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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Offshore gas industry Accidents Statistics"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Offshore gas industry Accidents Statistics"

Collia, Demetra V., and Roland L. Moreau. "SafeOCS Industry Safety Data Program: An Industrywide Safety Data Management Framework." Journal of Petroleum Technology 72, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/1220-0034-jpt.

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Introduction In the aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, the oil and gas industry, regulators, and other stakeholders recognized the need for increased collaboration and data sharing to augment their ability to better identify safety risks and address them before an accident occurs. The SafeOCS program is one such collaboration between industry and government. It is a voluntary confidential reporting program that collects and analyzes data to advance safety in oil and gas operations on the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS). The US Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) established the program with input from industry and then entered into an agreement with the US Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS) to develop, implement, and operate the program. As a principal statistical agency, BTS has considerable data-collection-and-analysis expertise with near-miss reporting systems for other industries and the statutory authority to protect the confidentiality of the reported information and the reporter’s identify. Source data submitted to BTS are not subject to subpoena, legal discovery, or Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) requests. Solving for the Gap Across industries, companies have long realized the benefits of collecting and analyzing data around safety and environmental events to identify risks and take actions to prevent reoccurrence. These activities are aided by industry associations that collect and share event information and develop recommended practices to improve performance. In high-reliability industries such as aviation and nuclear, it is common practice to report and share events among companies and for the regulators to identify hidden trends and create or update existing recommended practices, regulations, or other controls. The challenge for the offshore oil and gas industry is that industry associations and the regulator are typically limited to collecting data on agency-reportable incidents. With this limitation, other high-learning-value events or observed conditions could go unnoticed as a trend until a major event occurs. This lack of timely data represented an opportunity for the industry and the offshore regulator (BSEE) to collaborate on a means of gathering safety-event data that would allow for analysis and identification of trends, thereby enabling appropriate interventions to prevent major incidents and foster continuous improvement. The SafeOCS Industry Safety Data (ISD) program provides an effective process for capturing these trends by looking across a wider spectrum of events, including those with no consequences.

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Huynh, Tin Trung, and Vinh Trong Bui. "Application of quantitative risk assessment on offshore oil & gas industry." Science and Technology Development Journal 17, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v17i3.1476.

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Production of Oil & Gas in offshore involves some of the most ambitious engineering projects of the modern world, is a prime source of revenue for many countries. It is also involved risks of major accidents which have been demonstrated by disaster on the UK production platform Piper Alpha. Major accidents represent the ultimate, most disastrous way in which an offshore engineering project can go wrong. Accidents cause death, suffering, environmental pollution and disruption of business. To ensure all risks identified and controlled, risk management approaches need applying. This paper discusses the application of quantitative risk assessment approaches and its importance throughout the entire offshore installation.

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Kharionovskiy, V. V. "Offshore Pipeline Safety." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 5 (May 2022): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2022-5-7-14.

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Due to the nature of the development of gas transmission network, the problem of ensuring reliability and safety of the underwater gas pipelines was practically exhausted by the calculation of underwater crossings through the rivers, lakes, and other water barriers. However, in recent years in connection with the development of oil and gas fields on the shelf, and the globalization of the gas transmission network, the question came up related to designing, building, and subsequently ensuring the stable operation of the offshore deep-water pipelines. Individual information about the accident rate of the offshore pipelines is given. They mainly concern the coastal pipelines transporting raw materials from the offshore production platforms to the onshore terminal. The largest number of accidents is typical for the pipelines of small diameters (2–6 inches) — 59 % of their total number. A group of medium-diameter pipelines (8–16 inches) accounts for 32 % of accidents. Pipelines of large diameter (18–36 inches) are the least susceptible to damage — about 3 % of accidents. In recent decades, the offshore main gas pipelines were widely used and are considered as the most promising way of transporting gas due to higher reliability, safety, and environmental friendliness, as well as the advantages of direct Analysis is presented in the article concerning the accident rate and features of failures of the offshore gas pipelines. The criteria of limit states and the algorithm for calculating the stress-strain state of the offshore pipeline, which are the main part of the safety assessment, are given. Methodology for the safety of the offshore gas pipelines was developed, based on which the example of the safety assessment of the Blue Stream gas pipeline is given. The materials of the article were used in the development of the projects for the offshore gas pipelines and are also included in the industry regulatory document.

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Downie, Margaret, and Denise Gosling. "Offshore Helicopter Travel: Is the U.K. Oil and Gas Industry Failing Workers?" NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 29, no. 4 (November 9, 2019): 504–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1048291119887189.

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In the United Kingdom, oil and gas workers have been transported by helicopter to their workplace at offshore installations for more than fifty years. During that time, there have been numerous fatal helicopter accidents. Despite calls from trade unions, families, and politicians, a public inquiry has never been held into offshore helicopter transport. The authors consider whether enough has been done to ensure the safety of these workers to meet legal and ethical standards. They analyze the legal position, the implementation of recommendations made in the wake of these accidents, and the way in which the power imbalance between oil and gas companies and helicopter operators influences safety in this area. They conclude that a public inquiry is required into helicopter safety in the U.K. Continental Shelf area.

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Zhu, Gaogeng, Guoming Chen, Jingyu Zhu, Xiangkun Meng, and Xinhong Li. "Modeling the Evolution of Major Storm-Disaster-Induced Accidents in the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 12 (June 13, 2022): 7216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127216.

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Storm disasters are the most common cause of accidents in offshore oil and gas industries. To prevent accidents resulting from storms, it is vital to analyze accident propagation and to learn about accident mechanism from previous accidents. In this paper, a novel risk analysis framework is proposed for systematically identifying and analyzing the evolution of accident causes. First, accident causal factors are identified and coded based on grounded theory (GT). Then, decision making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) is integrated with interpretative structural modeling (ISM) to establish accident evolution hierarchy. Finally, complex networks (CN) are developed to analyze the evolution process of accidents. Compared to reported works, the contribution is threefold: (1) the demand for expert knowledge and personnel subjective influence are reduced through the data induction of accident cases; (2) the method of establishing influence matrix and interaction matrix is improved according to the accident frequency analysis; (3) a hybrid algorithm that can calculate multiple shortest paths of accident evolution under the same node pair is proposed. This method provides a new idea for step-by-step assessment of the accident evolution process, which weakens the subjectivity of traditional methods and achieves quantitative assessment of the importance of accident evolution nodes. The proposed method is demonstrated and validated by a case study of major offshore oil and gas industry accidents caused by storm disasters. Results show that there are five key nodes and five critical paths in the process of accident evolution. Through targeted prevention and control of these nodes and paths, the average shortest path length of the accident evolution network is increased by 35.19%, and the maximum global efficiency decreases by 20.12%. This indicates that the proposed method has broad applicability and can effectively reduce operational risk, so that it can guide actual offshore oil and gas operations during storm disasters.

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Kulkarni, Ajit C. "Saturation diver fatality due to hydrogen sulphide while working on a subsea pipe line." Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine Journal 51, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.28920/dhm51.1.94-97.

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In the offshore oil industry, Multipurpose Support Vessels with extensive diving capability are used for inspection, maintenance and repair of subsea pipelines. The diving industry has developed systemic safety checks and strict regulatory control after a number of fatal accidents in early years. However, accidents do continue to occur and, when involving divers in the water, are often fatal. Hydrogen sulphide (H2S), called ‘sour gas’ in an oil field, is produced by the action of anaerobic bacteria on sulphate containing organic matter. A highly toxic gas, it remains a constant danger for offshore oil industry workers who must remain vigilant. Crude oil and gas produced in these oilfields is called ‘sour crude’ and pipelines carry this crude with varying content of dissolved H2S to shore for processing. Divers are routinely called to attend to leaking pipelines and come in contact with this crude. Their hot water suits and umbilical lines are often covered with crude containing dissolved H2S. There is always a possibility that these may enter and contaminate the bell environment. Such a case leading to fatality is reported here.

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Chou, Jui-Sheng, Pin-Chao Liao, and Chung-Da Yeh. "Risk Analysis and Management of Construction and Operations in Offshore Wind Power Project." Sustainability 13, no. 13 (July 5, 2021): 7473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137473.

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Many countries have increased the use of renewable energy and strongly promoted offshore wind power (OWP). However, OWP in Asia is in the preliminary stage of development, for which no precedents exist. The literature on wind energy generation has mostly investigated the causes of onshore wind turbine accidents and risk prevention, and more work on the risks associated with domestic OWP is required for energy market development. According to statistics on international wind power accidents, most offshore accidents occur in the construction and operation stages. Therefore, this work investigates risk management in the construction and operations of offshore windfarms in Taiwan. The goal is to help decision-makers to understand better the risks of the industry and so more effectively manage them. In this study, risk factors are identified from organizing data in the literature, and research methods and action strategies are developed. Research and analysis follow the risk management steps in the PMBOK® Guide (A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge). The risk rankings and preventive measures that are based on the results of this study can serve as references for relevant industry personnel in island cities and nearby Asian countries to reduce risk in the management of OWP projects.

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Onshus, Tor, Lars Bodsberg, Stein Hauge, Martin Gilje Jaatun, Mary Ann Lundteigen, Thor Myklebust, Maria Vatshaug Ottermo, Stig Petersen, and Egil Wille. "Security and Independence of Process Safety and Control Systems in the Petroleum Industry." Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy 2, no. 1 (February 12, 2022): 20–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcp2010003.

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The developments of reduced manning on offshore facilities and increased information transfer from offshore to land continue and may also be a prerequisite for the future survival of the oil and gas industry. A general requirement from the operators has emerged in that all relevant information from offshore-located systems should be made available so that it can be analysed on land. This represents a challenge to safety in avoiding negative impacts and potential accidents for these facilities. The layered Purdue model, which helps protect OT systems from unwanted influences through network segregation, is undermined by the many new connections arising between the OT systems and the surroundings. Each individual connection is not necessarily a problem; however, in aggregate, they add to the overall complexity and attack surface thereby exposing the OT systems to increased cyber risk. Since the OT systems are critical to controlling physical processes, the added connections represent a challenge not only to security but also to safety.

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Cabrera, Jairo H., and Cinthya Marcela Medina. "Analysis of Operational and Seakeeping aspects in the Design of PSV type for the Colombian Caribbean Sea." Ciencia y tecnología de buques 10, no. 19 (July 21, 2016): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.25043/19098642.140.

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Colombia is currently searching for oil and gas at sea as new exploratory frontiers so as to incorporate new reserves. With the beginning of maritime operations comes the need for large offshore structures that allow the extraction and separation of oil and gas before transporting it to land. Most of these platforms require specific support and supply vessels, carrying a variety of loads, from liquid and bulk up general cargo, and various specific activities such as towing, rescue staff in case of accidents, firefighting and positioning anchor handling. In the offshore industry, these are known as PSV (Platform Supply Vessels). e main purpose of this work is the hydrodynamic PSV considering the environmental and operational conditions of the Colombian Caribbean including a case study.

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Дисертації з теми "Offshore gas industry Accidents Statistics"

Sutherland, V. J. "Stress and accidents in the offshore oil and gas industry." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.383790.

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Gordon, Rachael P. E. "The contribution of human factors to accidents and near misses in the offshore oil and gas industry : development of a human factors investigation tool." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2002. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=191755.

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This thesis examines the methods used by high reliability industries to collect incident data regarding the human factors causes and uses this information to develop a tool for the investigation of accidents and incidents. The focus is the UK offshore oil gas industry, where attention to human behaviour in incident analysis has increased in importance with the reliability of technology. It is proposed that such analysis is also applicable to other high reliability organisations. Reviews of accident causation research, incident reporting and investigation systems, as well as safety climate studies, have provided the basis for three empirical studies. Two reporting forms and one investigation tool have been designed and tested in the offshore oil and gas industry. The first reporting form contains 11 open questions to be completed by the witnesses to incidents. The second reporting form contains 166 questions, which provide more cues for the users to describe the possible causes of the incident. The human factors investigation tool (HFIT) is a more complex method of collecting incident data and contains a total of 391 questions to aid investigators determine the contributing factors to the incident. This thesis provides some evidence that the two reporting forms and the investigation tool have improved the investigation of the human factors causes of incidents over and above the oil companies existing systems. This was accomplished by applying psychological theories and methods successfully used in other industries to develop the reporting and investigation system which focus mainly on the human and organisational causes of accidents. HFIT combines aspects from a number of investigation tools currently used in other industries, such as processes for investigation and causal codes. In addition, the question set of categories, elements, sub-elements and item codes has been developed as a computer programme which is a unique system for incident investigation. The system includes an original set of team working and safety culture questions based on current research in these areas.

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Martinovich, Tony. "Factors influencing the incidence rates of injuries and accidents among seafarers and rig workers providing support to the WA offshore oil and gas industry." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1084.

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The aim of this study was to identify, discuss and make recommendations regarding causal factors associated with injuries and accidents among seafarers and rig workers providing support to the WA offshore oil and gas industry. These incidents cause significant personal and economic burdens for employees, employers and the community in general. A sample of 484 participants were recruited from a workforce of 9800 employees (approximately 5%). Participants were stratified into 2 cohorts; those who had suffered injury (286 – study group) and those who had not (198 - controls). Data from the study group were stratified into oilrig workers and vessel seafarers. A one-way analysis of variance revealed that the injury incidence rate for the seafarers in the study group was significantly higher (mean 14.4 injuries) in the first quarter of each multi week work period ( "swing") (P=0.001), compared to means of 4.125 and 2.44 and 4 for the subsequent quarters. For the oil rig workers, the mean injury incidence rates across the four quarters remained similar. It was recommended that a safety officer be assigned to each vessel to support workers for the 1st quarter of each swing. Implementation of this practice has been trialled in another study leading to a reduction in the number of incidents over a 12 month period (Brown, 2009). Other factors that influenced injury incidence rates were age and level of experience, with younger and less experienced workers being more injury prone. Encouraging older, experienced workers to mentor younger employees and to manage their workload according to their physical capabilities will be a useful intervention. The implementation of these recommendations will reduce the injury incidence rate of this unique cohort of employees thus reducing the economic burden of injuries and accidents to the employee, the employer and the community in general.

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Книги з теми "Offshore gas industry Accidents Statistics"

Tracey, Lloyd. Accidents associated with oil & gas operations: Outer continental shelf, 1956-1986. Vienna, VA: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, 1988.

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Tracey, Lloyd. Accidents associated with oil and gas operations: Outer continental shelf, 1956-1990. Herndon, VA: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, 1992.

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Cotton, Ulysses. Accidents associated with oil and gas operations: Outer continental shelf, 1991-1994. [Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, 1995.

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Sutherland, Valerie J. Stress and accidents in the offshore oil and gas industry. Houston: Gulf Pub. Co., 1991.

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Robert J. Meyers & Associates. and Research Planning Institute (Columbia, S.C.), eds. Oil spill response guide. Park Ridge, N.J., U.S.A: Noyes Data Corp., 1989.

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Sutherland, Valerie J. Man and accidents offshore: An examination of the costs of stress among workers on oil and gas rigs. Colchester, Essex: Lloyd's List, Dietsmann (International), 1986.

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1940-, Cooper Cary L., ed. Man and accidents offshore: An examination of the costs of stress among workers on oil and gas rigs. London: Lloyd's, 1986.

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Pausina, Frank. Investigation of fall with fatality, High Island block A-368, OCS-G 02433, June 5, 2003: Gulf of Mexico off the Texas coast. [New Orleans, La.] (1201 Elmwood Park Blvd., New Orleans 70123-2394): U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Regional Office, 2004.

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Malancon, J. Michael. Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf daily oil and gas production rate projections from 1999 through 2003. New Orleans: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Regional Office, 1999.

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Melancon, J. Michael. Gulf of Mexico Outer Continental Shelf daily oil and gas production rate projections from 2002 through 2006. New Orleans: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Minerals Management Service, Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, 2002.

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Частини книг з теми "Offshore gas industry Accidents Statistics"

Sharp, John V., and Gerhard Ersdal. "Overvview of Underwater Inspection and Repair for Ageing Offshore Structures." In Ageing and Life Extension of Offshore Facilities, 277–85. ASME, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.885789_ch22.

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Underwater inspection, monitoring and repair (IMR) are increasingly important for offshore structures, particularly in the life extension phase. In many cases, such ageing structures are experiencing an increasing amount of damage and degradation and it is vital for the integrity of these structures that these are detected, located, sized and repaired if required. Techniques for these have been developed over many years with growing experience. Monitoring may become an essential part of continuous managing the safety of such structures. A significant amount of work has been undertaken in the area of IMR over the years since the start-up of the offshore oil and gas industry. This paper aims to give a brief review of the history and techniques of underwater inspection, monitoring and repair of offshore structures. The following topics will be described: Life extension assessment should be based on a thorough understanding of the condition and configuration of a structure, established through inspection and monitoring. Hence, the above-mentioned topics are highly relevant for ageing and life extension. Experience has shown that a proper inspection and repair regime can contribute to avoiding structural accidents. For ageing structure an increased number of interventions and repairs place more demands on the technology and personnel available.

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Bernardino, Angelo F., Erik E. Cordes, and Thomas A. Schlacher. "The natural capital of offshore oil, gas, and methane hydrates in the World Ocean." In Natural Capital and Exploitation of the Deep Ocean, 111–26. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198841654.003.0006.

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Over half of the global energy consumption is based on fossil fuels that are now mainly extracted from ocean depths below 150 m. These hydrocarbon reserves are thus a significant natural capital from deep oceans that support human well-being. Technological advances have guided the offshore deep-sea explorations to virtually all major ocean basins with thousands of wells being drilled on the deep seafloor to reach reserves that now support a significant part of the global markets. However, the environmental footprint of the oil and gas industry is significant and arises from regional impacts of regular operations on deep-sea ecosystems, from major disasters, or day-to-day accidents that spill millions of gallons of oil into the oceans each year, and from a significant contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and its climate effects globally. This is despite the general compliance with a wide array of environmental and political regulatory frameworks globally. The contrast from energy and market demand for fossil fuels against a background of environmental costs and impacts into the deep sea as exploration advances has not previously been examined. Here we apply the natural capital concepts of stock value of hydrocarbon reserves and contrast their financial and human value to the social and economic costs of their exploration and social costs from impacts on ecosystem services. We suggest that the economic value of hydrocarbon resources is very limited when compared to its vast environmental costs, supporting the global transition to a green energy strategy.

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Nwankwo, Okechukwu, Michael Edem, Jennifer Muku, Chidi Ike, and Ebipador Ogionwo. "Achieving Safety at Sea – Discussing the Safety Programs Implemented by the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/211954-ms.

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Abstract Over 70% of Nigeria's oil and gas reserves are in swamp and offshore environments with over 40,000 workers registered to work there. Following the signing of the Petroleum Industry Bill into law, the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission (NUPRC) as the successor agency of the Department of Petroleum Resources (DPR) is the upstream industry regulator mandated to drive several safety programs to protect people, environment, and assets through enforcement of laws and regulations. The aim of this paper is to discuss the various safety programs adopted by Commission to reduce accidents in swamp and offshore areas, in which bulk of the oil and gas operations occur. A detailed review of the programs showed that in addition to protection of people, environment and asset, safety programs drive cost savings in the industry, improves collaboration among operators, creates jobs and other economic opportunities in Nigeria. This paper will discuss in detail, the background, methodology, successes, challenges, and opportunities of some flagship safety programs of the Commission. The programs to be discussed are - Administration of Offshore Safety Permit; Implementation of Safety Case; Annual Facility Inspection and Oil Spill Contingency Plan; Risk Based Inspection; Safety and Emergency Training Center and Medical Center Accreditation and Search Rescue and Surveillance Program. This paper only gives insight into the management of safety in the Nigerian oil and gas industry and does not attempt to review the performance or effectiveness of these safety programs vis-à-vis accident statistics in the industry. The various safety programs can be adopted by regulators around the world most especially in countries with a nascent oil and gas industry.

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Gordon, Rachael P. E., Rhona H. Flin, Kathryn Mearns, and Mark T. Fleming. "Assessing the Human Factors Causes of Accidents in the Offshore Oil Industry." In SPE Health, Safety and Environment in Oil and Gas Exploration and Production Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/35970-ms.

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Ibrion, Michaela, Nicola Paltrinieri, and Amir R. Nejad. "On Disaster Risk Reduction in Norwegian Oil and Gas Industry Through Life-Cycle Perspective." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95622.

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Abstract This paper presents the risk reduction in Norwegian oil & gas industry over the time (1975–2016) through a life cycle perspective analysis with the aim to identify the critical stage(s) both in terms of accident occurrence and cause of the accident. Fifteen accidents, major accidents and disasters for example Ecofisk 2/4 Alpha 1975, Alexander L. Kielland 1980, Songa Endurance 2016 were studied. Cases from outside of the Norwegian offshore field — the Piper Alpha 1988, the Bourbon Dolphin 2007, and the Deep Water Horizon 2010 — were also considered as comparison. For each accident and through the life cycle analysis, the occurrence stage of the accident and its main technical causes were identified and compared. It was found that a high risk is concentrated in the Operation (In-Service) stage and associated Marine Operations. Furthermore, it was observed that a high number of accidents in oil and gas industry are associated with mobile structures. All the investigated accidents have acted as powerful reminders to the oil and gas industry that a continuous improvement of risk management and reduction of uncertainty are of paramount importance in order to ensure safe operations and risk reduction for accidents, major accidents and disasters. However, a reactive learning from major accidents and disasters needs to be supported by a proactive learning and development of a dynamic risk culture in the oil and gas industry.

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Long, Zhan Jun, and Seung Keon Lee. "Analysis of Marine Accident and Its Current Status in South Korea." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20246.

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More recently, there is a clear tendency to consider the improvement of safety as a vital factor in the marine industry. In this paper, general statistics of ship accidents in South Korea are considered and the main objective of this research is to investigate the causes and circumstances of all maritime accidents in the country from 1990 to 2007. The research carries out the most common causes of accidents on marine operation finally. This study result shows that safety problem really exists in the whole ocean industry and prevention of fatal accidents should focus on the research for the risk assessment and prediction methodology.

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Forte, Karina, and Diane Ruf. "Safety Challenges of LNG Offshore Industry and Introduction to Risk Management." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61027.

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Over many years, onshore plants have been deployed to liquefy the gas extracted from offshore wells and regasify the liquefied gas before sending it to the consumer grid. Currently the LNG Offshore Industry crosses a new development period since LNG Offshore Floating Units are considered as good options to improve the viability of gas supply. Nevertheless this paper will introduce the main safety challenges usually identified on LNG Offshore facilities, such as the space constraints on LNG Liquefaction Offshore Floating Units and injuries to personnel due to the cryogenic properties of the LNG. Moreover, it will be demonstrated that each hazard has a particular solution which has to be carefully assessed in order to ensure that the risks linked to an installation dealing with LNG are well understood and under control at the same time that the expectations of the project are achieved and compliance with recognized international health and safety standards is respected. Gaining knowledge about the properties of hazardous substances processed and operations performed in the installations is crucial to ensure safety in LNG Industry. Therefore this paper also aims at ensuring the awareness and understanding concerning the issues that could compromise the safety in LNG installations. As previously mentioned, a great concern in the LNG Offshore Industry is related to the space constraints in the site, once in case of a gas release followed by ignition there is the probability of escalation occurrence through the whole installation, what would affect personnel, environment and assets. Despite the space constraints found on offshore installations, it is important to consider minimum safety distances among the LNG facility systems. Thus, control of major hazards is of key importance, and prevention of escalation from an initial incident is critical. Also, it is important to understand what conditions could cause physical effects such as a pool fires, rapid phase transitions and vapour cloud explosions. Since this paper details and compares the safety challenges related to LNG processes, it will be presented some examples of accidents occurred in LNG facilities. The lessons learned from previous accidents can enable the companies to justify the investment to improve the safety in the installation and develop an effective Risk Management, which provides several benefits for the LNG operations (i.e.: the fewer accidents so lower employee absence, lessened threat of legal actions against the company, better reputation and consequently, reduced costs, increased productivity and greater profit.).

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Astrup, Ole C., Anne M. Wahlstrøm, and Tobias King. "A Framework Addressing Major Accident Risk in the Maritime Industry." In SNAME 5th World Maritime Technology Conference. SNAME, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/wmtc-2015-230.

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Avoiding accidents and ensuring the safety of on-board personnel represents one of the most complex challenges faced by the maritime industry. A common misunderstanding in the industry has led to a focus on occupational accidents to reduce lost time injuries in the belief that this would also lead to a reduction of major accidents. The complexity related to preventing and mitigating major accidents requires an understanding of the differences in occupational risk compared to major accident risk. An ever increasing complexity in systems and operations calls for increased vigilance with regards to safety. Rather than focusing on individual components, the industry would benefit by embracing a more comprehensive approach to safety, one that establishes effective barriers that prevent or mitigate the impact of accidents. The oil & gas industry has a long experience in handling complex operations and major accident hazards and offshore vessels can document significant lower incident rates than conventional merchant vessels. Introducing the concept of barrier management from the oil & gas industry to the maritime industry can provide the framework this industry needs to better manage major accident hazards.

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Paltrinieri, Nicola, Gabriele Landucci, and Pierluigi Salvo Rossi. "Real-Time Data for Risk Assessment in the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61486.

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Recent major accidents in the offshore oil and gas (O&G) industry have showed inadequate assessment of system risk and demonstrated the need to improve risk analysis. While direct causes often differ, the failure to update risk evaluation on the basis of system changes/modifications has been a recurring problem. Risk is traditionally defined as a measure of the accident likelihood and the magnitude of loss, usually assessed as damage to people, to the environment, and/or economic loss. Recent revisions of such definition include also aspects of uncertainty. However, Quantitative Risk Assessment (QRA) in the offshore O&G industry is based on consolidated procedures and methods, where periodic evaluation and update of risk is not commonly carried out. Several methodologies were recently developed for dynamic risk analysis of the offshore O&G industry. Dynamic fault trees, Markov chain models for the life-cycle analysis, and Weibull failure analysis may be used for dynamic frequency evaluation and risk assessment update. Moreover, dynamic risk assessment methods were developed in order to evaluate the risk by updating initial failure probabilities of events (causes) and safety barriers as new information are made available. However, the mentioned techniques are not widely applied in the common O&G offshore practice due to several reasons, among which their complexity has a primary role. More intuitive approaches focusing on a selected number of critical factors have also been suggested, such as the Risk Barometer or the TEC2O. Such techniques are based on the evaluation of technical, operational and organizational factors. The methodology allows supporting periodic update of QRA by collecting and aggregating a set of indicators. However, their effectiveness relies on continuous monitoring activity and realtime data capturing. For this reason, this contribution focuses on the coupling of such methods with sensors of different nature located in or around and offshore O&G system. The inheritance from the Centre for Integrated Operations in the Petroleum Industries represents the basis of such study. Such approach may be beneficial for several cases in which (quasi) real-time risk evaluation may support critical operations. Two representative cases have been described: i) erosion and corrosion issues due to sand production; and ii) oil production in environmental sensitive areas. In both the cases, dynamic risk analysis may employ real-time data provided by sand, corrosion and leak detectors. A simulation of dynamic risk analysis has demonstrated how the variation of such data can affect the overall risk picture. In fact, this risk assessment approach has not only the capability to continuously iterate and outline improved system risk pictures, but it can also compare its results with sensor-measured data and allow for calibration. This can potentially guarantee progressive improvement of the method reliability for appropriate support to safety-critical decisions.

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Li, Yihong, and Zhiqiang Hu. "Domino Effect Risk Assessment System for Offshore Oil and Gas Facilities Decommissioning." In ASME 2022 41st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2022-78196.

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Abstract The development of the offshore oil and gas industry has been experienced for more than a century and many offshore facilities are facing the decommissioning challenge. For the reason of offshore facilities are in a harsh ocean environment, the risk assessment and accidental warning technologies involved in the decommissioning process causes attention by industry and academia. Due to the characteristic of high-impact low-probability, domino effect accidents are required to be assessed by the European Union’s Seveso-II Directive, especially when considering the chemical industry risk assessment. However, at present, there is few risks assessment system for the decommissioning of offshore oil and gas facilities. This paper presents a study on the establishment of a Domino Effect risk assessment system for offshore oil and gas facilities’ decommissioning. Compared with the traditional risk assessment system which only conducts a unilateral assessment of certain hazards, this Domino effect risk assessment system combines 7 major hazards with 9 decommissioning procedures in 2 event layers. Meanwhile, a domino event trigger mechanism has been established. The proposed system uses theoretical equations to assess the risks assessment results quickly and accurately.

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Amiri, M. M., and B. Asgarian. "Determination of Required Reserved Strength Ratio in Ultimate Strength Limit for Assessment of Existing Offshore Platforms in the Persian Gulf." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57193.

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The offshore infrastructures are used by the oil and gas industry to meet over twenty percent of the world’s demand for the hydrocarbon productions. Offshore platforms are subjected to various environmental, operational and accidental loads. Environmental loads include wave, current, wind earthquake and ice loads. Considering the reuse of old platforms, design criteria for offshore structures have changed significantly over the post decades. Most of existing structures have been designed based on the previous codes. Many of these structures are now called upon for extended service beyond their original design life. This makes the need to assess the platforms under different environmental conditions such as wave, current and wind loading. Since the proposed amounts of Reserve Strength Ratio (RSR) in the guidelines are for the special geographical zones (i.e. Gulf of Mexico and other parts of US), and also since the methodologies used for estimation of RSR have not been determined explicitly, this study aims to explain more the effective parameters for the assessment of existing offshore platforms. Because the calculation of these parameters is based on statistical data for specific regions, to achieve the RSR ratio related to the Persian Gulf, we utilize the environmental statistical data for this region. And consequently a relevant RSR is proposed. Ultimately, the reserved strength of three sample platforms located in this zone will be assessed according to proposed criterion.

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Martins, Marcelo R., and Marcos C. Maturana. "Application of Bayesian Networks in the Analysis of Human Contribution in Collision Accidents." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79387.

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Analysis, assessment, and risk management are vital in the oil and gas sector due to the potential severity of accidents with respect to human life, to the environment, and patrimony. As most of the accidents in this area are driven by human factors, the purpose of this work is to present an efficient methodology and technique for the analysis of these factors in this industry. The applied quantitative technique is based on Bayesian Networks. Finally, this article presents a study of an oil tanker operation, focusing on the quantification of the human factor contribution in collision scenarios.

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