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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Orchard"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 21 лютого 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Orchard"

Holb, Imre, and Bart Heijne. "Comparative Study of Dutch and Hungarian Environmentally-friendly Apple Orchards on Potential Ascospore Dose of Apple Scab." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 1 (May 12, 2002): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/1/3533.

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In a 2-year study, Dutch and Hungarian environmentally-friendly apple orchards were compared as regards the amount of apple scab primary inoculum. The PAD (potential ascospore dose) method was used to quantify the potential amount of primary inoculum (ascospores) per m2 orchard floor. Applying this method, the number of lesions per m2 of leaf in the autumn (LD), the proportion of the orchard floor covered by leaf litter at bud break (LLD) and potential ascospore dose (PAD) were determined. In autumn, LD values ranged between 2.2 and 13.5 in the integrated orchards, while in the organic orchards the values were between 42.5 and 106.2, with especially high values in the Dutch organic orchard. LLD values ranged between 24 and 43% at bud break in both countries. PAD values were 10-60 times higher than those of the integrated orchards. The PAD values were between 673 and 4275 ascospore/m2 orchard floor in the integrated orchards, while in the organic orchards these values were 37102 and 52390 ascospore/m2 orchard floor, respectively. On the basis of the recorded primary inoculum quantity, the Dutch integrated apple orchard is considered to be excellently protected, while the Hungarian orchard has a medium level of protection. However, both countries’ organic orchards can be regarded overall as being very poorly protected. Accordingly, in the integrated orchards the predicted epidemic risk is low or medium, while in the organic orchards it is very high on the basis of PAD values.

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Tesfagergish, Amanuel, Ariam Ghebrebrhan, Rahel Temesghen, Rodas Dawit, and Gangapuram Sethumadhava Rao. "Prevalence and Assessment of Disease Incidence and Severity in Citrus Orchards of Sub Zoba Hamelmalo." Caribbean Journal of Science and Technology 09, no. 01 (2021): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.55434/cbi.2021.9105.

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Citrus (Citrus spp. L.) production in Eritrea covers over 2409 ha of the land but the average potential of production is 91 q/ha to 150 -170 q/ha. This low yield might be due to lack of knowledge on management practices, adverse environmental factors and different diseases caused by various pathogens. Moreover, there is no proper recorded data on the identification of diseases on citrus and its intensity, hence, this survey: to identify the prevailed diseases; assessment of disease incidence, severity and calculate the ‘Area Under Disease Progress Curve’ (AUDPC). A survey was carried out in three orchards in each five citrus producing villages (Fredarb, Tsebabo, Hamelmalo, Wazntetand Genfelom) from sub-zoba Hamelmalo. The fungal diseases found on citrus were brown spot, sooty mold, gummosis, black spot, scab and melanose; the bacterial infection was canker; and viral diseases were leprosis and cholorotic dwarf. The highest percentage of disease incidence was recorded Fredarb with 77.16% and the lowest was found in Genfelom with 47.29 % in the same month. The highest percentage of diseases severity was found in Hamelmalo with 40.02%. On the other hand, the least percentage of disease severity was found in Genfelomwith 25.04%. The influence of epidemiological factors showed that they could be some of the reasons to develop and spread the mean disease incidence (65.6%) in February, 2018. The AUDPC was recorded highest (2829) in the orchard 3 of Hamelmalo, and lowest (1152) in orchard 3 of Tsebabo. A decreasing trend of temporal disease data from the first month to the third month was estimated in the orchard 2 and orchard 3 of Fredarb, orchard 2 of Genfelom, orchard 1 of Hamelmalo, all orchards of Tsebabo and in both orchard1 and 3 of Wazntet villages.

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Chroboková, E., J. Suchá, H. Ludvíková, and P. Lauterer. "Occurrence of potential vectors of phytoplasma in pear orchards with different plantation management." Horticultural Science 41, No. 3 (August 26, 2014): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/77/2014-hortsci.

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During 2009–2011, regular captures of Cacopsylla pyri, C. pyrisuga and C. pyricola in four pear orchards (one conventional orchard, one integrated pest management (IPM) orchard, two organic orchards) were conducted in the Czech Republic. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests were performed on psyllids captured from the orchards with the highest occurrence of these insects. The DNA extracted from pairs of psyllid individuals was analysed by nested PCR (R16F2n/R2-fU5/rU3) and restriction fragment length polymorphism method (RFLP) (RsaI, BfmI). Two C. pyri individuals captured on 11/05/2011 in the IPM orchard tested positive for Ca. P. pyri. Ca. P. pyri presence was confirmed in 8 out of the 9 Cacopsylla samples tested by subsequent nested PCR (P1/P7- f01/r01). In 2010 a higher amount of C. pyri was captured in the conventional orchard during June/July and in the IPM orchard during March, May, June and July. In 2010 and 2011 no or lower psyllids presence was detected in the organic orchard No. 1 and in the organic orchard No. 2. It is important to control pear decline by controlling the vector of the disease.  

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Dafny-Yelin, Mery, Jehudith Clara Moy, Raphael A. Stern, Israel Doron, Miriam Silberstein, and Daphna Michaeli. "High-density ‘Spadona’ pear orchard shows reduced tree sensitivity to fire blight damage due to decreased tree vigour." Phytopathologia Mediterranea 60, no. 3 (November 15, 2021): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/phyto-12847.

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Fire blight, caused by Erwinia amylovora, is a severe disease of pear (Pyrus communis). Highly vigorous trees are more sensitive to E. amylovora damage after summer pruning. Trees grown in high-density orchards have lower vigour than those in low-density orchards, reducing required inputs for pruning and tying, and increasing per hectare yields orchard profitability. Tree damage due to fire blight was assessed in high-density pear orchards vs. the common Israeli low-density orchards. Pear trees were planted at high densities using the spindle system (2500 trees ha-1 for ‘Spadona’ and 1250 trees ha-1 for ‘Coscia’), or at low density (1000 trees ha-1) using palmeta (’Spadona’) or open vase (‘Coscia’) systems. Four years after planting, both orchards were similarly infected with fire blight (11–50 infected blossoms per tree), but 1 year after infection, trees in the high density orchard had blossoms infections in the main limbs or trunk bases compared to the low-density orchard. At 3 years after initial infection, no trees had died in the high density orchard, whereas in the low density ‘Spadona’ orchard, 10% of the trees were wilted. For the more tolerant ‘Coscia’, infection did not progress at either orchard density. These results indicate that in fire blight-susceptible pear cultivars, a high density planting system, associated with reduced tree vigour, presents a decreased risk of fire blight damage.

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González, Eugenia, and Turner B. Sutton. "Population Diversity within Isolates of Colletotrichum spp. Causing Glomerella Leaf Spot and Bitter Rot of Apples in Three Orchards in North Carolina." Plant Disease 88, no. 12 (December 2004): 1335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2004.88.12.1335.

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The population diversity within isolates of Glomerella cingulata and Colletotrichum spp. associated with Glomerella leaf spot and bitter rot of apples was studied in an orchard of cv. Granny Smith located in Wilkes County, NC, and one orchard each of cultivars Granny Smith and Gala located in Lincoln County, NC. Morphological characters and vegetative compatibility groups (VCGs) were used to determine diversity within the species. The relative frequencies of the morphological types found within each species in each orchard were also determined. G. cingulata was the predominant species associated with bitter rot in the three orchards and Glomerella leaf spot in the Gala orchard. In the three orchards, different morphological types were observed within isolates of G. cingulata and Colletotrichum acutatum, but not within isolates of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Isolates of C. gloeosporioides were not found in the orchard of cv. Granny Smith in Lincoln County. In the other two orchards, C. gloeosporioides represented the lowest proportion of the population. Three VCGs were found among isolates of G. cingulata (VCG-1, 2, and 6), two among isolates of C. gloeosporioides (VCG-9 and 10), and two among isolates of C. acutatum (VCG-15 and 16). VCGs 2, 6, 9, 10, 15, and 16 were found in the Granny Smith orchard in Wilkes County, VCGs 1, 2, and 6 in the Gala orchard in Lincoln County, and VCGs 2 and 6 in the Granny Smith orchard in Lincoln County. Differences in frequencies among the different morphological types found within the three orchards remained relatively similar throughout the season and from year to year, suggesting that the relative frequencies of G. cingulata, C. gloeosporioides, and C. acutatum remain stable in an orchard once the fungi are established.

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Powell, Gregory L., and Timothy L. White. "Cone and Seed Yields from Slash Pine Seed Orchards." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 18, no. 3 (August 1, 1994): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/18.3.122.

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Abstract The Cooperative Forest Genetics Research Program (CFGRP) initiated a slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) seed orchard management recording system (SOMRS) in 1985 to quantify cone and seed yields of slash pine orchards in the cooperative program. First, historical data were obtained from CFGRP slash pine seed orchards. Secondly, starting in 1985, cultural treatments and production yield data have been collected annually from 56 slash pine seed orchards located throughout Florida, Georgia, and Alabama. The vast majority of these orchards are intensively managed for seed production including the use of fertilizer, herbicide, and up to 10 applications of insecticide annually. From 1980 through 1990, the average seed yield from mature orchards (orchards greater than 14 yr old) was 25.1 bushels of cones, and 27.3 lb of seed/ac. For pounds per acre, orchards reach 50% and 90% of full production at ages 11 and 18 yr from grafting, respectively. The use of insecticides in slash pine seed orchards approximately doubles orchard yields. The CFGRP slash pine seed orchard management recording system (SOMRS) can aid orchard managers in determining factors that limit or promote seed production. South. J. Appl. For. 18(3):122-127.

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Wells, M. Lenny. "Pecan Nutrient Element Status and Orchard Soil Fertility in the Southeastern Coastal Plain of the United States." HortTechnology 19, no. 2 (January 2009): 432–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.19.2.432.

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This survey addresses the current nutritional status of orchards typical of a large portion of the United States pecan (Carya illinoinensis) industry. A leaf nutrition and soil fertility survey was conducted for commercial orchards in a major production area of the U.S. pecan belt, which is located in southern Georgia. The study sampled pecan orchards from 18 July to 5 Aug. 2005 and 17 July to 3 Aug. 2008. All orchards had a history of commercial level orchard management, and represented a wide range of orchards typical of the region. Results indicate that southeastern U.S. pecan producers should focus their nutrient inputs on nitrogen (N), potassium (K), sulfur (S), and copper (Cu) as needed. The survey results show that leaf N can vary widely by season and among orchard locations. Evidence indicates that many growers could likely forego the soil application of phosphorous (P) and zinc (Zn) until leaf or soil analysis indicates a need. Orchard soil organic matter (SOM) in 2008 averaged 3.63%, and ranged from 1.74% on coarse-textured sandy soils to 5% on sandy loam soils. Both SOM and soil nitrate-N were higher in orchards using clover (Trifolium spp.) as a cool-season orchard groundcover than those using a grass sod only. The mean carbon:S ratio of Georgia pecan orchard soils was 504:1, which may further reduce tree uptake of S from low-S soils.

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Štefanić, Edita, Vesna Kovačević, Lea Jakovljević, Urška Kosić, Dinko Zima, and Alka Turalija. "Weed Community in a Conventionally-Grown Olive Orchard Vs. Weed Community in Consociation with Pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevir.) Sch. Bip.)." Poljoprivreda 27, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18047/poljo.27.1.4.

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On the experimental plots of the Institute of Agriculture and Tourism in Poreč, weed communities were analyzed in a conventionally‐grown olive orchard and in consociation with pyrethrum. Phytocenological surveys were conducted in March, June, and September using the Braun-Blanquet Cover Abundance Scale. Altogether, 54 species of vascular plants were recognized in both orchards. However, in a conventionally‐grown olive orchard, 27 were identified, whereas 42 weed species were identified in consociation with pyrethrum. Only 15 weeds were common to both orchards. Between both olive orchards, significant differences existed regarding the floristic and community diversity metrics. In consociation with pyrethrum as a cover crop, olive orchard had a more stable weed community during the season, while two weed species, Mercurialis annuua L. and Medicago arabica (L.) Huds., dominated in a conventionally‐grown orchard in the fall. The weed communities in both orchards significantly differ considering the appearance season (spring, summer, and fall). An autumnal weed community in a conventionally‐grown olive orchard was more diverse, more abundant, and with a more distinct floristic composition than a weed community in the spring and summer periods. However, an olive‐orchard weed community in consociation with pyrethrum also differed regarding the season, but a Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) demonstrated a clear separation of a more diverse estival weed community than the one observed in the spring and summer.

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Dallot, Sylvie, Tim Gottwald, Gérard Labonne, and Jean-Bernard Quiot. "Factors Affecting the Spread of Plum pox virus Strain M in Peach Orchards Subjected to Roguing in France." Phytopathology® 94, no. 12 (December 2004): 1390–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2004.94.12.1390.

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We evaluated the impact of roguing on the spread and persistence of the aggressive Plum pox virus strain M (PPV-M) in 19 peach orchard blocks in Southern France. During a 7- to 10-year period, orchards were visually inspected for PPV symptoms, and symptomatic trees were removed every year. Disease incidence was low in all orchards at disease discovery and was <1% in 16 of the 19 orchard blocks. The spread of Sharka disease was limited in all 19 blocks, with an annual disease incidence between 2 and 6%. However, new symptomatic trees were continuously detected, even after 7 to 10 years of uninterrupted control measures. An extended Cox model was developed to evaluate to what extent tree location, orchard characteristics, environment, and disease status within the vicinity influenced the risk of infection through time. Eleven variables with potential effect on tree survival (i.e., maintenance of a tree in a disease- free status through time) were selected from survey data and databases created using a geographical information system. Area of the orchard, density of planting, distance of a tree from the edge of the orchard block sharing a boundary with another diseased orchard, and distance to the nearest previously detected symptomatic tree had a significant effect on the risk for a tree to become infected through time. The combined results of this study suggest that new PPV-M infections within orchards subjected to roguing resulted from exogenous sources of inoculum, disease development of latent infected trees, as well as infected trees overlooked within the orchards during visual surveys. A revision of the survey and the roguing procedures used for more effective removal of potential sources of inoculum within the orchards and in the vicinity of the orchards would improve disease control suppression of PPV.

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Logan, D. P., B. J. Maher, and P. G. Connolly. "Increased numbers of earwigs (Forficula auricularia) in kiwifruit orchards are associated with fewer broadspectrum sprays." New Zealand Plant Protection 64 (January 8, 2011): 49–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30843/nzpp.2011.64.5955.

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European earwigs are sensitive to the residues of broadspectrum insecticides More earwigs are found on organicallymanaged than on conventionallymanaged kiwifruit orchards Since 2007 there have been changes in insecticide use on kiwifruit orchards In particular the broadspectrum insecticide diazinon was replaced by socalled reducedrisk insecticides In the current study earwig numbers were measured in nine conventionallymanaged and seven organicallymanaged orchards for 4 years (200607 to 200910) Numbers of earwigs on orchard blocks under organic management did not differ between years and were initially higher than on conventionallymanaged orchard blocks There was a trend for earwig numbers to increase on conventionallymanaged orchard blocks Earwig abundance decreased by approximately 60 with each spray application after allowing for differences between years

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Orchard"

Rowley, Marc A. "Orchard Floor Management." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1103.

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Orchard floor management is vital to tree health, yield, and fruit quality. Current standard management practices include maintaining a vegetation-free tree row and a grass-covered alleyway. This system is effective at limiting competition from undesirable vegetation and creating a favorable environment for the fruit trees. However, limitations to standard orchard floor practices are that the grass alleyway provides no nutrient benefit, and current practices do not readily lend themselves to organic management constraints. Alternative in-row and alleyway systems are requisite to creating improved orchard floor management systems. Three different approaches were used to investigate alternative orchard floor management strategies, including: alternative in-row weed control with combinations of mulch and organic herbicides, alternative alleyway management with legume cover crops, and combinations of in-row and alleyway alternative strategies. Although organic in-row weed control was best accomplished with combinations of straw and acetic acid, this management approach was not economically viable at current costs of labor and supplies, and current fruit prices. Alfalfa and alfalfa clover treatments contributed the most aboveground biomass and nitrogen among alternative alleyway covers, but consumed 45% more water than the conventional grass alleyway. In combinations of in-row and alleyway alternatives, birds-foot trefoil alleyway had a beneficial effect on tree growth compared to grass, while consuming the greatest amount of water. Peach yields were the highest for the integrated compost and NPK fertility treatments that used herbicides to minimize competition. Treatments that experienced the most competition from weeds, no herbicide and reduced herbicide treatments, resulted in lower yields. Weed fabric and tillage in-row weed control methods resulted in the highest tree growth as compared to the straw and alyssum treatments. Finally, results from the combined studies were integrated into a series of recommendations for commercial fruit growers. While alternatives to orchard floor management show a number of potential benefits for growers in the Intermountain West, additional work is needed to determine the long-term viability of these approaches.

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Albertyn, Sonnica. "Thaumatotibia leucotreta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) population ecology in citrus orchards: the influence of orchard age." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/62615.

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Anecdotal reports in the South African citrus industry claim higher populations of false codling moth (FCM), Thaumatotibia (Cryptophlebia) leucotreta (Meyr) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), in orchards during the first three to five harvesting years of citrus planted in virgin soil, after which, FCM numbers seem to decrease and remain consistent. Various laboratory studies and field surveys were conducted to determine if, and why juvenile orchards (four to eight years old) experience higher FCM infestation than mature orchards (nine years and older). In laboratory trials, Washington Navel oranges and Nova Mandarins from juvenile trees were shown to be significantly more susceptible to FCM damage and significantly more attractive for oviposition in both choice and no-choice trials, than fruit from mature trees. Although fruit from juvenile Cambria Navel trees were significantly more attractive than mature orchards for oviposition, they were not more susceptible to FCM damage. In contrast, fruit from juvenile and mature Midnight Valencia orchards were equally attractive for oviposition, but fruit from juvenile trees were significantly more susceptible to FCM damage than fruit from mature trees. Artificial diets were augmented with powder from fruit from juvenile or mature Washington Navel orchards at 5%, 10%, 15% or 30%. Higher larval survival of 76%, 63%, 50% and 34%, respectively, was recorded on diets containing fruit powder from the juvenile trees than on diets containing fruit powder from the mature trees, at 69%, 57%, 44% and 27% larval survival, respectively. Bioassays were conducted to determine if differences in plant chemistry between fruit from juvenile and mature trees will have an impact on the susceptibility FCM to entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) and Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus (CrleGV). No significant differences in the susceptibility of larvae reared on diets containing 15% fruit powder from juvenile and mature trees to EPN and EPF were recorded. Mortality of neonate larvae was significantly lower when placed on diets containing 15% fruit powder from mature trees (45% mortality) than diets containing 15% fruit powder from juvenile trees (61% mortality), after larvae ingested the lowest virus concentration tested, being 2 x104 OBs/ml. Data collected from field surveys showed significantly lower egg parasitism, virus infection of larvae and EPF occurrence in juvenile orchards than mature orchards. Egg parasitism was between 11% and 54% higher in mature orchards than juvenile orchards, with the exception of Mandarins during 2015, where egg parasitism was slightly higher in juvenile orchards, but not significantly so. A significantly higher proportion of larvae retrieved from mature orchards (7% of larvae) were infected with CrleGV than larvae retrieved from juvenile orchards (4% of larvae). A significantly higher occurrence of EPF was recorded in non-bearing and mature orchards, with 40% and 37% occurrence respectively, than in juvenile orchards, with 25% occurrence recorded. EPF occurrence in juvenile orchards increased significantly by 16% to 32% from the first to the third year of sampling. In contrast to results recorded in laboratory trials, similar or higher pest pressure in juvenile orchards than mature orchards did not always result in significantly higher levels of FCM damage under field conditions. FCM damage in juvenile orchards may have been lower than expected, as greater extremes of temperature and lower humidity were recorded in juvenile orchards, which would increase larval mortality. Results of this study showed that juvenile and mature orchards are significantly different and should be managed differently.

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Middleton, Simon Guy. "Apple orchard light interception and productivity." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/46448.

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Miranda, Ricardo Augusto Calheiros de. "Persistence of wetness in an apple orchard." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317993.

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Dennis, Amy Elizabeth. "'The Sleep Orchard' : poetry and critical commentary." Thesis, Aberystwyth University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2160/a2c4fafd-252c-4695-90d3-b2efc4e30cc4.

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The Sleep Orchard is a collection of poetry written in response to the life and artwork of Arshile Gorky. By mapping the differences as well as the deepening intersections between Gorky and the author, these poems highlight the complexities inherent in attempting to understand another’s life and art within the frame of one’s own consciousness. In addition to meditating on various paintings and the subsequent thoughts they inspire, the text shifts between reflection, recollection, description, confessionalism, and collage, ultimately carving an intimate trajectory through history, memory, vibrancy, and loss. The Invisible Foxglove Spine is a collection of ekphrastic poems in which personal and historical resonances often strive to transcend the purely visual realm of the paintings that initially inspired them. Notions of religion, gender, family, as well as avenues of human connectivity are addressed. The critical commentary explores notions of truth in biographical writing, the relation of this to my poetry collection The Sleep Orchard, as well as voice appropriation in connection with my manuscript on Arshile Gorky. Also investigated are notions of ekphrasis and gender in my shadow collection The Invisible Foxglove Spine, as well as the relationship between ekphrasis and the confessional as considered through the work of contemporary poets Pascal Petit and Deryn Rees-Jones.

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Bortolotti, Gianmarco <1993&gt. "Evaluation of a 2D multileader training system for improving sustainability and precision orchard management applications in italian apple orchards." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10373/1/GB_PhD_Thesis_Uploaded.pdf.

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The presented study aimed to evaluate the productive and physiological behavior of a 2D multileader apple training systems in the Italian environment both investigating the possibility to increase yield and precision crop load management resolution. Another objective was to find valuable thinning thresholds guaranteeing high yields and matching fruit market requirements. The thesis consists in three studies carried out in a Pink Lady®- Rosy Glow apple orchard trained as a planar multileader training system (double guyot). Fruiting leaders (uprights) dimension, crop load, fruit quality, flower and physiological (leaf gas exchanges and fruit growth rate) data were collected and analysed. The obtained results found that uprights present dependence among each other and as well as a mutual support during fruit development. However, individual upright fruit load and upright’s fruit load distribution on the tree (~ plant crop load) seems to define both upright independence from the other, and single upright crop load effects on the final fruit quality production. Correlations between fruit load and harvest fruit size were found and thanks to that valuable thinning thresholds, based on different vegetative parameters, were obtained. Moreover, it comes out that an upright’s fruit load random distribution presents a widening of those thinning thresholds, keeping un-altered fruit quality. For this reason, uprights resulted a partially physiologically-dependent plant unit. Therefore, if considered and managed as independent, then no major problems on final fruit quality and production occurred. This partly confirmed the possibility to shift crop load management to single upright. The finding of the presented studies together with the benefits coming from multileader planar training systems suggest a high potentiality of the 2D multileader training systems to increase apple production sustainability and profitability for Italian apple orchard, while easing the advent of automation in fruit production.

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Zinzani, Michele. "Electric drives for ORTO - Orchard Rapid Transit Operation." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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This thesis is focused on a novel agricultural technique for orchard cultivations that allows to perform automatic and fossil fuel free cultivation operations. More specifically, the aim of this thesis work is to study and implement the electric traction system and control the vehicle that performs the automatic operations. Starting from the analysis of each single component of the traction system, the control of the mobile platform will be then performed. After a first control of the mobile platform in no load conditions, the implementation of the dynamic model will be performed in the Simulink environment. Different simulations representing typical operational missions will be performed to have a real idea concerning the behaviour of the traction system and the energy consumption of this solution. Finally, the obtained results will be analysed for the future implementation of the mobile platform on the field.

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Becker, Emily Jane. "Beyond Fruit: Examining Community in a Community Orchard." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2628.

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The Fruits of Diversity Community Orchard, located in Portland, Oregon in an affordable housing neighborhood, is a site of alternative food provisioning in which a group of people, organized by two nonprofits, work together to manage fruit and nut producing plants. Through conversations with volunteers who participate regularly and participant observation, this study explores the questions: What does community mean in the context of a community orchard? In what ways does partnering with a nonprofit from outside the neighborhood influence community and the way the project is operationalized? This thesis situates community orchards within the literature on alternative food networks (AFN) and highlights three key findings drawing on literature about community development and race in AFNs. First, neighbors and non-neighbors who participate in the project propose different definitions of community. Second, neighbor involvement is limited by a number of factors, including neighborhood divisions and organizational challenges. Notably, orchard participants do not reflect the racial and ethnic diversity of the neighborhood, putting this project at risk of creating a white space in a majority people of color neighborhood and reproducing inequality rather than fighting against it. Finally, this research complicates the notion of community in alternative food networks and demonstrates how collaborating with an organization from outside the neighborhood impacted the community through increasing non-neighbor participation and through their communications, aesthetics, decision making, and inattention to racial dynamics in the neighborhood and orchard.

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Robbie, Francis Anne. "Studies into factors affecting fruit production in young apple trees." Thesis, University of Bath, 1989. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329559.

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Culumber, Catherine Mae. "Soil Nutrient Cycling and Water Use in Response to Orchard Floor Management in Stone-Fruit Orchards in the Intermountain West." DigitalCommons@USU, 2016. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/5030.

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Fruit growers in Utah and other areas across the Intermountain West are faced with growing production challenges stemming from declining soil quality and water resources. Population growth presents challenges in terms of the cost and availability of land, but also presents opportunities in the form of new marketing options such as organic fruit. Few certified organic fruit orchards are operating in Utah currently, which is attributed to a lack of locally tested and adapted organic management practices. An organic peach orchard trial evaluated the effectiveness of different organic management approaches to enhance soil quality and conserve water without compromise to fruit tree growth and fertility. Two tree-row treatments: ‘straw mulch' (Triticum aestivum L.) and ‘living mulch’ (Lobularia maritima (L.) Desv.) were tested in combination with two alleyway groundcovers: ‘grass’ (Festuca rubra L. with Lolium perenne L.) and a legume, ‘Birdsfoot trefoil’ (Lotus corniculatus L.). The novel systems were compared with industry standards, tillage and weed fabric tree-rows with grass alleyways. Trefoil alleyway biomass deposited into tree-rows contributed an estimated 6.24 kg biomass and 0.21 kg total N/tree annually. Trefoil treatments had higher levels of organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), inorganic N, microbial biomass and enzyme activities, suggesting trefoil alleyways enhanced soil nutrient cycling, as well as C and N reserves in comparison to grass and tillage treatments. A functional gene array analysis was conducted to describe the mechanisms, microbial functional composition and diversity underlying the observed soil processes, however few differences were detected in soil community structure between soils under different orchard floor management. Significantly lower leaf δ15N in trees grown with trefoil compared to grass, and an association between root biomass, diameter and trunk cross-sectional area (TCSA) suggests nitrogen sources derived from the trefoil groundcover contributed to improved fruit tree vigor. Few differences resulted among orchard treatments for water use (mm/week). Trends indicated slightly higher water use in trefoil over grass, but not enough to offset observed soil quality and tree growth benefits. These findings suggest, trefoil alleyways may provide ecological benefits such as improved soil quality and efficient nutrient cycling, without substantial increases in water use.

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Книги з теми "Orchard"

Dark orchard. Huntsville, Tex: Texas Review Press, 2005.

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Blenheim Orchard. London: Bloomsbury, 2007.

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Halberstadt, Hans. Orchard tractors. Osceola, WI: Motorbooks International Publishers & Wholesalers, 1996.

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Stepakoff, Jeffrey. The orchard. Waterville, Me: Thorndike Press, 2011.

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Drach, Ivan. Orchard lamps. Toronto: Exile Editions, 1989.

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Modjeska, Drusilla. The orchard. Sydney: Macmillan Australia, 1994.

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Ghazi, Abid U. Grandfather's orchard. Chicago: Iqraʾ International Educational Foundation, 1993.

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Orchard Street. Auckland, N.Z: Viking, 1998.

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Blenheim Orchard. London: Bloomsbury, 2008.

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The orchard. Waterville, Me: Thorndike Press, 2011.

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Частини книг з теми "Orchard"

Mitra, Sisir, and P. K. Pathak. "Orchard management." In Guava: botany, production and uses, 172–85. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789247022.0008.

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Abstract Commercial production from a guava orchard begins on the third year after planting and cropping may continue for 40 years or more. The performance of an orchard depends on its management, which includes water and nutrient management, selection of the correct cultivars, planting technique, canopy management for flowering and fruiting, and improved light efficiency through pruning to optimize the quality of young and bearing trees. This chapter provides information on planting system, planting density, training and pruning, intercropping, and weed control in guava orchards.

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Beccaro, Gabriele, Giancarlo Bounous, José Gomes-Laranjo, Michele Warmund, and Jane Casey. "Orchard Management." In The Chestnut Handbook, 155–81. Title: The chestnut handbook : crop and forest management / [edited by] Gabriele Beccaro, Alberto Alma, Giancarlo Bounous, José Gomes-Laranjo. Description: Boca Raton : CRC Press, 2020.: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429445606-6.

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Marini, Richard P., and Luca Corelli-Grappadelli. "Peach Orchard Systems." In Horticultural Reviews, 63–109. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470767986.ch2.

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Senelick, Laurence. "The Cherry Orchard." In Anton Chekhov, 117–34. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-17981-7_8.

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Peace, Richard. "“The Cherry Orchard”." In From Symbolism to Socialist Realism, edited by Irene Masing-Delic, 88–120. Boston, USA: Academic Studies Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781618111449-011.

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Long, Lynn E., Gregory A. Lang, and Kaiser Clive. "Managing orchard pests." In Sweet cherries, 304–42. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786398284.0304.

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Abstract This chapter provides information on the various economically important insect and arthropod pests causing damage to cherry production, such as Rhagoletis indifferens, Drosophila suzukii, Choristoneura rosaceana, Tetranychus urticae and Caliroa cerasi, among others. Notes on their life cycle, damage and management methods are also presented.

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Kundu, Manoj. "Orchard Floor Management." In Sustainable Agriculture, 227–51. Includes bibliographical references and index.: Apple Academic Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429325830-14.

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Can, H. Zafer. "Fig Orchard Establishment." In Advances in Fig Research and Sustainable Production, 83–97. GB: CABI, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242492.0007.

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Bladen, Victoria. "The Sacred Orchard." In The Tree of Life and Arboreal Aesthetics in Early Modern Literature, 189–221. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003180043-7.

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Long, Lynn E., Gregory A. Lang, and Clive Kaiser. "Orchard establishment and production." In Sweet cherries, 116–64. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781786398284.0116.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on designing the orchard, site preparation, orchard structures, nursery tree source selection, successful pollination, planting and the use of plant growth regulators in cherry production.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Orchard"

Nistreanu, Victoria, Dalia Paraschiv, Alina Larion, and Veaceslav Sitnic. "Structure of small rodent communities in orchards from the central part of the Republic of Moldova and Bacau district, Romania." In Xth International Conference of Zoologists. Institute of Zoology, Republic of Moldova, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53937/icz10.2021.55.

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The studies were performed in the period 2008-2015 in orchards from the central part of the Republic of Moldova and Bacău County, Romania. In both areas 12 species rodent were registered, of which in central Moldova orchards the species R. norvegicus and P. subterraneus were not registered, while in Bacau orchards the species A. uralensis, M. rossiaemeridionalis and D. nitedula weren’t recorded. In CM orchards the dominant species was M. rossiaemeridionalis with about 30%, followed by A. sylvaticus and A. flavicollis. In BC orchards the dominant species was A. flavicollis with more that 41%, followed by A. sylvaticus and M. arvalis.The analysis of demographic structure in spring period showed a high proportion of reproductive females in all species, being the highest at M. rossiaemeridionalis in CM orchard and in A. flavicollis in BC orchard. The share of young individuals constituted up to 40% depending on the species being the highest at M. rossiaemeridionalis in CM orchard and in A. flavicollis in BC orchard. A significant difference in the area of the individual sectors of M.rossiaemeridionalis males and females in the orchard in summer (t = 3.46) and autumn (t = 3.39) was established, as well as for A. sylvaticus in the spring and summer period (t = 2.06; 2.03), and for A.uralensis in spring and autumn (t = 2.99; 3.44).

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Hallam, James, Clement Zheng, Noah Posner, Heydn Ericson, Matthew Swarts, and Ellen Yi-Luen Do. "The Light Orchard." In UbiComp '17: The 2017 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3123024.3123175.

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De Medeiros Siqueira, Jucilene, Jose Machado da Silva, and Teresa Afonso do Paco. "Smart orchard irrigation system." In 2015 Conference on Design of Circuits and Integrated Systems (DCIS). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/dcis.2015.7388606.

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Stanić, Dejana. "FENOLOGIJA I MONITORING INSEKATA U ZASADIMA KRUŠKE NA PODRUČJU ISTOČNOG SARAJEVA." In XXVII savetovanje o biotehnologiji. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt27.351s.

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Phenology and monitoring of pear insects was realized in 2011 and 2022 in intensive orchards, in the locations Vojkovići and Kula, in semi-intensive orchards in the locations Tilava and Petrovići, and in extensive orchards in the location Kasindo. Insects, as well as other organisms, react with a series of periodic phenomena to all climate and phenological changes. The aim of the study was to determine the time of occurrence and activity of overwintering forms of insects, as well as other successive phenological stages in their life cycle, in order to ensure their successful control. During the dormancy of vegetation and the vegetation season, harmful and useful species were determined and their activity were shown by monthly decades. The period of their activity was quite uniform in all locations, regardless of the type of orchard, except in the location Petrovići, which was located at a higher altitude. That was reflected on the later movement of vegetation and the activity of insects in this location.

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Hani, Nicolai, and Volkan Isler. "Visual servoing in orchard settings." In 2016 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iros.2016.7759456.

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Bargoti, Suchet, and James Underwood. "Image classification with orchard metadata." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icra.2016.7487721.

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"Application of digital engineering methods in the agro-industrial complex on the example of crop productivity forecasting." In All-Russian Scientific Conference on Achievements of Science and Technology. Krasnoyarsk Science and Technology City Hall, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47813/dnit.2021.2.30-39.

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The research is dedicated to the development of a method for quantifying the productivity of an agricultural crop with a long lifespan (using the example of an apple orchard). To achieve this goal, the possibility of predicting the yield of an apple orchard was evaluated using existing techniques and methods of data analysis; agrotechnical significant time points in the life cycle of an apple orchard were identified; a prognostic model was formed that simultaneously satisfies biological and agrotechnical constraints and provides the maximum tier of reliability of the yielding forecast result available for the crop under consideration. It is shown that the cumulative yield of an apple orchard lends itself to forecasting much better than the dynamics of the annual yield. As a consequence, in strategic planning in the agricultural and industrial complex, it makes sense to focus on integral performance indicators that level out deviations caused to varying degrees by random causes.

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Gutiérrez Cedillo, Jesús Gastón, and Miguel Ángel Balderas Plata. "Socio-cultural and environmental benefits from familiar orchards, in semirural localities at central highlands of Mexico." In Virtual City and Territory. Barcelona: Centre de Política de Sòl i Valoracions, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8134.

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The aim of the study was to analyze the sociocultural and environmental perception of agro ecosystems with familiar orchard (AEFO) owners, in semirural localities at ecological transition zone of the State of Mexico. Methodology includes four steps: Geographic characterization of localities and AEFO; 2) Analysis of social benefits that orchards provide; and 3) Analysis of the influence that AEFO has over familiar life quality. The investigation was realized at twelve localities in three municipalities of the State of Mexico, mean bye structured and semi structured interviews, accomplished with on field direct observation Familiar orchards provide to families multiple social, environmental, ecologic, economic and cultural benefits; they contribute to have medicinal, condiments, ornamental, even ceremonial plants; for familiar consumption, sales or exchanges. These spaces are also managed for small scale domestic animals nourishment, to obtain fuel material, raw material for construction and fences for protection. Therefore, familiar orchards are considered important agro ecosystems at semirural localities, that function mean bye complex relations between all their components. The sociocultural and environmental benefits provided by these multifunctional productive agro systems, may become an important strategy of social cohesion and alimentary security for rural families, and at same time, one way to preserve the regional natural resources.

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Marnadee, Chatchai. "Drag Coefficients of Orchard Sprinkler Boat." In The Joint Conferences of 2015 International Conference on Computer Science and Engineering Technology (CSET2015) and 2015 International Conference on Medical Science and Biological Engineering (MSBE2015). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789814651011_0021.

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Yang, Haiqing, Boyan Kuang, and Abdul M. Mouazen. "Wireless Sensor Network for Orchard Management." In 2011 International Conference on Measuring Technology and Mechatronics Automation (ICMTMA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmtma.2011.859.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Orchard"

Martin, Ian. The Lucas Orchard. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w17563.

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Doty, Kelsie, and Sherry Haar. Sunrise in the Orchard. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-1279.

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Carpenter, Brandon, and Nick Howell. Horticulture Research Station Orchard Assessment. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-543.

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Becker, Emily. Beyond Fruit: Examining Community in a Community Orchard. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2624.

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Eweg, Rik, Sowjanya Kauzu, and Sebastiaan Masselink. Drying fruits as a business model for an orchard. Lectoraat Sustainable Agribusiness in Metropolitan Areas, Van Hall Larenstein, August 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31715/2019.5.

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Johnston, R. K., and Skip Albertson. Current Meter Study for Agate, Port Orchard, and Rich Passages. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada517512.

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McCracken, Francis I., and R. Rousseau. Cold-Induced Cankers and Associated Fungi in a Sycamore Seed Orchard. New Orleans, LA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/so-rn-366.

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Erez, Amnon, Robert Williamson, E. T. Sims, Ruth Ben-Arie, D. C. Coston, Gary Couvillon, and Clarence Hood. Development of a Mechanized Meadow Orchard System for Fresh Market Peaches. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1985.7587719.bard.

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Dowling, Adam. Adaptation Resources for Agriculture A Case Study: Organic Apple Orchard in Wisconsin. USDA Midwest Climate Hub, January 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6892664.ch.

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Working farm lands and specialty crop farms are an important and dominate part of Wisconsin’s Driftless region providing a multitude of agricultural products and jobs. One of the many challenges facing the specialty crop producers in this region and throughout the US is climate change. Brix Cider of Barneveld, WI participated in the Adaptation Workbook* 5-step process to see if there are ways for their operation to become more resilient in a changing climate.

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Foley, R. D., and L. M. Floyd. Results of the radiological survey at 60 Orchard Place, Maywood, New Jersey. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5086710.

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