oorerflikehid 0.42 was vir die aantal porieë (PC), 0.33 vir dopdikte (ST) en 0.22 vir deurlaatbaarheid (PERM). PC was negatief gekorreleerd met gemiddelde porieë deursnee (-0.58) en ST (-0.23), terwyl PC positief gekorreleerd was met totale porieë area (0.58), WL21 (0.24) en WL35 (0.34). Die korrelasie van PC met totale porieë area en deurlaatbaarheid was hoog en betekenisvol. ST was negatief gekorreleerd met WL21 en WL35. Additiewe genetiese parameters het sterk daarop gedui dat dit moontlik sou wees om vogverlies en eierkwaliteit (bv. dopkwaliteit en poreusiteit) van volstruiseiers te verander deur genetiese seleksie. Indien embrionale mortaliteit geevalueer word as ‘n kenmerk van die eier of kuiken, toon dit matige vlakke van genetiese variasie op beide die normale (h2 = 0.16 - 0.22) en die onderliggende skale (h2 = 0.21 - 0.31). Beide vroeë- en laat embrionale oorlewing word deur dieselfde stel gene beheer (rg = 0.78). Laat embrionale oorlewing was geneties gekorreleerd met WL35 teen -0.22. Die gevolgtrekking was dat embrionale oorlewing verbeter kan word deur verbeterde broeikamerpraktyke, kennis van op watter stadium van ontwikkelings embrionale mortaliteite plaasvind en deur genetiese seleksie. Bevindinge vanuit hierdie studies sal help om die meganismes betrokke by die kunsmatige uitbroei van volstruiskuikens beter te verstaan om sodoende uitbroeibaarheid te verbeter en ook suksesvolle seleksie programme te implementeer.
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Mellett, F. D. "The ostrich as meat animal : anatomical and muscle characteristics." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2956.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MScAgric (Animal Sciences))--University of Stellenbosch, 1985.The domestication of ostriches and commercial ostrich breeding has a long and interesting history. Orstriches were successfully domesticated in Algeria during 1857 and also successfully bred in Italy during 1859. In South Africa the domestication of wild ostriches started in the Cape Colony with 80 tame birds during 1865. This number increased to 32 247 birds within ten years (De Mosenthal, 1877). Ostrich farming reached a peak during 1913 with 757 000 birds (De Jager, 1985, personal communication). Currently (1985) there are approximately 120 000 domesticated ostriches in South Africa. The commercial production of ostrich meat started in 1958 and the first abattoir was built in 1964. At the present moment 85 000 birds are slaughtered anually. Although the income from the carcass of a 14 month old ostrich comprise only 15% of the total income of a 14 month old bird (With the hide comprising 65% and, the first harvest feathers 20%), the subjects of carcass characteristics and meat quality has long been neglected. Very little is known about the anatomy of the skeleton and muscles of the ostrich, the post mortem reactions of these muscles and the effects of different slaughtering, chilling and deboning practices. The necessity of the above mentioned have proved very usefull in the beef, sheep, pork and poultry industries. With this present study we described the essential skeletal and muscular anatomy and included well known practices to the meat industry, such as electrical stimulation of the carcasses, post mortem pH monotoring of certain muscles, different deboning practices and vacuum packed ageing of selected cuts of ostrich meat. The obtained results are in agreement with general meat science, with expected inter-species variation, e.g. where the final pH-values of pork is relatively low at approximately 5,5; that of beef is higher at 5,7 and ostrich meat even higher at 6,0. Certain other fields of essential research are pointed out in this study, such as the growth and development of the ostrich, as well as certain basic biochemical research on the meat of the ostrich.
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Schutte, Sumari. "Development of value added ostrich (Struthio Camelus) meat products." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20860.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The objectives of this study were threefold: (i) to investigate the effect of the replacement of pork fat with olive oil on the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of ostrich polony; (ii) to investigate the effect of replacement of sodium tri-polyphosphate (STPP) with iota-carrageenan (CGN) on the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of restructured cooked ostrich ham; and (iii) to investigate the effect of salt (NaCl) reduction on the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of ostrich bacon. Five levels of olive oil were added to a polony formulation in 5% increments from 0 to 20%. Hardness, gumminess and shear force values decreased (P≤0.05) with increased levels of olive oil. The L* and b* values decreased (P≤0.05) with increased levels of olive oil producing lighter and more yellow products. Ostrich polony proved to have a favourable fatty acid profile in line with international recommended standards. A trained sensory panel found that the effect of increased levels of olive oil on had an effect (P≤0.05) on the sensory characteristics of colour; processed meat aroma and flavour; ostrich aroma; olive oil aroma; firmness and juiciness. A consumer panel found all the olive oil treatments to be acceptable. It can be concluded that olive oil can be used successfully for the production of low fat ostrich meat polony. In a restructured ostrich ham five decreasing levels of phosphate (0.7, 0.53, 0.35, 0.18 and 0%) were substituted with five increasing levels of carrageenan (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%). The cooked yield of the restructured ostrich ham decreased significantly (P≤0.05) with decreased levels of phosphate. No tendencies in instrumental colour measurements with relation to decreased levels of phosphate were revealed. Hardness, cohesiveness and gumminess increased with decreased levels of phosphate. Ostrich ham had a favourable fatty acid profile and the latter is in line with international recommended standards. The trained sensory panel found that decreased levels of phosphate had a significant effect on the ham sensory characteristics of meat aroma and flavour; ostrich meat aroma and flavour and mealiness, but no significant effect on the spicy aroma and flavour. Three ham treatments with different levels of phosphate (0.7, 0.35 and 0%) were presented to a consumer panel. The consumer panel found the ham treatments with levels of 0.7 and 0.35% most acceptable. Carrageenan can be used to substitute phosphate at a level of 0.35% phosphate and 0.2% carrageenan in ostrich ham. Ostrich bacon was produces with five targeted salt (NaCl) levels of 3.5, 2.75, 2.0, 1.25, and 0.5%. Decreased salt levels had no significant effect on the L*, a* and b* values of the five treatments. Ostrich bacon had a favourible fatty acid profile. A trained sensory panel found that the effect of increased levels of salt had a significant effect on bacon sensory characteristics of ostrich aroma and flavour smoky bacon aroma and flavour and saltiness. A consumer panel found all the bacon treatments acceptable, with 2.75 and 2.0% being most likable. It can be concluded that, from a technical point of view, the salt content in ostrich bacon can be reduced successfully to produce ostrich bacon with low salt levels, although consumer preference for salt remains high.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doelstellings van hierdie studie was drievoudig: (i) om die effek van die vervanging van varkvet met olyfolie op die fisiko-chemiese en sensoriese eienskappe van volstruispolonie te bestudeer; (ii) om die effek van die vervanging van natriumtripolifosfaat met iotakarrageenan op die fisikochemiese en sonsoriese eienskappe op die van hergestruktureerde volstruisham te bestudeer; en (iii) om die effek van sout (NaCl) vermindering op die fisiko-chemiese en sensoriese eienskappe van volstruisspek te bestudeer. Die polonie behandelings het uit vyf vlakke olyfolie bestaan wat by die polonie formulasie in 5% inkremente 0% tot 20% gevoeg is. Hardheid, taaiheid en skeurkrag het afgeneem (P≤0.05) met verhoogde vlakke van olyfolie. Die L*- en b*-waardes het afgeneem (P≤0.05) met verhoogde vlakke van olyfolie en uiteibdelik ‘n ligter en geler produk geproduseer. Die betrokke volstruispolonie behandelings het ‘n gunstige vetsuurprofiel wat in lyn is met internasionale aanbevole standaarde. ‘n Opgeleide sensoriese paneel het gevind dat die verhoogde vlakke van olyfolie ‘n betekenisvolle (P≤0.05) effek het op die kleur, geprossesseerde vleisgeur en -aroma, volstruis aroma, olyfolie aroma, fermheid en sappigheid. ‘n Verbruikerspaneel het gevind dat al vyf polonie behandelings aanvaarbaar is. Olyfolie kan dus suksesvol gebruik word in die produksie van laevet volstruispolonie. Hergestruktureerde volstruisham het bestaan uit vyf afnemende fosfaat vlakke (0.7, 0.53, 0.35, 0.18 and 0%) en vyf toenemende vlakke van karrageenan (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%). Die opbrengs van gaar hergestruktureerde volstruisham het afgeneem (P≤0.05) met verlaagde vlakke van fosfaat. Geen betekenisvolle patroon is in instrumentele kleurmeting gevind nie. Hardheid, binding en taaiheid het toegeneem met afnemende fosfaat vlakke. Daar is bewys dat volstruisham ‘n gunstige vetsuurprofiel het wat in lyn is met internasionale aanbevole standaarde het. ‘n Opgeleide sensoriese paneel het gevind dat afnemende fosfaatvlakke ‘n betekenisvolle effek op die sensoriese eienskappe van volstruisvleis geur en aroma asook melerigheid, maar geen betekenisvolle effek op die speserygeur en -aroma gehad nie. Drie behandelings met verskillende fosfaat vlakke (0.7, 0.35 and 0%) is deur ‘n verbruikerspaneel vir aanvaaraarheid getoets. Die verbruikerspaneel het gevind dat die behandelings met 0.7 en 0.35% fosfaat aanvaarbaar was. Karrageenan kan dus gebruik word om fosfaat te vervang by ‘n vlak van 0.35% fosfaat en 0.2% karrageenan in volstruisham. Volstruisspek is geproduseet met vyf soutvlakke (NaCl), nl 3.5, 2.75, 2.0, 1.25 en 0.5%. Verlaagde soutvlakke het geen beteknisvolle effek op die L*-, a*- en b*-waardes van die vyf behandelings gehad nie. Volstruisspek het ook ‘n besonder gunstige vetsuurprofiel. ‘n Opgeleide sensoriese paneel het gevind dat die effek van verhoogde soutvlakke ‘n betekenisvolle effek het op die volgende sensoriese eienskappe: geur en aroma van volstruisvleis; geur en aroma van gerookte spek; en southeid. ‘n Verbruikerspaneel het gevind dat al die behandelings aanvaarbaar was, met die monsters met 2.75 and 2.0% sout as mees aanvaarbaar. In opsomming, die soutinhoud van volstruisspek kan uit ‘n tegniese oogpunt suksesvol verlaag word om ‘n produk met ‘n laer soutinhoud te produseer, alhoewel verbruikersvoorkeur vir sout hoog bly.
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Greenhill, Nikita. "Evaluation of probiotics as feed supplements for ostrich chicks." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10521.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Includes bibliographical references (p. 119-130).Production in farming of ostriches (Struthio camelus) is limited by the high mortality rate of ostrich chicks. Chicks which lack a well established microbiota are more susceptible to potentially fatal pathogenic infections. Therefore, the mortality rate may be decreased by establishing the correct gut microbiota by the use of ostrich specific probiotic strains. Five selected strains were conclusively identified and their mucin adhesion abilities characterised: Strain P1.2 was identified as Enterococcus faecalis; the identity of strain 5934.3.1 was confirmed to be Lactobacillus oris; Strains Lactobacillus brevis 512.3.1 and Lactobacillus oris 5934.3.1. The five selected strains were included in an in vivo probiotic feeding trial, where ostriches were treated with an encapsulated mixture of the five strains and/or the antibiotic tylosin.
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Leygonie, Coleen. "Evaluation of packaging and freezing and thawing rates on the shelf-life stability of ostrich meat." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/18116.
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Thesis (PhD (Food Sc))--Stellenbosch University, 2011.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Ostrich meat has become increasingly popular in South Africa and abroad, driven by the health conscious trend and ostrich meat’s natural low intramuscular fat, high polyunsaturated fatty acid and low cholesterol content. This increased demand led to the investigation of novel packaging regimes to improve its attractiveness and shelf-life. Different modified atmospheric packaging regimes were studied for fresh and frozenthawed ostrich M.iIliofibularis steaks stored at ±4°C for 10 days. Oxygen MAP (30 CO2:70 O2) was applied with great success to fresh steaks, and resulted in significantly improved colour stability, decreased drip loss and a 10-day shelf-life. Oxygen MAP of frozen-thawed ostrich steaks was not successful as the colour deteriorated within 3 days, coupled with high lipid and protein oxidation. The microbial shelf-life was not influenced by freezing and thawing. The use of nitrogen MAP (30 CO2:70 N2) as an alternative to vacuum packaging for fresh and frozen-thawed ostrich meat was inconclusive due to trace amounts of residual oxygen in the headspace accelerating myoglobin oxidation by depleting the metmyoglobin reducing activity. The differences in oxidative stability of the fresh and frozen-thawed ostrich meat led to the investigation of the source of these differences and a system that would allow control over the freezing and thawing practice. This was supported by the industry that is under increasing pressure to reduce the excessive (15-20%) thaw weight loss that is continually reported. Subsequently, a mathematical prediction model based on the control volume approach was developed that predicted the rate of freezing and thawing of intact whole vacuum-packed ostrich muscle. The model predicted with greater accuracy than existing models, and can be used successfully by the industry to optimally design, control and operate their systems. Furthermore research was conducted to investigate the effect of different freezing and thawing rates on the ice crystal formation and the quality of ostrich M. femorotibialis stored at ±4°C post freeze/thaw. Five characteristic freezing rates (FR (time from 0°C to -7°C): 1, 2, 4, 8, 24h) were paired with five characteristic thawing rates (TR (time form -7°C to 0°C): 1.5, 3, 6.5, 14, 21h) in a completely randomised block design. Results showed that thawing had no impact on any of the tested quality parameters, including thaw loss. Freezing rate however did influence the ice crystal formation and at a characteristic freezing rate of one hour (FR_1h) only intracellular ice crystals were observed throughout the M. femorotibialis leading to the lowest thaw loss (2.57%) and highest shear force. Freezing rate of 2h, 4h and 8h (FR_2h, FR_4h and FR_8h) were dominated by extracellular ice crystals. FR_2h and FR_8h showed major dehydration of the muscle fibres and excessive distortion of the muscle fibre matrix that led to significantly lower oxidative stability. FR_24h (approximately commercial rates) formed columns of ice from the surface to the centre of the meat resulting in the highest thaw loss (6.24%). FR_4h was judged to deliver the best quality product with moderate thaw (3.93%) and drip loss, low cooking loss, good colour stability and extremely low TBARS. FR_4h is an achievable rate of freezing for the industry and if implemented should decrease the thaw loss problem as well as increase revenue and throughput in the processing facility.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: ‘n Hedendaagse strewe na ‘n gesonde lewenstyl tesame met die natuurlike lae vetinhoud (d.i. hoë poli-onversadigde vetsure en lae cholesterolvlak) van volstruisvleis het gelei tot ‘n toename in die nasionale en internasionale aanvraag. Hierdie het ook die behoefte laat ontstaan om nuwe verpakkingstegnieke te ondersoek om sodoende die aanvaarbaarheid en rakleeftyd van die produk te verleng. Die invloed van verskeie gewysigde atmosferiese verpakkingsmetodes (GAV) op die kleurstabiliteit, drupverlies en rakleeftyd van vars en bevrore/ontdooide volstruisvleis (spesifiek M. Iliofibularis), gestoor by ±4°C vir 10 dae, is ondersoek. Die suurstof GAV (30 CO2:70 O2) van vars volstruisvleis het ‘n verbetering in kleurstabiliteit, verlaagde drupverlies en 'n verlengde mikrobiese rakleeftyd (10 dae) tot gevolg gehad. Die suurstof GAV van bevrore-ontdooide volstruisvleis het geen voordelige effek op kleurstabiliteit en rakleeftyd getoon nie. Die bevrore/ontdooide monsters het totaal verkleur na 3 dae en ‘n hoë vlak van lipied- en proteïenoksidasie is waargeneem. Die bevriesing en ontdooiing het geen invloed op rakleeftyd gehad nie. Die moontlikheid om stikstof GAV (30 CO2:70 N2) as 'n alternatief tot vakuumverpakking vir vars en bevrore/ontdooide volstruisvleis te gebruik, is beïnvloed deur die teenwoordigheid van oorblywende suurstof in die lugruimte van die GAV, met ‘n gevolglike toename in die tempo van mioglobien oksidasie as gevolg van ‘n afname in die metmioglobien reduksie aktiwiteit. Die verskil in die oksidatiewe stabiliteit van vars en bevrore/ontdooide volstruisvleis het gelei tot ‘n verdere ondersoek na die oorsaak van die verskille en die ontwikkeling van ‘n moontlike protokol om die oksidatiewe stabiliteit en dus rakleeftyd van volstruisvleis, te verbeter en bestuur. Die behoefte aan so ‘n protokol is beklemtoon deur die bedryf wat onder toenemende druk verkeer om buitensporige ontdooiingsverliese (15-20%) te verminder. ‘n Wiskundige voorspellingsmodel, gebaseer op die beheer-volume benadering, is ontwikkel om die tempo van bevriesing en ontdooiing van vakuumverpakte heel volstruisspiere te voorspel. Die model het tempo van bevriesing en ontdooiing met groter akkuraatheid as die bestaande modelle voorspel en kan suksesvol gebruik word in die bestuur van slagpale. Verder navorsing is onderneem om ondersoek in te stel na die effek van die tempo van bevriesing en ontdooiing op die kwaliteit van die bevrore-ontdooide volstruisvleis tydens berging by ±4°C. Die invloed van die kombinasie van vyf bevriesingstempo’s (FR (tydsverloop 0°C tot -7°C): 1, 2, 4, 8, 24 h) met vyf ontdooiingstempo’s (OT (tydsverloop -7°C to 0°C): 1.5, 3, 6.5, 14, 21 h) is ondersoek. Die resultate het getoon dat ontdooiingstempo geen beduidende invloed op enige van die kwaliteit kriteria, insluitend ontdooiingsverlies, gehad het nie. Bevriesingtempo het egter ‘n groot rol ten opsigte van yskristalvorming gespeel. Teen ‘n kenmerkende bevriesingstempo van een uur (FR_1h) was slegs intrasellulêre yskristalle waargeneem dwarsdeur die M. femorotibialis wat gelei het tot die laagste ontdooiingsverlies (2.57 %). Die ander bevriesingstempo’s, d.i. FR_2h, FR_4h en FR_8h, het gelei tot die vorming van meestal ekstrasellulêre yskristalle. Bevriesingstempo’s van FR_2h en FR_8h het beduidende dehidrasie van die spiervesels en vervorming van die spiervesel matriks tot gevolg gehad, wat tot verhoogde oksidasie gelei het. ‘n Bevriesingstempo van FR_24h (d.i. kommersieële tempo), het gelei tot die vorming van yskolomme van die oppervlak na die middelpunt van die spier, wat gevolglik die grootste ontdooiingsverlies (6.24%) tot gevolg gehad het. ‘n Bevriesingstempo van vier ure (FR_4h) is bestempel as die mees geskikte bevriesings tempo as gevolg van ‘n matige ontdooiingsverlies (3.93%), drupverlies, lae kookverlies, goeie kleur stabiliteit en uiters lae lipiedoksidasie te verseker. Die FR_4h bevriesingstempo is haalbare in die bedryf. Indien dit geïmplementeer word, sal dit waarskynlik die deurset van die slagpalesiklus asook die kostedoeltreffendheid van die volstruisbedryf vebeter, deur die vermindering van ontdooiingsverlies en verbetering van die algehele kwalitiet van die vleis.
Книги з теми "Ostrih"
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Ilarion. The Ostrih Bible (1581): The first complete printed Bible of the Orthodox Church. Winnipeg: Ukrainian Orthodox Church of Canada, Millennium Central Committee, 1987.
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2
Greene, Matt. Ostrich. London: Phoenix, 2015.
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3
Spilsbury, Louise. Ostrich. Chicago: Heinemann Library, 2011.
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4
Spilsbury, Louise. Ostrich. London: Raintree, 2011.
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5
Šrámková, Jana. Ostrie. Bratislava: Slovenský spisovatel̕, 1997.
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Thomas, Michael A. Ostrich. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 2000.
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Shanawany, M. M. Ostrich production systems. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1999.
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8
Marchese, Fabio. Lo struzzo é servito: Guide pratiche di cucina. Bologna: Palmar Edizioni, 1998.
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1940-, Coetzee Cora, ed. The ostrich story. Cape Town: Chameleon Press, 1986.
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Ostrich boys. New York: Random House, 2010.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Ostrih"
1
Devitt, Michael. "Ostrich Nominalism." In The Routledge Handbook of Properties, 171–83. London: Routledge, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003246077-20.
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Giberman, Daniel. "Ostrich Supertropestantivalism." In Concrete Particulars, 93–116. New York: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032661797-5.
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Rizzolli, Helmut, and Federico Pigozzo. "Economic and Social Aspects of the Trade of Luxury Goods between Africa and Europe: Ostrich Feather." In Atti delle «Settimane di Studi» e altri Convegni, 507–17. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-857-0.26.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In Europe, in the Middle Ages, ostrich feathers were used for the decoration of military headgear, as a representation of the high lineage of the possessor and his military virtues. They were imported from the coasts of West Africa, from Egypt and Syria into Italian and Spanish ports and from there exported to England and continental Europe. Venice, at the end of the fourteenth century, began to color feathers and soon the new fashion was spread throughout Europe. During the fifteenth century, even women began to use ostrich feathers on their hats or in their fans. When European ships reached America, Central Africa and the islands of the Indian Ocean, a huge amount of exotic bird feathers became available and ostrich feather fad spread through the population.
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Ana Melissa de Moraes, Câmara, Jesus Paulo Protásio de, Silva Edivânia Oliveira, Monteles Josinete Sampaio, and Funo Izabel Cristina da Silva Almeida. "EFEITO DA DENSIDADE NO CRESCIMENTO DE Crassostrea gasar CULTIVADA EM SISTEMA FIXO NA COSTA DE MANGUEZAIS DE MACROMARÉS DA AMAZÔNIA, BRASIL." In Ciências agrárias: inovação e responsabilidade social, 61–74. Instituto Internacional Despertando Vocações, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31692/978-65-991061-4-9.61-74.
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O presente trabalho avaliou o efeito da densidade de estocagem no crescimento de Crassostrea gasar em sistema fixo na Costa de Manguezais de Macromarés da Amazônia (CMMA). O cultivo foi iniciado com 4.320 ostras de 20 a 30 mm de altura da valva em travesseiro de malha 9 mm. Os animais foram submetidos a três tratamentos (T1 - 600 ostras/m2 , T2 - 800 ostras/m2 e T3 - 1000 ostras/m2 ) com 4 repetições e cultivados durante 270 dias em um sistema de cultivo fixo (cama), no município de Bequimão, Maranhão. A cada coleta foi determinado o crescimento das ostras (da altura da concha e peso vivo), as variáveis ambientais e a ocorrência da fauna incrustante e vágil associada. Foram recrutadas pós-larvas em ambiente natural, através de coletores artificiais, que permaneceram submersos por um período de, aproximadamente, 60 dias. Os dados evidenciaram que os parâmetros produtivos foram significativamente influenciados em função das densidades de estocagem testadas (ANOVA, p<0,05). Nos tratamentos com maior densidade (800 ostras/ m2 e 1.000 ostras/ m2) registrou-se crescimento (altura da concha e peso vivo) significativamente superior das ostras e menor incidência da fauna incrustante e vágil associada. Os meses com maior intensidade pluviométrica e com menor salinidade favoreceram para o menor crescimento das ostras, além de ter contribuído para a maior aglomeração de organismos indesejáveis ao cultivo. Assim, conclui-se que o crescimento da ostra nativa C. gasar apresentou diferença significativa em função da densidade de estocagem testada, com altura da valva e peso vivo favorecidos em alta densidade. Sugere-se que a menor incidência de organismos competidores nas densidades mais altas pode ter contribuído para o melhor desempenho produtivo da ostra nesses tratamentos.
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"ostrich." In The Fairchild Books Dictionary of Fashion. Fairchild Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781501365287.1928.
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"Ostrich." In The Birds of Ancient Egypt, 1–5. Oxbow Books, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jj.6230179.10.
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"Index." In Raphael’s Ostrich, 241–52. Penn State University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780271077499-014.
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"1 A Brief History of the Ostrich: Antiquity and the Middle Ages." In Raphael’s Ostrich, 12–33. Penn State University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780271077499-004.
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"3 Pope Leo X and Raphael’s Ostriches." In Raphael’s Ostrich, 52–83. Penn State University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780271077499-006.
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"Contents." In Raphael’s Ostrich, v—vi. Penn State University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9780271077499-toc.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Ostrih"
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Taelman, Ruben, Miel Vander Sande, and Ruben Verborgh. "OSTRICH." In Companion of the The Web Conference 2018. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3184558.3186960.
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Seco, João Costa, Hugo Lourenço, Joana Parreira, and Carla Ferreira. "Nested OSTRICH." In MODELS '22: ACM/IEEE 25th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3550355.3552442.
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Houhou, Mohammad. "The Ostrich Politic." In SIGGRAPH '19: Special Interest Group on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques Conference. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3302502.3314052.
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Houhou, Mohammed. "The ostrich politic." In SA '19: SIGGRAPH Asia 2019. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3354919.3365175.
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Ismatullaev, Ilyos, Jurabek Ulugmuratov, Avaz Kenjaev, Khashim Begaliev, and Fazli Akyüz. "Investigation of the Process of Soaking when Processing Ostrich Skins." In The 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2022.iii.12.
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In this work, the results of a study of the process of soaking in the processing of exotic leather raw materials of ostrich skins were carried out. In order to reduce the negative impact of wastewater from the tanning industry on the environment and to accelerate the soaking process, an enzyme preparation of microbial origin Letan SE2 and a surfactant CH-22C, which meets the requirements of the European regulations REACH and ECHA, were used. When these chemicals are used in the soaking process, mucopolysaccharides and non-collagen proteins are intensively removed from the interfiber space, the moisture content in the skin tissue of the ostrich skin increases, and uniform soaking in thickness and area is ensured. Intensive and correct soaking process improves the quality of subsequent processing of the ostrich skin. The paper shows the possibility of carrying out the soaking process using environmentally friendly chemicals, the use of which allows reducing the level of technogenic impact of chemicals on the environment, which is very important for the preservation of natural objects.
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Chen, Guangrong, HuaFeng Lu, Sifan Li, Ming Ma, and Sheng Guo. "A Bio-inspired Ostrich-like Biped Robot." In 2021 China Automation Congress (CAC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cac53003.2021.9728521.
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OLIVEIRA, Nayara Romero, Cristiane Rampinelli ZANELLA, André Celestino MARTINS, Sara Rodrigues Duarte MONTENEGRO, Alessandro Luiz Rocha de OLIVEIRA, Yemcy Calcina FLORES, Luis Alberto dos SANTOS, Carla Cristina Almeida LOURES, and Fausto SILVESTRI. "Produção e caracterização do pó de conchas de moluscos marinhos: Nodipecten nodosos e Crassostrea gigas." In I Simpósio de bolsistas da FIPERJ. Fundação Instituto de Pesca do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - FIPERJ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.57068/simposio.fiperj.356.
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Na Baia da Ilha Grande a malacocultura é uma importante atividade econômica praticada comercialmente desde o início dos anos 90. As conchas dos moluscos são resíduos desta cultura e podem ser aproveitados, agregando valor à produção. Sabe-se que as conchas desses moluscos são compostas majoritariamente por carbonato de cálcio, o que indica um enorme potencial para utilização na agricultura como corretivos de acidez de solo. Isto posto, realizou-se a descrição da produção e a caracterização física do pó de conchas provenientes da maricultura de duas espécies diferentes de moluscos bivalves, a vieira (Nodipecten nodosus) e a ostra japonesa (Crassostrea gigas). As amostras de conchas foram doadas pela Fazenda Marinha da Brigada Mirim, localizada na Ilha Grande (Angra dos Reis/RJ), sendo dois quilos de cada espécie em fase adulta. Inicialmente, as conchas foram lavadas com jato de água para retirar os resíduos de areia e matéria orgânica, posteriormente com escovas de aço e em seguida submetidas a uma solução de água com NaClO 20% por 24 horas. Após esta etapa, as amostras foram novamente lavadas com água corrente abundante e, por fim, com água destilada. Em seguida, as amostras foram secadas em estufa a 100°C durante 1 hora. Após a secagem, as conchas foram inicialmente quebradas com auxílio de um martelo manual, e colocadas em um moinho de bolas, com esferas de aço, durante 20 minutos com rotação de 50 rpm, para realizar sua cominuição. Para realizar a caracterização o material obtido foi classificado em peneiras com tamanho de malha 1,70 mm, 0,850 mm e 0,300 mm, respectivamente, resultando porções do material com granulometrias distintas. Adicionalmente, foi realizada a medida de massa específica por picnômetria para determinação de densidade absoluta das amostras. Os resultados indicaram que a metodologia empregada para a produção do pó de conchas acarretou um rendimento de 81,45% para o pó de vieiras e 43,29% para o pó de ostras. Com relação à caracterização do material processado após o peneiramento observaram-se as frações 78,2%, 64,3% e 46,9% para o pó de conchas de vieiras e 74,4%, 50,8% e 17,8% para o pó de conchas de ostras. Os resultados de densidade absoluta observados para o pó de conchas de vieira e ostras foram, respectivamente, 2,3171g/cm³ e 2,444g/cm³. De maneira geral a metodologia utilizada apresentou uma maior eficiência quando aplicada às conchas de N. nodosus.
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Eriksson, Benjamin, Amanda Stjerna, Riccardo De Masellis, Philipp Rüemmer, and Andrei Sabelfeld. "Black Ostrich: Web Application Scanning with String Solvers." In CCS '23: ACM SIGSAC Conference on Computer and Communications Security. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3576915.3616582.
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Zhang, Lifeng, Yanling Cui, and Keqin Li. "Ostrich: An optimistic distributed power control scheme for VANETs." In 2014 IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference (WCNC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/wcnc.2014.6952648.
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YuRong Yang and YiBao Jiang. "Anatomy and Histology of cloaca in African ostrich (Struthio camelus)." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5964023.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Ostrih"
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Olafsson, Arna, and Michaela Pagel. The Ostrich in Us: Selective Attention to Financial Accounts, Income, Spending, and Liquidity. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23945.
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Jones, Timothy. OSTI 2411 Create Test. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1617652.
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NEHER, STEVEN. CLASSIFIED META DATA OSTI SUBMITTAL. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1892064.
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Lucas Garín, Andrea. Apuntes para la Gobernanza Policéntrica del Cambio Climático. Fundación Heinrich Böll, Oficina Bogotá - Colombia Heidelberg Center para América Latina, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/12728/1006220205.
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El trabajo explora preliminarmente el concepto de Gobernanza Policéntrica brindado por Elinor Ostrom para responder dos preguntas ¿qué es la Gobernanza Policéntrica?; y ¿qué características se encuentran en la lucha contra el Cambio Climático que facilitan y permitan hablar de la conveniencia de una Gobernanza Policéntrica?, todo de modo de colaborar en la construcción de escenarios a futuro.
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Administrator, EDX, and John Smith. Testing OSTI 2411 Prod Submission Race. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1755317.
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Kamermans, Pauline, Jack Perdon, and Joost Bergsma. Sediment suitability of Frisian Front search areas for European flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) restoration. Yerseke: Wageningen Marine Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/568881.
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Tonk, Linda, Rob Witbaard, Pim van Dalen, and Pauline Kamermans. Applicability of the valve gape monitor to assist with oysters bed (Ostrea edulis) restoration projects. Yerseke: Wageningen Marine Research, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/477717.
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Kamermans, Pauline, Ainhoa Blanco, and Pim van Dalen. Sources of European flat oysters (Ostrea edulis L.) for restoration projects in the Dutch North Sea. Yerseke: Wageningen Marine Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/532003.
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Tonk, Linda, Sterre Witte, and Pauline Kamermans. Flat oyster (Ostrea edulis) settlement on scour protection material : Innovation Eco Scour Protection in offshore windfarm Borssele V. Yerseke: Wageningen Marine Research, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/526156.
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Quijano, José Manuel, Sebastián Sáez, Enrique Avogadro, William A. Dymond, Carlos Alva V., Andrés Langebaek, Laura Ritchie Dawson, et al. El proceso de formulación de la política comercial: Nivel uno de un juego de dos niveles: Estudios de países en el Hemisferio Occidental. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0009446.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Esta publicación constituye un informe de los resultados del proyecto sobre la formulación de políticas de comercio en ocho países del Hemisferio Occidental, realizado en forma conjunta por el INTAL e ITD del BID, el Munk Centre for International Studies de la Universidad de Toronto y el Inter-American Dialogue. El proyecto se enfoca sobre la cuestión de cuál sería la forma más adecuada para la participación de los actores no estatales en la formulación de políticas de comercio nacionales y las agendas de negociación. A comienzos de 2001, analistas de Argentina, Brasil, Canadá, Chile, Colombia, Estados Unidos, México y Uruguay fueron invitados a preparar ensayos breves que describieran el proceso de formulación de políticas comerciales en sus respectivos países -con énfasis particular en la naturaleza y la estructura de los mecanismos de consulta con los grupos privados. Dichos documentos fueron presentados en un taller en el BID el 15 de junio de ese año, con los autores y un pequeño grupo de comentaristas externos y, posteriormente, fueron revisados para reflejar la discusión. Las conclusiones principales del ejercicio completo se presentan en el prefacio preparado por la Sra. Sylvia Ostry, del Munk Centre, directora del proyecto.