Готові списки джерел за темами / Norman B

Зміст

Статті в журналах
Дисертації
Книги
Частини книг
Тези доповідей конференцій
Звіти організацій

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Norman B"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

Оформте джерело за APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard та іншими стилями

Оберіть тип джерела:

Ознайомтеся зі списками актуальних статей, книг, дисертацій, тез та інших наукових джерел на тему "Norman B".

Біля кожної праці в переліку літератури доступна кнопка «Додати до бібліографії». Скористайтеся нею – і ми автоматично оформимо бібліографічне посилання на обрану працю в потрібному вам стилі цитування: APA, MLA, «Гарвард», «Чикаго», «Ванкувер» тощо.

Також ви можете завантажити повний текст наукової публікації у форматі «.pdf» та прочитати онлайн анотацію до роботи, якщо відповідні параметри наявні в метаданих.

Статті в журналах з теми "Norman B"

Legge, W. G., J. R. Tucker, B. Bizimungu, A. Tekauz, J. S. Noll, T. G. Fetch, J. G. Menzies, et al. "Norman barley." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 91, no. 6 (November 1, 2011): 1105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps2010-020.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Legge, W. G., Tucker, J. R., Bizimungu, B., Tekauz, A., Noll, J. S., Fetch Jr., T. G., Menzies, J. G., Haber, S., Savard, M. E., Vigier, B. J., Choo, T. M., Martin, R. A., Turkington, T. K., Rossnagel, B. G. and Harvey, B. L. 2011. Norman barley. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 1105–1113. Norman is a hulled two-row spring malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivar derived from the cultivar CDC Kendall that was widely grown in western Canada and utilized commercially by the malting and brewing industry. Developed in 2000 by in vitro selection using deoxynivalenol mycotoxin in the medium of an anther culture system, Norman was evaluated in the Western Cooperative Two-row Barley Registration Test in 2005 and 2006, and the malting and brewing industry Collaborative Malting Barley Trials in 2006 and 2007, before being registered in 2009. Norman was also evaluated extensively for deoxynivalenol concentration in fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum Schwabe) nurseries from 2001 to 2009. Norman accumulates 25 to 30% less deoxynivalenol than its parent cultivar, CDC Kendall, but is similar in all other traits including malting quality.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Burke, Derek C., and Tony Meager. "Norman B. Finter, MD (1924–2012)." Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research 33, no. 2 (February 2013): 49–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/jir.2012.1501.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

DIEMER, DAVID P. "Axel Norman Arneson, MD." Radiology 204, no. 2 (August 1997): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.204.2.584-b.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Griswold, M. D., M. Eddy, and E. Goldberg. "In Memoriam: Norman B. Hecht, Ph.D. * 1940-2013." Biology of Reproduction 88, no. 6 (May 15, 2013): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1095/biolreprod.113.110601.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Eddy, Mitch, and Richard M. Schultz. "Norman B. Hecht: (December 14, 1940-February 28, 2013)." Molecular Reproduction and Development 80, no. 5 (May 2013): Fm i—Fm iii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.22186.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Gorringe, Tim. "Norman Wirzba, Agrarian Spirit: Cultivating Faith, Community, and the Land." Theology 126, no. 1 (January 2023): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040571x221146279.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Olien, Michael. ": Forest Society: A Social History of Peten, Guatemala . Norman B. Schwartz." American Anthropologist 94, no. 2 (June 1992): 480–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.1992.94.2.02a00460.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

RUS, JAN. "Forest Society: A Social History of Petén, Guatemala . NORMAN B. SCHWARTZ." American Ethnologist 21, no. 4 (November 1994): 1080–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ae.1994.21.4.02a01940.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Grandia, Liza, and John Hawkins. "Norman B. Schwartz: Antropólogo y hombre de maíz Brooklyn, Nueva York, 1932-Newark, Delaware, 2018 Norman B. Schwartz: Anthropologist and man of maize Brooklyn, New York, 1932-Newark, Delaware, 2018 ." Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36829/63chs.v5i1.663.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Street, Warren R. "Norman Triplett’s Problem Child: A Review of Social Facilitation by B. Guerin." Behavior Analyst 17, no. 1 (April 1994): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03392666.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Norman B"

Weiß, Norman. "Löffler, B., Integration in Deutschland : zwischen Assimilation und Multikulturalismus / [rezensiert von] Norman Weiß." Universität Potsdam, 2012. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/texte_eingeschraenkt_verlag/2013/6402/.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Monaghan, Paul. "Laying down the country : Norman B. Tindale and the linguistic construction of the North-West of South Australia." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm734.pdf.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

"June 2003" 2 maps in pocket on back cover. Bibliography: leaves 285-308. This thesis critically examines the processes involved in the construction of the linguistic historical record for the north-west region of South Australia. Focussing on the work of Norman B. Tindale, the thesis looks at the construction of Tindale's Pitjantjatjara, Yankunytjatjara and Antikirinya representations. It argues that Tindale effectively reduced a diversity of indigenous practices to ordered categories more reflective of Western and colonial concepts than indigenous views. Tindale did not consider linguistic criteria in depth, had few informants, worked within arbitary tribal boundaries, was biased towards the category 'Pitjantjatjara' and was informed by notions of racial/linguistic purity. These factors which shaped the linguistic record must be taken into account when interpreting records for use as historical and native Title evidence.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Mendonça, Matheus Rodrigues de. "Análise de modos normais dos movimentos conformacionais em proteínas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59135/tde-18042016-104716/.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

A caracterização das flutuações dos resíduos da proteína em torno do seu estado nativo é essencial para estudar mudanças conformacionais, interação proteína-proteína e interação proteína-ligante. Tal caracterização pode ser capturada pelo modelo de rede gaussiana (GNM). Este modelo tem sido modificado e novas propostas têm surgido nos últimos anos. Nesta Tese, apresentamos um estudo sobre como melhorar o GNM e exploramos o seu desempenho em predizer os fatores-B experimentais. Modelos de redes elásticas são construídos a partir das coordenadas experimentais dos levando em consideração pares de átomos de C? distantes entre si até um dado raio de corte Rc . Estes modelos descrevem as interações entre os atómos por molas com a mesma constante de força. Desenvolvemos um método baseado em simulações numéricas com um campo de forças simplificado para atribuir pesos a estas constantes de mola. Este método considera o tempo em que dois átomos de C? permanecem conectados na rede durante o desenovelamento parcial, estabelecendo assim uma forma de medir a intensidade de cada ligação. Examinamos dois diferentes campos de forças simplificados e exploramos o cálculo desses pesos a partir do desenovelamento das estruturas nativas. Nós comparamos o seu desempenho na predição dos fatores-B com outros modelos de rede elástica. Avaliamos tal desempenho utilizando o coeficiente de correlação entre os fatores-B preditos e experimentais. Mostramos como o nosso modelo pode descrever melhor os fatores-B
The characterization of the fluctuations in protein residues around its native state is essential to study conformational changes, protein binding interaction and protein-protein interaction. Such characterization can be captured by simple elastic network models as the Gaussian Network Model (GNM). This model has been modified and new proposals have emerged in recent years. In this Thesis we propose an extended version of GNM, namely wGNM. Elastic network models are built on the experimental C? coordinates,and they only take the pairs of C? atoms within a given cutoff distance Rc into account. These models describe the interactions by elastic springs with the same force constant to predicted the experimental B-factors, providing insights into the structure-function properties of proteins. We have developed a method based on numerical simulations with a simple coarse-grained force field, to attribute weights to these spring constants. This method considers the time that two C? atoms remain connected in the network during partial unfolding, establishing a means of measuring the strength of each link. We examined two different coarse-grained force fields and explored the computation of these weights by unfolding native structures. We compare the B-factors predicted by different elastic network models with the experimental ones employing the correlation coefficient between these two quantities. We show that wGNM performs better and consequently provides better evaluation of the B-factors

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Sampaio, de Sousa Soeiro IneÌ‚s. "Proliferative signals in normal and malignant B cells." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.441947.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Lanckman, Lies. "Norma Shearer, the happily married divorcee : marriage, modernity and movie magazines." Thesis, University of Kent, 2016. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/62963/.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The central aim of this thesis is to examine five of Norma Shearer's pre-Code films - all made between 1930 and 1934 - and to place these films and their accompanying fan magazine rhetoric into a wider context, both within Shearer's career and within Hollywood history. It does this for two reasons. Firstly, it hopes to problematise the now commonly held view of Shearer as a noble, respectable, but ultimately rather dull star by demonstrating the ways in which these films allowed her to become an active advocate for a particular brand of often sexually transgressive modernity, in which she embraced consumer and leisure culture, female employment, companionate marriage and even the sexual single standard. Secondly, the thesis examines the fan magazine rhetoric on the star alongside these films and shows how her successful and happy marriage to MGM Head of Production Irving G. Thalberg served to strengthen, rather than soften, her position as a quintessential modern both on and off screen. After all, the marriage, in which Shearer and Thalberg were professional as well as romantic partners, allowed Shearer to promote a certain kind of companionate marriage, complete with mutual professional satisfaction, successful parenthood, and sexual compatibility. At the height of her fame, Shearer was the star who demonstrated to her female fans that a woman, in the brave new world of the early 20th century, should be able to have it all. Finally, then, the thesis examines how Shearer's ultra-modern reputation came to an end in the mid-1930s, and attributes this development primarily to two influences, one historical and one biographical. Firstly, in July 1934, the Hays Production Code was enforced; particularly targeting female sexual transgression on screen, this censorship text would make it virtually impossible for Shearer to make the types of films she had become most famous for. Secondly, then, in September 1936, Shearer's husband's premature death ensured that the star, who had previously been characterised as a modern wife, now became identified as a tragic, aristocratic, noble widow. Since her films no longer allowed her to develop an alternative persona, this is how Shearer remained known after her retirement, after her death, and to this day.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Andersson, Åsa. "B cell repertoire development in normal physiology and autoimmune disease." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för molekylärbiologi (Medicinska fakulteten), 1993. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-101767.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The B cell repertoire in the neonatal immune system (IS) is characterised by reactivity towards self-components, including other immunoglobulin (Ig) V-regions. These properties have been suggested to be a requirement for the development of a normal immune system. DNA sequencing of two interacting Ig idiotypes, derived from neonatal, preimmune mice, demonstrated that such idiotypic connectivity is germ- line encoded and devoid of VDJ junctional diversity. The serum levels of the same Ig idiotypes were studied in normal mice and demonstrated that the expression in serum fluctuated over time in a pattern compatible with a complex dynamic system. In contrast, similar analyses in autoimmune mice or humans demonstrated fluctuations in Ig titers that differed significantly from the healthy individuals. These findings suggested that pathological autoimmunity may be associated with fundamental alterations in the dynamics of natural antibody (ab) expression. This was further investigated in the nonobese diabetic (NOD) mouse, an animal model for human Type I diabetes. Suppression of the early B cell development in the NOD mouse prevented the development of diabetes, suggesting a role for B cells/Igs in the development of diabetes in these mice. Furthermore, neonatal injections of polyclonal Ig preparations or single, monoclonal natural abs inhibited disease induction. The prevention of diabetes development by one such natural ab was demonstrated to be dependent on both the dose injected and the timing of administration. Studies of the B cell repertoire development in NOD mice, compared to normal mice, by DNA-sequence analyses of IgVH rearrangements utilising genes from the most D-proximal Vh family, Vh7183, supported the idea of an aberrant B cell repertoire in this mouse model. Thus, the adult NOD mouse retained a neonatal pattern of Vh7183 rearrangements. This pattern could, however, be "normalised" by neonatal injection of a natural antibody, previously demonstrated to prevent the development of T cell dependent autoimmunity in the NOD mouse.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1993, härtill 6 uppsatser

digitalisering@umu

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Gumina, Maria. "Growth and Survival Pathways in Normal and Malignant B-Lymphocytes." Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1400.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Thesis advisor: Thomas C. Chiles
Normal B lymphocytes require extrinsic factors to grow and proliferate. Surface receptors (e.g., B-cell antigen receptor, BCR) function, in part, to link growth factors to signal transduction/metabolic pathways and the cell cycle machinery. Accumulating evidence indicates that signal transduction-dependent changes in both glucose energy metabolism and de novo transcription of the D-type cyclin-cdk4/6 pathway are necessary for quiescent B-lymphocytes to enter G1-phase of the cell cycle and grow. B cell growth represents a critical checkpoint for subsequent proliferation and clonal expansion of antigen-specific lymphocytes. On the former, we have shown earlier that acquisition of extracellular glucose and metabolism via the glycolytic pathway is required for conventional splenic B-2 lymphocytes to grow (i.e., increase cell size and mass) in response to antigen challenge; however, the metabolic fate and biological significance of glucose-derived carbons are unknown. Here, we show that in response to BCR ligation, glucose carbon flow is directed into a de novo lipogenic pathway that is regulated, in part, via phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI-3K)-dependent activation of ATP citrate lyase (ACL), a key rate-limiting enzyme in de novo lipogenesis. Inhibition of ACL results in a loss of B-cell growth and cell viability. Regarding the latter point, the B-1a lymphocyte subset expresses cyclins D2 and D3 that are transiently expressed in a non-overlapping manner, notably cyclin D3 expression immediately precedes the G1/S phase transition, suggesting distinct functions for these D-type cyclins in B-1a lymphocyte G0-to-S phase progression. We show herein that murine B-1a cells deficient in cyclin D3 proliferate normally in response to extracellular stimuli, in part, due to a compensatory sustained up-regulation of cyclin D2. In keeping with this, human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) represents a malignant clonal expansion of B cells characterized by several subsets, including germinal center (GC) and activated B-cell (ABC) types. Here, we show that the GC-type LY18 human DLBCL exhibits constitutive expression of cyclin D3, but not cyclins D1 and D2. Targeting of cyclin D3-holoenzyme complexes with cell permeable chemical- and peptide-based cdk4 inhibitors results in G1-phase arrest and apoptosis via a pathway that involves inhibition of pRb phosphorylation. By contrast, endogenous knock down of cyclin D3 with siRNA did not induce growth arrest or apoptosis, in part, due to redundancy with cyclin E
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Biology

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Christie, J. F. "Studies on the activation and differentiation of normal and leukaemic human B lymphocytes." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382350.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Lu, Liwei. "B lymphopoiesis and B cell selection by apoptosis in bone marrow of normal and gene-modified mice." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ37000.pdf.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Walton, Alexander James. "CD4+PF+ T Cells in B-CLL Patients & Normal Controls." Thesis, University of Westminster, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502405.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Our group has previously shown that CD4+Perforin (PFt T cells with cytotoxic potential are expanded in patients with B-CLL, accounting for up to 50% of CD4+ T cells in this disease. This study confinns the finding of increased percentages of CD4+PF+ T cells in a new cohort of B-CLL patients. However, the significance of this subset in B-CLL remains unclear. Evidence has accumulated for the potential role of CD4+ cytotoxic T cells in controlling cytomegalovirus (CMV). Therefore, a potential relationship between chronic CMV infection and CD4+PF+ T cell expansion in B-CLL was investigated. CMV seropositivity was found to be strongly associated with CD4+PF+ T cell expansion in both B-CLL patients and controls. This suggested that CD4+PF+ T cells from CMV seropositive (SP) patients and controls might contain clonally expanded populations of CMV-specific cells. To test this hypothesis, the CMV reactivity of CD4+PF+ and CD4+PF- T cells from B-CLL patients and controls was detennined using an intracellular cytokine staining flow cytometric assay. CD4+PF+ cells from untreated patients were enriched for CMV-reactive cells, as measured by . IFN-y production, compared to the CD4+PF- subset. In addition, the data indicated that CD4+ T cell immunity to CMV is dysregulated in B-CLL patients. CD4+PF+T cells from B-CLL patients are characterised by a highly differentiated CD2S-CD57+ phenotype. To further characterise the differentiation phenotype of these cells, the distribution of CD45RA and CCR7 was detennined on CD4+PF+ T cells from B-CLL patients and controls. CD4+PF+ T cells from B-CLL patients were both characterised by a highly differentiated T-effector memory TEM (CCRT) phenotype, but differed in the proportion of CD45RA expressing cells, which might reflect chronic T cell activation in the fonner group. ~inally, flowFISH analysis revealed that CD4+PF+ T cells had shorter telomeres compared CD4+PF- T cells in B-CLL patients, indicative of a more extensive replicative history. The results indicate that low, but persistent, antigenic exposure in CMVinfected individuals leads to the emergence of a CD4+PF+ T cell subset, characterised by a highly differentiated cell surface phenotype and shortened telomeres.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Більше джерел

Книги з теми "Norman B"

service), ScienceDirect (Online, ed. GABAb receptor pharmacology: A tribute to Norman Bowery. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2010.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Albright, Thomas B. The 21st Century Company, Thomas B. Albright, Norman, Oklahoma, presents the United States government, save me some pie. Norman, OK: 21st Century Co., 1999.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Grim, Ronald E. Journeys of the imagination: An exhibition of world maps and atlases from the collections of the Norman B. Leventhal Map Center at the Boston Public Library, April 2006 through August 2006. Boston: Boston Public Library, 2006.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

E, Grim Ronald, Pick Roni, and Warburton Eileen, eds. Boston & beyond: A bird's eye view of New England : an exhibit from the collections of the Norman B. Leventhal Map Center at the Boston Public Library, January 2008-June 2008. Boston: Norman B. Leventhal Map Center at the Boston Public Library, 2008.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Ivo, Hajnal. Sprachschichten des Mykenischen Griechisch: Zur Frage der Differenzierung zwischen "Mycénien spécial" und "Mycénien normal". [Salamanca]: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 1997.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Ivo, Hajnal. Sprachschichten des Mykenischen Griechisch: Zur Frage der Differenzierung zwischen "Mycénien spécial" und "Mycénien normal". [Salamanca]: Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca, 1997.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. Nomination of George D. Gould: Hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, on the nomination of George D. Gould, of New York, to be Under Secretary of the Treasury, Vice Norman B. Ture, resigned, November 7, 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

United, States Congress Senate Committee on Banking Housing and Urban Affairs. Nomination of George D. Gould: Hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, Ninety-ninth Congress, first session, on the nomination of George D. Gould, of New York, to be Under Secretary of the Treasury, Vice Norman B. Ture, resigned, November 7, 1985. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Laverty, Charles Joseph. A comparison of B and T cell monoclonal antibodies in normal and neoplastic tissues. [s.l: The Author], 1989.

Знайти повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Більше джерел

Частини книг з теми "Norman B"

Anderson, Norman B. "Anderson, Norman B. (1955–)." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 105–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39903-0_1361.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Abrams, David B., J. Rick Turner, Linda C. Baumann, Alyssa Karel, Susan E. Collins, Katie Witkiewitz, Terry Fulmer, et al. "Anderson, Norman B. (1955–)." In Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine, 86–87. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_1361.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Levinson, Norman. "The First Boundary Value Problem For ∈Δu + A(x, y)u x + B(x, y)u y + C(x, y)u = D(x, y) for Small ∈." In Selected Papers of Norman Levinson, 396–413. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5332-7_37.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Levinson, Norman. "The First Boundary Value Problem for $$\varepsilon \Delta u + A(x,y){u_x} + B(x,y){u_y} + C(x,y)u = D(x,y)$$ for Small ∈." In Selected Papers of Norman Levinson Volume 1, 396–413. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5341-9_37.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Nohel, John. "Commentary on: [L 45] Perturbations of Discontinuous Solutions of Non-Linear Systems of Differential Equations [L 48] An Ordinary Differential Equation with an Interval of Stability, a Separation Point, and an Interval of Instability [L 60] (with J. J. Levin), Singular Perturbations of Non-Linear Systems of Differential Equations and an Associated Boundary Layer Equation, [L 62] (with L. Flatto), Periodic Solutions of Singularly Perturbed Systems [L 56] (with E. A. Coddington), A Boundary Value Problem for a Nonlinear Differential Equation with a Small Parameter [L 63] (with S. Haber), A Boundary Value Problem for a Singularly Perturbed Differential Equation, [L 67] A Boundary Value Problem for a Singularly Perturbed Differential Equation, [L 46] The First Boundary Value Problem for $$ \in \Delta u + {\rm A}\left( {x,y} \right){u_x} + {\rm B}\left( {x,y} \right){u_y} + C\left( {x,y} \right)u = D\left( {x,y} \right)$$ for small ε." In Selected Papers of Norman Levinson, 267–87. Boston, MA: Birkhäuser Boston, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-5332-7_29.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Vendler, Helen. "A. Norman Jeffares, W. B. Yeats: A New Biography(London: Hutchinson, 1988) ix + 374 pp." In Yeats and Women, 323–28. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11928-8_15.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Tietjen, Thorsten, and André Decker. "Anhang B: Normen und Regelwerke." In FMEA-Praxis, 295–97. München: Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/9783446465640.011.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Andropoulos, Dean B. "Appendix B: Pediatric Normal Laboratory Values." In Gregory's Pediatric Anesthesia, 1300–1314. Oxford, UK: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444345186.app2.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Scott, David W., and Klaus Eichmann. "Normal and abnormal B cell regulation." In Immune Regulation, 131–33. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4996-2_16.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Cechova, Katarina, Wei Gu, Bihui H. Ye, Francesco Lo Coco, Chih-Chao Chang, Jiandong Zhang, Anna Migliazza, Wilfredo Mellado, Huifeng Niu, and Riccardo Dalla-Favera. "Advances in the Understanding of the Molecular Pathogenesis of Aggressive B Cell Lymphomas." In Normal and Malignant Hematopoiesis, 131–55. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1927-0_12.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Norman B"

"Control of ion gyroscale fluctuations via electrostatic biasing and sheared E×B flow in the C-2 field reversed configuration." In THE PHYSICS OF PLASMA-DRIVEN ACCELERATORS AND ACCELERATOR-DRIVEN FUSION: The Proceedings of Norman Rostoker Memorial Symposium. AIP Publishing LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4944018.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Vevatne, Jonas Nesland. "Sleipner B-1 Straddle Operation and Crossflow Project." In SPE Norway One Day Seminar. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/191328-ms.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Zakaria, Rozaimi, Abd Fatah Wahab, and R. U. Gobithaasan. "Normal type-2 fuzzy interpolating B-spline curve." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 21ST NATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES (SKSM21): Germination of Mathematical Sciences Education and Research towards Global Sustainability. AIP Publishing LLC, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4887635.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Langaas, Kåre, KolbjØrn Stenvold, Ivar Skjærpe, and Andor Hjellbakk. "Persistent Reservoir Management to Handle Unintended Crossflow Between Multiple Gas-Oil Zones in the Alvheim Field." In SPE Norway Subsurface Conference. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/209562-ms.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Abstract When drilling the East Kameleon structure in the Alvheim field in 2010, two pilot wells proved multiple and stacked hydrocarbon accumulations. The lower oil zone was developed in 2012 with a horizontal MLT well. When drilling the upper zone in 2014, the completion job failed, causing an undesirable zonal crossflow. A reservoir management strategy had to be established to secure long-term area development. To mitigate undesirable crossflow across the stuck sand screens, the well was filled with cement. A new horizontal producer was subsequently drilled and successfully completed to recover the oil from the upper zone. With potential lower-upper zonal crossflow, the reservoir model was updated to analyse the reservoir management options. Three scenarios were considered regarding zonal crossflow: a) No crossflow due to a successful cement plug, b) restricted crossflow representing mud/cement impairment, and c) fully open-hole crossflow without flow restrictions. A reservoir management strategy was established in 2015 to monitor zonal pressures and restrict upper zone production to minimize unwanted gas crossflow. Reservoir simulations showed that this was key to secure the oil recovery of the lower zone. The upper producer came on-stream with a high GOR, indicating gas crossflow according to scenario (b). From 2015 to 2020, the upper producer was choked back to low offtake rates. After five years with the lower zone oil recovery optimized, the reservoir management strategy allowed high offtake of the upper zone. Today, the upper horizontal well is one of the best oil producers in the Alvheim area, producing at a high oil rate with a declining GOR trend. The reality and the updated history matched reservoir model support scenario (b) as postulated in 2015. Analysis of recent pressure data has also strengthened the geological understanding of stratigraphical compartmentalization in this turbiditic sand deposit. This case study can act as an example of how to establish a reservoir management strategy in a complex multiple gas-oil zonal reservoir setting. It can also provide insight into the level of formation impairment when cementing a long horizontal well with stuck sand screens.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Lei, Jerry, Martyn L. Golding, and Jon M. Husson. "PREQUEL TO EXTINCTION: MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF THE NORIAN – RHAETIAN (LATE TRIASSIC) CONODONT SPECIES MOCKINA ENGLANDI AND MOCKINA CARINATA ACROSS WESTERN CANADA." In GSA Connects 2022 meeting in Denver, Colorado. Geological Society of America, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2022am-382233.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Zhang, Yanci, Hanqiu Sun, and Enhua Wu. "B-spline Surfaces of Clustered Point Sets with Normal Maps." In 2007 10th IEEE International Conference on Computer-Aided Design and Computer Graphics. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cadcg.2007.4407856.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Ghadially, Hormas, Lee Brown, Arthur Lewis, Meggan Czapiga, Viia Valge-Archer, and Robert W. Wilkinson. "Abstract 1451: Analysis of expression MHC class I chain-related gene A and B (MICA/B) in normal and tumor tissue." In Proceedings: AACR 107th Annual Meeting 2016; April 16-20, 2016; New Orleans, LA. American Association for Cancer Research, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-1451.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Filippi, J. F., D. Arnoux, N. Tubiana, B. Boutière, F. Le Caär, J. Sampol, Lab Hématol, Pr J. Sampol, and Pr Y. Carcassonne. "PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR ACTIVITY OF NORMAL AND MALIGNANT MONONUCLEAR HUMAN CELLS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643167.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Plasminogen activators (PA) are thought to play a role in the invasive and metastatic properties of many types of cancer cells. Though, discrepancies in correlations between fibrinolytic activity and metastatic potential of malignant cells have been described.In this study, we evaluated both tissue type (tPA) and urokinase type (UK) cellular PA activities in different mononuclear cell types : normal T and B human peripheral lymphocytes, B cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), human blood monocytes, alveolar macrophages, U 937, RAJI and JM cell 1ines.Mononuclear cells were isolated by Ficoll-hypaque gradients and monocytes by plastic adhesion. T and B cells were separated by a rosetting technique using sheep red blood cells. Cellular extracts were prepared by 0.5 % Triton X 100 buffer treatment followed by sonication and centrifugation 10 ' at 2000 g. PA assays were performed on the supernatants.UK-type PA was evaluated by a liquid-phase assay in presence of human plasminogen (Kabi) and chromogenic substrate S 2251 (Kabi).tPA was determinated using a solid-phase fibrin activity assay which involves an affinity separation step and thus allows selective detection of tPA.In both cases, results were reported in international units by reference to standard curves of UK (Choay) or tPA (Kabi).In all cell types tested, PA detected was essentially urokinase-type. Highest PA activity was found in U 937 cells (0.7 IU/5×l06 cells). In normal blood lymphocytes, mean PA activity was 0.08 IU/5×l06 cells. Examination of lymphocytes from patients with CLL revealed a marked decrease in UK activity as compared to normals (< 0.01 IU/5×106 cells in more than 50 % cases).The function of PA in normal lymphocyte physiology and the potential pathogenic role of diminished PA in CLL lymphocytes remains to be investigated.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Kojima, T., M. Tanimoto, T. Kamiya, Y. Obata, K. Kurachi, and H. Saito. "ANALYSIS OF FACTOR IX GENE IN NORMAL SUBJECTS AND HEMOPHILIA B PATIENTS IN JAPAN." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644077.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

We have examined DNA samples from 25 hemophilia B patients (21 B- patients, 2 BR patients and 2 B+ patients) and 51 normal subjects with molecular probes (pHFIX and 2 genomic fragments). By structural gene analysis, 4 out of 7 patients who developed anti-factor IX antibodies were detected to have gross factor IX gene deletion. Although these four patients showed normal pattern of HPRT gene detected by pCDHPRT, the gene deletions were found to expand more than 34kb including with entire factor IX exons. Quantitative Southern blot analysis of factor IX gene of the patient's family members indicated that the gene deletion was inherited in one family, establishing the carrier status of 2 aunts, 2 cousins and one sister. The 'de novo' mutation of factor IX gene was also established in 2 families. Three patients with anti-factor IX antibodies and 17 patients without antibody to factor IX had normal pattern of factor IX gene by several restriction enzyme digestions. Analysis of factor IX gene of three patients with anti-factor IX antibodies and two B+ patients are now underway to detect the unique gene defects which may be responsible for the disease Phenotypes. Common RFLPs in factor IX gene were studied in normal Japanese subjects. More than 80 X chromosomes were analysed with BamHI, Ddel, MspI, TaqI or XmnI digestion, followed by hybridization with pHFIX. RFLPs produced by these enzymes were found to be uncommon or possibly absent in normal Japanese subjects. These results imply that racial differences in the frequency of gene polymorphisms should be seriously considered before initiating the gene counseling by the genetic probes.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

High, K. A., J. P. Evans, J. L. Ware, D. W. Stafford, and H. R. Roberts. "HEMOPHILIA B IN CANINES IS DUE TO A POST-TRANSCRIPTIONAL DEFECT." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644017.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Factor IX is a vitamin K dependent plasma proteinsynthesized in the liver; a deficiency of Factor IX results in hemophilia B. An animal model for hemophilia B exists in dogs; affected animals have severe disease, with activity levels of less than 1%. The purpose of the current study is to determine the molecular basis of canine hemophilia. In previous work, we had shown that the Factor IX gene in hemophilic dogs appeared to be at least partly intact; thus, genomic DNA from normal, carrier and hemophilic dogs, when probed with sequences from the 4th, 7th, and 8th exons of the human gene, gave identical patterns on Southern blot. We have now completed the mapping of the hemophilic gene, using probes from the first, second, third and sixth exons, and have shown it to beentirely intact, that is, free of any large deletions or rearrangements, as determined by Southern blotting. In addition, using the guanidinium thiocyanate technique, we h^ve prepared total RNA from normal and -hemophilic dog livers add analyzed these samples by Northern blotting. The results show that the hemophilic dog synthesizes a Factor IX transcript of approximately 3 kilobases, that is, of the same size asthe normal dog. In addition, baaed on signal intensity, the transcript appears to be produced in roughlyequivalent amounts in the normal and hemophilic dogs.We conclude that the defect responsible for canine hemophilia B interferes with the production of the normal Factor IX protein at a post-transcriptional level. Moreover, since the hemophilic dogs produce Factor IX mRNA it should be possible to elucidate the gene defect in the hemophilic animals by preparing normal and hemophilic canine liver cDNA libraries and isolating and characterizing the respective Factor IX cDNAs.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Звіти організацій з теми "Norman B"

Lundberg, Roger. The determination of normal bone conducted speech results utilizing a radioear B-72 bone oscillator. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.3061.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Zhu, Qiqi, Jie Deng, Chong Xu, Meixi Yao, and Yu Zhu. Effects of physical activity on visuospatial working memory in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.8.0053.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Review question / Objective: P: Healthy individuals (including children, adolescents, adults, and seniors); I: Individuals who join various physical activities (including aerobic exercise, HIT, yoga, resistance training, Tai Chi, balance training, skill training, et al); C: Individuals who have no movement, do reading, or do same as normal activities; O: 1-Back Test, 2-Back Test, Trail Making Test-A, Trail Making Test-B, Digit Span Forward, Digit Span Backward; S: Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT). Condition being studied: Healthy individuals without any cognitive disorders.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Tam, Simon, Michel Macler, Michelle E. DeRose, and Mario E. Fajardo. Electronic Spectroscopy of B Atoms and B2 Molecules Isolated in Para-H2, Normal-D2, Ne, Ar, Kr, and Xe Matrices. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, May 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408930.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Burchett, Helen, Sally Griffin, Malica de Melo, Joelma Joaquim Picardo, Dylan Kneale, and Rebecca French. Structural interventions aiming to enable adolescent use of contraception in low- and middle-income countries - Final project report. Centre for Excellence and Development Impact and Learning (CEDIL), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51744/cswp5.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Reducing adolescent pregnancy is a global public health priority and enabling contraceptive use is one way to achieve this. Broader determinants of contraceptive use, such as poverty, education and social norms, can affect knowledge, attitudes, motivation and ability to access and use contraception. Structural interventions aim to address these broader determinants and include cash transfer interventions, interventions to encourage participation in school, empowerment interventions and interventions aiming to change social norms. We conducted an evidence synthesis to explore a) what structural interventions have been evaluated for their effect on adolescent contraceptive use in low- and middle-income countries and b) how such interventions may work.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Ficht, Thomas, Gary Splitter, Menachem Banai, and Menachem Davidson. Characterization of B. Melinensis REV 1 Attenuated Mutants. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580667.bard.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

Brucella Mutagenesis (TAMU) The working hypothesis for this study was that survival of Brucella vaccines was directly related to their persistence in the host. This premise is based on previously published work detailing the survival of the currently employed vaccine strains S19 and Rev 1. The approach employed signature-tagged mutagenesis to construct mutants interrupted in individual genes, and the mouse model to identify mutants with attenuated virulence/survival. Intracellular survival in macrophages is the key to both reproductive disease in ruminants and reticuloendothelial disease observed in most other species. Therefore, the mouse model permitted selection of mutants of reduced intracellular survival that would limit their ability to cause reproductive disease in ruminants. Several classes of mutants were expected. Colonization/invasion requires gene products that enhance host-agent interaction or increase resistance to antibacterial activity in macrophages. The establishment of chronic infection requires gene products necessary for intracellular bacterial growth. Maintenance of chronic infection requires gene products that sustain a low-level metabolism during periods characterized little or no growth (1, 2). Of these mutants, the latter group was of greatest interest with regard to our originally stated premise. However, the results obtained do not necessarily support a simplistic model of vaccine efficacy, i.e., long-survival of vaccine strains provides better immunity. Our conclusion can only be that optimal vaccines will only be developed with a thorough understanding of host agent interaction, and will be preferable to the use of fortuitous isolates of unknown genetic background. Each mutant could be distinguished from among a group of mutants by PCR amplification of the signature tag (5). This approach permitted infection of mice with pools of different mutants (including the parental wild-type as a control) and identified 40 mutants with apparently defective survival characteristics that were tentatively assigned to three distinct classes or groups. Group I (n=13) contained organisms that exhibited reduced survival at two weeks post-infection. Organisms in this group were recovered at normal levels by eight weeks and were not studied further, since they may persist in the host. Group II (n=11) contained organisms that were reduced by 2 weeks post infection and remained at reduced levels at eight weeks post-infection. Group III (n=16) contained mutants that were normal at two weeks, but recovered at reduced levels at eight weeks. A subset of these mutants (n= 15) was confirmed to be attenuated in mixed infections (1:1) with the parental wild-type. One of these mutants was eliminated from consideration due to a reduced growth rate in vitro that may account for its apparent growth defect in the mouse model. Although the original plan involved construction of the mutant bank in B. melitensis Rev 1 the low transformability of this strain, prevented accumulation of the necessary number of mutants. In addition, the probability that Rev 1 already carries one genetic defect increases the likelihood that a second defect will severely compromise the survival of this organism. Once key genes have been identified, it is relatively easy to prepare the appropriate genetic constructs (knockouts) lacking these genes in B. melitensis Rev 1 or any other genetic background. The construction of "designer" vaccines is expected to improve immune protection resulting from minor sequence variation corresponding to geographically distinct isolates or to design vaccines for use in specific hosts. A.2 Mouse Model of Brucella Infection (UWISC) Interferon regulatory factor-1-deficient (IRF-1-/- mice have diverse immunodeficient phenotypes that are necessary for conferring proper immune protection to intracellular bacterial infection, such as a 90% reduction of CD8+ T cells, functionally impaired NK cells, as well as a deficiency in iNOS and IL-12p40 induction. Interestingly, IRF-1-/- mice infected with diverse Brucella abortus strains reacted differently in a death and survival manner depending on the dose of injection and the level of virulence. Notably, 50% of IRF-1-/- mice intraperitoneally infected with a sublethal dose in C57BL/6 mice, i.e., 5 x 105 CFU of virulent S2308 or the attenuated vaccine S19, died at 10 and 20 days post-infection, respectively. Interestingly, the same dose of RB51, an attenuated new vaccine strain, did not induce the death of IRF-1-/- mice for the 4 weeks of infection. IRF-1-/- mice infected with four more other genetically manipulated S2308 mutants at 5 x 105 CFU also reacted in a death or survival manner depending on the level of virulence. Splenic CFU from C57BL/6 mice infected with 5 x 105 CFU of S2308, S19, or RB51, as well as four different S2308 mutants supports the finding that reduced virulence correlates with survival Of IRF-1-/- mice. Therefore, these results suggest that IRF-1 regulation of multi-gene transcription plays a crucial role in controlling B. abortus infection, and IRF-1 mice could be used as an animal model to determine the degree of B. abortus virulence by examining death or survival. A3 Diagnostic Tests for Detection of B. melitensis Rev 1 (Kimron) In this project we developed an effective PCR tool that can distinguish between Rev1 field isolates and B. melitensis virulent field strains. This has allowed, for the first time, to monitor epidemiological outbreaks of Rev1 infection in vaccinated flocks and to clearly demonstrate horizontal transfer of the strain from vaccinated ewes to unvaccinated ones. Moreover, two human isolates were characterized as Rev1 isolates implying the risk of use of improperly controlled lots of the vaccine in the national campaign. Since atypical B. melitensis biotype 1 strains have been characterized in Israel, the PCR technique has unequivocally demonstrated that strain Rev1 has not diverted into a virulent mutant. In addition, we could demonstrate that very likely a new prototype biotype 1 strain has evolved in the Middle East compared to the classical strain 16M. All the Israeli field strains have been shown to differ from strain 16M in the PstI digestion profile of the omp2a gene sequence suggesting that the local strains were possibly developed as a separate branch of B. melitensis. Should this be confirmed these data suggest that the Rev1 vaccine may not be an optimal vaccine strain for the Israeli flocks as it shares the same omp2 PstI digestion profile as strain 16M.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Nazneen, Sohela, and Maria Fernanda Silva Olivares. Strengthening Women’s Inclusion in Social Accountability Initiatives. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.002.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

In the last 20 years, social accountability initiatives have facilitated the inclusion and participation of marginalised groups in governance processes. This Policy Briefing focuses on how and what factors prove effective in strengthening women’s voice in processes holding public service providers accountable. We argue that initiatives must: (a) build technical and other forms of capacity amongst women; (b) change formal rules on women’s inclusion; (c) apply political economy analysis to unpack power dynamics, identify actors in favour of gender equality, and build a network in support of women; and (d) make long-term funding commitments for sustainable change in gender-biased norms.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Cho, Beongki. Anisotropic superconducting and normal state magnetic properties of single crystals of RNi*2*B*2*C compounds (R = Y, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, and Tm). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/130666.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Banai, Menachem, and Gary Splitter. Molecular Characterization and Function of Brucella Immunodominant Proteins. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568100.bard.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The BARD project was a continuation of a previous BARD funded research project. It was aimed at characterization of the 12kDa immunodominant protein and subsequently the cloning and expression of the gene in E. coli. Additional immunodominant proteins were sought among genomic B. abortus expression library clones using T-lymphocyte proliferation assay as a screening method. The 12kDa protein was identified as the L7/L12 ribosomal protein demonstrating in the first time the role a structural protein may play in the development of the host's immunity against the organism. The gene was cloned from B. abortus (USA) and B. melitensis (Israel) showing identity of the oligonucleotide sequence between the two species. Further subcloning allowed expression of the protein in E. coli. While the native protein was shown to have DTH antigenicity its recombinant analog lacked this activity. In contrast the two proteins elicited lymphocyte proliferation in experimental murine brucellosis. CD4+ cells of the Th1 subset predominantly responded to this protein demonstrating the development of protective immunity (g-IFN, and IL-2) in the host. Similar results were obtained with bovine Brucella primed lymphocytes. UvrA, GroE1 and GroEs were additional Brucella immunodominant proteins that demonstrated MHC class II antigenicity. The role cytotoxic cells are playing in the clearance of brucella cells was shown using knock out mice defective either in their CD4+ or CD8+ cells. CD4+ defective mice were able to clear brucella as fast as did normal mice. In contrast mice which were defective in their CD8+ cells could not clear the organisms effectively proving the importance of this subtype cell line in development of protective immunity. The understanding of the host's immune response and the expansion of the panel of Brucella immunodominant proteins opened new avenues in vaccine design. It is now feasible to selectively use immunodominant proteins either as subunit vaccine to fortify immunity of older animals or as diagnostic reagents for the serological survaillance.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Hefetz, Abraham, and Justin O. Schmidt. Use of Bee-Borne Attractants for Pollination of Nonrewarding Flowers: Model System of Male-Sterile Tomato Flowers. United States Department of Agriculture, October 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586462.bard.

Повний текст джерела

Анотація:

The use of bee natural product for enhancing pollination is especially valuable in problematic crops that are generally avoided by bees. In the present research we attempted to enhance bee visitation to Male Sterile (M-S) tomato flowers generally used in the production of hybrid seeds. These flowers that lack both pollen and nectar are unattractive to bees that learn rapidly to avoid them. The specific objects were to elucidate the chemical composition of the exocrine products of two bumble bee species the North American Bombus impatiens and the Israeli B. terrestris. Of these, to isolate and identify a bee attractant which when sprayed on M-S tomato flowers will enhance bee visitation, and to provide a procedure of the pheromone application regime. During the research we realized that our knowledge of B. impatiens is too little and we narrowed the objective to learning the basic social behavior of the bees and the pattern of foraging in a flight chamber and how it is affected by biogenic amines. Colonies of B. impatiens are characterized by a high number of workers and a relatively small number of queens. Size differences between queens and workers are pronounced and the queen seems to have full control over egg laying. Only about 9% of the workers in mature colonies had mature oocytes, and there were no signs of a "competition phase" as we know in B. terrestris. Queens and workers differ in their exocrine bouquet. Queen's Dufour's gland possesses a series of linear, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons whereas that of workers contains in addition a series of wax-type esters. Bees were trained to either visit or avoid artificially scented electronic flowers in a flight chamber. Since bee also learned to avoid scented non-rewarding flowers we attempted to interfere with this learning. We tested the effect of octopamine, a biogenic amine affecting bee behavior, on the choice behavior of free-flying bumblebees. Our results show that octopamine had no significant effect on the bees' equilibrium choice or on the overall rate of the behavioral change in response to the change in reward. Rather, octopamine significantly affected the time interval between the change in reward status and the initiation of behavioral change in the bee. In B. terrestris we studied the foraging pattern of the bees on tomato flowers in a semi commercial greenhouse in Yad Mordechai. Bee learned very quickly to avoid the non- rewarding M-S flowers, irrespective of their arrangement in the plot, i.e., their mixing with normal, pollen bearing flowers. However, bees seem to "forget" this information during the night since the foraging pattern repeats itself the next morning. Several exocrine products were tested as visitation enhancers. Among these, tarsal gland extracts are the most attractive. The compounds identified in the tarsal gland extract are mostly linear saturated hydrocarbons with small amounts of unsaturated ones. Application was performed every second day on leaves in selected inflorescences. Bee visitation increased significantly in the treated inflorescences as compared to the control, solvent treated. Treatment of the anthers cone was more effective than on the flower petals or the surrounding leaves. Methanol proved to be a non-flower-destructive solvent. We have shown that bumble bees (B. terrestris) can be manipulated by bee-borne attractants to visit non-rewarding flowers. We have further demonstrated that the bees learning ability can be manipulated by applying exogenously octopamine. Both methods can be additively applied in enhancing pollination of desired crops. Such manipulation will be especially useful in tomato cultivation for hybrid seed production.

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Newberry, R. J., and S. A. Haug. CIPW Norm, trace element, and Sr isotopic data for igneous rocks of the Tanana B-1 Quadrangle and vicinity. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.14509/1780.

Повний текст джерела

Стилі APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO та ін.

Ми пропонуємо знижки на всі преміум-плани для авторів, чиї праці увійшли до тематичних добірок літератури. Зв'яжіться з нами, щоб отримати унікальний промокод!