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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Nutrient losses"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 21 лютого 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Nutrient losses"

Illukpitiy, Prabodh, and Jason P. DeKoff. "An Economic Assessment of Nutrient Removal from Switchgrass Production." Research in Applied Economics 11, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/rae.v11i2.14998.

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The on-site loss of nutrients due to biomass removal creates additional costs for ethanol production however this aspect has not been properly incorporated in economic analyses of biomass production and processing. This study investigates costs of on-site nutrient losses in switchgrass fields in Tennessee. The replacement cost methodology was applied to measure on-site cost of nutrient losses due to biomass removal and was based on the costs of replacing nutrients removed from the production site. The estimated costs for total on-site nutrient loss due to biomass removal show a substantial loss of nutrients in switchgrass fields. The loss of major nutrients from biomass removal represents the major part of on-site economic costs. A declining trend of nutrient costs per Mg of harvested biomass was observed with increasing in harvesting time. The internalization of on-site costs of nutrient losses is possible by adopting an appropriate harvest schedule for switchgrass.

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Bertol, Ildegardis, Eloy Lemos Mello, Jean Cláudio Guadagnin, Almir Luis Vedana Zaparolli, and Marcos Roberto Carrafa. "Nutrient losses by water erosion." Scientia Agricola 60, no. 3 (2003): 581–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162003000300025.

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Water erosion causes soil degradation, which is closely related to nutrient losses either in, the soluble form or adsorbed to soil particles, depending mainly on the adopted soil management system. This study was carried out in São José do Cerrito, SC, Brazil, between March 2000 and June 2001. The objective was to quantify available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium losses in water erosion obtained with simulated rainfall in the following soil management systems: conventional tillage with no-crop (bare soil) (BS), conventional tillage with soybean (CT), reduced tillage with soybean (RT), no tillage with soybean on a desiccated and burned natural pasture (DBNP), and no tillage with soybean on a desiccated natural pasture (DNP). A rotating boom rainfall simulator was used to perform three rainfall tests with constant intensity of 64 mm h-1 and sufficient duration to reach constant runoff rate, on a clayey-loam, well-structured Typic Hapludox, with an average slope of 0.18 m m-1. The first test was carried out five days before soybean emergence and the second and third at 30 and 60 days, respectively. The nutrient concentration in water and total losses of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium were higher under CT than in the other soil management systems.

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Kronvang, B., P. Græsbøll, S. E. Larsen, L. M. Svendsen, and H. E. Andersen. "Diffuse nutrient losses in Denmark." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 4-5 (February 1, 1996): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0491.

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Since 1989, nutrient loading of the Danish aquatic environment has been monitored in 270 Danish streams draining catchment areas differing in climate, physico-geographic and land usage. Diffuse nutrient loading from non-point sources (mainly agricultural) is now the main cause of eutrophication of the Danish aquatic environment; thus in 1993, diffuse sources accounted for 94% of riverine nitrogen loading and 52% of riverine phosphorus loading. Annual riverine total nitrogen (total-N) loading from diffuse sources during the period 1989-93 was on average 10 times greater in 66 small agricultural catchments (median 23.4 kg N ha−1) than in 9 natural catchments (median 2.2 kg N ha−1). Correspondingly, annual riverine total phosphorus (total-P) loading from diffuse sources was on average 3.5 times greater in the agricultural catchments (0.29 kg P ha−1) than in the natural catchments (0.07 kg P ha−1). The annual total-N and total-P load was found to increase with the proportion of agricultural land in the catchments. In 1993, intensive measurements of phosphorus load in 8 agricultural catchments showed that normal point sampling (fortnightly) underestimates annual total-P loading by a median of 37% as compared to that estimated by frequent sampling. Moreover, estimates of monthly total-P loading are even more biased, especially in late summer and early autumn (−50% to −65%).

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Hargrave, A. P., and C. F. Shaykewich. "Rainfall induced nitrogen and phosphorus losses from Manitoba soils." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 77, no. 1 (February 1, 1997): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s95-034.

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Losses of total sediment phosphorus, total sediment nitrogen and dissolved nitrite, nitrate and ammonium resulting from natural rainfall erosion were studied in southern Manitoba during the summers of 1988–1990. Soils used were a Gretna clay, Leary sandy loam, Ryerson sandy clay and a Carroll clay loam. "Standard" erosion plots, i.e 22.13 m slope length, 4.6 m wide on a 9% slope were used. Crop management systems were 1) alfalfa, 2) corn, 3) wheat – minimum tillage, 4) wheat – conventional tillage, and 5) fallow. Nutrient losses averaged over the study period were greatest from the corn and fallow treatments, as high as 160 kg ha−1 yr−1 for nitrogen and 70 kg ha−1 yr−1 for phosphorus. Losses from wheat were intermediate. Losses from alfalfa were negligible. Most of the nutrient losses occurred with the sediment fraction, a result consistent with previous studies. Thus, nutrient loss can be estimated from a knowledge of soil loss. The amount of nutrient loss per unit soil varied with soil, and was a function of the inherent nutrient status of the soil. Key words: Nitrogen, phosphorus, rainfall erosion, nutrients

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Wang, Hongxing, Dongsheng Chen, and Xiaomei Sun. "Nutrient Allocation to Different Compartments of Age-Sequence Larch Plantations in China." Forests 10, no. 9 (September 3, 2019): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10090759.

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Increased demand for forest-derived biomass has led to more intensive harvesting practices. However, the export of large nutrient quantities with the harvested biomass may lead to the depletion of soil nutrients. Therefore, improved knowledge concerning macronutrient allocation (N, P, K, Ca, and Mg) to different components in forests along age sequences is crucial for their sustainable management. In this study, we quantified nutrient allocation to different ecosystem components, including trees, understorey, forest floor, and different soil depths within a chronosequence (6-, 15-, 23-, and 35-year-old) of larch plantations in China. We then assessed the danger of significant nutrient losses from whole tree harvesting (WTH). Nutrient amounts in trees increased with stand age due to an increase in biomass. Stems accounted for 59%–72% of tree biomass and contained 40%–50% of total tree nutrients in the 15- to 35-year-old stands. The forest floor’s nutrient quantities increased from the 6- to 23-year-old stands and then decreased in the 35-year-old plantations. Conversely, most soil indicators initially declined from 15- to 23-year-old stands and then increased in the 35-year-old stand. The total nutrient stocks were greatest in the soil (0–40 cm), which accounted for about 93%–99% of total nutrients in the larch ecosystem. These data indicate that WTH causes nutrient losses about 2.0–2.5 times higher than stem-only harvesting, when thinning 15- or clear-cut harvesting 23- and 35-year-old stands. However, nutrient losses by WTH have little effect on the soil nutrient pools. Prolonging the crop cycle of larch plantations may be beneficial to improve nutrient return through litterfall and allow available soil nutrients to recover.

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Buescher, Ron. "Changes in Nutritional Value of Horticultural Food Crops Affected by Handling, Storage, and Processing." HortScience 31, no. 4 (August 1996): 697a—697. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.31.4.697a.

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Postharvest handling, storage, and processing greatly affect retention and bioavailability of nutrients in horticultural food crops. Although there are a few exceptions, concentrations of most nutrients are reduced by all postharvest operations. Losses of certain nutrients may range from 5% to 100%, depending on their chemical stability, solubility, and postharvest treatment. Therefore, the amount of a particular nutrient in a horticultural food at the time of harvest may not reflect the amount present when the raw or cooked food is consumed. Most vitamins are susceptible to oxidation catalyzed by enzymes, light, pro-oxidant metals, and active oxygen species. Also, nutrient retention and stability are affected by heat, leaching, and certain preservatives, such as sulfites. Physical injuries during handling, processing, and preparation for consumption accelerate vitamin degradation. Therefore, nutrient losses may be very large in minimally processed and food service products that are marketed in peeled, sliced, or shredded forms. Other processing methods, such as dehydration, fermentation, freezing, and canning usually result in significant losses in nutrient concentrations. Although processing generally contributes to loss of nutrient content of foods, certain processing methods improve the bioavailability of some minerals and vitamins, which may increase the actual nutritional value of the food. Methods to reduce inhibitors and antagonists of nutrient availability should receive major emphasis in efforts to improve nutritional value, along with efforts to improve the amount and retention of nutrients in horticultural food crops.

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Li, Hanzhi, Dengxing Fan, Jianzhi Niu, Guodong Jia, Jiamei Sun, Xinxiao Yu, and Linus Zhang. "Effect of rock fragment cover on nutrient loss under varied rainfall intensities: a laboratory study." Hydrology Research 49, no. 2 (November 10, 2017): 390–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2017.026.

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Abstract Surface rock fragments retard overland flow discharge, reduce the runoff generation rate and soil erosion as well as nutrients loss. In Northwest China, a common method for minimizing water, soil, and nutrient losses is the use of rock fragment cover. We used lab stimulation testing to evaluate rock fragment cover efficacy for nutrient conservation. Nutrient losses were determined in both the runoff and sediments under three rain intensities (30, 60 and 90 mm·h−1), four rock fragment covers (0, 10, 20 and 30%) and a slope of 10°. The results showed that rock fragment cover significantly reduced the nutrient losses. Compared with the bare soil control, the rock fragment cover reduced the runoff volume and sediments by 18–38 and 11–69%, respectively, and reduced N and P losses by 9–43 and 16–70%, respectively. These results indicate that rock fragment cover is an effective method for reducing land degradation and improving local environmental conditions.

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Titus, Brian D., Bruce A. Roberts, and Keith W. Deering. "Nutrient removals with harvesting and by deep percolation from white birch (Betula papyrifera [Marsh.]) sites in central Newfoundland." Canadian Journal of Soil Science 78, no. 1 (February 1, 1998): 127–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/s97-044.

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The effects of conventional stem-only and whole-tree harvesting on nutrient losses in biomass removal and in leachate fluxes over a 3-yr period after cutting three white birch stands in central Newfoundland were determined. Losses of nutrients in biomass were proportionately greater with more intensive harvesting as tree components with higher nutrient concentrations (branches, foliage) were removed. Stem-only harvesting removed 126, 9, 51, 126 and 23 kg ha–1 of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in biomass, respectively. Whole-tree harvesting led to a 19% increase in biomass removal as compared to stem-only harvesting, but nutrient removals with whole-tree harvesting increased by 127% for N, 138% for P, 151% for K, 72% for Ca and 90% for Mg. Nutrient losses in deep percolation of soil solution during the first 3 yr after harvesting were generally greater following stem-only than whole-tree harvesting. This may be the result of increased leaching from slash, increased mineralization beneath slash, and retardation by slash of the successional vegetation that could act as a nutrient sink. In the first 3 yr following harvesting, leaching losses after whole-tree harvesting were 4, 0.2, 8, 23 and 7 kg ha–1 of N, P, K, Ca and Mg, respectively, as compared with 9, 0.1, 7, 28 and 9 kg ha–1 of N, P, K, Ca and Mg after stem-only harvesting. Nutrient losses in leachate were generally small compared to losses in biomass removal. Key words: Intensive harvesting; slash; nutrient budget; sustainable site productivity; Betula papyrifera (Marsh.)

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Mattson, Neil S., and Marc W. van Iersel. "Application of the “4R” Nutrient Stewardship Concept to Horticultural Crops: Applying Nutrients at the “Right Time”." HortTechnology 21, no. 6 (December 2011): 667–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.21.6.667.

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The 4R nutrient stewardship framework presents four concepts to consider when applying fertilizers in a responsible matter; the “right source” of nutrients should be applied at the “right rate” during the “right time” and supplied to the “right place” to ensure their uptake. In this article, we provide ideas to consider when attempting to provide nutrients at the right time. When nutrients are applied at a time when they are not required by the plant, the result can be economic and environmental losses. Oversupply relative to plant demand can result in losses of applied nutrients because of leaching or volatilization. Undersupply relative to demand, especially in the case of phloem-immobile nutrients, may limit plant growth and yield. Several factors interact to affect plant nutrient demand such as growth stage, life history (annual vs. perennial), environmental conditions, and plant health. Techniques such as soil and tissue testing, isotopic labeling, and spectral reflectance have been used with varying degrees of success and expense to measure plant nutrient demand and guide fertilizer decisions. Besides knowledge of plant nutrient demand, efficient nutrient supply also depends on systems that allow precise spatial and temporal delivery of nutrients. Future improvements to the timing of nutrient delivery will depend on improvement in knowledge of plant nutrient demands. For example, targeted gene expression chips show promise for use in rapidly assessing plant status for a broad suite of nutrients. Future developments that allow more precise nutrient delivery or more robust agroecosystems that scavenge available nutrients before they are lost to the environment will also help producers use nutrients more efficiently.

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Hayes, Emma, Suzanne Higgins, Josie Geris, and Donal Mullan. "Grassland Reseeding: Impact on Soil Surface Nutrient Accumulation and Using LiDAR-Based Image Differencing to Infer Implications for Water Quality." Agriculture 12, no. 11 (November 4, 2022): 1854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111854.

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Long-term phosphorus (P) accumulation in agricultural soils presents a challenge for water quality improvement. P is commonly elevated in soils managed for intensive livestock production due to repeated overapplication of slurry and fertilisers. High legacy nutrient accumulations result in poor water quality via transport pathways such as surface runoff, subsurface drainage, and soil erosion. To achieve environmental water quality targets, improved management strategies are required for targeting and reducing excess agricultural P sources. Reseeding of old swards is known to improve grassland productivity and enhance overall soil health. However, soil disturbance associated with reseeding could have positive and negative impacts on other soil functions that affect the nutrient balance (including improved microbial activity, but also increasing the potential for sediment and nutrient losses). This study investigates the impact of reseeding and inversion tillage in addressing soil surface nutrient surpluses and identifies potential trade-offs between production, environment (through soil erosion and associated sediment and nutrient losses), and soil health. At a study site in the Blackwater catchment in Northern Ireland, we collected high-resolution (35 m) gridded soil samples pre- and post-reseeding for nutrient analyses and combined this with GIS-based interpolation. We found that decreases in sub-field scale surface nutrient content (0–7.5 cm depth) occurred following tillage and reseeding, but that this was spatially variable. In addition, the magnitude of changes in nutrient content was variable between P and other sampled nutrients. LiDAR-based image differencing indicated variability in the magnitude of soil erosion and sediment loss also at sub-field scale. Information on the identified deposition and erosion zones (from LiDAR analysis) was combined with mass wasting data to determine accumulation rates and losses of nutrients in-field and confirmed some of the identified patterns in soil surface nutrient content changes post-reseeding. We conclude that while inversion tillage and reseeding are essential agricultural practices, environmental trade-offs exist through potential nutrient and sediment losses. LiDAR-based image differencing was found to be a useful tool in helping to quantify these risks. Quantifying sediment and nutrient losses as a result of inversion tillage and reseeding induced soil erosion aids in understanding potential trends in water quality statuses.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Nutrient losses"

Liu, Yingmei. "Effective Modeling of Nutrient Losses and Nutrient Management Practices in an Agricultural and Urbanizing Watershed." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40398.

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The Lake Manassas Watershed is a 189 km2 basin located in the Northern Virginia suburbs of Washington, DC. Lake Manassas is a major waterbody in the watershed and serves as a drinking water source for the City of Manassas. Lake Manassas is experiencing eutrophication due to nutrient loads associated with agricultural activities and urban development in its drainage areas. Two watershed model applications using HSPF, and one receiving water quality model application using CE-QUAL-W2, were linked to simulate Lake Manassas as well as its drainage areas: the Upper Broad Run (126.21 km2) and Middle Broad Run (62.79 km2) subbasins. The calibration of the linked model was for the years 2002-05, with a validation period of 2006-07. The aspects of effective modeling of nutrient losses and nutrient management practices in the Lake Manassas watershed were investigated. The study was mainly conducted in the Upper Broad Run subbasin, which was simulated with an HSPF model. For nutrient simulation, HSPF provides two algorithms: PQUAL (simple, empirically based) and AGCHEM (detailed, process-based). This study evaluated and compared the modeling capabilities and performance of PQUAL and AGCHEM, and investigated significant inputs and parameters for their application. Integral to the study was to develop, calibrate and validate HSPF/PQUAL and HSPF/AGCHEM models in the Upper Broad Run subbasin. â One-variable-at-a-timeâ sensitivity analysis was conducted on the calibrated Upper Broad Run HSPF/PQUAL and HSPF/AGCHEM models to identify significant inputs and parameters for nutrient load generation. The sensitivity analysis results confirmed the importance of accurate meteorological inputs and flow simulation for effective nutrient modeling. OP (orthophosphate phosphorus) and NH4-N (ammonium nitrogen) loads were sensitive to PQUAL parameters describing pollutant buildup and washoff at land surface. The significant PQUAL parameter for Ox-N (oxidized nitrogen) load was groundwater nitrate concentration. For the HSPF/AGCHEM model, fertilizer application rate and time were very important for nutrient load generation. NH4-N and OP loads were sensitive to the AGCHEM parameters describing pollutant adsorption and desorption in the soil. On the other hand, plant uptake of nitrogen played an important role for Ox-N load generation. A side by side comparison was conducted on the Upper Broad Run HSPF/PQUAL and HSPF/AGCHEM models. Both PQUAL and AGCHEM provided good-to-reasonable nutrient simulation. The comparison results showed that AGCHEM performed better than PQUAL for OP simulation, but PQUAL captured temporal variations in the NH4-N and Ox-N loads better than AGCHEM. Compared to PQUAL, AGCHEM is less user-friendly, requires a lot more model input parameters and takes much more time in model development and calibration. On the other hand, use of AGCHEM affords more model capabilities, such as tracking nutrient balances and evaluating alternative nutrient management practices. This study also demonstrated the application of HSPF/AGCHEM within a linked watershed-reservoir model system in the Lake Manassas watershed. By using the outputs generated by the HSPF/AGCHEM models in the Upper Broad Run and Middle Broad Run subbasins, the Lake Manassas CE-QUAL-W2 model adequately captured water budget, temporal and spatial distribution of water quality constituents associated with summer stratification in the lake. The linked model was used to evaluate water quality benefits of implementing nutrient management plan in the watershed. The results confirmed that without the nutrient management plan OP loads would be much higher, which would lead to OP enrichment and enhanced algae growth in Lake Manassas.
Ph. D.

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Habersack, Mathew James. "Evaluation of Nutrient and Pathogen Losses From Various Poultry Litter Storage Methods." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/34373.

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Considerable concern has developed over the possible pollution from poultry litter storage methods. This study was conducted to evaluate three different storage scenarios; covered stockpiles, uncovered stockpiles, and litter sheds. The stockpiles were monitored over two rainfall simulation events, in both the Ridge and Valley and the Piedmont physiographic provinces, with both surface and subsurface flows analyzed. An observational study, where subsurface water was sampled for a nine-month period was conducted using six litter sheds, three in each of the above provinces. Samples were analyzed for nutrients, fecal coliforms, and solids. Concentrations of NHx, TKN, OP, TP, VSS, and FC in surface runoff from uncovered litter piles were all statistically higher than that from covered piles, with NO3 being the exception. However, increased runoff volumes originating from the covered litter piles caused mass loadings from both covered and uncovered piles to be similar enough that statistical significance was not obtained, except in the case of FC. Soil water samples from litter stockpiles did not show a statistically significant treatment effect for concentration data, but uncovered piles did exhibit higher nitrogen concentration estimates than the covered piles. Sample collection frequency showed a statistically significant increase in the number of samples that could be obtained from the edge lysimeter under uncovered litter piles from the Piedmont experimental site. This result indicates uncovered piles are releasing the precipitation absorbed during the rainfall simulation into the sub-surface environment. In the storage shed study, a greater number of samples were collected per attempt at the Piedmont sheds compared to those at the Ridge and Valley site. While both areas were undergoing a significant drought, Piedmont porous-cup lysimeters yielded samples 63% of the time, compared to 10% for Ridge and Valley lysimeters. Lysimeters located near the edge of the shed were also more likely to yield a sample than those in the center or a background location. Unknown interferences within the litter shed samples prevented three laboratories from obtaining valid nutrient concentrations.
Master of Science

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Hollinger, Eric, of Western Sydney Hawkesbury University, and Faculty of Environmental Management and Agriculture. "Links between management of a market garden and stormwater losses of sediment, nitrogen and phosphorus." THESIS_FEMA_XXX_Hollinger_E.xml, 1998. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/306.

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Market gardening is commonly characterised by intensive cultivation, high inputs of both organic and inorganic fertilisers, chemical over/misuse, frequent irrigation, and a low degree of soil cover. While market gardening is readily perceived to be detrimental to waterways, there is remarkably little data to quantify the impacts. Soil and nutrient loss in stormwater runoff varies with soil type, climate and production systems. Therefore local data are needed to determine the impact of market gardening on the Hawkesbury-Nepean. This should lead to a better understanding of how land management influences runoff quantity and quality so that practices can be improved. Objectives of this research were to : quantify sediment, N and P loss and assess the implications for waterways; relate sediment, N and P losses to specific land management practices and assess their impacts on profitability; and, reflect on this research in terms of extension and adoption of better land management. An 8.8 ha property with 6.6 ha of market garden was used as a case study in the Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment. Soil samples were collected at the beginning and end of the study. Sediment core samples were collected from the drainage channel. A rainfall simulator was used to compare runoff volume from green manure and bare fallow beds. The research produced several recommendations for the extension and adoption of improved land management. In order to reduce sediment, N and P losses in stormwater, the primary focus should be on improving soil and nutrient management, in particular matching fertiliser inputs more closely to nutrient requirements. The secondary focus should be on utilising structural measures, in particular farm dams, to prevent pollutants from entering waterways. The outcome should be decreased costs to the farmer and decreased impacts on waterways. The use of N-fixing green manure to decrease the use of poultry manure should be explored.
Master of Science (Hons)

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Loper, Shawna. "Effects of compost and tillage on soils and nutrient losses in a simulated residential landscape." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041298.

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Griffith, Keegan. "Impact of a Winter Rye Cover Crop on Edge-of-Field Nutrient Losses and Corn Silage Production." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1011.

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Cover crops have the potential to reduce environmental impacts of corn production. The objective of this study was to quantify differences in nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) loading between corn plots with or without a winter rye cover crop (Secale cerale). Four field plots (30 x 46 m) in Chazy, NY with edge-of-field monitoring were used for the study. Two plots were randomly assigned a rye cover crop treatment and planted with a grain drill at a rate of 112 kg ha-1 after corn silage harvest in 2015 and 2016. Continuous water flows were monitored from surface runoff and tile drain hydrologic pathways dur-ing runoff events. Soluble reactive P (SRP), total P (TP), nitrate-N, total N (TN), and to-tal suspended solids (TSS) concentrations were measured and multiplied by runoff vol-umes to estimate nutrient export. Surface runoff from rye plots had lower nutrient loss compared to control plots. Cumulative nitrate-N exports were similar between treatments (15.7 vs. 14.8 kg nitrate-N ha-1 for rye and control, respectively). Cumulative TN exports were numerically higher for control plots compared to rye plots, (18.8 vs. 21.4 kg TN ha-1). Cumulative TP and SRP exports (surface + tile) for rye were 2.2 and 3-fold greater than control plots, (0.51 vs. 1.19 kg TP ha-1 and 0.33 vs. 0.96 kg SRP ha-1). Total P and SRP loads in surface runoff were 3.0-fold greater for control plots compared to rye plots (0.36 vs. 1.12 kg TP ha-1 and 0.32 vs. 0.94 kg SRP ha-1). TSS load in surface runoff was numerically higher for control plots compared to rye (5.7 vs. 20.6 kg ha-1). Cumulative surface runoff was 1.8-fold greater in control plots compared to rye plots (112.6 mm vs. 207.7 mm), while cumulative tile runoff was numerically higher in rye plots compared to control (83.2 mm vs. 66.1mm). Snowmelt events contributed the majority of phosphorus losses (96% of SRP and 92% of TP), emphasizing the need to implement management techniques that reduce P transport risk during the non-growing season. Winter rye re-duced snowmelt TP export by 3-fold compared to the control plots (0.33 kg TP ha-1 and 1.03 kg TP ha-1). The winter rye cover crop planted after corn silage harvest effectively reduced erosion and P transport in surface water runoff compared to corn silage left fal-low after harvest. In addition to significantly reducing P exports, farms have the option of harvesting rye as a forage crop and double cropping with corn. In this way, more total forage is possible for the farm in addition to offering environmental conservation and wa-ter quality benefits.

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Webber, David Franklin. "Vegetative filter strip buffer effects on runoff, sediment, and nutrient losses from a grazing and windrow composting site." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.

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Formaglio, Greta [Verfasser]. "The effect of reduced management intensity on soil nutrient dynamics in a large-scale oil palm plantation: soil nitrogen cycle, asymbiotic nitrogen fixation and nutrient leaching losses / Greta Formaglio." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2020. http://d-nb.info/121533852X/34.

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Nummer, Stephanie Ann. "Assessing the Effects of Conservation Practices and Fertilizer Application Methods on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Losses from Farm Fields – A Meta Analysis." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1470394645.

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Ciccaglione, Julia Serafina. "Characterization of soil erosion processes and nutrient losses associated with previously forested areas, the Colonarie River Watershed, St. Vincent, West Indies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0026/MQ31337.pdf.

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Kugbe, Joseph [Verfasser]. "Spatio-temporal dynamics of bush-fire nutrient losses and atmospheric depositional gains across the Northern savanna region of Ghana / Joseph Kugbe." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2012. http://d-nb.info/104305636X/34.

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Книги з теми "Nutrient losses"

Fuhrman, Joel. Eat to live: The amazing nutrient-rich program for fast and sustained weight loss. New York: Little, Brown and Co., 2012.

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Fuhrman, Joel. Eat to live: The amazing nutrient-rich program for fast and sustained weight loss. New York: Little, Brown and Co., 2011.

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Eat to live: The amazing nutrient-rich program for fast and sustained weight loss. New York: Little, Brown and Co., 2011.

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Anti-fat nutrients: How fat-burning vitamins can help you lose weight and cholesterol too. San Francisco: Pax Pub., 1993.

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Stimson, Nina, ed. Herbal, Alternative and Complementary Medicines. Connecting to New Realities. Southend-On-Sea, United Kingdom: Nicholas Hall & Co, Southend-On-Sea, United Kingdom, 2007.

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Engelstad, Orvis P. Nutrient Mobility in Soils: Accumulation and Losses. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2015.

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Archer, John, and M. J. Marks. Control of Nutrient Losses to Water from Agriculture in Europe (Proceedings of the Fertiliser Society). International Fertiliser Society, 1997.

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Staff, International Fertiliser Society, and Karin Rather. Reduction of Nutrient Losses from Vegetable Cropping in Water Protection Zones in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. International Fertiliser Society, 2020.

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Nutrient Losses from Agriculture in the Nordic and Baltic Countries: Measurements in Small Agricultural Catchments and National Agro-Environmental Statistics. Nordic Council of Ministers, 2002.

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Schetz, Miet, and Andrew Davenport. Continuous renal replacement therapy. Edited by Norbert Lameire. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0234.

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After its introduction, continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) has found widespread acceptance amongst physicians taking care of critically ill patients. Various modalities (haemofiltration, haemodialysis, haemodiafiltration) are used. As for all types of renal replacement therapy, a good functioning vascular access is an absolute requirement. Whether CRRT is to be preferred over intermittent haemodialysis remains a matter of debate, but haemodynamic instability and risk of cerebral oedema are generally considered indications for CRRT. Whereas under-dosing should certainly be avoided, increasing the dose over an actually delivered effluent flow of 20–25 mL/kg/hour does not appear to improve outcome.One of the major drawbacks of CRRT is the requirement for continuous anticoagulation. Citrate anticoagulation is gaining popularity and represents a valuable alternative, especially in patients with bleeding risk. Other potential complications of CRRT include thermal, nutrient, and drug losses, and acid–base and electrolyte disturbances.

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Majumdar, Kaushik, Robert M. Norton, T. Scott Murrell, Fernando García, Shamie Zingore, Luís Ignácio Prochnow, Mirasol Pampolino, et al. "Assessing Potassium Mass Balances in Different Countries and Scales." In Improving Potassium Recommendations for Agricultural Crops, 283–340. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59197-7_11.

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AbstractEstimating nutrient mass balances using information on nutrient additions and removals generates useful, practical information on the nutrient status of a soil or area. A negative input–output balance of nutrients in the soil results when the crop nutrient removal and nutrient losses to other sinks become higher than the nutrient inputs into the system. Potassium (K) input–output balance varies among regions that have different climates, soil types, cropping systems, and cropping intensity. This chapter illustrates the farm-gate K balances in major production areas of the world and their impacts on native K fertility and crop yields. On-farm and on-station research examples show significant negative K balances in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, while China, the USA, Brazil, and countries of the Latin America Southern Cone highlighted continued requirement of location-specific K application to maintain crop yields and soil K fertility status at optimum levels.

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Kilmer, Victor J. "Nutrient Losses from Grasslands through Leaching and Runoff." In Forage Fertilization, 341–62. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1974.foragefertilization.c16.

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Smucker, A. J. M. "Carbon Utilization and Losses by Plant Root Systems." In Roots, Nutrient and Water Influx, and Plant Growth, 27–46. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub49.c2.

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Debrunner, N., F. Von Lerber, and U. Feller. "Solute losses from various shoot parts of field-grown wheat by leakage in the rain." In Improved Crop Quality by Nutrient Management, 131–34. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-37449-9_30.

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Thyll, Szilard. "Plant Nutrient Losses in Drainage Water on Heavy Clay Soil." In Hydraulic Design in Water Resources Engineering: Land Drainage, 517–23. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-22014-6_49.

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Gabriel, Jose L., and Miguel Quemada. "Water Management for Enhancing Crop Nutrient Use Efficiency and Reducing Losses." In Advances in Research on Fertilization Management of Vegetable Crops, 247–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53626-2_9.

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Steinke, K., J. C. Stier, W. R. Kussow, and A. Thompson. "Sediment and Nutrient Losses from Prairie and Turfgrass Buffer Strips during Establishment." In ACS Symposium Series, 151–64. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2008-0997.ch009.

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Falkengren-Grerup, Ursula. "Replacement of nutrient losses caused by acidification of a beech forest soil and its effects on transplanted field-layer species." In Nutrient Uptake and Cycling in Forest Ecosystems, 187–93. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0455-5_21.

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Dobermann, Achim, Tom Bruulsema, Ismail Cakmak, Bruno Gerard, Kaushik Majumdar, Michael McLaughlin, Pytrik Reidsma, et al. "A New Paradigm for Plant Nutrition." In Science and Innovations for Food Systems Transformation, 361–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15703-5_19.

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AbstractNutrient inputs play a critical role in raising crops and livestock for food security, human nutrition and other uses in the bioeconomy. Their production and management must change so as to nourish crops, reduce harmful environmental impacts caused by nutrient losses and contribute to the restoration of soil health more effectively. A new paradigm for plant nutrition follows a food system approach in which multiple socioeconomic, environmental and health objectives must be achieved. The coming 10–20 years will be most critical for making the transition to a global food system in which all stakeholders look at food and nutrients in a holistic manner, including in regard to their hidden environmental, health and socioeconomic costs. Consumers, as well as governments and other stakeholders, need to support such a transformation, because farmers and the industry supporting them will not be able to implement all of the required actions alone. The outcome of this transformation will be a new societal plant nutrition optimum, rather than a purely economic optimum. The new nutrient economy will become an integral component of a low-carbon emission, environment-friendly and circular economy, supporting the food and nutrition requirements of a rising global population and improving the income and livelihood of farmers worldwide.

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Penn, Chad J., and Joshua M. McGrath. "Chemistry and Application of Industrial By-products to Animal Manure for Reducing Phosphorus Losses to Surface Waters." In Applied Manure and Nutrient Chemistry for Sustainable Agriculture and Environment, 211–38. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8807-6_11.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Nutrient losses"

Savescu, Petre. "MITIGATION METHODS OF SOIL NUTRIENT LOSSES." In 14th SGEM GeoConference on WATER RESOURCES. FOREST, MARINE AND OCEAN ECOSYSTEMS. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2014/b32/s13.026.

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Starrett, Steve, Yunseng Su, Travis Heier, Jamie Klein, Jeff Holste, and Alok Bhandari. "Nutrient Losses in Runoff from a New Golf Course." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40976(316)431.

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David L Bjorneberg, James A Ippolito, and Anita C Koehn. "Nutrient Losses from an Irrigated Watershed in Southern Idaho." In 2013 Kansas City, Missouri, July 21 - July 24, 2013. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/aim.20131619770.

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Zhang, Ning, and Weihao Wang. "Investigation of Water pH in Calcasieu Lake Area Using Regional Scale Hydrodynamic Models." In ASME 2017 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2017-69208.

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In Southwest Louisiana, the Calcasieu Lake and surrounding water systems are the major fresh water sources to the nearby coastal wetlands and agricultural areas. There are two national wide life refuges located in both east and west sides of Calcasieu Lake. Both refuges are covered by coastal wetlands. The health of the wetland vegetation is essential to the wetland losses in the area. One of the major problems related to the health of marshes is the nutrient deficiency. In addition, the surface water system is a possible source for agriculture use that requires sufficient nutrient components in water. Understanding the transport and distribution of various nutrients in the coastal water system is very important to the above-mentioned issues. In this study, a regional scale hydrodynamic model was utilized to simulate the hydrodynamics, salinity transport and sediment transport in this major water system in Southwest Louisiana. The pH distribution in water is a good indication of many nutrient components, such as phosphorous, and is essential to understand the nutrient distributions in the target area. A pH calculation procedure was implemented in the model to determine pH values based on the salinity and other water properties. The model results can be used to indicate the dynamic change of nutrient distributions and the areas of nutrient deficiency.

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Mark R Williams, Gary W Feyereisen, Douglas B Beegle, Robert D Shannon, Gordon J Folmar, and Ray B Bryant. "Manure Application Under Winter Conditions: Nutrient Runoff and Leaching Losses." In 2010 Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 20 - June 23, 2010. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.29826.

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"12. Field-Scale Tools for Reducing Nutrient Losses to Water Resources." In Final Report: Gulf Hypoxia and Local Water Quality Concerns Workshop. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.24251.

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Marco Napoli, Simone Orlandini, Daniele Grifoni, and Camillo Alessandro Zanchi. "Prediction of Soil and Nutrient Losses on Chianti Vineyard with SWAT Model." In 21st Century Watershed Technology: Improving Water Quality and Environment Conference Proceedings, May 27-June 1, 2012, Bari, Italy. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.41435.

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"Sediment and nutrient losses from the Upper Snake Rock watershed in southern Idaho." In 2015 ASABE / IA Irrigation Symposium: Emerging Technologies for Sustainable Irrigation - A Tribute to the Career of Terry Howell, Sr. Conference Proceedings. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/irrig.20152144034.

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Mark V. Garrison, Tom L. Richard, Sonia M. Tiquia, and Mark S. Honeyman. "Nutrient Losses from Unlined Bedded Swine Hoop Structures and an Associated Windrow Composting Site." In 2001 Sacramento, CA July 29-August 1,2001. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.4202.

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Philip W. Gassman, Joju Abraham, Larry Hauck, Ali Saleh, and and Keith Keplinger. "Simulation of Nutrient Losses from Chicken Litter Applications in East Central Texas with APEX and SWAT." In 2001 Sacramento, CA July 29-August 1,2001. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.3818.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Nutrient losses"

Mallarino, Antonio P., Aaron Alan Andrews, Mazhar Ul Haq, and Matthew J. Helmers. Corn Harvest and Nutrient Management Systems Impacts on Phosphorus Loss with Surface Runoff. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1891.

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Poverenov, Elena, Tara McHugh, and Victor Rodov. Waste to Worth: Active antimicrobial and health-beneficial food coating from byproducts of mushroom industry. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7600015.bard.

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Background. In this proposal we suggest developing a common solution for three seemingly unrelated acute problems: (1) improving sustainability of fast-growing mushroom industry producing worldwide millions of tons of underutilized leftovers; (2) alleviating the epidemic of vitamin D deficiency adversely affecting the public health in both countries and in other regions; (3) reducing spoilage of perishable fruit and vegetable products leading to food wastage. Based on our previous experience we propose utilizing appropriately processed mushroom byproducts as a source of two valuable bioactive materials: antimicrobial and wholesome polysaccharide chitosan and health-strengthening nutrient ergocalciferol⁽ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2⁾. ᴬᵈᵈⁱᵗⁱᵒⁿᵃˡ ᵇᵉⁿᵉᶠⁱᵗ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉˢᵉ ᵐᵃᵗᵉʳⁱᵃˡˢ ⁱˢ ᵗʰᵉⁱʳ ᵒʳⁱᵍⁱⁿ ᶠʳᵒᵐ ⁿᵒⁿ⁻ᵃⁿⁱᵐᵃˡ ᶠᵒᵒᵈ⁻ᵍʳᵃᵈᵉ source. We proposed using chitosan and vitamin D as ingredients in active edible coatings on two model foods: highly perishable fresh-cut melon and less perishable health bars. Objectives and work program. The general aim of the project is improving storability, safety and health value of foods by developing and applying a novel active edible coating based on utilization of mushroom industry leftovers. The work plan includes the following tasks: (a) optimizing the UV-B treatment of mushroom leftover stalks to enrich them with vitamin D without compromising chitosan quality - Done; (b) developing effective extraction procedures to yield chitosan and vitamin D from the stalks - Done; (c) utilizing LbL approach to prepare fungal chitosan-based edible coatings with optimal properties - Done; (d) enrichment of the coating matrix with fungal vitamin D utilizing molecular encapsulation and nano-encapsulation approaches - Done, it was found that no encapsulation methods are needed to enrich chitosan matrix with vitamin D; (e) testing the performance of the coating for controlling spoilage of fresh cut melons - Done; (f) testing the performance of the coating for nutritional enhancement and quality preservation of heath bars - Done. Achievements. In this study numerous results were achieved. Mushroom waste, leftover stalks, was treated ʷⁱᵗʰ ᵁⱽ⁻ᴮ ˡⁱᵍʰᵗ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵗʳᵉᵃᵗᵐᵉⁿᵗ ⁱⁿᵈᵘᶜᵉˢ ᵃ ᵛᵉʳʸ ʰⁱᵍʰ ᵃᶜᶜᵘᵐᵘˡᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2, ᶠᵃʳ ᵉˣᶜᵉᵉᵈⁱⁿᵍ any other dietary vitamin D source. The straightforward vitamin D extraction procedure and ᵃ ˢⁱᵐᵖˡⁱᶠⁱᵉᵈ ᵃⁿᵃˡʸᵗⁱᶜᵃˡ ᵖʳᵒᵗᵒᶜᵒˡ ᶠᵒʳ ᵗⁱᵐᵉ⁻ᵉᶠᶠⁱᶜⁱᵉⁿᵗ ᵈᵉᵗᵉʳᵐⁱⁿᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵒᶠ ᵗʰᵉ ᵛⁱᵗᵃᵐⁱⁿ ᴰ2 ᶜᵒⁿᵗᵉⁿᵗ suitable for routine product quality control were developed. Concerning the fungal chitosan extraction, new freeze-thawing protocol was developed, tested on three different mushroom sources and compared to the classic protocol. The new protocol resulted in up to 2-fold increase in the obtained chitosan yield, up to 3-fold increase in its deacetylation degree, high whitening index and good antimicrobial activity. The fungal chitosan films enriched with Vitamin D were prepared and compared to the films based on animal origin chitosan demonstrating similar density, porosity and water vapor permeability. Layer-by-layer chitosan-alginate electrostatic deposition was used to coat fruit bars. The coatings helped to preserve the quality and increase the shelf-life of fruit bars, delaying degradation of ascorbic acid and antioxidant capacity loss as well as reducing bar softening. Microbiological analyses also showed a delay in yeast and fungal growth when compared with single layer coatings of fungal or animal chitosan or alginate. Edible coatings were also applied on fresh-cut melons and provided significant improvement of physiological quality (firmness, weight ˡᵒˢˢ⁾, ᵐⁱᶜʳᵒᵇⁱᵃˡ ˢᵃᶠᵉᵗʸ ⁽ᵇᵃᶜᵗᵉʳⁱᵃ, ᵐᵒˡᵈ, ʸᵉᵃˢᵗ⁾, ⁿᵒʳᵐᵃˡ ʳᵉˢᵖⁱʳᵃᵗⁱᵒⁿ ᵖʳᵒᶜᵉˢˢ ⁽Cᴼ2, ᴼ²⁾ ᵃⁿᵈ ᵈⁱᵈ not cause off-flavor (EtOH). It was also found that the performance of edible coating from fungal stalk leftovers does not concede to the chitosan coatings sourced from animal or good quality mushrooms. Implications. The proposal helped attaining triple benefit: valorization of mushroom industry byproducts; improving public health by fortification of food products with vitamin D from natural non-animal source; and reducing food wastage by using shelf- life-extending antimicrobial edible coatings. New observations with scientific impact were found. The program resulted in 5 research papers. Several effective and straightforward procedures that can be adopted by mushroom growers and food industries were developed. BARD Report - Project 4784

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