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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Optimal control methods"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 15 березня 2025

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Статті в журналах з теми "Optimal control methods"

Gammell, Jonathan D., and Marlin P. Strub. "Asymptotically Optimal Sampling-Based Motion Planning Methods." Annual Review of Control, Robotics, and Autonomous Systems 4, no. 1 (May 3, 2021): 295–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-control-061920-093753.

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Motion planning is a fundamental problem in autonomous robotics that requires finding a path to a specified goal that avoids obstacles and takes into account a robot's limitations and constraints. It is often desirable for this path to also optimize a cost function, such as path length. Formal path-quality guarantees for continuously valued search spaces are an active area of research interest. Recent results have proven that some sampling-based planning methods probabilistically converge toward the optimal solution as computational effort approaches infinity. This article summarizes the assumptions behind these popular asymptotically optimal techniques and provides an introduction to the significant ongoing research on this topic.

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Tsirlin, A. M. "Methods of Simplifying Optimal Control Problems, Heat Exchange and Parametric Control of Oscillators." Nelineinaya Dinamika 18, no. 4 (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.20537/nd220801.

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Methods of simplifying optimal control problems by decreasing the dimension of the space of states are considered. For this purpose, transition to new phase coordinates or conversion of the phase coordinates to the class of controls is used. The problems of heat exchange and parametric control of oscillators are given as examples: braking/swinging of a pendulum by changing the length of suspension and variation of the energy of molecules’ oscillations in the crystal lattice by changing the state of the medium (exposure to laser radiation). The last problem corresponds to changes in the temperature of the crystal.

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Vinter, R. B. "PERTURBATION METHODS IN OPTIMAL CONTROL." Bulletin of the London Mathematical Society 23, no. 6 (November 1991): 616–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1112/blms/23.6.616.

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Kučera, Vladimír. "Optimal control: Linear quadratic methods." Automatica 28, no. 5 (September 1992): 1068–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(92)90166-d.

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Lang, J., and J. G. Verwer. "W-methods in optimal control." Numerische Mathematik 124, no. 2 (February 19, 2013): 337–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00211-013-0516-x.

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Chalabi, Z., and W. Zhou. "OPTIMAL CONTROL METHODS FOR AGRICULTURAL SYSTEMS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 406 (April 1996): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1996.406.22.

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Hou, T. "Mixed Methods for Optimal Control Problems." Numerical Analysis and Applications 11, no. 3 (July 2018): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1995423918030072.

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Chen, Hong, Lulu Guo, Ting Qu, Bingzhao Gao, and Fei Wang. "Optimal control methods in intelligent vehicles." Journal of Control and Decision 4, no. 1 (November 18, 2016): 32–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23307706.2016.1254072.

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Bochev, Pavel. "Least-squares methods for optimal control." Nonlinear Analysis: Theory, Methods & Applications 30, no. 3 (December 1997): 1875–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0362-546x(97)00152-1.

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Sachs, Ekkehard W. "Quasi Newton Methods in Optimal Control." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 18, no. 2 (June 1985): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1474-6670(17)69239-5.

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Дисертації з теми "Optimal control methods"

Deshpande, Ameet Shridhar. "Efficient idempotent methods for optimal control." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3389391.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2009.
Title from first page of PDF file (viewed February 12, 2010). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 178-182).

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Bassou, Leila. "Optimal control methods for systemic risk." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAX041.

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Cette thèse porte sur l'étude des équilibres de Nash du jeu de détentions mutuelles dans différents cadres. Le modèle correspondant, qui a été introduit par M-F. Djete & N. Touzi en 2020, vise à capturer l'interdépendance entre différents agents économiques en tenant compte à la fois des détentions mutuelles de parts entre les entités et de leurs revenus qui peuvent être corrélés.- Dans la première partie, on a étudié le jeu à population finie dans le cadre du critère d'utilité exponentielle. Dans les cas statiques et dynamiques sous une dynamique de type Bachelier gaussienne, on obtient une caractérisation complète des équilibres de Nash et de leurs conditions d'existence.- La deuxième partie est dédiée à l'analyse du jeu à champ moyen avec bruit commun (les revenus sont corrélés), pour le critère moyenne-variance à une période. La résolution de ce problème a fait apparaître une structure liée à une condition de non--arbitrage. Dans ce cadre, on a déterminé une caractérisation explicite de cette condition, ainsi qu'une caractérisation complète des équilibres de Nash.- Dans la troisième partie, on a étendu le jeu à champ moyen avec bruit commun, au cadre du temps continu. Ici, on voit apparaître une condition plus faible de non--arbitrage. Sa caractérisation permet de réduire l'analyse des équilibres de Nash au problème classique d'optimisation de portefeuille avec des dotations aléatoires
This thesis is dedicated to the study of cross-holding game's Nash equilibria in various frameworks. The related model, which was introduced by M-F. Djete & N. Touzi in 2020, aims to capture the interdependence between differenteconomic agents by taking into account, on the one hand, the mutual holding of sharesbetween the entities, and on the other hand, their incomes that can be correlated.- The first part is devoted to the finite population game within the framework of the exponential utility criterion. In the static and dynamic settings under gaussian Bachelier type dynamic, we completely characterize the Nash equilibria and their existence conditions.- The second part is dedicated to the one-period mean field game with common noise (the revenues are correlated), by considering the mean-variance criterion. The formulation of the problem reveals a No-arbitrage condition. In this framework, we characterized explicitly this condition, as well as the mean field equilibria.- In the third part, we extended the study of the mean-field game, with common noise, to the continuous time setting. Here, the problem reveals a weak notion of No-arbitrage condition. The characterization of this condition reduces the analysis of the mean field equilibria to the classical problem of optimal portfolio with random endowment

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Goodwin, David L. "Advanced optimal control methods for spin systems." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/423078/.

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Work within this thesis advances optimal control algorithms for application to magnetic resonance systems. Specifically, presenting a quadratically convergent version of the gradient ascent pulse engineering method. The work is formulated in a superoperator representation of the Liouville-von Neumann equation. A Newton-grape method is developed using efficient calculation of analytical second directional derivatives. The method is developed to scale with the same complexity as methods that use only first directional derivatives. Algorithms to ensure a well-conditioned and positive definite matrix of second directional derivatives are used so the sufficient conditions of gradient-based numerical optimisation are met. A number of applications of optimal control in magnetic resonance are investigated: solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, magnetisation-to-singlet pulses, and electron spin resonance experiments.

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Fabrini, Giulia. "Numerical methods for optimal control problems with biological applications." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066096/document.

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Cette thèse se développe sur deux fronts: nous nous concentrons sur les méthodes numériques des problèmes de contrôle optimal, en particulier sur le Principe de la Programmation Dynamique et sur le Model Predictive Control (MPC) et nous présentons des applications de techniques de contrôle en biologie. Dans la première partie, nous considérons l'approximation d'un problème de contrôle optimal avec horizon infini, qui combine une première étape, basée sur MPC permettant d'obtenir rapidement une bonne approximation de la trajectoire optimal, et une seconde étape, dans la quelle l¿équation de Bellman est résolue dans un voisinage de la trajectoire de référence. De cette façon, on peux réduire une grande partie de la taille du domaine dans lequel on résout l¿équation de Bellman et diminuer la complexité du calcul. Le deuxième sujet est le contrôle des méthodes Level Set: on considère un problème de contrôle optimal, dans lequel la dynamique est donnée par la propagation d'un graphe à une dimension, contrôlé par la vitesse normale. Un état finale est fixé, l'objectif étant de le rejoindre en minimisant une fonction coût appropriée. On utilise la programmation dynamique grâce à une réduction d'ordre de l'équation utilisant la Proper Orthogonal Decomposition. La deuxième partie est dédiée à l'application des méthodes de contrôle en biologie. On présente un modèle décrit par une équation aux dérivées partielles qui modélise l'évolution d'une population de cellules tumorales. On analyse les caractéristiques du modèle et on formule et résout numériquement un problème de contrôle optimal concernant ce modèle, où le contrôle représente la quantité du médicament administrée
This thesis is divided in two parts: in the first part we focus on numerical methods for optimal control problems, in particular on the Dynamic Programming Principle and on Model Predictive Control (MPC), in the second part we present some applications of the control techniques in biology. In the first part of the thesis, we consider the approximation of an optimal control problem with an infinite horizon, which combines a first step based on MPC, to obtain a fast but rough approximation of the optimal trajectory and a second step where we solve the Bellman equation in a neighborhood of the reference trajectory. In this way, we can reduce the size of the domain in which the Bellman equation can be solved and so the computational complexity is reduced as well. The second topic of this thesis is the control of the Level Set methods: we consider an optimal control, in which the dynamics is given by the propagation of a one dimensional graph, which is controlled by the normal velocity. A final state is fixed and the aim is to reach the trajectory chosen as a target minimizing an appropriate cost functional. To apply the Dynamic Programming approach we firstly reduce the size of the system using the Proper Orthogonal Decomposition. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the application of control methods in biology. We present a model described by a partial differential equation that models the evolution of a population of tumor cells. We analyze the mathematical and biological features of the model. Then we formulate an optimal control problem for this model and we solve it numerically

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Weiser, Martin. "Function space complementarity methods for optimal control problems." [S.l. : s.n.], 2001. http://www.diss.fu-berlin.de/2001/189/index.html.

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Teuber, Claus [Verfasser]. "Optimal Control Methods for Transmission Lines / Claus Teuber." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1147674663/34.

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Blanchard, Eunice Anita. "Exact penalty methods for nonlinear optimal control problems." Thesis, Curtin University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1805.

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Research comprised of developing solution techniques to three classes of non-standard optimal control problems, namely: optimal control problems with discontinuous objective functions arising in aquaculture operations; impulsive optimal control problems with minimum subsystem durations; optimal control problems involving dual-mode hybrid systems with state-dependent switching conditions. The numerical algorithms developed involved an exact penalty approach to transform the constrained problem into an unconstrained problem which was readily solvable by a standard optimal control software.

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Yucel, Hamdullah. "Adaptive Discontinuous Galerkin Methods For Convectiondominated Optimal Control Problems." Phd thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614523/index.pdf.

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Many real-life applications such as the shape optimization of technological devices, the identification of parameters in environmental processes and flow control problems lead to optimization problems governed by systems of convection diusion partial dierential equations (PDEs). When convection dominates diusion, the solutions of these PDEs typically exhibit layers on small regions where the solution has large gradients. Hence, it requires special numerical techniques, which take into account the structure of the convection. The integration of discretization and optimization is important for the overall eciency of the solution process. Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods became recently as an alternative to the finite dierence, finite volume and continuous finite element methods for solving wave dominated problems like convection diusion equations since they possess higher accuracy. This thesis will focus on analysis and application of DG methods for linear-quadratic convection dominated optimal control problems. Because of the inconsistencies of the standard stabilized methods such as streamline upwind Petrov Galerkin (SUPG) on convection diusion optimal control problems, the discretize-then-optimize and the optimize-then-discretize do not commute. However, the upwind symmetric interior penalty Galerkin (SIPG) method leads to the same discrete optimality systems. The other DG methods such as nonsymmetric interior penalty Galerkin (NIPG) and incomplete interior penalty Galerkin (IIPG) method also yield the same discrete optimality systems when penalization constant is taken large enough. We will study a posteriori error estimates of the upwind SIPG method for the distributed unconstrained and control constrained optimal control problems. In convection dominated optimal control problems with boundary and/or interior layers, the oscillations are propagated downwind and upwind direction in the interior domain, due the opposite sign of convection terms in state and adjoint equations. Hence, we will use residual based a posteriori error estimators to reduce these oscillations around the boundary and/or interior layers. Finally, theoretical analysis will be confirmed by several numerical examples with and without control constraints

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Musser, Jonathan Wesley. "A comparison of optimal and suboptimal reservoir control methods." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19315.

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Chai, Qinqin. "Computational methods for solving optimal industrial process control problems." Thesis, Curtin University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1227.

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In this thesis, we develop new computational methods for three classes of dynamic optimization problems: (i) A parameter identification problem for a general nonlinear time-delay system; (ii) an optimal control problem involving systems with both input and output delays, and subject to continuous inequality state constraints; and (iii) a max-min optimal control problem arising in gradient elution chromatography.In the first problem, we consider a parameter identification problem involving a general nonlinear time-delay system, where the unknown time delays and system parameters are to be identified. This problem is posed as a dynamic optimization problem, where its cost function is to measure the discrepancy between predicted output and observed system output. The aim is to find unknown time-delays and system parameters such that the cost function is minimized. We develop a gradient-based computational method for solving this dynamic optimization problem. We show that the gradients of the cost function with respect to these unknown parameters can be obtained via solving a set of auxiliary time-delay differential systems from t = 0 to t = T. On this basis, the parameter identification problem can be solved as a nonlinear optimization problem and existing optimization techniques can be used. Two numerical examples are solved using the proposed computational method. Simulation results show that the proposed computational method is highly effective. In particular, the convergence is very fast even when the initial guess of the parameter values is far away from the optimal values.Unlike the first problem, in the second problem, we consider a time delay identification problem, where the input function for the nonlinear time-delay system is piecewise-constant. We assume that the time-delays—one involving the state variables and the other involving the input variables—are unknown and need to be estimated using experimental data. We also formulate the problem of estimating the unknown delays as a nonlinear optimization problem in which the cost function measures the least-squares error between predicted output and measured system output. This estimation problem can be viewed as a switched system optimal control problem with time-delays. We show that the gradient of the cost function with respect to the unknown state delay can be obtained via solving a auxiliary time-delay differential system. Furthermore, the gradient of the cost function with respect to the unknown input delay can be obtained via solving an auxiliary time-delay differential system with jump conditions at the delayed control switching time points. On this basis, we develop a heuristic computational algorithm for solving this problem using gradient based optimization algorithms. Time-delays in two industrial processes are estimated using the proposed computational method. Simulation results show that the proposed computational method is highly effective.For the third problem, we consider a general optimal control problem governed by a system with input and output delays, and subject to continuous inequality constraints on the state and control. We focus on developing an effective computational method for solving this constrained time delay optimal control problem. For this, the control parameterization technique is used to approximate the time planning horizon [0, T] into N subintervals. Then, the control is approximated by a piecewise constant function with possible discontinuities at the pre-assigned partition points, which are also called the switching time points. The heights of the piecewise constant function are decision variables which are to be chosen such that a given cost function is minimized. For the continuous inequality constraints on the state, we construct approximating smooth functions in integral form. Then, the summation of these approximating smooth functions in integral form, which is called the constraint violation, is appended to the cost function to form a new augmented cost function. In this way, we obtain a sequence of approximate optimization problems subject to only boundedness constraints on the decision variables. Then, the gradient of the augmented cost function is derived. On this basis, we develop an effective computational method for solving the time-delay optimal control problem with continuous inequality constraints on the state and control via solving a sequence of approximate optimization problems, each of which can be solved as a nonlinear optimization problem by using existing gradient-based optimization techniques. This proposed method is then used to solve a practical optimal control problem arising in the study of a real evaporation process. The results obtained are highly satisfactory, showing that the proposed method is highly effective.The fourth problem that we consider is a max-min optimal control problem arising in the study of gradient elution chromatography, where the manipulative variables in the chromatographic process are to be chosen such that the separation efficiency is maximized. This problem has three non-standard characteristics: (i) The objective function is nonsmooth; (ii) each state variable is defined over a different time horizon; and (iii) the order of the final times for the state variable, the so-called retention times, are not fixed. To solve this problem, we first introduce a set of auxiliary decision variables to govern the ordering of the retention times. The integer constraints on these auxiliary decision variables are approximated by continuous boundedness constraints. Then, we approximate the control by a piecewise constant function, and apply a novel time-scaling transformation to map the retention times and control switching times to fixed points in a new time horizon. The retention times and control switching times become decision variables in the new time horizon. In addition, the max-min objective function is approximated by a minimization problem subject to an additional constraint. On this basis, the optimal control problem is reduced to an approximate nonlinear optimization problem subject to smooth constraints, which is then solved using a recently developed exact penalty function method. Numerical results obtained show that this approach is highly effective.Finally, some concluding remarks and suggestions for further study are made in the conclusion chapter.

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Книги з теми "Optimal control methods"

Anderson, Brian D. O. Optimal control: Linear quadratic methods. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1990.

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Anderson, Brian D. O. Optimal control: Linear quadratic methods. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1989.

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Bensoussan, Alain. Perturbation methods in optimal control. Paris: Gauthier-Villars, 1988.

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Roland, Bulirsch, ed. Optimal control: Calculus of variations, optimal control theory, and numerical methods. Basel: Birkhäuser Verlagf, 1993.

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Wang, Xinwei, Jie Liu, and Haijun Peng. Symplectic Pseudospectral Methods for Optimal Control. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3438-6.

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Falcone, Maurizio, Roberto Ferretti, Lars Grüne, and William M. McEneaney, eds. Numerical Methods for Optimal Control Problems. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-01959-4.

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Akulenko, Leonid D. Problems and Methods of Optimal Control. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1194-2.

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Akulenko, Leonid D. Problems and Methods of Optimal Control. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994.

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Akulenko, L. D. Problems and methods of optimal control. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994.

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1942-, Lee Sung J., and American Mathematical Society Meeting, eds. Operator methods for optimal control problems. New York: M. Dekker, 1987.

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Частини книг з теми "Optimal control methods"

Locatelli, Arturo. "Second variation methods." In Optimal Control, 221–48. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8328-3_7.

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Simonovits, András. "Optimal Control." In Mathematical Methods in Dynamic Economics, 191–207. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230513532_10.

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Alekseev, V. M., V. M. Tikhomirov, and S. V. Fomin. "Mathematical Methods of the Theory of Extremal Problems." In Optimal Control, 71–153. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-7551-1_2.

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Kupfer, F. S., and E. W. Sachs. "Reduced SQP Methods for Nonlinear Heat Conduction Control Problems." In Optimal Control, 145–60. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7539-4_11.

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Schmidt, Werner H. "Iterative Methods for Optimal Control Processes governed by Integral Equations." In Optimal Control, 69–82. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7539-4_6.

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Blanchini, Franco, and Stefano Miani. "(Sub-)Optimal control." In Set-Theoretic Methods in Control, 337–88. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-8176-4606-6_9.

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Blanchini, Franco, and Stefano Miani. "(Sub-)Optimal Control." In Set-Theoretic Methods in Control, 467–525. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17933-9_10.

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Westphal, L. C. "Other optimal control methods." In Sourcebook of Control Systems Engineering, 645–76. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1805-1_27.

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Westphal, Louis C. "Other optimal control methods." In Handbook of Control Systems Engineering, 601–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1533-3_27.

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Dikoussar, Vassili V. "Continuation Methods in Boundary Value Problems." In Computational Optimal Control, 65–70. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-8497-6_5.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Optimal control methods"

Stępień, Sławomir, and Marcin Chodnicki. "Optimal control of unmanned robotic platform." In 2024 28th International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR), 59–63. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmar62187.2024.10680832.

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Sokolowski, Jan, and Yixin Tan. "Optimal control and optimum design of elasticity system: Topological derivative method for control problem." In 2024 28th International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics (MMAR), 11–16. IEEE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmar62187.2024.10680821.

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Soemarsono, Annisa R., Mardlijah, and Edwar Yazid. "Optimal Control Methods for Fuzzy Optimal Control Problem." In 2023 International Conference on Advanced Mechatronics, Intelligent Manufacture and Industrial Automation (ICAMIMIA). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icamimia60881.2023.10427679.

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Zaffar, Salman, and Attaullah Y. Memon. "Robust and optimal stabilization of uncertain linear systems using LQR methods." In 2014 UKACC International Conference on Control (CONTROL). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/control.2014.6915133.

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Piccoli, Benedetto, and Filippo Castiglione. "Optimal control methods for immunotheraphy." In Control Systems: Theory, Numerics and Applications. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.018.0027.

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REPŠYTĖ, J., and R. SIMUTIS. "APPLICATION OF GENERIC MODEL CONTROL FOR AUTOTROPHIC BIOMASS SPECIFIC GROWTH CONTROL." In Computer Aided Methods in Optimal Design and Operations. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812772954_0023.

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Petit, C., J. M. Conan, T. Fusco, J. Montri, C. Kulcsar, and H. F. Raynaud. "Off-Axis Adaptive Optics with Optimal Control: Laboratory Validation." In Adaptive Optics: Methods, Analysis and Applications. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/aopt.2005.awa4.

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Sklyar, Grigory M., and Grzegorz Szkibiel. "Computer aided modelling of optimal control." In 2012 17th International Conference on Methods & Models in Automation & Robotics (MMAR). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mmar.2012.6347809.

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Fahroo, Fariba, and I. Michael Ross. "Advances in Pseudospectral Methods for Optimal Control." In AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-7309.

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Moore, D. S., S. D. McGrane, M. T. Greenfield, and R. J. Scharff. "Optimal coherent control methods for explosives detection." In SPIE Defense, Security, and Sensing, edited by Thomas George, M. Saif Islam, and Achyut Dutta. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.920944.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Optimal control methods"

Lee, S., S. Guenther, and N. Petersson. Compositional Methods for Schroedinger's Equation with Application to Optimal Control. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1888108.

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Dumbacher, S. Multivariable Methods for the Design, Identification and Control of Large Space Structures. Volume 2. Optimal. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada226699.

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Molotylnikova, Vira. MODERN TYPES OF BODY RELAXATION METHODS AFTER INTENSE PHYSICAL EXERTION. Intellectual Archive, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32370/iaj.2748.

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The article presents varieties and variants of relaxation techniques advisable to use after intense physical exertion. The concept of "relaxation" and understanding of its role in physical education to maintain health and harmonious development of youth are considered. Considering the fact that one of the main trends in sports remains the increase in the intensity of training and the need to improve the results of competitions, the problem of restoring the athlete's performance capacity after physical exertion is extremely relevant today. Understanding the causes of fatigue and the physiological mechanisms of recovery, control over the relevant processes, the rational use of modern methods of body relaxation and means of recovery are important for assessing the impact of physical stress on the body, the effectiveness of training programs, identifying overtraining, determining the optimal rest time after physical exercises, and therefore, are necessary to improve the athlete's training and achieving high results.

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Kularatne, Dhanushka N., Subhrajit Bhattacharya, and M. Ani Hsieh. Computing Energy Optimal Paths in Time-Varying Flows. Drexel University, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17918/d8b66v.

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Autonomous marine vehicles (AMVs) are typically deployed for long periods of time in the ocean to monitor different physical, chemical, and biological processes. Given their limited energy budgets, it makes sense to consider motion plans that leverage the dynamics of the surrounding flow field so as to minimize energy usage for these vehicles. In this paper, we present two graph search based methods to compute energy optimal paths for AMVs in two-dimensional (2-D) time-varying flows. The novelty of the proposed algorithms lies in a unique discrete graph representation of the 3-D configuration space spanned by the spatio-temporal coordinates. This enables a more efficient traversal through the search space, as opposed to a full search of the spatio-temporal configuration space. Furthermore, the proposed strategy results in solutions that are closer to the global optimal when compared to greedy searches through the spatial coordinates alone. We demonstrate the proposed algorithms by computing optimal energy paths around the Channel Islands in the Santa Barbara bay using time-varying flow field forecasts generated by the Regional Ocean Model System. We verify the accuracy of the computed paths by comparing them with paths computed via an optimal control formulation.

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Stepp, Kevin J. Composite Warfare Doctrine - Providing the JFMCC with the Optimal Command and Control Method for Amphibious Operations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada621058.

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Johnson, Derek, and Nigel Clark. PR-746-22204-R01 Review of Technologies to Enable In-situ Valve Service to Reduce Methane Emissions. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), March 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0000058.

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Leaking gas industry valve stem seals are recognized as a substantial source of atmospheric methane, which is a greenhouse gas. Newly proposed regulations include methane alongside volatile organic compound emissions, with leak detection and repair requirements. If a leak is identified a first attempt at repair must occur no later than five calendar days after identification, or else be justifiably delayed. The objective of this report is to review valve technology and methods used to address in-situ valve stem leak repair that offers an economical solution with reduced service disruption. A wide variety of valves are employed in natural gas facilities, with valve stems that rotate or translate, and with seals ranging from packings to O-rings. Low emissions valve designs are available, but turnover of legacy valves is slow. Precise causes of failures are not well documented, although stem misalignment, intrusive dirt, and corrosion may exacerbate seal damage. Injection of lubricants and sealants into the valve packing or seal area offers the simplest remedy for leakage control. However, more work is required to identify optimal sealants for each application and to predict durability of the repair using injection. Safety must be assured where seals must be replaced, but there are varying practices in addressing isolation of the seal area from high pressure gas. Where double block (or isolation) and bleed are required, knowledge of the valve main seal design is essential. Blowdown of line sections may be required, but the methane release is of concern. Methods exist to capture or else oxidize the methane. Opinions on the protection offered by backseating of gate valves varies. Improved understanding and practice will require comprehensive record keeping on the history of each valve, permitting analysis and quality improvement using the resulting operations database. This is key to recommendations in a future roadmap that includes study of failure modes and optimized use of sealants. Monitoring success of repairs would be better served by measuring leak rate than concentration. Record keeping and better understanding of failures and success of repair approaches also support decisions on immediate versus deferred repair, use of sealants, and on whether a valve should be replaced or repaired. Hardware and practice innovations are anticipated in response to leak detection and repair requirements.

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Singh, Anjali. What Is Optogenetics and How Does It Work? ConductScience, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55157/cs20220704.

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Optogenetics is a biotechnological method that combines optical systems and genetic engineering to control and monitor the functions of cells, tissues, and organisms. It involves using light-sensitive proteins called opsins to manipulate specific cells or regions with precision. This technique has revolutionized neuroscience, allowing researchers to study neural circuits and behavior by turning cells on and off. Opsins are categorized into microbial and animal types, each with specific functions. Optogenetic experiments require opsins, suitable plasmids or viral vectors, and a light source. This method has broad applications in neurology, animal behavior, and physiology, providing insights into various biological processes. It is used to map neural circuits, study diseases, and understand behaviors.

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Steele, Dale W., Eduardo L. Caputo, Ghid Kanaan, Michael L. Zahradnik, Elizabeth Brannon, Jennifer B. Freeman, Ethan M. Balk, Thomas A. Trikalinos, and Gaelen P. Adam. Diagnosis and Management of Obsessive Compulsive Disorders in Children. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), December 2024. https://doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer276.

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Background. Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common, chronic, and impairing psychiatric disorder that often begins in childhood or adolescence. Early identification and treatment of OCD is important to prevent a cascade of developmental disruptions lasting into adulthood. The 2012 American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry (AACAP) Practice Parameter recommends cognitive behavioral therapy that incorporates exposure and response prevention (ERP) as a first-line treatment for mild-to-moderate OCD in youth and recommends combined treatment with ERP (if feasible) and a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) for some patients, particularly those with more severe symptoms. Clinical uncertainty exists regarding the optimal treatment strategies (and treatment combinations) that work best for specific populations and settings. In this report, we seek to evaluate the accuracy of brief assessment tools to identify OCD in symptomatic youth (Key Question [KQ] 1) and the effects and harms of treatment options for youth with OCD (KQ2). Methods. We searched Medline®, Cochrane, Embase®, CINAHL®, and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to May 15, 2024. After double screening, we extracted study data, assessed risk of bias, and conducted network and pairwise meta-analyses. We evaluated the strength of evidence (SoE) using standard methods. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (registration number CRD42023461212). Results. We found 117 studies (reported in 161 papers) that met inclusion criteria. Of these, 31 cross-sectional studies pertained to KQ1, diagnosis of OCD. For KQ 2, treatment of OCD, we included 71 randomized controlled trials, 2 nonrandomized comparative studies, and 13 single-arm studies that reported potential treatment effect modifiers. For KQ1, there is insufficient evidence regarding most brief assessment tools. Based on nine studies, the Child Behavior Checklist-Obsessive Compulsive subscale (CBCL-OCS) may have sufficiently high sensitivity and specificity to identify patients for specialist referral and diagnostic evaluation (moderate SoE). For KQ2, meta-analyses indicate that in-person ERP is more effective for OCD symptoms when compared to either waitlist (high SoE) or behavioral control (moderate SoE), and for remission when compared to waitlist (high SOE) or behavioral control (moderate SoE). ERP via telehealth is more effective than waitlist for OCD symptoms (high SoE) and remission (moderate SoE). SSRIs are more effective than placebo for OCD symptoms and global severity (high SoE). Clomipramine is probably more effective than placebo (moderate SoE). When used together, ERP and an SSRI are probably more effective than treatment with an SSRI alone for OCD symptoms (moderate SoE). ERP combined with an SSRI are as effective as ERP alone for OCD symptoms (high SoE). The side effects of SSRIs and clomipramine were inconsistently reported, precluding graded conclusions. Augmentation of ERP with D-cycloserine is as effective as ERP alone to reduce OCD symptoms (high SoE) or global severity (moderate SoE). The evidence was insufficient regarding potential effect modifiers. Conclusion. The diagnosis of OCD relies on expert clinical evaluation, sometimes augmented by semi-structured interviews. The CBCL-OCS may be sufficiently accurate to indicate which youth should be further evaluated for OCD. ERP, delivered in-person or via telehealth, is an effective treatment for OCD in children and adolescents. ERP, alone or in combination with an SSRI, is probably more effective than treatment with an SSRI alone.

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Czaker, Sandra, Thomas Wieland, Moritz Mager, Mohammad Hassan Akhras, and Jörg Fischer. From PP waste to high-quality products: Decontamination of the material throughout the entire recycling process chain using state-of-the-art technologies. Universidad de los Andes, December 2024. https://doi.org/10.51573/andes.pps39.ss.cep.6.

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Turning waste into high-quality products should be the aim of recycling, but it requires considerable effort to separate specific materials from others, clean them properly, and reconvert them into products. Such a process chain of mechanical recycling of post‑consumer polypropylene (PP) from a mixed waste collection was conducted with an advanced combination of state‑of‑the‑art technologies considering the material’s decontamination throughout the different process steps. The levels of solid and volatile contamination were analyzed with an optical control system and a gas chromatographic method, respectively, and were found to decrease in varying amounts throughout the process. The results of this study represent the currently achievable qualities of recycled PP in mechanical recycling and, based on these findings, the recycling process can be further improved.

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Lafrancois, Toben, Mark Hove, and Jay Glase. Zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) distribution in Apostle Islands National Lakeshore: SCUBA-based search and removal efforts: 2019–2020. National Park Service, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293376.

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Invasive zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were first observed in situ at Apostle Islands National Lakeshore (APIS) in 2015. This report builds on 2018 SCUBA surveys and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) veliger sampling to: 1) determine whether shoals on APIS borders act as sentinel sites to corroborate veliger drift hypotheses about invasion pathways, 2) evaluate ongoing hand-removal of zebra mussels from easily identified structures, and 3) continue efforts to assess native unionid mussel populations, particularly where zebra mussels are also present. Standard catch per unit effort survey methods by SCUBA teams were used to determine the distribution and relative abundance of zebra or quagga mussels (dreissenids) and native mussels (unionids). Zebra mussels were present at densities between 3 and 42 n/diver/hr (number of mussels per diver per hour), while native unionids were present at densities between 5 and 72 n/diver/hr. Shoal surveys (Eagle Island shoal, Sand Island shoal, York Island shoal, Bear Island shoal, Oak Island shoal, and Gull Island shoal) showed zebra mussels were more abundant on the west side of APIS and absent on the easternmost shoal (Gull Island), corroborating veliger work by the EPA that suggested drift from the Twin Ports of Duluth, Minnesota, and Superior, Wisconsin, is one pathway of invasion. Our results support the use of shallow shoals along the periphery of the park as sentinel sites gauging zebra mussel immigration and population dynamics. Zebra mussel densities in the central islands showed no obvious spatial pattern, and this survey cannot determine whether currents or human transport (or both) are invasion vectors. Given the mussels’ continued presence at heavily used mooring areas and docks where there are no zebra mussels on nearby natural features (e.g., Rocky Island dock, Stockton Island mooring areas), our findings are consistent with multiple invasion pathways (drift from the Twin Ports and anthropogenic sources at mooring areas). SCUBA search and removal of zebra mussels from docks was confirmed to be an effective method for significantly lowering the risk of zebra mussels reproducing and dispersing from these locations. We caution that this work is being done on what look like initial invasions at low densities. Repeated removal of zebra mussels by divers reduced numbers to zero at some sites after one year (South Twin docks, Stockton Island NPS docks, and the Ottawa wreck) or decreased numbers by an order of magnitude (Rocky Island docks). Dreissenid densities were more persistent on the Sevona wreck and longer-term work is required to evaluate removal versus recruitment (local and/or veliger drift). Given the size of the wreck, we have tracked detailed survey maps to guide future efforts. Zebra mussels were again observed attached to native mussels near Stockton Island and South Twin Island. Their continued presence on sensitive native species is of concern. Native unionid mussels were more widely distributed in the park than previously known, with new beds found near Oak and Basswood Islands. The work reported here will form the basis for continued efforts to determine the optimal frequency of zebra mussel removal for effective control, as well as evaluate impacts on native species.

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