Готові списки джерел за темами / Optical and near-Infrared

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Optical and near-Infrared"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 8 червня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Optical and near-Infrared":

1

Hielscher, A. H., A. Y. Bluestone, G. S. Abdoulaev, A. D. Klose, J. Lasker, M. Stewart, U. Netz, and J. Beuthan. "Near-Infrared Diffuse Optical Tomography." Disease Markers 18, no. 5-6 (2002): 313–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2002/164252.

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Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is emerging as a viable new biomedical imaging modality. Using near-infrared (NIR) light, this technique probes absorption as well as scattering properties of biological tissues. First commercial instruments are now available that allow users to obtain cross-sectional and volumetric views of various body parts. Currently, the main applications are brain, breast, limb, joint, and fluorescence/bioluminescence imaging. Although the spatial resolution is limited when compared with other imaging modalities, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or X-ray computerized tomography (CT), DOT provides access to a variety of physiological parameters that otherwise are not accessible, including sub-second imaging of hemodynamics and other fast-changing processes. Furthermore, DOT can be realized in compact, portable instrumentation that allows for bedside monitoring at relatively low cost. In this paper, we present an overview of current state-of-the -art technology, including hardware and image-reconstruction algorithms, and focus on applications in brain and joint imaging. In addition, we present recent results of work on optical tomographic imaging in small animals.
2

Murray, J. T., N. Peyghambarian, and R. C. Powell. "Near infrared optical parametric oscillators." Optical Materials 4, no. 1 (December 1994): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-3467(94)90056-6.

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3

Kim, Sung-Man, and Hanbit Park. "Optimization of optical wireless power transfer using near-infrared laser diodes." Chinese Optics Letters 18, no. 4 (2020): 042603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202018.042603.

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4

Lingling, Wu, Zhang Huan, and Chen Jing. "Design of near infrared optical system." Journal of Applied Optics 36, no. 2 (2015): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5768/jao201536.0201004.

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5

Zhu, Banghe, and Anuradha Godavarty. "Near-Infrared Fluorescence-Enhanced Optical Tomography." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5040814.

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Fluorescence-enhanced optical imaging using near-infrared (NIR) light developed forin vivomolecular targeting and reporting of cancer provides promising opportunities for diagnostic imaging. The current state of the art of NIR fluorescence-enhanced optical tomography is reviewed in the context of the principle of fluorescence, the different measurement schemes employed, and the mathematical tools established to tomographically reconstruct the fluorescence optical properties in various tissue domains. Finally, we discuss the recent advances in forward modeling and distributed memory parallel computation to provide robust, accurate, and fast fluorescence-enhanced optical tomography.
6

Nafie, Laurence A., Bruce E. Brinson, Xiaolin Cao, David A. Rice, Omar M. Rahim, Rina K. Dukor, and Naomi J. Halas. "Near-Infrared Excited Raman Optical Activity." Applied Spectroscopy 61, no. 10 (October 2007): 1103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370207782217752.

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Measurements of near-infrared scattered circular polarization Raman optical activity (SCP-ROA) are presented using laser excitation at 780 nm for samples of S-(—)-α-pinene and L-alanyl-L-alanine. These are the first measurements of ROA outside the blue-to-green visible region between 488 and 532 nm. Comparison of Raman and ROA intensities measured with excitation at 532 and 780 nm demonstrate that the expected frequency to the fourth-power dependence for Raman scattering and the corresponding fifth-power dependence for ROA are observed. It can be concluded that, to within this frequency dependence, the same level of efficiency of Raman and ROA measurements using commercial instrumentation with 532 nm excitation is maintained with the change to near-infrared excitation at 780 nm.
7

Hai, Pengfei, Junjie Yao, Konstantin I. Maslov, Yong Zhou, and Lihong V. Wang. "Near-infrared optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy." Optics Letters 39, no. 17 (August 28, 2014): 5192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.39.005192.

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8

Piao, Daqing, Hao Xie, Weili Zhang, Jerzy S. Krasinski, Guolong Zhang, Hamid Dehghani, and Brian W. Pogue. "Endoscopic, rapid near-infrared optical tomography." Optics Letters 31, no. 19 (September 11, 2006): 2876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.31.002876.

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9

Kim, Sung-Tae, Ji-Seon Yoo, Min-Woo Lee, Ji-Won Jung, and Jae-Hyung Jang. "CuInSe2-Based Near-Infrared Photodetector." Applied Sciences 12, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12010092.

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Near-infrared (NIR) photodetectors have interesting roles in optical fiber communications and biomedical applications. Conventional NIR photodetectors have been realized using InGaAs and Ge, of which the cut-off wavelengths exceed 1500 nm. Si-based photodetectors exhibit limited external quantum efficiency at wavelengths longer than 1000 nm. By synthesizing a CuInSe2 compound on a glass substrate, photodetectors that can detect optical wavelengths longer than 1100 nm have been realized in this study. The bandgap energies of the CuInSe2 thin films were tuned by varying the Cu/In ratio from 1.02 to 0.87. The longest cut-off wavelength (1309 nm) was obtained from a CuInSe2 thin film having a Cu/In ratio of 0.87. The responsivity of the photodiode was measured under the illumination of a 1064 nm laser light. The photo responses exhibited linear response up to 2.33 mW optical illumination and a responsivity of 0.60 A/W at −0.4 V.
10

Fu, Tairan, Jiaqi Tang, Kai Chen, and Fan Zhang. "Visible, near-infrared and infrared optical properties of silica aerogels." Infrared Physics & Technology 71 (July 2015): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2015.03.004.

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Статті в журналах Дисертації Книги

Дисертації з теми "Optical and near-Infrared":

1

Houston, Jessica Perea. "Near infrared optical lymphography for cancer diagnostics." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/4807.

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A new molecular imaging modality has been developed to detect and locate positive axillary and sentinel lymph nodes non-invasively in breast cancer patients undergoing lymphoscintigraphy. The modality is based on fluorescent photon detection to locate the presence of indocyanine green (ICG) in the lymph subsequent to peritumoral injection of ICG into the breast. The imaging system consists of a gain-modulated intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) camera, which captures low-intensity, near-infrared, and frequency-modulated photons. A four-fold ‘optical lymphography’ study was conducted to (1) examine fluorescence depth penetration and ICCD system accuracy at clinically relevant depths, (2) compare image quality of the ICCD system vs. conventional gamma imaging, (3) measure ICG pharmacokinetics in vivo, and (4) develop a clinical protocol while examining pre-clinical factors such as the outcome of combining ICG with sulfur colloids used in lymphoscintigraphy. The frequency-domain ICCD system was found to precisely detect modulation amplitude, IAC, and phase, θ, at depths up to 9 cm and with IAC accuracy less than 20% and θ less than 2º using an 80-mW laser incident on phantoms having ranging tissue optical properties. Significant differences in the mean depth of penetration owing to 0.62-ns lifetime and 100-MHz frequency increases were detected. An in vivo optical vs. nuclear image quality comparison demonstrated statistically similar (α=0.05) target-to-background ratios for optical (1.4+/-0.3) and nuclear (1.5+/-0.2). Alternatively, resulting image signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) from the ICCD system were greater than that achieved with a conventional gamma camera (pvalue<<0.01). Analysis of SNR versus contrast showed greater sensitivity of optical over nuclear imaging for subcutaneous tumors. In vivo and rapid detection of ICG in the blood-stream of nude mice was accomplished with a home-built avalanche photodiode dynamic fluorescence measurement system. Intensity data upon i.v. injection were regressed with a pharmacokinetic model describing the partitioning of ICG from the blood to the surrounding tissues. ICG blood-clearance was detected approximately 15 min after injection. Lastly, a human subject protocol was written, practiced, and federally approved for the application of optical lymphography. Furthermore, ICG was unaffected when mixed with sulfur colloids thus supporting the feasibility for combining fluorescence imaging with lymphoscintigraphy in breast cancer patients.
2

Lan, Zhaojue. "Spectral tunable organic near-infrared photodetectors." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2020. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/771.

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Filter-free spectral tunable photodetectors (PDs) are critical for a plethora of applications in imaging, indoor light fidelity (Li-Fi), and light communications. The present band-selective light detection is realized by incorporating different optical filters with broadband inorganic semiconductor-based PDs. However, the use of the optical filters reduces the overall performance of these PDs and is not appliable in the emerging flexible and wearable applications. The rapid advancement of the organic semiconductors offers an exciting opportunity for the development of high-performance filter-free spectral tunable organic photodetectors (OPDs). The development of OPDs has attracted tremendous interests because of the tailored optoelectronic properties of the π-conjugated organic semiconductors and the solution fabrication process of the OPDs. Apart from the rapid progresses made in improving the responsivity and detectivity of OPDs, the spectral properties of OPDs also receive intense attention. This Ph.D. research work has been focused on developing a universal strategy to achieve high-performance filter-free band-selective and spectral tunable OPDs. The correlation between the optical profile and responsivity spectrum of the novel OPDs with a bilayer photoactive layer has been investigated. It suggests that the responsivity spectrum of the OPDs can be effectively modulated by managing the optical profile in the bilayer and multilayer photoactive layer. A filter-free band-selective OPD model, comprising a bilayer shorter-wavelength light depletion layer/longer-wavelength light-absorbing layer architecture photoactive layer, has been developed. The depletion layer in the filter-free OPDs has a dual-function serving as a shorter-wavelength light-absorbing layer and a hole-transporting layer. The photodetection spectrum window of the filter-free band-selective OPDs, defined by the difference in wavelengths between the transmission cutoff of the shorter-wavelength light depletion layer and the absorption edge of the longer-wavelength light-absorbing layer, can then be tuned over the different wavelength ranges by using an appropriate combination of the shorter-wavelength light depletion layer and the longer-wavelength light-absorbing layer. A dual-mode OPD, having a trilayer visible light absorber/optical spacer/near-infrared (NIR) light absorber configuration photoactive layer, has been proposed. The dual-mode OPD exhibits electrically switchable NIR response operated under a reverse bias and visible light response operated under a forward bias. In the presence of NIR light, the trap-assisted charge-injection behavior at the organic/cathode interface in the OPDs operated under a reverse bias. The photocurrent is produced in the visible light-absorbing layer, enabled by the trap-assisted charge injection at the anode/organic interface under a forward bias. The developed filter-free band-selective OPDs and electrically switchable dual-mode OPDs provided an attractive alternative optical detection technology to the conventional panchromatic and single-mode OPDs. The spectral tunable photodetection thus demonstrated offers a promising option for new OPD applications.
3

Higgs, Tim D. "Optical and near infrared properties of massive galaxies." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2014. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/optical-and-near-infrared-properties-of-massive-galaxies(de9bfef2-67bd-45f1-bd7d-d54e08566237).html.

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In this thesis, we present a comparison of the evolution of the massive galaxies in the 7.8Gyr since redshift z=1 to the evolution predicted from galaxy formation models. Observing the most massive galaxies in the Universe at high redshift is challenging due to their red colours, owing to both their intrinsically red Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs) and their redshift. In Chapter 1, We produce a method using catalogue-level data to produce matched aperture photometry for the SDSS and UKIDSS surveys in order to extend the wavelength coverage of a sample of galaxies in order to improve the precision with which models can be fitted to photometric data for these high redshift galaxies. Our matched photometry has consistent colours with those of the full processing of SDSS+UKIDSS images performed by the GAMA survey, and produces magnitudes within ∼0.1 magnitudes of the GAMA photometry for all galaxies. This is reduced to within 0.04 magnitudes when all blended sources are excluded. We compute stellar masses by fitting a Maraston et al. (2009) LRG model to both our derived photometry and that of the GAMA processing, and find that our photometry’s best fit stellar masses are within ∼0.2 dex of that which comes from the GAMA photometry, demonstrating that the method is consistent with that of a full processing, and that it is possible to quickly compute matched photometry for large area surveys of complimentary wavelength coverage. This is of vital importance for upcoming surveys e.g. DES, VISTA, EUCLID etc. Fitting Stellar Population Models to galaxy photometry is a widely used technique in order to convert from observables (colours, magnitudes) to physical properties (mass, absolute magnitude, age). In spite of their widespread use, the optical and Near Infrared (NIR) properties of stellar population models are still subject to debate. Two of the most commonly used models are those of (Maraston, 2005) (M05) and (Bruzual & Charlot, 2003) (BC03), which can differ greatly in the NIR due to the M05 models’ inclusion of the TP-AGB phase, which was neglected for BC03 models. We explore the ability of these models to reproduce measured optical+NIR properties of galaxies in Chapter 3. We produce matched optical+NIR photometry for the subsample of the galaxies surveyed by Zibetti et al. (2013) (Z13) which lie within the UKIDSS imaging area in an attempt to reproduce the findings of Z13, who conclude that their optical and NIR spectroscopy is better fit by models from Bruzual & Charlot (2003) than similar models from Maraston et al (2005). We compare the observed optical+NIR Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs) to those of BC03 and M05 models, as well as the approximate Z13 NIR fluxes. Z13 found that M05 models fitted to the optical data and extrapolated into the NIR displayed excess flux in the NIR relative to the data, and BC03 models are better at reproducing the data. However, we show that our data is consistent with both sets of models, and on average brighter in the NIR than that of Z13. We also compare the strength of spectral features in the optical to rest frame optical and optical-NIR colours, and show that our set of Composite Stellar Population (CSP) models agree well with data, with a preference for the M05 models, showing the validity of using these models on massive galaxies. A measurement of the Stellar Mass Function (SMF) of galaxies is a powerful tool in detecting evolution of the galaxy population. With a statistically complete sample of a galaxy population down to a given stellar mass, it is possible to calculate a statistically complete SMF down to this mass. Comparison of the shape of this SMF to that of a similar sample over a different redshift interval allows the evolution of galaxies over this redshift interval to be calculated, in order to determine whether these galaxies are forming stars, merging or simply passively evolving. For this purpose, in 4 compute matched SDSS+UKIDSS photometry for the AA omega KIDSS SDSS (AUS) survey. This is a 145.416 deg² area survey of Luminous Red Galaxies (LRGs) from redshift z∼0.5 to z∼1 located within Stripe 82. We fit this photometry to a Maraston et al. (2009) Luminous Red Galaxy (LRG) template to give stellar masses, and scale masses according to the magnitude difference between the matched photometry and the SDSS model photometry in order to produce “total” stellar masses. We produce a volume-weighted SMF for the survey, and find that our SMF is consistent with the Maraston et al. (2013) SMF from the BOSS survey, meaning that the most massive galaxies in the universe are evolving passively from z=1 to the present day, which is a challenge to hierarchical models of galaxy formation. Comparison of observed SMFs to those produced by galaxy formation models is a method of testing the ability of the models to reproduce the evolution displayed by the real galaxy population. This is therefore a test of the physics included within the models, with the level of agreement between the simulation and the real galaxy SMF being indicative of whether the modelling has incorporated all the processes in action in the real universe. In order to test the ability of the state of the art semi analytical models of Henriques et al. (2013) (H13 hereafter), we compare SMFs of the simulated galaxies to those of the AUS and BOSS surveys in Chapter 5. The H13 galaxies were tailored via the application of both the AUS and BOSS colour and magnitude cuts, and SMFs calculated within lightcones of the same area as the surveys in order to compare equal volumes. Our findings extend the conclusions of Maraston et al. (2013), namely that the most massive galaxies in the simulations are not sufficiently massive to agree with the observed galaxy population at this redshift. By extending this analysis to redshift z∼1, we can confirm that the discrepancy is larger at higher redshift, with the difference between the most massive galaxies in the simulations and those observed being log(ΔM/M⊙) ≃0.2 at z≃0.6–0.7, whereas going beyond this to the range z≃0.7–1 the difference becomes log(ΔM/M⊙) ≃0.25, as can be seen in Figure 5.6, which demonstrates that the simulations are failing to either form, or assemble, the mass quickly enough to reproduce the observations. Instead, the simulations continue to assemble mass through to low redshift at a higher rate than is seen in the galaxy SMF. These discrepancies may indicate that the physics of the simulations is not fully accounting for the real processes in the Universe,and that we do not yet have a model capable of reproducing the galaxy population in the real universe. Clearly semi analytical galaxy simulations need to be modified in order to reproduce the observations, before being further challenged by upcoming spectroscopic surveys of galaxies at redshifts as high as z=2 eg. eBoss, DESI.
4

Pietka-Eddleston, Magdalena. "Optical And Near Infrared Studies of Cluster Galaxies." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.523662.

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5

Black, Leo-Jay. "Near-infrared nano-optical elements using plasmonic nanoantennas." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/410269/.

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In recent years Nanophotonics, the behaviour of light at the nanometer scale has gathered Significant interest with recent advances in nanotechnology. Specifically, nanoantennas can help us access the near and mid-infrared wavelength range. The drivers are that it is a very attractive spectral region for a wide variety of technology applications, such as communications, environmental sensing, biosensing, security and astronomy. This thesis covers the functionality of single plasmonic nanoantennas for polarisation control and nonlinear frequency conversion, characterised by quantitative single-particle extinction spectroscopy and nonlinear optical microscopy. It then moves on to look at the use of plasmonic resonators as coherent absorbers in a mechanically tunable cavity. Finally, it looks at the performance of antennas in surface enhanced Raman (SERS) and IR spectroscopy (SEIRS) using new experimental setups.
6

Rosvick, Joanne Marie. "Optical and near-infrared photometry of old galactic clusters." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq21945.pdf.

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7

Wolters, Stephen D. "Thermal infrared and optical observations of near-Earth asteroids." Thesis, Open University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437781.

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8

Richardson, Mark. "Errors in predicting snow's near-infrared optical grain size." Thesis, University of Reading, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.625443.

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Knowledge of snow's spatial distribution in terms of snow water equivalent (SWE) is important for hydrological forecasting, but current SWE products commonly disagree on regional scales. Assimilating passive microwave observations into a forecast from a physically-based snow model has been suggested to reduce or remove this disagreement, in which case the snow model must produce properties that are relevant to radiative transfer in snow. Here, the SNOWCAN model produces profiles of grain size for comparison with field measurements using contact probe spectroscopy and the impact of considering grain shape or conglomeration type (chain or cluster) is estimated. Prediction error in near-infrared optical grain size is estimated to be ±0.094 mm for all grains, or a possible best-case of ±0.083 mm if grain shape is included. The Helsinki University of Technology microwave radiative transfer model is used with the Cold Land Processes Experiment field data to make a preliminary estimate of the associated errors in simulated microwave brightness temperature difference, which is commonly used in SWE products such as Globsnow. Grain size error is associated with a ±5.1 K error and including grain shape, at best, reduces this error to ±4.5 K. Increasing stratigraphic detail by simulating more layers is an alternative method to reduce error, and layering error is found to increase linearly with snow depth. A single-layer simulation of 100 cm depth is associated with a ±8.7 K error relative to a pack described at the measurement resolution, whereas a 2-layer model is associated with a ±3.9 K error. Further work is required to determine the impact of grain: shape in the microwave regime, rather than the near infrared, but these results suggest that increased stratigraphic detail is a higher priority than including grain shape in order to improve the assimilation of passive microwave observations.
9

Lamour, Tobias Paul. "High pulse energy near-infrared ultrafast optical parametric oscillators." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2509.

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A source-demand in the near- and mid-IR wavelength spectrum exists for various applications such as waveguide inscription, multiphoton imaging, and nonlinear spectroscopy. All of the applications seek for higher repetitions rates for faster processing speed, better signal to noise ratios or to improve the results for applications like laser waveguide inscription. This is in contrast to the high pulse energies, required to drive the nonlinear processes involved with these applications. Available systems are either based on low-energy, high-repetition-rate optical parametric oscillators or high-energy, low-repetition-rate optical parametric amplifiers. In this thesis a sources was developed that can bridge the wide gap between these two extremes, providing sufficient energy to drive nonlinear processes, with repetition rates in the MHz domain. This was achieved by introducing three techniques previously employed for energy scaling in laser cavities. Firstly an exchange from the conventionally used Ti:sapphire pump to a commercial high power Yb:fibre laser system readily scaled the usable pump energy. This was combined with a technique known as cavity-length extension, which allows a lowering of the cavity roundtrip time offering the build-up of pulses with increased energy. In a final stage, cavity-dumping on basis of an acousto-optic modulator was introduced into the a redesigned cavity. The combination of these three techniques, novel to synchronously pumped optical parametric oscillators, enabled the extraction of record-high pulse energies and peak powers
10

Machado, Ana Cristina Moreira. "Optical and near-infrared surveys in star forming regions." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/ESCZ-6L6H6C.

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We have observed several different star formation regions, in top quality observatories: two missions at the Kitt Peak National Observatory, in Arizona, using the 4m and the 0.9m telescopes and two other missions at the Mauna Kea observatory in Hawaii, using the 2.2m optical telescope and the 4m infrared telescope (UKIRT). We have obtained very good quality data, high resolution deep images with seeing of the order of 1 or less, combined with large field of view, with the objective to obtain as much information on each region as possible.In order to probe the more evolved optically visible young stars, we have analyzed surveys to detect H_ emission stars in two very well known star forming regions: NGC 2264 and M 42. They where obtained with a wide field Schmidt telescope associated with the best quality photographic films, providing a survey of an area of 5×5 in the sky and enough sensitivity to reach red photographic magnitudes up to 19 mag, yielding a detection of a much larger number of young stars than previously known. We provide tables with coordinates, finding charts, cross identification with other surveys and magnitudes in public catalogs. Optical narrow-band surveys to detect Herbig-Haro objects are presented as well, for the star forming regions S140 and L1551. In the latter, previous images allowed the determination of proper motion using a cross correlation technique. A modern wide field MOSAIC CCD was used, providing a large scale view of the entire region, as well as high enough resolution (0.26/pix) to detect structure details of the knots inside the shock regions. New Herbig-Haro objects were detected. A possible alignment of the main flow axis with the magnetic field in the cloud is discussed. The same correlation technique was used to measure proper motions in the well known HH 47 jet, using even higher resolution Hubble Space Telescope images (0.1/pix) taken in two epochs. Some other known star forming regions were surveyed at optical and near-infrared wavelengths for a study of both the young sources and the Herbig-Haro objects, in an attempt to relate them and to shed more light into the understanding of the star formation processes in those areas. Two of those regions are presented in this work: the IC 1396N globule and a region called by us the Gulf of Mexico, because of its location in the dark cloud southwest of the North America Nebula. The optical images were obtained in perfect conditions in one of the best observing sites in the world (the Mauna Kea observatory in Hawaii). The surveyed regions were only a few arcminutes wide, but the resolution was good and the areas cover the main region where the star formation processes are occurring. Several new Herbig-Haro objects were found, as well as new H_ emission line stars. The near-infrared observations allowed a view of the interior of the molecular clouds, probing embedded young stars and outflows. In some cases the near-infrared observations lacked the quality necessary for building a comprehensive view of the young sources, and we could not infer physical properties for those stars. But we were able to detect some previously unknown young stars, some of them powering outflows of various types. So far we have seven different star forming regions studied using various techniques, for which we discuss differences and similarities. A few other regions were also observed and their study is planned in the near future. We conclude that the star formation process is much more complex than it was thought a few years ago, and only with the simultaneous use of different techniques applied to several star forming regions will we be able to answer the numerous questions about this process (and probably create many more questions. . . ).
Algumas regiões de formação estelar com características bem diferentes foram medidas em observatórios localizados em alguns dos melhores sítios do mundo: duas missões no Kitt Peak National Observatory no Arizona, Estados Unidos, usando os telescópios de 4m e de 0,9m, e outras duas missões no observatório de Mauna Kea no Havaí, com o telescópio óptico de 2.2m e o telescópio infravermelho de 4m (UKIRT). Obtivemos dados de ótima qualidade, imagens com alta resolução, longo tempo de exposição, com seeing da ordem de 1 ou menos, aliados a grandes campos de visão, com objetivo de obter o maior número possível de informações para cada região. Para procurar por estrelas jovens, porém já mais evoluídas (opticamente visíveis), analisamos buscas feitas por estrelas com emissão em H_ em duas regiões de formação estelar bem conhecidas: NGC 2264 e M 42. As buscas foram feitas usando-se um telescópio Schmidt, com grande campo de visão, associado a filmes fotográficos da melhor qualidade, fornecendo uma pesquisa que cobre uma área de 5×5 no céu e sensibilidade suficiente para alcançar limites de magnitudes no vermelho de até 19 mag, resultando na detecção de um número superior de estrelas do que previamente conhecido. Apresentamos tabelas, cartas de identificação, correlação com levantamentos prévios e magnitudes obtidas em catálogos públicos. Apresentamos também buscas por objetos Herbig-Haro usando imagens ópticas de banda estreita, nas regiões de S140 e L1551. Nesta última, imagens obtidas anteriormente permitiram a determinação de movimentos próprios usando uma técnica de correlação cruzada. Um moderno CCD MOSAIC forneceu uma visão em grande escala de toda a região, bem como resolução (0.26/pix) para se detectar detalhes na estrutura dos nós dentro das regiões de choque. Novos objetos Herbig-Haro foram detectados. Discutimos um possível alinhamento do eixo principal dos jatos com o campo magnético da nuvem. A mesma técnica de correlação foi usada para se medir movimentos próprios no bastante conhecido HH 47, com imagens de resolução ainda maior (0.1/pix) obtidas pelo Hubble Space Telescope em duas épocas distintas. Algumas outras regiões de formação estelar foram pesquisadas em comprimentos de onda no visível e no infravermelho próximo, para um estudo tanto das fontes jovens quanto dos objetos Herbig-Haro, numa tentativa de relacioná-los e melhorar o entendimento dos processos de formação estelar nessas áreas. Duas das regiões observadas são apresentadas neste trabalho: a nuvem globular IC 1396N e uma região chamada por nós de Golfo do México, por sua localização na nuvem escura a sudoeste da Nebulosa América do Norte. As imagens ópticas foram obtidas em condições perfeitas em um dos melhores sítios de observação no mundo (o observatório de Mauna Kea, no Havaí). A região pesquisada tinha tamanho de apenas alguns minutos de arco, mas a resolução foi ótima e as áreas cobrem a região principal onde os processos de formação estão acontecendo. Muitos objetos Herbig-Haro novos foram descobertos, bem como novas estrelas com linhas de emissão em H_ As observações no infravermelho permitem uma visão do interior da nuvem molecular, detectando estrelas jovens embebidas, bem como ejeções de matéria. Em alguns casos, as observações no infravermelho não possuem a mesma qualidade, necessária para se construir uma visão compreensível das fontes jovens, e não pudemos determinar propriedades físicas para estas estrelas. Mas fomos capazes de detectar estrelas até então desconhecidas, algumas delas criando jatos de vários tipos. Até agora sete regiões diferentes foram estudadas com uso de técnicas variadas, para as quais discutimos as diferenças e similaridades. Algumas outras regiões também foram observadas e seu estudo está planejado para breve. Concluímos, através de nosso estudo, que o processo de formação estelar é bem mais complexo do que se acreditava há poucos anos, e que somente o uso de várias técnicas aplicadas a diversas regiões de formação estelar poderá responder às inúmeras questões ainda sem resposta sobre este processo (e provavelmente colocar muitas outras questões . . . ).
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Книги з теми "Optical and near-Infrared":

1

International, Strategic Directions, ed. Visible, UV-visible, and near infrared instruments in the U.S. Los Angeles, CA: Strategic Directions International, 1997.

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2

Peck, Lindamae. Cold regions performance of optical-fiber and pulsed near-infrared intrusion detection systems. [Hanover, N.H.]: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research & Engineering Laboratory, 1994.

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3

Powell, Richard C. Growth and characterization of materials for tunable lasers in the near infrared spectral region. Stillwater, OK: Dept. of Physics, Oklahoma State University, 1988.

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4

Powell, Richard C. Growth and characterization of materials for tunable lasers in the near infrared spectral region: Semi-annual progress report, 1 February 1988-31 July 1988. Stillwater, OK: Dept. of Physics, Oklahoma State University, 1988.

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5

Cubeddu, Rinaldo. Diffuse optical imaging II: 14-17 June 2009, Munich, Germany. Edited by SPIE (Society), Optical Society of America, and European Optical Society. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2009.

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6

David, Benaron, Chance Britton, Ferrari Marco, Società italiana di laser chirurgia e medicina., and Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers., eds. Proceedings of photon propagation in tissues III: 6-8 September 1997, San Remo, Italy. Bellingham, Wash., USA: SPIE, 1998.

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7

Hielscher, Andreas H. Diffuse optical imaging III: 22-24 May 2011, Munich, Germany. Edited by SPIE (Society), Optical Society of America, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Lasermedizin, German Biophotonics Research Program, Photonics4Life (Group), and United States. Air Force. Office of Scientific Research. Bellingham, Wash: SPIE, 2011.

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8

V, Tuchin V., ed. Handbook of optical sensing of glucose in biological fluids and tissues. Boca Raton: Chapman & Hall/CRC, 2008.

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9

Near infrared and optical spectroscopy of FSC10214+4724. [Pasadena, Calif.]: California Institute of Technology, 1995.

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10

Buscher, David F., and Malcolm Longair. Practical Optical Interferometry: Imaging at Visible and near-Infrared Wavelengths. Cambridge University Press, 2015.

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Частини книг з теми "Optical and near-Infrared":

1

Kilic, Ismail Dogu, Roberta Serdoz, Enrico Fabris, Farouc Amin Jaffer, and Carlo Di Mario. "Optical Coherence Tomography, Near-Infrared Spectroscopy, and Near-Infrared Fluorescence Molecular Imaging." In Interventional Cardiology, 91–106. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118983652.ch8.

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2

Myllylä, Teemu, and Vesa Korhonen. "Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Cancer Diagnostics." In Multimodal Optical Diagnostics of Cancer, 195–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44594-2_5.

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3

Barnes, N. P., D. K. Remelius, D. J. Gettemy, and M. R. Kokta. "Cr:YSAG — A Tunable Near-Infrared Laser Material." In Springer Series in Optical Sciences, 136–44. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-47433-3_17.

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4

Hughes, D. H., E. I. Robson, and M. J. Ward. "Optical & Near Infrared Imaging of NGC1275." In Active Galactic Nuclei, 376–78. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0963-2_114.

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5

Marcos-Vidal, Asier, Juan José Vaquero, and Jorge Ripoll. "Optical Properties of Tissues in the Near Infrared: Their Relevance for Optical Bioimaging." In Near Infrared-Emitting Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications, 1–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32036-2_1.

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6

Tirlapur, Uday K., and Clarence Yapp. "Near Infrared Three-Dimensional Nonlinear Optical Monitoring of Stem Cell Differentiation." In Optical Fluorescence Microscopy, 211–29. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45849-5_13.

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7

Guijarro, A., R. F. Peletier, E. Battaner, J. Jiménez-Vicente, R. de Grijs, and E. Florido. "Near-Infrared and Optical Observations of Galactic Warps." In Astrophysics and Space Science Proceedings, 299. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11250-8_49.

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8

De Wilde, Yannick, Paul-Arthur Lemoine, and Arthur Babuty. "Near-Field Optical Microscopy in the Infrared Range." In Thermal Nanosystems and Nanomaterials, 439–67. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04258-4_15.

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9

Caucheteur, Christophe, Clotilde Ribaut, Viera Malachovska, and Ruddy Wattiez. "Immunosensing with Near-Infrared Plasmonic Optical Fiber Gratings." In Biosensors and Biodetection, 47–71. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-6848-0_4.

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10

Zhang, Qi-Wei, and Yang Tian. "Near-Infrared Organic Materials for Biological Applications." In Emergent Micro- and Nanomaterials for Optical, Infrared, and Terahertz Applications, 393–423. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003202608-14.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Optical and near-Infrared":

1

Meng, Yushan, Paul Beckett, Dechuan Sun, and Ranjith Rajasekharan Unnithan. "Near-Infrared Sensitive Plasmonic FET." In Optical Sensors. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/sensors.2023.sm2d.5.

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2

Goldstein, Dennis H., David B. Chenault, Michael G. Gulley, and Kevin D. Spradley. "Near-infrared imaging polarimetry." In International Symposium on Optical Science and Technology, edited by Dennis H. Goldstein, David B. Chenault, Walter G. Egan, and Michael J. Duggin. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.452878.

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3

Eppeldauer, George P. "Near-infrared radiometer standards." In SPIE's 1996 International Symposium on Optical Science, Engineering, and Instrumentation, edited by James M. Palmer. SPIE, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.257155.

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4

Mudge, Jason, Miguel Virgen, and Peter Dean. "Near-infrared simultaneous Stokes imaging polarimeter." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Joseph A. Shaw and J. Scott Tyo. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.828437.

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5

Höfling, S., S. Göpfert, F. Hartmann, C. Schneider, D. Bisping, D. Press, M. Kamp, L. Worschech, and A. Forchel. "Near-infrared semiconductor-nanostructured light detectors." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Marija Strojnik and Gonzalo Paez. SPIE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.896424.

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6

Borycki, Dawid, Oybek Kholiqov, Shau Poh Chong, and Vivek J. Srinivasan. "Interferometric near-infrared spectroscopy (Conference Presentation)." In Optical Coherence Tomography and Coherence Domain Optical Methods in Biomedicine XX, edited by Joseph A. Izatt, James G. Fujimoto, and Valery V. Tuchin. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2214789.

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7

Zhang, Yundong, Zhiwen Chang, Yong Bi, and Zuguang Ma. "Near-infrared Faraday dispersion optical filter." In ICO XVIII 18th Congress of the International Commission for Optics, edited by Alexander J. Glass, Joseph W. Goodman, Milton Chang, Arthur H. Guenther, and Toshimitsu Asakura. SPIE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.354988.

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8

Younus, Othman Isam, Eleni Niarchou, Shivani Rajendra Teli, Zabih Ghassemlooy, Stanislav Zvanovec, and Hoa Le Minh. "Near-Infrared based Optical Camera Communications." In 2022 13th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csndsp54353.2022.9907899.

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9

Makarov, Nikolay S., Jean Starkey, Mikhail Drobizhev, and Aleksander Rebane. "Two-Photon Near-Infrared Cancer Imaging." In Computational Optical Sensing and Imaging. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cosi.2009.jtuc14.

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10

Amochkina, Tatiana, Daniel Hahner, Michael Trubetskov, Hadil Kassab, Ioachim Pupeza, Ferenc Krausz, and Vladimir Pervak. "Ultra-Broadband Near-Infrared/Mid-Infrared Beamsplitter for Bio-Medical Laser Applications." In Optical Interference Coatings. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oic.2022.ta.11.

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A novel ultra-broadband beamsplitter operating in the near-infrared range around 1030 nm and in the mid-infrared range 3-12 µm for bio-medical laser applications was designed and produced. Thin-film materials were ZnS and YbF3.

Звіти організацій з теми "Optical and near-Infrared":

1

Piao, Daqing. Transrectal Near-Infrared Optical Tomography for Prostate Imaging. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada509892.

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2

Dundon, Luke R. Physical Properties of Near-Earth Objects: Optical and Infrared Astronomical Observations. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada416078.

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3

Washburn, Brian R., and Kristan L. Corwin. Molecular Gas-Filled Hollow Optical Fiber Lasers in the Near Infrared. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada563791.

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4

Semendy, Fred, Patrick Taylor, Gregory Meissner, and Priyalal Wijewarnasuriya. Black Silicon Germanium (SiGe) for Extended Wavelength Near Infrared Electro-optical Applications. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada522107.

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5

Sasseen, T. P. An optical and near infrared search for a pulsar in Supernova 1987A. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6223782.

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6

Veloso, Rita Carvalho, Catarina Dias, Andrea Resende Souza, Joana Maia, Nuno M. M. Ramos, and João Ventura. Improving the optical properties of finishing coatings for façade systems. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541592743.

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The need to improve energy efficiency of the building stock has led to a continuous increase in the implementation of exterior thermal insulation systems, such as ETICS. Progressively, these systems are being applied with darker colours, increasing the concern for hygrothermal behaviour and durability. Despite the significant developed studies, very few reports regarding their optical properties are available. The optical and catalytic capacity turns nanomaterials into excellent candidates for use in finishing coatings with high solar reflectance with dark colours without affecting the aesthetic characteristics, thus improving the durability of such coatings. Our study targeted the development of innovative envelope systems by increasing their solar reflectance through new finishing coatings formulations with the inclusion of nanoparticles. For that, it is necessary to develop and optimize nanoparticles formulations to achieve a high near-infrared reflectance. Here, we studied how the incorporation of reflective nanomaterials influence the optical behaviour of a black colourant for a finishing coating, varying the concentration in the coating from 0 to 20%. Such optical performance was experimentally evaluated through spectral reflectance calculations using a modular spectrophotometer, which allowed an understanding of the relation between these properties and the morphological and structural characteristics of the nanoparticles. The results from such studies can help formulate new finishing coatings with increased near-infrared reflectance of buildings façades, using, for instance, more than one type of nanoparticle.
7

Halliburton, Larry E., Nancy C. Giles, and Thomas H. Myers. DEPSCOR-95: Development of Nonlinear Optical Materials for Optical Parametric Oscillator and Frequency Conversion Applications in the Near- and Mid-Infrared. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, August 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada373243.

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8

Gould, R. W., Amone Jr., Sydor R. A., Kohler M., Bissett D. D., and W. P. Application of a Near-Infrared Slope Algorithm to Derive Optical Properties From High-Resolution, Hyperspectral Aircraft Imagery. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada432395.

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9

CIE. CIE 250:2022 Spectroradiometric Measurement of Optical Radiation Sources. International Commission on Illumination, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.25039/tr.250.2022.

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This Technical Report provides basic measurement principles and practical guidance on spectroradiometry of optical radiation sources in the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum in the wavelength range from 200 nm to 2 500 nm. The document primarily deals with spectral measurements of irradiance, radiance, radiant intensity, radiant flux and derivative quantities. The document provides a detailed overview of relevant terminology and basic measurement principles, including those for instrument calibration. It provides practical guidance for identifying, understanding and quantifying relevant measurement uncertainty components. This document replaces CIE 063-1984. Additional details on measurement principles not covered in this document can be found in CIE 214:2014. The document is written in English, with a short summary in French and German. It consists of 94 pages with 41 figures and 3 tables and is readily available from the CIE Webshop or from the National Committees of the CIE.
10

Watson, Nik, Ahmed Rady, Crispin Coombs, Alicia Parkes, Rob Mos, and Ashkan Ajeer. 21st Century Meat Inspector – Project Report. Food Standards Agency, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.hup976.

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Poultry is the most widely consumed meat in the UK, and its effective inspection within processing facilities is essential to ensure regulatory compliance. Poultry inspection is performed manually and is extremely challenging due to the short time available to inspect each bird and the sustained level of concentration required. The project focused specifically on post-mortem inspection of poultry, adopting a benefits realisation approach to determine the requirements for any new technologies and ensure that business benefits are delivered to all stakeholders within the poultry chain. This interdisciplinary project included expertise in a variety of complimentary inspection technologies; optical (visual, Near-Infrared, Infrared, Hyperspectral), X-ray and Ultrasonic and IT-enabled benefits realisation management with the Hartree Centre (STFC), a food business operator (referred to throughout as Food Co.) and CSB as project partners.

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