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Готові списки джерел за темами / Olympic Games (29th : 2008 : Beijing, China)

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Olympic Games (29th : 2008 : Beijing, China)"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 2 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Olympic Games (29th : 2008 : Beijing, China)":

1

Chou, C. C. K., C. Y. Tsai, C. C. Chang, P. H. Lin, S. C. Liu, and T. Zhu. "Photochemical production of ozone in Beijing during the 2008 Olympic Games." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 6 (June 10, 2011): 16553–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-16553-2011.

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Abstract. As a part of the CAREBeijing-2008 campaign, observations of O3, oxides of nitrogen (NOx and NOy), CO, and hydrocarbons (NMHCs) were carried out at the air quality observatory of the Peking University in Beijing, China during August 2008, including the period of the 29th Summer Olympic Games. The measurements were compared to those of the CAREBeijing-2006 campaign to evaluate the effectiveness of the air pollution control measures, which were conducted for improving the air quality in Beijing during the Olympics. The results indicate that significant reduction in the emissions of primary air pollutants had been achieved; the monthly averages of NOx, NOy, CO, and NMHCs reduced by 42.2, 56.5, 27.8, and 49.7 %, respectively. In contrast to the primary pollutants, the averaged mixing ratio of O3 increased by 42.2 %. Nevertheless, it was revealed that the ambient levels of total oxidants (Ox=O3+NO2+1.5NOz) and NOz reduced by 21.3 and 77.4 %, respectively. The contradictions between O3 and Ox were further examined in two case studies. Ozone production rates of 30–70 ppbv hr−1 and OPEx of ~8 mole mole−1 were observed on a clear-sky day in spite of the reduced levels of precursors. In that case, it was found that the concentrations of O3 increased with the increasing NO2/NO ratio, whereas the NOz concentrations leveled off when NO2/NO>8. Consequently, the ratio of O3 to NOz increased to above 10, indicating the shift from VOC-sensitive regime to NOx-sensitive regime. However, in the other case, it was found that the O3 production was inhibited significantly due to substantial reduction in the ambient levels of NMHCs. According to the observations, it was suggested that the O3/Ox production rates in Beijing should have been reduced for the reduction in the emissions of precursors during the Olympic period; however, the nighttime O3 levels were increased for decline in the NO-O3 titration, and the midday O3 peak levels were elevated for the shift in the photochemical regime and the inhibition of NOz formation.

2

Chou, C. C. K., C. Y. Tsai, C. C. Chang, P. H. Lin, S. C. Liu, and T. Zhu. "Photochemical production of ozone in Beijing during the 2008 Olympic Games." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 18 (September 23, 2011): 9825–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-9825-2011.

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Abstract. As a part of the CAREBeijing-2008 campaign, observations of O3, oxides of nitrogen (NOx and NOy), CO, and hydrocarbons (NMHCs) were carried out at the air quality observatory of the Peking University in Beijing, China during August 2008, including the period of the 29th Summer Olympic Games. The measurements were compared with those of the CAREBeijing-2006 campaign to evaluate the effectiveness of the air pollution control measures, which were conducted for improving the air quality in Beijing during the Olympics. The results indicate that significant reduction in the emissions of primary air pollutants had been achieved; the monthly averaged mixing ratios of NOx, NOy, CO, and NMHCs decreased by 42.2, 56.5, 27.8, and 49.7 %, respectively. In contrast to the primary pollutants, the averaged mixing ratio of O3 increased by 42.2 %. Nevertheless, it was revealed that the ambient levels of total oxidant (Ox = O3+NO2+1.5 NOz) and NOz were reduced by 21.3 and 77.4 %, respectively. The contradictions between O3 and Ox were further examined in two case studies. Ozone production rates of 30–70 ppbv h−1 and OPEx of ~8 mole mole−1 were observed on a clear-sky day in spite of the reduced levels of precursors. In that case, it was found that the mixing ratio of O3 increased with the increasing NO2/NO ratio, whereas the NOz mixing ratio leveled off when NO2/NO>8. Consequently, the ratio of O3 to NOz increased to above 10, indicating the shift from VOC-sensitive regime to NOx-sensitive regime. However, in the other case, it was found that the O3 production was inhibited significantly due to substantial reduction in the NMHCs. According to the observations, it was suggested that the O3 and/or Ox production rates in Beijing should have been reduced as a result of the reduction in the emissions of precursors during the Olympic period. However, the nighttime O3 levels increased due to a decline in the NO-O3 titration, and the midday O3 peak levels were elevated because of the shift in the photochemical regime and the inhibition of NOz formation.

3

Milne, C. J., and M. T. M. Shaw. "Travelling to China for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games." British Journal of Sports Medicine 42, no. 5 (April 1, 2008): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2007.038794.

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4

Samatas, Minas. "Surveillance in Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008." Urban Studies 48, no. 15 (October 24, 2011): 3347–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098011422399.

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All post-9/11 Olympic Games and sport mega events deploy super-surveillance systems, as a future security investment, albeit at the expense of rights and freedoms. This paper compares the Athens 2004 and Beijing 2008 Olympic Games’ surveillance systems, to assess their authoritarian effects and legacies in democratic and authoritarian Olympic host regimes. In democratic Greece, memories of the dictatorship have caused reaction and resistance to the perpetuation of the Olympic surveillance systems. In China, the police state has used these systems for Olympic and regime security, reinforcing population and Internet control. Drawing on these two cases, it is demonstrated that post-9/11 Olympic security and surveillance have authoritarian effects, which are dependent on global factors like anti-terrorist and neo-liberal policies, and local factors such as the type of host regime, culture and society. It is also argued that these surveillance systems have an emerging anti-democratic legacy which stretches beyond the hosting of the Olympics.

5

Gibson, Heather J., Christine Xueqing Qi, and James J. Zhang. "Destination Image and Intent to Visit China and the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games." Journal of Sport Management 22, no. 4 (July 2008): 427–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsm.22.4.427.

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Although there is growing awareness of the relationship between hosting mega-sporting-events and destination image, there is little empirical evidence documenting what images people hold before an event. The purpose of this study was to investigate the images young Americans hold of China both as a tourist destination and as the host of the 2008 Olympic Games. Specifically, the relationships among destination image, travel intentions, and tourist characteristics were explored. A total of 350 college students were surveyed before the close of the Athens Olympic Games. Overall, the respondents perceived China and the Beijing Olympic Games positively. Destination image was significantly (p< .05) predictive of the intention to travel to China and the Olympic Games. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that destination image partially mediated the relationship between past international travel experience and intention to travel. The theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed with a view to promoting China as a tourist destination and the host of the Olympic Games.

6

Shaw, Marc T. M., Peter A. Leggat, and Sarah Borwein. "Travelling to China for the Beijing 2008 Olympic and Paralympic Games." Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 5, no. 6 (November 2007): 365–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2007.09.003.

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7

Gao, Y., X. Liu, C. Zhao, M. Zhang, and Y. Wang. "Emission controls versus meteorological conditions in determining aerosol concentrations in Beijing during the 2008 Olympic Games." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 6 (June 14, 2011): 16655–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-16655-2011.

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Abstract. A series of emission control measures were undertaken in Beijing and the adjacent provinces in China during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games on 8–24 August 2008. This provides a unique opportunity for investigating the effectiveness of emission controls on air pollution in Beijing. We conducted a series of numerical experiments over East Asia for the period of July to September 2008 using a coupled meteorology-chemistry model (WRF-Chem). Model can generally reproduce the observed variation of aerosol concentrations. Consistent with observations, modeled concentrations of aerosol species (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black carbon, organic carbon, total particulate matter) in Beijing were decreased by 30–50 % during the Olympic period compared to the other periods in July and August in 2008 and the same period in 2007. Model results indicate that emission controls were effective in reducing the aerosol concentrations by comparing simulations with and without emission controls. However, our analysis suggests that meteorological conditions (e.g., wind direction and precipitation) are at least as important as emission controls in producing the low aerosol concentrations appearing during the Olympic period. Transport from the regions surrounding Beijing determines the temporal variation of aerosol concentrations in Beijing. Based on the budget analysis, we suggest that to improve the air quality over Beijing, emission control strategy should focus on the regional scale instead of the local scale.

8

Gao, Y., X. Liu, C. Zhao, and M. Zhang. "Emission controls versus meteorological conditions in determining aerosol concentrations in Beijing during the 2008 Olympic Games." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 23 (December 12, 2011): 12437–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-12437-2011.

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Abstract. A series of emission control measures were undertaken in Beijing and the adjacent provinces in China during the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games on 8–24 August 2008. This provides a unique opportunity for investigating the effectiveness of emission controls on air pollution in Beijing. We conducted a series of numerical experiments over East Asia for the period of July to September 2008 using a coupled meteorology-chemistry model (WRF-Chem). Model can generally reproduce the observed variation of aerosol concentrations. Consistent with observations, modeled concentrations of aerosol species (sulfate, nitrate, ammonium, black carbon, organic carbon, total particulate matter) in Beijing were decreased by 30–50% during the Olympic period compared to the other periods in July and August in 2008 and the same period in 2007. Model results indicate that emission controls were effective in reducing the aerosol concentrations by comparing simulations with and without emission controls. In addition to emission controls, our analysis suggests that meteorological conditions (e.g. wind direction and precipitation) were also important in producing the low aerosol concentrations appearing during the Olympic period. Transport from the regions surrounding Beijing determined the daily variation of aerosol concentrations in Beijing. Based on the budget analysis, we suggest that to improve the air quality over Beijing, emission control strategy should focus on the regional scale instead of the local scale.

9

Suying, Suying, and Woo-Sung Kim. "Social and Sport Change of the China through 2008 Beijing Olympic Games." Journal of Sport and Leisure Studies 68 (May 31, 2017): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.51979/kssls.2017.05.68.209.

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10

McLeod, Christopher M., Haozhou Pu, and Joshua I. Newman. "Blue Skies Over Beijing: Olympics, Environments, and the People’s Republic of China." Sociology of Sport Journal 35, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.2016-0149.

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During the 2008 Olympic Games, after years of environmental regulations, two months of short-term measures, and opportune weather, Beijing measured a record number of “blue sky days,” at the same time reassuring international athletes and journalists the air was safe for competition and Beijing residents. We use this case to understand how environmental objectives are achieved in sport. Using Bruno Latour’s object-oriented political ecology, we describe the events leading to, during, and after the Games. We argue environmental objectives are possible when environments are made public; this means environmental objects—such as skies and particulate matter—must be assembled and then articulated or, in other words, brought forward and made capable of speech.

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Дисертації з теми "Olympic Games (29th : 2008 : Beijing, China)":

1

Yuan, Jingtao. "Chinese Newspaper Coverage of the Beijing Olympics Games: A Comparative Framing Study of Chinese Media." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10190.

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viii, 89 p. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.
The Olympics games are not only a sport but also a media event. In 2008, China hosted the Olympics Games for the first time. The coverage of the Beijing Olympics Games in the Chinese media can reflect the characteristics of media and societal development in today's China. The study examines qualitatively the use of frames in coverage of the Beijing Olympics Games in 11 dailies and 2 weeklies in China. Four new issue-specific frames are found in the Chinese newspapers. The use of the existing six generic and five issue-specific frames are discussed in the Chinese context. The study finds that the Chinese media get more freedom in some areas that do not have direct links with politics. In the areas related to politics, the government is still controlling the media.
Committee in Charge: Patricia Curtin, Chair; John Russial H. Leslie Steeves

2

Bruce, Kathleen. "Burning protests, the rhetoric of agitation and control of the journey of harmony tour." Scholarly Commons, 2009. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/740.

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This study is a rhetorical analysis of the protests that occurred along the international leg of the 2008 Beijing Olympic torch relay. This study aimed to identify the rhetorical strategies employed by the agitators that were demonstrated along the torch relay. There were two agitative groups: The movement and the counter-movement. The movement began at the start of the torch relay and the counter-movement began demonstrating one week later. There were a number of protest groups in the movement including human rights activists, media rights activists, and environmentalists. However, there was only one distinct group in the counter-movement, pro-China supporters. The movement agitated the Chinese government and their nation's government. To establish the rhetorical strategies and tactics utilized by the two agitative groups and the control groups, this study analyzed the artifact through the model of the rhetoric of agitation and control created by Bowers, Ochs, and Jensen (1993) and symbolic interaction. This study . found that the Chinese government (the control) created the counter-movement to suppress and provide a counter-persuasion to the movement. To achieve this rhetorical strategy the control fully co-opted the rhetorical strategies of the movement. This study also, found that the governments to which the agitators belonged to completely denied the demands of the agitators in order to maintain healthy relations with China.

3

Ho, Kwan-yu, and 何君瑜. "The 2008 Olympic games and the development of Beijing." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45007500.

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4

Ho, Kwan-yu. "The 2008 Olympic games and the development of Beijing /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31573204.

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5

Au-yeung, Wan-man Billy, and 歐陽允文. "Gaining from olympic games legacy on land use improvement: a study on Beijing 2008 games." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42930443.

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6

Gasperik, Dylan. "China's Green Path the way to sustainable development and the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/3727.

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7

Hu, Xiaoqian (Richard). "An analysis of Chinese olympic and elite sport policy discourse in the post-Beijing 2008 Olympic Games era." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/17458.

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This thesis has sought to investigate the development of Chinese elite sport policy after the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games through examining the evolution of the Chinese Olympic discourses and elite sport policy discourses with emphasis on the power and interests reflected and constructed within and by these discourses. This study adopts a Critical Discourse Analysis approach, (founded on Critical Realist premises). The discourse analysis protocol employed is modified from Fairclough s (2005, 2009) framework, also known as Dialectical-Relational Approach, to examine the constitution and implementation of power at the meso and micro levels of relationships within Chinese elite sport. The analysis is based on archival material and semi-structured interviews. Rather than providing a detailed chronology of the Chinese Olympic movement and of Chinese elite sport, the analysis, divided into two main parts, starts with identifying critical periods as the start line of the analysis and points of division that separate these periods. The analysis of the pre-2008 era starts with the year 1993, in which the first Olympic bid by China failed and the second significant reforming policy of Chinese elite sport was published. This section of the thesis consists of an analytic description of the development of Chinese elite sport policy and the analysis of Chinese Olympic discourse and elite sport discourse before the 2008 Olympics. The post-2008 section contains the analysis of these two discourses after the Beijing Games, and develops case studies of three sports, baseball, diving and table tennis, attempting to unveil the development of Chinese elite sport policy in the post-2008 era. From 1993 to 2012, a consistent feature was the concurrent requirement of both reform and of satisfactory elite sport performance, was maintained in Chinese elite sport policy discourse. The power of discourses in relation to these dual goals has varied across the period, has been influenced by a number of factors, and has been maintained by the dominant group within Chinese society and within Chinese elite sport exercising their power over discourse. The thesis argues that the characterisation of Chinese elite sport and of its development has varied with the change in the power relationship between the two sets of goals, which has significantly influenced the key developments and change in Chinese elite sport policy and its governance system.

8

Adi, Ana. "The Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, human rights and China : a framing analysis of advocacy groups , Olympic organizers, international media and online public discourse." Thesis, University of the West of Scotland, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.569037.

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The Olympic Games is a mechanism through which numerous advocacy and political groups compete to frame the media coverage that it generates. These processes are restricted by the relatively fixed guidelines imposed upon Olympic media by the International Olympic Committee (IOC, 2007). Yet, in the past years, the interaction among and communication between communicators, media and various publics has changed dramatically through the Internet one of the reasons being the emergence of convergent media structures. This thesis investigates the process of media convergence and transition that is occurring within the Olympic infrastructures as seen during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. Employing Entman’s (1993) framing theory as a theoretical background, this thesis analyses how ideology influenced the framing of China and discourses about its human rights record. Using online data collected during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, the thesis examines how discourse about China’s human rights changes from the official materials released by advocacy groups (Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch) and Olympic organizers (The Beijing Organizing Olympic Committee – BOCOG - and The International Olympic Committee – IOC) into online, international traditional media outlets (CNN, BBC, CCTV Channel 9, New York Times, Chicago Tribune, Guardian, The Telegraph, People’s Daily, China Daily) to the online readers that left comments for the media outlets. As such, employs qualitative and quantitative methods as well as traditional and computer assisted analysis to analyse the framing functions human rights had in different discourses. By integrating framing with the hegemonic thesis, it presents framing as a dynamic process, conceptualizing it as a strategy of constructing and processing news and as a characteristic of the discourse itself.

9

Wang, Weiming. "The significance of hosting the 2008 Olympic Games for elite sport and sport for all in China." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6140.

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This thesis explores the significance of hosting the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games (OGs) on elite sport and sport for all development in China. The impacts of the OGs have received significant attention from both academics and practitioners worldwide in the last 20 years and attention has been predominantly paid to political, cultural, economic, and environmental impacts of hosting them, especially as these emerge after the event. However, little concern was given to changes in the host country s sport development that are due to games related preparations. This study identifies the characteristics of the sport system, the policy actors, and how such actors were involved in preparations for the 2008 OGs, and it also outlines the development of policy concerning elite sport and sport for all. A case study approach was adopted focusing on the 2008 OGs. Adopting a qualitative methodology, the study utilised document analysis and semi-structured interviews to elicit data regarding the significance of preparations for the 2008 OGs on elite sport and sport for all. Globalisation, governance and policy making were found to be useful lenses through which to explore the processes of the emergence of such impacts. This thesis found that central government and the General Administration of Sport (GAOS) were the two most powerful policy actors in both elite sport and sport for all development in China, and made decisions as regards how to develop China s sport taking the opportunities of hosting the 2008 OGs. The research reveals that preparations for the 2008 OGs have various impacts on the elite sport and sport for all sectors. On one hand, the impacts can be witnessed in increased funding, more attention received from central government and GAOS, more sport policies, increased number of sport venues, new and updated facilities and equipment, technological, scientific and medical support, and increased sport participation; on the other hand, through providing such support, GAOS exerted its control over non-governmental organisations and individuals, such as via the restrictions by GAOS on athletes commercial activities, and national competitions. The research found evidence that globalisation had influenced China s general governance (including sport governance) process since the 1970s, with governance becoming more privatised and decentralised. However, sport governance took a different path after China won the bid in 2001. Against the backdrop of decentralisation having been previously officially adopted for Chinese sport governance, the research revealed that in pursuit of the aim of winning more medals in the 2008 OGs temporarily recentralisation occurred as required by central government and GAOS. The research also revealed that increased numbers of policies were produced to develop both elite sport and sport for all, however the interests of the public had not always been satisfied because of China's closed policy making process. Therefore, some impacts had not turned out as expected for the public.

10

Gong, Chen Cong. "The symbolic power in the emblem of the Games of the 2008 Olympiad." Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1636341.

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Книги з теми "Olympic Games (29th : 2008 : Beijing, China)":

1

Guile, Melanie. Beijing Olympic Games 2008. Oxford: Heinemann Library, 2008.

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2

she, Wu zhou chuan bo chu ban. 2008 Olympic memory of China. [Beijing]: China Intercontinental Press, 2008.

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3

Nie, Dongfeng, Jiabin Wang, and Rong'an Yu. Beijing Ao yun hui yu Aolinpike yun dong: Beijing Olympic games and Olympic movement. 8th ed. Xi'an Shi: Xi bei gong ye da xue chu ban she, 2007.

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4

Wang, Chang. Beijing ao yun da shang ji. 8th ed. Beijing Shi: Jing hua chu ban she, 2001.

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5

"Beijing ao yun di tu" bian ji bu. Beijing ao yun di tu: Beijing 2008 guide. 8th ed. Guilin: Guangxi shi fan da xue chu ban she, 2008.

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6

Lianxiang, Sa, and Ma Jiucheng, eds. Aolinpike yu Beijing Ao yun: 2008 qi dai yu ze ren = Olympic & Beijing : 2008 expectation & duty. 8th ed. Beijing: Xin hua chu ban she, 2007.

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7

Zhao, Zaijiu. Beijing Ao yun hui cheng gong bao dian: Beijing Aoyunhui chenggong baodian. 8th ed. Beijing Shi: Min zu chu ban she, 2007.

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8

Lianxiang, Sa, and Ma Jiucheng, eds. Aolinpike yu Beijing Ao yun: 2008 qi dai yu ze ren = Olympic & Beijing : 2008 expectation & duty. 8th ed. Beijing: Xin hua chu ban she, 2007.

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9

Mertz, Stephen. Dragon games. Waterville, Me: Five Star, 2010.

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10

Guile, Melanie. Olympic Games 2008: History of the Olympic Games. Port Melbourne: Heinemann Library, 2008.

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Частини книг з теми "Olympic Games (29th : 2008 : Beijing, China)":

1

"SPORT AND POLITICS: THE 2008 BEIJING OLYMPIC GAMES." In The European Union and China, 103–20. Brill | Rodopi, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789042027428_008.

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2

"Primary Security Risks Asociated with the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games." In The China Society Yearbook, Volume 3, 243–56. BRILL, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789047426967_015.

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3

Fung, Courtney J. "Status and Intervention in Darfur, Sudan 2004–2008." In China and Intervention at the UN Security Council, 63–87. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198842743.003.0004.

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Chapter 4 analyzes China’s decision to shift its position on intervention in Sudan over the Darfur crisis. China went from viewing Sudan’s problems as domestic affairs not for the UN Security Council’s purview, to actively supporting intervention. China wrangled and effectively “enforced” consent from Khartoum for a UN Charter Chapter VII peacekeeping mission, and acquiesced to a referral of the Sudan case to the International Criminal Court, which led to an indictment of sitting President Omar al-Bashir. Though this case is popularly understood as being determined by material drivers—like shielding the Sino-Sudanese economic relationship, or addressing the reputational threat of the “Genocide Olympics” to the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games—the chapter demonstrates that status is the key variable to explain China’s shifting position. Under mounting pressure from both the great powers (the “P3” of the United States, the United Kingdom, France) and the African Union, in particular, China gravitated to supporting and permitting intervention with a yes vote for the UN-AU Hybrid Peace Operation (UNAMID) and an abstention vote for an International Criminal Court referral in 2005, and again in 2008.

4

"Sports management: a forecast of the performance of China in the Beijing Olympic Games 2008 and the underlying performance management issues." In The Research Process in Sport, Exercise and Health, 62–83. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203126394-11.

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Toal, Gerard. "Why Does Russia Invade Its Neighbors?" In Near Abroad. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190253301.003.0007.

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Анотація:

It was supposed to be China’s coming-out party, a moment in the global spotlight affirming its arrival as an economic superpower. But hours before the opening ceremonies of the 2008 Beijing Olympics, news of a war in the Caucasus flashed across the world’s TV screens. On the southern slopes of the Caucasus Mountains, the state of Georgia launched a military offensive against South Ossetia, a small breakaway territory beyond its control since the Soviet collapse. Georgia’s offensive quickly brought Russia to the defense of its local Ossetian allies. As Soviet-era tanks rolled through the Roki tunnel, the only land connection between South Ossetia and Russia, Russian aircraft bombed Georgian targets in the region and beyond. For the first time since the Cold War ended, Russia was invading a neighboring state. Instead of glowing stories about China, speculation about a new Cold War filled the front pages of the Western press. Yet within a week the war was over and a ceasefire agreed. Thereafter a rapidly moving global financial crisis displaced what seemed a harbinger of geopolitical rupture to an afterthought. As quickly as it had flared, the Russo-Georgian war disappeared, and with it talk of a return to geopolitics past. Six years later Russia was in the global spotlight as host of the XXII Olympic Winter Games in Sochi, located on the shores of the Black Sea at the western end of the Caucasus Mountains. Despite well-grounded fears of terrorism, the Olympics were a triumph for Russia and its leadership. Yet a few days later, the world recoiled in shock as Russia once again invaded a neighboring state. Responding to a perceived “fascist coup” in Kyiv, unmarked Russian military personnel seized control of the Ukrainian province of Crimea, once part of Soviet Russia and home to Russia’s Black Sea Fleet. A hastily organized referendum followed, creating the appearance of legitimacy for Russia to formally annex the province, and the city of Sevastopol, in late March 2014.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Olympic Games (29th : 2008 : Beijing, China)":

1

Li, Bin, Jiasong Fang, and Fangang Zeng. "Changing Characteristics of PAH Pollutants in the Aerosols in the Zhongguancun Area of Beijing During the 29th Olympic Games and Winter 2008." In 2009 3rd International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2009.5162486.

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