Готові списки джерел за темами / Non-residential Buildings

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Non-residential Buildings"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Non-residential Buildings"

1

Lim, Hyojin, Sungho Tae, and Seungjun Roh. "Analysis of the Primary Building Materials in Support of G-SEED Life Cycle Assessment in South Korea." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (August 9, 2018): 2820. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082820.

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Анотація:
In recent years, much research has been conducted internationally to quantitatively evaluate the environmental impact of buildings in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and address associated environmental problems. With this in mind, the Green Standard for Energy and Environmental Design (G-SEED) in South Korea was revised in 2016. However, the various possible evaluation methods make it difficult to conduct building life cycle assessment. Moreover, compared to research on residential buildings, life cycle assessment research on non-residential buildings is scarce. Therefore, this study analyzes primary building materials for life cycle assessment of current non-residential buildings to support Korean G-SEED requirements. Design documents for various non-residential buildings are obtained, and the types and numbers of materials used in production are determined. Next, the primary building materials contributing high cumulative weight based on the ISO14040 series of standards are analyzed. We then review the most commonly-used building materials while considering non-residential building types and structures. In addition, construction material reliability is evaluated using the environmental impact unit value. With our results, by suggesting the primary building materials in non-residential buildings, efficient life cycle assessment of non-residential buildings is possible in terms of time and cost.
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2

Kundziņa, A., I. Geipele, S. Lapuke, and M. Auders. "Energy Performance Aspects of Non-Residential Buildings in Latvia." Latvian Journal of Physics and Technical Sciences 59, no. 6 (December 1, 2022): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/lpts-2022-0045.

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Анотація:
Abstract Increase of energy efficiency is Latvia’s national priority and policy instrument that allows reducing consumption of energy and costs, increasing the safety level of energy supply and reducing dependence on import. One of the trends for reducing energy consumption is to increase energy performance of buildings. In compliance with the EU and Latvian political statements, it is required to promote renovation of residential and non-residential buildings. Studies regarding energy performance aspects in the sector of non-residential buildings in Latvia are comparatively rare; however, non-residential buildings form a considerable part of the building stock, and the increase of their energy performance can bring a significant contribution in achieving the national targets. The research analyses the sector of non-residential buildings, their characteristic statistical data, energy consumption and requirements of energy performance standards. To characterise this sector more comprehensively, information on energy performance certificates of buildings issued during the period from 2016 to 2021 has been evaluated, allowing to make general conclusions on the energy performance level of different non-residential buildings and provide proposals for trends to increase their energy efficiency.
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3

Băbălau, Anişoara, and Adriana Ionescu. "Rules of Taxing Property Buildings." Applied Mechanics and Materials 880 (March 2018): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.880.377.

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An Integral Part of the Economic and Financial Mechanism, Taxation Means, on the One Hand, the Collection of Resources to the State Budget, but Also a Legal Relationship between a Debtor and a Creditor, Including their Correlation Rights and Obligations. the Determinants of Budgetary Revenues Refer to the Subjects of Taxation, the Object of Taxation, the Unit of Taxation, the Tax Rate, the Rights and Obligations of the Debtors, their Liability, as well as the Payment Terms. Building Tax is an Annual Tax due to the Local Budget of the Administrative-Territorial Units in which the Building is Located by its Owners. Therefore, Subjects of Taxation are those who Own a Building Located on the Territory of Romania, with Certain Exceptions Regulated by the Fiscal Code. for Residential Buildings and Annex Buildings owned by Individuals, the Building Tax is Calculated by Applying a Rate between 0.08% and 0.2% on the Taxable Value of the Building. for Non-Residential Buildings owned by Individuals, the Tax is Calculated by Applying a Rate between 0.2% and 1.3% on the Taxable Amount of the Building. for Mixed-Purpose Buildings Owned by Individuals, the Tax is Calculated by Adding Together the Tax Calculated for the Area Used for Residential Purposes with the Tax Determined for the Area Used for Non-Residential Purposes. for Residential Buildings Owned or Held by Legal Entities, the Tax or the Building Tax is Calculated by Applying a Rate between 0.08% and 0.2% on the Taxable Value of the Buildings; and for Non-Residential Buildings the Tax or Tax on Buildings is Calculated by Applying a Rate between 0.2% and 1.3% Inclusive of the Taxable Value of the Building.
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4

Kim, Hye-Jin, Do-Young Choi, and Donghyun Seo. "Development and Verification of Prototypical Office Buildings Models Using the National Building Energy Consumption Survey in Korea." Sustainability 13, no. 7 (March 24, 2021): 3611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13073611.

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Анотація:
In the early 2000s, the Korean government mandated the construction of only zero-energy residential buildings by 2025 and for non-residential buildings from 2030. Two decades since the start of building energy policy enforcement, Korean experts believe that it is time to evaluate its impact. However, few studies have systematically and extensively examined the energy consumption characteristics of the non-residential building stock. In this study, a framework development is implemented for defining non-residential prototypical office buildings based on Korea’s first large-scale non-residential building survey result from the Korea Energy Economics Institute (KEEI). Then, a detailed building energy model of the defined prototypical building is constructed to verify the model’s energy estimation against observed energy consumption. As an application of the model, a case study for energy policy evaluation utilizing the constructed prototypical building model is presented. Every researcher and county may have their own circumstances when gathering definition data. However, by using the best available representative data, this suggested framework may result in informed decisions regarding energy policy development and evaluation. In addition, the mitigation of greenhouse gases from buildings may be expedited.
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5

D'Agostino, Delia, Barbara Cuniberti, and Paolo Bertoldi. "Data on European non-residential buildings." Data in Brief 14 (October 2017): 759–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2017.08.043.

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6

Badura, André, Birgit Mueller, and Ivo Martinac. "Managing climate-change-induced overheating in non-residential buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017202009.

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Анотація:
Large and rapid climatic changes can be uncomfortable and sometimes hazardous to humans. Buildings protect people from external climatic conditions, and also mitigate the impacts of external climate extremes through their design and construction, as well as with the help of dedicated building service and other technical systems. Active space conditioning accounts for more than 30 per cent of the overall final energy use in Germany. In the life cycle of a building, the construction phase (planning and construction) is the phase with the shortest duration. However, the quality applied during this phase has a significant impact on the resources required, as well as the overall building performance during the much longer operational phase. Once built, buildings are often unable to adapt to boundary conditions that were not considered in the original building design. Consequently, changing outdoor climate conditions can result in an uncomfortable indoor climate over the lifetime of a building. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of flexible solutions for reducing winter heating loads and to reducing/avoiding summer cooling loads in nonresidential buildings in Germany. Various external shading scenarios for non-residential buildings were analysed using the IDA ICE indoor climate and energy simulation tool. Key simulation parameters included the orientation and location of the building, as well as the envelope structure. We investigated the impacts of solar shading on heat storage in the building mass and indoor climate and how different types of envelopes affect overall energy use. The result shows that the use of an adaptive building envelope allows a higher reduction of the total energy demand by 7 % to 15 % compared to an increase in insulation thickness only.
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7

Modebadze, Grigol. "Residential and Non-Residential Building Damage and Loss Assessment in Georgia." European Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 3 (October 1, 2022): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2022.v11n3p265.

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Анотація:
This paper responds to the necessity for the creation of a unified disaster damage and loss assessment method for residential and non-residential buildings in Georgia. The objective of this study is to elaborate on an improved standardized formula for damage assessment in the residential and non-residential sector. The formula provides additional clarity to the various worldwide methodologies and frameworks presently used in the damage assessment of buildings and structures. The paper itself provides four key findings: 1) that each assessment approach and the amount of damage and loss calculated for the residential sector are based on various subjective opinions (non-systematic/standardized damage assessment approaches), derived from the best knowledge from commissions created at the municipal level; 2) a review of global methodologies and frameworks revealed a clear gap in the provision of formulas for calculating economic losses in the residential and non-residential sector; 3) the need for a comprehensive explanation of the unit cost of construction in the UNISDR methodology was identified; and 4) the necessity to collect detailed and specific data for the damage and loss calculation, alongside a requirement for frequent renewals of the integrated database (associated with the need for additional resources) – without which it often leads many countries, including Georgia, to use ineffective methodologies (e.g., HAZUS). Therefore, the study offers a new and original approach for assessing damaged buildings and provides an alternative method to fill the gap in the damage assessment of particular types of buildings and structures. Moreover, the paper proposes a building damage assessment formula that does not require specific databases to be frequently updated or integrated within the GIS system. Keywords: Disaster Assessment, Residential and Non-residential Sector, Disaster Resilience, Applied Approach, Damage and Loss, Georgia
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8

Băbălau, Anişoara. "Tax Rules of Buildings from Craiova in 2019." Applied Mechanics and Materials 896 (February 2020): 371–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.896.371.

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Анотація:
Taxes have a mandatory character, they are paid in money form by taxable subjects (natural, legal persons and entities without legal personality) for the realized income, the provision of services and the goods they own. Taxes can be collected using several methods: stop at source (the tax is transferred to the state budget by a third person); the method of applying and canceling mobile tax stamps; offsetting the amounts paid in addition; the method of claiming compensation for legal facilities; contesting the revenues illegally collected. According to the Decision no.533 / 2018 adopted by the Local Council of Craiova, for residential buildings and annex buildings owned by natural persons, the tax rate on buildings is 0.08% on the taxable value of the building. For non-residential buildings owned by natural persons, the tax rate is 0.4% applied to the taxable value of the building. In the case of buildings owned by legal entities, the tax rate on buildings for residential ones is 0.2%, and for non-residential ones 1.3% on the taxable value of the building. Also, tax exemptions were granted for the following categories of buildings: buildings which, according to the law, are considered historical, architectural or archaeological monuments, except for the rooms that are used for economic activities; buildings used for the provision of social services by non-governmental organizations and social enterprises as providers of social services; buildings used by non-profit organizations, used exclusively for non-profit activities, etc.
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9

Vaghefi, A., Farbod Farzan, and Mohsen A. Jafari. "Modeling industrial loads in non-residential buildings." Applied Energy 158 (November 2015): 378–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.08.077.

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10

Haristianti, Vika, and Wiwik Dwi Pratiwi. "Transformasi Spasial Hunian Pada Eks-Backpacker Enclaves Studi Kasus: Jalan Jaksa, Jakarta Pusat." Review of Urbanism and Architectural Studies 18, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.ruas.2020.018.01.5.

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Анотація:
This study aims to discover the extent of spatial transformation in residential areas on Jalan Jaksa, known as the ex-backpacker enclaves due to the concept of supply and demand. Spatial function, building facades, and corridors in residentials are the assessed variables. This study uses a qualitative method. Data collection is done by field observations, interviews, and literature review. The sampling method is using a non-random type or probability sample. The results of the analysis showed that from 26 samples there were 12 building/ residential samples (46.1%) that underwent installation, meaning that the building characteristics were adaptive, five buildings/ residential samples (19.2%) had insertion, meaning that the building was considered to be quite adaptive, and nine buildings/ residential samples (34 %) experiencing intervention, which means the building is not adaptive. In addition, the most changing category is the transformation in housing into multi-story buildings, lodging, and mixed-use buildings.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Non-residential Buildings"

1

Clarke, Colin Nigel. "Midply shear walls use in non-residential buildings." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5101.

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Анотація:
The MIDPLY shear wall has been developed to be used as a structural system for severe earthquakes. This type of construction has emerged as a viable alternative to concrete and steel for non-residential buildings. The MIDPLY shear wall utilizes a novel arrangement of sheathing and framing members with a special nailing technique. The MIDPLY joints have a different failure mode from that which is observed in standard shear walls. The study reported in this thesis focuses on the response of the MIDPLY shear wall due to monotonic and cyclic tests; the response of an increase size in the cross-section members of the MIDPLY shear wall; and also the evaluation of the design and performance of hold-down connections at the boundary end studs of the MIDPLY shear wall. Previously tested MIDPLY shear walls showed that the boundary end stud hold-down connection is a very critical component in the performance of the MIDPLY shear wall. After a simplified analysis of 2 possible hold-down connections (see Fig. 7, 8, 9 and 10), hold-down connection #2 was selected as the most viable option since it had the ability to withstand large lateral forces. For non-residential buildings we expect a larger lateral force when compared to residential buildings. Therefore the cross-section of the members in the MIDPLY shear wall was increased and the number of boundary end studs was modified. These measures resulted in an increase in the lateral force capacity with the use of hold-down connection #2. The experimental results were used to verify an analytical model representing the MIDPLY shear wall in load-displacement characteristics. Recommendations and future research will also be discussed to show the way for further performance optimization of the wall system.
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2

Ma, Yizheng. "PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY POTENTIAL FOR NON- RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN VISBY." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448444.

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Анотація:
Gotland is a pilot area for Sweden to achieve carbon neutrality, which means that achieve a 100% sustainable energy supply is significant for Gotland energy development. Gotland has good sunshine conditions and solar radiation, but the development of solar energy is relatively slow. In order to prove that Visby, the largest city in Gotland, has good solar energy potential, this paper aims to investigate the PV potential for non-residential buildings in Visby by modelling the installation of roof solar panels on representative non- residential buildings (Visby Galleria, surrounding buildings in Stenhuggarvägen) through quantitative research methods. From the final result of the modelling, the solar energy potential per square meter of Visby's non-residential buildings is 121kWh, and the total solar electricity generation potential is 708 GWh. The research results show that Visby's non-residential buildings have high solar power potential, and it can be used as one of the methods to achieve a 100% sustainable energy supply.
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3

Børke, Ragnhild. "Energy efficiency in non-residential buildings: Motivation, barriers and strategies." Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Industrial Ecology Programme, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1406.

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Анотація:

In the thesis, causes of the energy efficiency gap, i.e. that seemingly attractive investments in energy efficiency are systematically passed over are explored, and policy instruments and business strategies that can be used to overcome this inefficiency are discussed. The economic literature of the efficiency gap focuses either on factors that are not included in the calculations of the gap, and that may explain why observed behaviour is actually efficient, or market failures that justifies policy intervention. In response to the economic literature, organizational and behavioural approaches have arisen, focusing on factors that preclude some of the assumptions made in economic theory.

A case study of four organizations has been carried out, investigating the decision processes, investment rules and motivation for energy efficiency measures. The main results are that all the organizations work systematically with energy observation and improving practices, while larger investments seem to be less prioritized. The building managers seem to cope with uncertainty by being conservative. Direct economic profitability is considered sufficient motivation for implementing energy-efficiency measures, while at the same time, the choice of investment objects is guided by strategic targets or general desirability. Capital-rationing occurs, but this competition among profitable projects is not considered a problem in the organizations. There is also some evidence of lack of incentives for energy conservation among occupants. A possible connection between emphasis on environmental results centrally in the organization and improvement in energy efficiency is established, and there are some indications that the start-up of an energy program depends on individuals.

The discussion of strategies to increase implementation of energy efficiency measures focuses on how to allow for technological change, and particularly diffusion of technologies. In this regard, looking for positive feed-back loops is important. A combination of market-based and behavioural instruments seems appropriate. Three specific strategies are explored: energy contracting, energy certificates and start-up help for arranging goals and routines for improvement.

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4

Zhao, Ying. "A decision-support framework for design of natural ventilation in non-residential buildings." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27061.

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Анотація:
This study develops a decision-support framework assisting the design of non-residential buildings with natural ventilation. The framework is composed of decision modules with input, analysis algorithms and output of natural ventilation design. The framework covers ventilation with natural driving force and mechanical-assisted ventilation. The framework has two major assessment levels: feasibility assessment and comparison of alternative natural ventilation approaches. The feasibility assessment modules assess the potential of the site with the design proposition for natural ventilation in terms of wind, temperature, humidity, noise and pollution conditions. All of the possible natural ventilation approaches and system designs are assessed by first applying constraints functions to each of the alternatives. Then the comparison of alternative approaches to natural ventilation continues by assessing the critical performance mandates that include energy savings, thermal comfort, acoustic control, indoor air quality and cost. Approaches are finally ranked based on their performance.
Ph. D.
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5

Tiwari, Railesha. "A Decision-Support Framework for Design of Non-Residential Net-Zero Energy Buildings." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/73301.

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Анотація:
Designing Net-Zero Energy Buildings (NZEB) is a complex and collaborative team process involving knowledge sharing of experts leading to the common goal of meeting the Net-Zero Energy (NZE) project objectives. The decisions made in the early stages of design drastically affect the final outcome of design and energy goals. The Architecture, Engineering and Construction (AEC) industry is pursuing ways to improve the current building design process and project delivery methods for NZEBs. To enable the building industry to improve the building design process, it is important to identify the gaps, ways of improvement and potential opportunities to structure the decision-making process for the purpose of NZE performance outcome. It is essential to identify the iterative phases of design decisions between the integrated team of experts for the design processes conducted in these early stages to facilitate the decision-making of NZEB design. The lack of a structured approach to help the AEC industry in making informed decisions for the NZEB context establishes the need to evaluate the argumentation of the NZEB design decision process. The first step in understanding the NZEB design decision process is to map the current processes in practice that have been successful in achieving the NZE goal. Since the energy use performance goal drives the design process, this research emphasizes first the need to document, in detail, and investigate the current NZEB design process with knowledge mapping techniques to develop an improved process specific to NZEB context. In order to meet this first objective, this research qualitatively analyzed four NZEB case studies that informed decision-making in the early design phases. The four components that were studied in the early design phases included (1) key stakeholders involved (roles played), (2) phases of assessments (design approach, (3) processes (key processes, sub-processes and design activities affecting performance) and (4) technology (knowledge type and flow). A series of semi-structured, open-ended interviews were conducted with the key decision-makers and decision facilitators to identify their roles in the early design processes, the design approach adopted, rationale for decision-making, types of evaluations performed, and tools used for analysis. The qualitative data analysis was performed through content analysis and cognitive mapping techniques. Through this process, the key phases of decision-making were identified that resulted in understanding of the path to achieving NZE design goal and performance outcome. The second objective of this research was to identify the NZE decision nodes through a comparative investigation of the case studies. This research also explored the key issues specific to each stakeholder group. The inter-relationships between the project objectives, decision context, occupants usage patterns, strategies and integrated systems, building operation and renewable energy production was identified through a series of knowledge maps and visual process models leading to the identification of the key performance indicators. This research reviewed the similarities and differences in the processes to identify significant opportunities that can improve the early building design process for NZEBs. This research identifies the key decision phases used by the integrated teams and describes the underlying structure that can change the order of key phases. A process mapping technique was adapted to capture the practice-based complex NZEB design approach and draw insights of the teamwork and interdisciplinary communication to enable more comprehensive understanding of linkages between processes, sub-processes and design activities, knowledge exchange, and decision rationale. Ket performance indicators identified for early design of NZEBs resulted in developing a decision-support process model that can help the AEC industry in making informed decisions. This dissertation helps improve understanding of linkages between processes, decision nodes and decision rationale to enable industry-wide NZEB design process assessment and improvement. This dissertation discusses the benefits the proposed NZEB design process model brings to the AEC industry and explores future development efforts.
Ph. D.
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6

PICCO, Marco. "Dynamic energy simulation toward integrated design of non-residential buildings. Model description simplifications and their impact on simulation results." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/222120.

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Анотація:
The present thesis stems from the benefits of the application of energy analysis in the early-stage building design. The research highlights the barriers that prevent this early integration and finally proposes the development of a simplified modelling methodology tailored around the optimization of energy efficiency during early-stage design. In general, the research aims to identify (a) the accuracy level obtainable through progressive simplifications of the building model, (b) the most significant building parameters with respect to the model accuracy and (c) the maximum level of simplification both able to ensure the respect of time requirements dictated by early-stage building design and to maintain an acceptable level of correctness. Those results are achieved by defining a methodology, which consists in developing a simplification protocol and applying it to a suitable number of case studies featuring large non-residential buildings starting from a detailed model and progressively enhancing the level of simplification. The protocol is based on the use of EnergyPlus software both to develop a detailed model of the building under various system hypothesis, and to simplify the model until a reasonable accuracy is still attained by the energy simulations. At each progressive simplification step, a comparison with the detailed model results is given in terms of building energy needs and power curves of the system. The quantitative differences between detailed and simplified model are analysed to determine the quality of the results of the simplified model. The results of the case studies are then utilized to propose the implementation of a simplified energy simulation tool based on the aforementioned protocol.
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7

Gana, Victoria Fatima Granny. "Soft Landings based Design Management as a tool to enhance Sustainability : a case study of non-residential buildings in the UK." Thesis, University of Kent, 2018. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/67340/.

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Анотація:
This thesis charts the rise of sustainable buildings and traces the evolution of design management from a process used in design to its current position in the construction industry in the UK. The established fact that design plays a vital role in achieving sustainability in building presents itself from different perspectives. For projects to achieve their sustainability targets, the industry must understand the issues surrounding sustainability. The industry can look to Soft Landings to be the next step in the evolution of design management. With the industry having to deal with ever stringent targets from policymakers, and the uncertainty surrounding the decision of the United Kingdom to leave the European Union, how can Soft Landings be positioned to be effective in closing the performance gap in non-residential buildings? 'Intellectual inquisitiveness' should lead us to ask how we can get the best out of the current processes. The thesis looks at the working processes of Soft Landings projects at the design stage to discover how the interactions between the design team and other team members can foster collaborative working. It also aims to develop a framework for quality communication and information flow. Using case studies and interviews with the professionals involved in the projects, the research uncovers important elements for achieving sustainability. The research discovered that although the projects adopted Soft Landings, there was still an atmosphere of holding back information that may be important to the project because of future competition. There was also a lag in the flow of information during the distinct stages of the project which had a negative effect on some of the projects. The research concludes that although the framework for Soft Landings is comprehensive and can enhance energy efficiency in buildings, it does not adequately address communication between teams, especially during the design process. The implications of this research for design teams is the use of communication and information flow frameworks specific to Soft Landings to assist them in communication with other teams. The contribution of this research is adding to the body of work for academic research into Soft Landings. It has shed light on the practical adoption and the challenges of the process.
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8

Bosell, Josefine, and Martin Lindblad. "Fastighetstaxering av lokalhyreshus : Utrymmen under mark." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för Industriell utveckling, IT och Samhällsbyggnad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21934.

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Анотація:
Vid fastighetstaxering av lokalhyreshus tar inte värderingsmodellen för mark hänsyn till att det finns utrymmen under mark som generar hyresintäkter. Det innebär att taxeringsvärdet för markvärdet möjligtvis inte avspeglar marknadsvärdet.  Syftet med arbetet är att göra en kartläggning av två svenska städer för att tillhandahålla underlag som hjälper Lantmäteriet i sitt arbete att förbättra kvaliteten på taxeringsvärdet. Målet är att identifiera möjliga samband mellan marknadsvärdet i jämförelse med taxeringsvärdet för fastigheter med och utan utrymme under mark.  Metoderna som tillämpas är en kvalitativ analys av köpesummor i förhållande till taxeringsvärden och kvalitativa intervjuer. Analysen av köpesummor utfördes för att besvara om utrymme under mark påverkar marknadsvärdet jämfört med taxeringsvärdet. Intervjuerna syftar till att ge djupare kunskap om värdet för utrymme under mark. Resultatet från analysen av köpesummor visade att marknadsvärdet inte påverkades av utrymme under mark. Däremot framgick det i intervjuerna att markvärdet för utrymme under mark bör behandlas annorlunda vid taxering eftersom det har ett beaktansvärt värde. Slutsatsen blev därför att utrymme under mark som genererar intäkter borde tas med i fastighetstaxeringen under säregna förhållanden.
At a property tax assesment of a non-residential rental housing unit the valuation model of land does not take in to consideration the space beneath it that generate revenue from rent. This means that the tax assessment value of the land does not necessarily reflect the market value.   The purpose of this paper is to make a survey, of two Swedish cities, that can provide the National Land Survey with information that can help them improve the quality of the tax assessment value. The aim is to identify possible connections between the market value in comparison to the tax assessment value of properties with and without space beneath ground.  The methods used are a qualitative analysis of the purchase price in relation to tax assessment values and qualitative interviews. The analysis of the purchase price was done to answer if space beneath ground affects the market value compared to the tax assessment value. The interviews aim to create a deeper knowledge of the value of space beneath ground.  The results from the analysis of the purchase price showed that the market value was not affected by space beneath ground. However, it emerged in the interviews that the land value for space beneath ground should be handled differently during assassment, because it has a noteworthy value. The conclusion was that space beneath ground that generates revenue, should be included in the property tax assessment under special conditions.
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9

Rose, Timothy M. "The impact of financial incentive mechanisms on motivation in Australian government large non-residential building projects." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/16680/1/Timothy_Michael_Rose_Thesis.pdf.

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The use of financial incentives mechanisms (FIMs) in Australian government large nonresidential building projects is seen as a way to improve project motivation and outcomes and reinforce long-term commitment between participants. Yet very little empirical research has been conducted into how FIMs should be applied in the context of construction projects and what determines their impact on motivation. The primary aim of this research was to identify the motivation drivers impacting on the achievement of FIM goals. This allowed for the formulation of recommendations to improve Australian government building procurement strategies, creating the potential for better project outcomes. The research involved four major case studies of large construction projects. Analysis of motivation drivers on each project was based on interviews with senior project participants, secondary documentation and site visits. Once the motivation drivers were identified, they were ranked by the weighted number of motivation indicators impacted, to give an indication of their relative importance. The results provide Australian government clients with key areas for policy direction. The findings indicate that the following motivation drivers (in order of impact) were more important than FIM design in achieving FIM goals: equitable contract risk allocation and management scope for future project opportunities with the client harmonious project relationships early contractor involvement in design stages value-driven tender selection processes. A consequence of ignoring these key procurement initiatives can be a less than ideal FIM goal performance, despite the nature of FIM design, including the strength of the reward on offer. FIMs have the potential to be a valuable addition to any project procurement strategy. Yet, the main message of this thesis is: If clients rely solely on financial incentives as the driver of motivation it will likely result in failure.
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Rose, Timothy M. "The impact of financial incentive mechanisms on motivation in Australian government large non-residential building projects." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16680/.

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Анотація:
The use of financial incentives mechanisms (FIMs) in Australian government large nonresidential building projects is seen as a way to improve project motivation and outcomes and reinforce long-term commitment between participants. Yet very little empirical research has been conducted into how FIMs should be applied in the context of construction projects and what determines their impact on motivation. The primary aim of this research was to identify the motivation drivers impacting on the achievement of FIM goals. This allowed for the formulation of recommendations to improve Australian government building procurement strategies, creating the potential for better project outcomes. The research involved four major case studies of large construction projects. Analysis of motivation drivers on each project was based on interviews with senior project participants, secondary documentation and site visits. Once the motivation drivers were identified, they were ranked by the weighted number of motivation indicators impacted, to give an indication of their relative importance. The results provide Australian government clients with key areas for policy direction. The findings indicate that the following motivation drivers (in order of impact) were more important than FIM design in achieving FIM goals: equitable contract risk allocation and management scope for future project opportunities with the client harmonious project relationships early contractor involvement in design stages value-driven tender selection processes. A consequence of ignoring these key procurement initiatives can be a less than ideal FIM goal performance, despite the nature of FIM design, including the strength of the reward on offer. FIMs have the potential to be a valuable addition to any project procurement strategy. Yet, the main message of this thesis is: If clients rely solely on financial incentives as the driver of motivation it will likely result in failure.
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Книги з теми "Non-residential Buildings"

1

United States. Federal Emergency Management Agency. Floodproofing non-residential buildings. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security, FEMA, 2013.

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2

Associates, Booker. Floodproofing non-residential structures. [Washington, D.C.]: Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1986.

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Associates, Booker. Floodproofing non-residential structures. [Washington, D.C.]: Federal Emergency Management Agency, 1986.

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4

European Commission. Directorate-General for Energy and Joule-Thermie Programme, eds. Small-scale cogeneration in non-residential buildings. Roma, Italia: Istituto Cooperativo per l'Innovazione, 1998.

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5

Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General Energy., ed. Small-scale cogeneration in non-residential buildings. Roma: Istituto Cooperativo per l'Innovazione, 1992.

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6

William, Fawcett, ed. Design for inherent security: Guidance for non-residential buildings. London: Construction Industry Research and Information Association, 1995.

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7

Cummings, James B. Uncontrolled air flow in non-residential buildings: Final report. Cocoa, Fla: Florida Solar Energy Center, 1996.

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8

Jennifer, O'Connor, ed. Wood opportunities in non-residential buildings: A roadmap for the wood products industry. Vancouver: Forintek Canada Corp., 2003.

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9

Baylon, David. Baseline characteristics of the non-residential sector: Idaho, Montana, Oregon and Washington. Portland, Or: The Alliance, 2001.

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10

Williamson, Thomas G. Research, technology transfer, and education needs assessment for non-residential wood structures in California. Madison, Wis.]: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, 2009.

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Частини книг з теми "Non-residential Buildings"

1

Glover, Peter. "Reports on Non-residential Buildings." In Building Surveys, 190–202. 9th ed. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003307112-14.

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2

Hebenstreit, Hannes, Bernd Hafner, Wolfgang Stumpf, and Harald Mattenberger. "Towards 2020: Zero-Energy Building for Residential and Non-Residential Buildings." In World Sustainable Energy Days Next 2014, 27–34. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-04355-1_4.

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3

Gordon, Harry T., P. Richard Rittelmann, Justin Estoque, G. Kimball Hart, and Min Kantrowitz. "Passive Solar Energy for Non-Residential Buildings." In Advances in Solar Energy, 171–206. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2227-6_3.

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4

Monge-Barrio, Aurora, and Ana Sánchez-Ostiz Gutiérrez. "Vulnerable and Non-vulnerable Occupants in Residential Buildings." In Passive Energy Strategies for Mediterranean Residential Buildings, 21–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69883-0_3.

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5

Rezaie, Behnaz, Ibrahim Dincer, and Ebrahim Esmailzadeh. "Evaluation of Sustainable Energy Options for Non-residential Buildings." In Progress in Sustainable Energy Technologies Vol II, 11–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-07977-6_2.

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6

Zemitis, Jurgis, Anatolijs Borodinecs, and Targo Kalamees. "Analysis of Various Ventilation Solutions for Residential and Non-residential Buildings in Latvia and Estonia." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 51–61. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00662-4_5.

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7

Cantisani, Gaetano, and Gaetano Della Corte. "Collapse Fragility Curves for Non-residential Older Single-Storey Steel Buildings." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 432–39. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-03811-2_44.

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8

Barbadilla, Elena, José Guadix, Pablo Aparicio, and Pablo Cortés. "Thermal Comfort Field Study Based on Adaptive Comfort Theory in Non-residential Buildings." In Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering, 327–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45748-2_35.

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9

Barbadilla-Martín, Elena, José Guadix, Pablo Cortés, and María Rodríguez-Palero. "Fuzzy Logic for the Improvement of Thermal Comfort and Energy Efficiency in Non-residential Buildings." In Lecture Notes in Management and Industrial Engineering, 303–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44530-0_35.

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10

Wauman, Barbara, Wout Parys, Hilde Breesch, and Dirk Saelens. "Evaluation of a Simplified Calculation Approach for Final Heating Energy Use in Non-residential Buildings." In Energy, Environment, and Sustainability, 139–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3284-5_7.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Non-residential Buildings"

1

Balaras, Constantinos, Elena Dascalaki, Kalliopi Droutsa, Meletia Micha, Simon Kontyiannidis, and Atanassios Argiriou. "Energy use Intensities for Non-Residential Buildings." In 48th International HVAC&R Congress. Union of Mechanical and Electrotechnical Engineers and Technicians of Serbia (SMEITS), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24094/kghk.017.48.1.369.

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2

Kretzschmar, Daniel. "Stock dynamics of non-residential buildings in Germany." In 28th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference. European Real Estate Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2022_52.

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3

Penya, Yoseba K., Cruz E. Borges, and Ivan Fernandez. "Short-term load forecasting in non-residential Buildings." In AFRICON 2011. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/afrcon.2011.6072062.

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4

Penya, Yoseba K., Cruz E. Borges, Denis Agote, and Ivan Fernandez. "Short-term load forecasting in air-conditioned non-residential Buildings." In 2011 IEEE 20th International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isie.2011.5984356.

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5

BELLERI, Annamaria, Spencer DUTTON, Ulrich FILIPPI OBEREGGER, and Roberto LOLLINI. "A Sensitivity Analysis Of Natural Ventilation Design Parameters For Non Residential Buildings." In 2017 Building Simulation Conference. IBPSA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.26868/25222708.2013.1418.

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6

Alogdianakis, Filippos, Konstantinos G. Megalooikonomou, and Georgios S. Papavasileiou. "COMPARATIVE NON-STRUCTURAL VULNERABILITY ASSESSMENT METHODS FOR HISTORICAL RESIDENTIAL MASONRY BUILDINGS." In 8th International Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering. Athens: Institute of Structural Analysis and Antiseismic Research National Technical University of Athens, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7712/120121.8541.19178.

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7

Haase, Matthias, and Tor Helge Dokka. "The Development of Passivhouse Criteria for Non Residential Buildings in Norway." In EuroSun 2010. Freiburg, Germany: International Solar Energy Society, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.18086/eurosun.2010.03.08.

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8

Kim, J., and A. Latos. "Non-drinking water self-sufficiency of residential buildings utilizing rainwater harvesting." In URBAN WATER 2016. Southampton UK: WIT Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/uw160141.

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9

Tziovani, Lysandros, Panayiotis Kolios, Lenos Hadjidemetriou, and Elias Kyriakides. "Energy scheduling in non-residential buildings integrating battery storage and renewable solutions." In 2018 IEEE International Energy Conference (ENERGYCON). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/energycon.2018.8398738.

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10

Raimondi, Francesco Maria, Domenico Curto, and Daniele Milone. "Environmental sustainability in non-residential buildings by automating and optimization LENI index." In 2018 Thirteenth International Conference on Ecological Vehicles and Renewable Energies (EVER). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ever.2018.8362350.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Non-residential Buildings"

1

de Boer, Jan. Daylighting of Non–Residential Buildings: Position Paper. IEA SHC Task 61, January 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task61-2019-0001.

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Cantisani, Gaetano, and Gaetano Della Corte. SEISMIC RESPONSE OF NON-CONFORMING SINGLE-STORY NON-RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS CONSIDERING ENVELOPE PANELS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, December 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/icass2018.p.089.

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3

Task 47, IEA SHC. IEA SHC Task 47 - Position Paper: Solar Renovation of Non-Residential Buildings. IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programme, September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task47-2015-0004.

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4

Frandsen, Martin, Jakob Vind Madsen, Rasmus Lund Jensen, and Michal Zbigniew Pomianowski. Domestic water measurement in two Danish office and educational buildings - Data set description. Aalborg University, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau481810642.

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Measurement data of domestic water in non-residential buildings is sparse. More data is needed to describe the non-residential buildings’ domestic hot water (DHW) demand and to be able to design more efficient DHW systems. This DCE Technical Report aims to present and describe the data set: “Data set - Domestic water at CREATE and TMV23”. This data set contains measurement data from two office and educational buildings in Aalborg, Denmark. The measurements in the building CREATE are conducted from October 2018 to January 2019 and in the building TMV23 from April 2021 to May 2021. The data set consists of water flow rates and temperatures for the domestic cold water, domestic hot water, district heating for DHW production, and DHW circulation circuit.
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5

Coughlin, Katie, Mary Ann Piette, Charles Goldman, and Sila Kiliccote. Estimating Demand Response Load Impacts: Evaluation of BaselineLoad Models for Non-Residential Buildings in California. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/928452.

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6

AMORIM NAVES DAVID, Cláudia, Veronica GARCIA-HANSEN, Niko GENTILE, Werner OSTERHAUS, and Kieu PHAM, eds. Evaluating integrated lighting projects. IEA SHC Task 61, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task61-2021-0006.

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The report targets industry professionals, building designers, lighting designers, building managers, researchers and/or owners wishing to evaluate projects where lighting is supplied by a combination of electrical lighting, daylighting systems (e.g., fenestrations) and assisted technologies (e.g., smart sensors). The framework in this report makes available methods and procedures related to the evaluation of integrated lighting performance in residential and non-residential buildings and its impact on users, and it summarises and categorize methods and procedures in an accessible and industry-oriented language.
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7

Hugh I. Henderson, Jensen Zhang, James B. Cummings, and Terry Brennan. Mitigating the Impacts of Uncontrolled Air Flow on Indoor Environmental Quality and Energy Demand in Non-Residential Buildings. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/924486.

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8

Salvesen, Fritjof, and Mari Lyseid Authen. Lessons learned from 20 Non-Residential Building Renovations. IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programme, February 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task47-2015-0002.

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9

Haavik, Trond, and Paul Jacob Helgesen. Market Change: Upgrading of the non-residential building stock towards nZEB standard. IEA Solar Heating and Cooling Programme, December 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task47-2014-0001.

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10

Harter, Rachel, Joseph McMichael, and S. Grace Deng. New Approach for Handling Drop Point Addresses in Mail/ Web Surveys. RTI Press, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2022.op.0074.2209.

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The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of drop unit substitution in address-based samples for mail and web surveys. A drop point is a single US Postal Service (USPS) delivery point or receptacle that services multiple businesses, families, or households (USPS, 2017). Residential drop units are the individual housing units served by the drop point address. For the most part, address-based sampling frames list the number of units at a drop point address but will not contain information identifying specific units. Drop units comprise less than 2 percent of all residential addresses in the United States (McMichael, 2017), but they tend to be concentrated in certain large cities. In Queens, New York, for example, drop units constitute 27 percent of residential housing units. The problem with drop units for address-based surveys with mail contacts is that, without names or unit identifiers, there is no way to control which unit receives the various mailings. This limitation leads to distorted selection probabilities, renders the use of cash incentives by mail impractical, and precludes traditional methods for mail nonresponse follow-up, thus resulting in higher nonresponse. Alternatively, excluding drop units results in coverage error, which can be considerable for some subnational estimates. The authors propose a substitution approach when a drop unit is sampled—in other words, replacing the unit with a similar nearby unit in a non–drop point building.
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