Готові списки джерел за темами / Non-conventional Energy - Solar Energy

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Non-conventional Energy - Solar Energy"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 7 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Non-conventional Energy - Solar Energy"

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Naim, Mona M., and Mervat A. Abd El Kawi. "Non-conventional solar stills Part 2. Non-conventional solar stills with energy storage element." Desalination 153, no. 1-3 (February 2003): 71–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-9164(02)01095-0.

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Alkilani, Fouad, Ouassini Nemraoui, and Fareed Ismail. "Performance evaluation of solar still integrated with thermoelectric heat pump system." AIMS Energy 11, no. 1 (2023): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2023003.

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<abstract> <p>This research presents a method for improving a conventional solar still to produce potable water during adverse conditions where there is low or no solar radiation. Summer and winter conditions in the Western Cape province of South Africa were considered. A comparative experimental study was conducted between a conventional solar still and the developed solar still. The developed solar still incorporated a photovoltaic powered thermoelectric heat pump. The purpose of the thermoelectric (TE) heat pump was to accelerate convection inside the developed solar still assembly. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the thermoelectric heat pump installed in the developed solar still ranged from 0.4 to 1.9 at an input current of 5 A. The results indicated that the developed solar still was able to produce 2300 mL per day of drinkable water during a good day in the winter, but the conventional solar still was only able to produce 650 mL per day. The developed solar still produced 2180 mL per day, whereas the ordinary solar still produced 1050 mL per day, during a mild summer day. The developed still had an accumulated water production of 1180 mL during a night with mild temperatures. This significant improvement in yield of the developed solar still system is due to the change in temperature difference between the glazing and the water surface within the developed solar still. This is a significant contribution to the technology of solar water purification.</p> </abstract>
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Abdullah ALHinai, Humaid, Azrul Mohd Ariffin, and Miszina Osman. "Revolutionizing Oman's energy network with an optimal mixture renewable energy source." AIMS Energy 11, no. 4 (2023): 628–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2023032.

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<abstract> <p>The electricity demand has increased to 240% during the last decade in the Sultanate of Oman due to population growth and industrial expansion. Solar energy can act as an alternate source of energy production to meet the surge in demand for electric power. Also, the government has planned to derive 30% of the electricity from renewables by 2030. Moreover, agreements have been made to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by decreasing 7% by 2030. The main objective of this paper is to design a grid-connected PV solar system based on the real-time data collected from the location called Nizwa, Oman using Hybrid Optimization of Multiple Electric Renewables (HOMER) software. The real-time data of average high and low temperature, solar radiation, estimated monthly average daily sunshine and peak hours of solar radiation of Nizwa has been collected from Meteorological Office Oman for January to December 2022. Nizwa recorded a temperature max of 43 ℃ during summer and 12 ℃ in January. Daily sun radiation in July averages between 5,500 and 6,000 Wh/m<sup>2</sup>, and the average sunshine is 9 hours per day at the selected project area (Nizwa). The collected data has been analyzed and designed using HOMER software. HOMER is used to model, optimize and analyze an integrated energy system that primarily utilizes renewable and non-conventional resources for both grid connected and autonomous systems. A 9-kW grid-connected PV solar panel has been designed and implemented in the proposed system. The proposed PV solar system worked perfectly and gave the results of an estimated number of hours of operation to be 4,362 hrs/year; the cost of energy per kilowatt is ＄ 0.044 and the annual energy saving cost of the hybrid system is ＄ 173.696. For the environmental feasibility of producing 14,765 kWh/yr, carbon dioxide emissions have decreased from 7,230,440 g to 4,396.001 g, with a difference of 7,226,043.9 g of carbon dioxide.</p> </abstract>
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Khorgade, Shubham, Apeksha Wankhede, Akhil Gajbhiye, Ankit Ramteke, Sarangkumar P. Wath, and Yashwant Sarpate. "Integrated Energy Creation Using Wind Energy and Solar Energy." Journal of Thermal Energy Systems 8, no. 2 (May 23, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jotes.2023.v08i02.001.

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Electricity is one of the most important things for our daily lives in today's technology-driven environment. We are all unaware of the reality that renewable energy sources are exhausting at a breakneck pace. So it's time to switch our attention from conventional to unconventional energy sources to generate electricity. When compared to traditional sources, non-conventional sources produce less electricity overall. The environment is not harmed by the use of renewable resources. In essence, a solar-wind hybrid system combines a solar energy plant with a wind energy plant. It will contribute to ensuring a steady supply of power. The hybrid system can be applied to both household and commercial settings. Solar-wind hybrid structures are essentially a combination of wind and sun power flowers. The main rotor shaft of horizontal-axis wind turbines (HAWTs) is a particular design of wind turbines. One benefit of this configuration is that solar panels and generators can both be installed near the ground, creating a hybrid system. This electricity can be used for a variety of things. At a reasonable price, electricity will be generated. The goal of this project is to generate electricity from two sources simultaneously at a low cost without endangering the delicate balance of nature.
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Vieira, Thiago M., Ézio C. Santana, Luiz F. S. Souza, Renan O. Silva, Tarso V. Ferreira, and Douglas B. Riffel. "A novel experimental procedure for lock-in thermography on solar cells." AIMS Energy 11, no. 3 (2023): 503–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2023026.

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<abstract> <p>The occurrence of defects in solar cells is intrinsically related to a reduction in the efficiency and reliability of these devices. Therefore, monitoring techniques, such as lock-in thermography, electroluminescence and the I-V characteristic curve are adopted in order to evaluate the integrity of the solar cells. In the present work, a novel experimental procedure for the lock-in thermography of solar cells is proposed, aiming to improve the detection capability of the assay. Conventional techniques use pulse width modulation to operate the cell at a fixed point on the I-V curve. Instead, we propose a methodology based on a sinusoidal electric current excitation in order to extend the range of operational points that are close to the maximum power point as the cell operates in the field. Some traditional image processing techniques (principal component analysis, the fast Fourier transform and the four-step phase-shifting method) have been used to analyze the thermal images captured by an infrared camera during steady-state operation mode of the solar cells using both sinusoidal electric current signal and standard pulse width modulation procedures. Comparison between the results of both procedures found that this novel approach provides smoother and clearer delimitation of the defects. Furthermore, the contrast of the phase images was found to exhibit significant changes between the defective and non-defective regions for different modulation frequencies and types of defects. From the achieved results, it was possible to obtain a satisfactory characterization of the existing defects.</p> </abstract>
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Sahu, Usha S. "Designing and Fabrication Non-Conventional Energy: A Review on Literature." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 6 (June 30, 2022): 4881–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.44903.

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Abstract: Energy is important to the economic process and social development of any country. Indigenous energy resources important to be developed to the optimum level so attenuate dependence on foreign fuels, subject to partitioning economic, environmental and social constraints. This is important to a lift in analysis and development likewise as investment in renewable energy business in search of how to satisfy energy demand and to cut back dependency on fossil fuels. Wind and solar power are getting standard due to abundance, handiness and simple harnessing for electric power generation. Reaching the non electrified rural population is presently unfeasible through the extension of the grid, since the affiliation is neither economically possible. Further, there will be increase in oil costs, and also the intolerable impacts of this energy supply on the users and on the surroundings, square measure slowly removing standard energy solutions, like fuel agents based mostly systems, from the agricultural development agendas, “Hybrid Power Generation” i.e. Solar and wind based energy generation. This paper presents the design of hybrid electricity generation system by utilizing both solar and wind renewable energy to the domestic household in the remote area which is unable to connect to the grid. Hybrid systems have tested to be the most effective choice to deliver, “high quality” power.
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Handayani, Noer Abyor, and Dessy Ariyanti. "Potency of Solar Energy Applications in Indonesia." International Journal of Renewable Energy Development 1, no. 2 (July 1, 2012): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ijred.1.2.33-38.

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Анотація:
Currently, 80% of conventional energy is used to fulfill general public's needs andindustries. The depletion of oil and gas reserves and rapid growth in conventional energyconsumption have continuously forced us to discover renewable energy sources, like solar, wind,biomass, and hydropower, to support economic development in the future. Solar energy travels at aspeed of 186,000 miles per second. Only a small part of the radiant energy that the sun emits intospace ever reaches the Earth, but that is more than enough to supply all our energy demand.Indonesia is a tropical country and located in the equator line, so it has an abundant potential ofsolar energy. Most of Indonesian area get enough intensity of solar radiation with the average dailyradiation around 4 kWh/m2. Basically, the solar systems use solar collectors and concentrators forcollecting, storing, and using solar radiation to be applied for the benefit of domestics, commercials,and industrials. Common applications for solar thermal energy used in industry are the SWHs, solardryers, space heating, cooling systems and water desalination.
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Singh, Vikram, and Harpreet Kaur Channi. "Analysis of Floating Solar Panels for Solar Pumping Irrigation System." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1110, no. 1 (February 1, 2023): 012074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1110/1/012074.

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Abstract Electricity consumption will more than treble by 2050. Despite its enormous potential as an environmentally benign power generation technology, solar energy only accounts for a small portion of worldwide demand. One of the issues is the sustainable use of land resources. Energy technology is a popular engineering discipline that deals with the study of conventional and unconventional energy sources in today’s world. The objective of the work is to use conventional energy sources to produce non-traditional energy sources and focus on the study of floating solar collectors with the use of the solar hybrid power plant. Further the focus is on the use of photovoltaic solar panels which use hydroelectricity all year round where it is a non-traditional source and we can use it during the year with the help of, which have a non-conventional energy source. Solar energy is abundant.
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Kumar, Laveet, Jahanzaib Soomro, Hafeez Khoharo, and Mamdouh El Haj Assad. "A comprehensive review of solar thermal desalination technologies for freshwater production." AIMS Energy 11, no. 2 (2023): 293–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2023016.

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<abstract> <p>This review is inspired by the increasing shortage of fresh water in areas of the world, and is written in response to the expanding demand for sustainable technologies due to the prevailing crisis of depleting natural water resources. It focuses on comprehending different solar energy-based technologies. Since the increasing population has resulted in the rising demand for freshwater, desalination installation volume is rapidly increasing globally. Conventional ways of desalination technologies involve the use of fossil fuels to extract thermal energy which imparts adverse impacts on the environment. To lessen the carbon footprint left by energy-intensive desalination processes, the emphasis has shifted to using renewable energy sources to drive desalination systems. The growing interest in combining solar energy with desalination with an emphasis on increasing energy efficiency has been sparked by the rapid advancements in solar energy technology, particularly solar thermal. This review paper aims to reflect various developments in solar thermal desalination technologies and presents prospects of solar energy-based desalination techniques. This paper reviews direct and indirect desalination techniques coupled with solar energy, and goes on to explain recent trends in technologies. This review also summarizes the emerging trends in the field of solar thermal desalination technologies. The use of nanoparticles and photo-thermal materials for localized heating in solar desalination systems has decreased energy consumption and enhanced the efficiency of the system. Solar power combined with emerging processes like membrane distillation (MD) has also a recent resurgence.</p> </abstract>
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Saad Bin Arif, M., Uvais Mustafa, and Shahrin bin Md. Ayob. "Extensively used conventional and selected advanced maximum power point tracking techniques for solar photovoltaic applications: An overview." AIMS Energy 8, no. 5 (2020): 935–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/energy.2020.5.935.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Non-conventional Energy - Solar Energy"

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Baziotopoulos, Con, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "Utilising solar energy within conventional coal fired power stations." Deakin University. School of Engineering and Technology, 2002. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20060817.145445.

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Although the thermodynamic advantages of using solar energy to replace the bled off steam in the regeneration system of Rankine cycle coal fired power stations has been proven theoretically, the practical techno/economic feasibility of the concept has yet to be confirmed relative to real power station applications. To investigate this concept further, computer modelling software “THERMSOLV” was specifically developed for this project at Deakin University, together with the support of the Victorian power industry and Australian Research Council (ARC). This newly developed software simulates the steam cycle to assess the techno/economic merit of the solar aided concept for various power station structures, locations and local electricity market conditions. Two case studies, one in Victoria Australia and one in Yunnan Province, China, have been carried out with the software. Chapter one of this thesis defines the aims and scope of this study. Chapter two details the literature search in the related areas for this study. The thermodynamic concept of solar aid power generation technology has been described in chapter three. In addition, thermodynamic analysis i.e. exergy/availability has been described in this chapter. The “Thermosolv” software developed in this study is detailed in chapter four with its structure, functions and operation manual included. In chapter five the outcomes of two case studies using the “Thermosolv” software are presented, with discussions and conclusions about the study in chapters 6 and 7 respectfully. The relevant recommendations are then made in chapter eight.
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2

Rowe, Scott Christian. "Pilot Plant Analysis, Experiments, and Control for the Hybridization of Transient Solar Heat with Conventional Utilities." Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10791867.

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The direct capture of solar heat is now commercial for electrical generation at 550 °C (1000 °F), which has provoked interest in solar driven approaches to commodity and fuels production at higher temperatures. However, conventional commodity and fuels facilities often operate continuously regardless of weather and nighttime conditions. Conversely, direct sunlight is immediately lost upon shading by clouds and sunset. Beyond inconvenience, this intermittency has the potential to destroy high temperature equipment through thermal fatigue and thermal shock. To overcome interruptions in solar availability we propose the inclusion of direct sunlight in commodities and fuels production as a supplement to conventional electrical heating. Within this regime conventional utilities are ideally sourced from sustainable stored or orthogonal energy sources. Control is needed to substitute solar, which can be lost within seconds during transient weather, with electrical heat. To explore control strategies for the alternation of solar and electrical heat a new facility was constructed at the University of Colorado, Boulder. Specifically, a 45 kW 18 lamp high-flux solar simulator was erected that approximates the sunlight found in actual concentrated solar plants. Calorimetry was analyzed for the measurement of extreme radiance in this testbed. Results from calorimeter design were applied to radiation measurement from the lamps, which were capable of delivering 9.076±0.190 kW of power to a ?10 cm target with a peak flux of 12.50 MW/m2 (12,500 “suns”). During this characterization a previously unknown observer effect was seen that differentiates radiative heat from lamps and the energy delivered by sunlight in actual concentrated solar facilities. This characterization allowed confident experimentation within the lamp testbed for control studies on a 15 kW solar-electric tube furnace for commodities and fuels production. Furnace electric heat was manipulated by four different linear control strategies for the rejection weather transients reproduced by the high-flux solar simulator lamps. These included feedback, feedforward feedback, model predictive control, and model predictive control with a weather forecast. It was found that model predictive control with a forecast best maintained furnace conditions. Prior researchers have suggested that forecasts would be useful in solar control, which was shown across simulation and experiment.

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Ma, Yizheng. "PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY POTENTIAL FOR NON- RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS IN VISBY." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448444.

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Gotland is a pilot area for Sweden to achieve carbon neutrality, which means that achieve a 100% sustainable energy supply is significant for Gotland energy development. Gotland has good sunshine conditions and solar radiation, but the development of solar energy is relatively slow. In order to prove that Visby, the largest city in Gotland, has good solar energy potential, this paper aims to investigate the PV potential for non-residential buildings in Visby by modelling the installation of roof solar panels on representative non- residential buildings (Visby Galleria, surrounding buildings in Stenhuggarvägen) through quantitative research methods. From the final result of the modelling, the solar energy potential per square meter of Visby's non-residential buildings is 121kWh, and the total solar electricity generation potential is 708 GWh. The research results show that Visby's non-residential buildings have high solar power potential, and it can be used as one of the methods to achieve a 100% sustainable energy supply.
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Rader, Thomas J. "Comparing Estimates of the Capacity Values of Photovoltaic Solar Power Plants Using Hourly and Sub-hourly Data." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1353966527.

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5

Lissau, Jonas Sandby. "Non-Coherent Photon Upconversion on Dye-Sensitized Nanostructured ZrO2 Films for Efficient Solar Light Harvesting." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fysikalisk kemi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-229831.

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Photon upconversion by sensitized triplet–triplet annihilation (UC-STTA) is a photophysical process that facilitates the conversion of two low-energy photons into a single high-energy photon. A low-energy photon is absorbed by a sensitizer molecule that produces a triplet excited state which is transferred to an emitter molecule. When two emitter triplet states encounter each other, TTA can take place to produce a singlet excited state which decays by emission of a high-energy (upconverted) photon. While traditional single-threshold dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have a maximum efficiency limit of ca. 30%, it has been predicted theoretically that implementation of UC-STTA in DSSCs could increase that efficiency to more than 40%. A possible way to implement UC-STTA into DSSCs, would be to replace the standard sensi- tized nanostructured TiO2 photoanodes by upconverting ones loaded with emitter molecules. Following TTA, the excited emitter molecule would be quenched by injection of a high-energy electron into the conduction band of the TiO2. To explore the practical aspects of this strategy for a highly efficient DSSC, in this thesis UC-STTA is studied in model systems based on nanostructured ZrO2 films. These ZrO2 films are a good proxy for the TiO2 films used in DSSCs, and allow for relatively easy optimization and study of UC-STTA by allowing measurements of the upconverted photons without the complications of electron injection into the film. Herein it is experimentally proven that UC-STTA is viable on nanostructured metal oxide films under non-coherent irradiation with intensities comparable to sunlight. Two different system architectures are studied, differing in the position of the molecular components involved in the UC-STTA mechanism. Both architectures have the emitter molecules adsorbed onto the ZrO2 surface, but the sensitizers are positioned either in solution around the nanostructure, or co-adsorbed with the emitters onto the ZrO2 surface. A set of challenges in the study and optimization of the UC-STTA process is identified for each type of system. Proposals are also given for how to further improve the understanding and UC-STTA optimization of these systems toward application in DSSCs to overcome the present solar energy conversion efficiency limit.
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Qandil, Hassan Darwish Hassan. "Investigations of the Fresnel Lens Based Solar Concentrator System through a Unique Statistical-Algorithmic Approach." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1609121/.

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This work investigates the Fresnel-lens-based solar concentrator-receiver system in a multi-perspective manner to design, test and fabricate this concentrator with high-efficiency photon and heat outputs and a minimized effect of chromatic aberrations. First, a MATLAB®-incorporated algorithm optimizes both the flat-spot and the curved lens designs via a statistical ray-tracing methodology of the incident light, considering all of its incidence parameters. The target is to maximize the solar ray intensity on the receiver's aperture, and therefore, achieve the highest possible focal flux. The algorithm outputs prismatic and dimensional geometries of the Fresnel-lens concentrator, which are simulated by COMSOL® Multiphysics to validate the design. For the second part, a novel genetically-themed hierarchical algorithm (GTHA) has been investigated to design Fresnel-lens solar concentrators that match with the distinct energy input and spatial geometry of various thermal applications. Basic heat transfer analysis of each application decides its solar energy requirement. The GTHA incorporated in MATLAB® optimizes the concentrator characteristics to secure this energy demand, balancing a minimized geometry and a maximized efficiency. Two experimental applications were selected from literature to validate the optimization process, a solar welding system for H13 steel plates and a solar Stirling engine with an aluminum-cavity receiver attached to the heater section. In each case, a flat Fresnel-lens with a spot focus was algorithmically designed to supply the desired solar heat, and then a computer simulation of the optimized lens was conducted showing great comparability to the original experimental results. Thirdly, the prismatic geometry of the Fresnel lens was further optimized through a statistical approach that incorporates laws of light refraction and trigonometry. The proposed design produces high focal irradiance that is more suitable for thermal applications. The motivation was to enhance the tolerability of a flat Fresnel-lens concentrator to tracking errors, without the use of secondary optics or sophisticated, and normally costly, meticulous tracking equipment. A comparative simulation analysis was conducted for two case studies from literature, each with a different design method. Fresnel lenses optimized by this work enhanced the concentration acceptance product (CAP) significantly, compared to that in literature. Then, this work introduced an innovative code-based, detailed, and deterministic geometrical approach, which couples the optimization of the Fresnel lens primary optical element (POE) and the dome-shaped secondary optical element (SOE). The objective was to maximize the concentration acceptance product, while using the minimum SOE and receiver geometries at a given f-number and incidence angle (also referred to as the tracking error angle). The laws of polychromatic light refraction along with trigonometry and spherical geometry were utilized to optimize the POE grooves, SOE radius, receiver size, and SOE–receiver spacing. Two literature case studies were analyzed to verify this work's optimization, and the equivalent POEs designed by this work, with optimized SOEs, showed a significant enhancement in the CAP values compared to that of literature. Lastly, four methods for prototyping the Fresnel lens were discussed and experimentally tested; 3D printing, acrylic resin casting, direct CNC machining in acrylic and hot embossing. Once tested, the methods of CNC machining and hot embossing of acrylic proved to be the most promising in terms of cost, fabrication time, and concentration effectiveness. Future work will focus on enhancing the algorithmic design and improving the quality of lens fabrication.
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Dallas, William. "Resonance ultrasonic vibrations (RUV) for crack detection in silicon wafers for solar cells." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001848.

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Baig, Hasan. "Enhancing performance of building integrated concentrating photovoltaic systems." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/17301.

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Buildings both commercial and residential are the largest consumers of electricity. Integrating Photovoltaic technology in building architecture or Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) provides an effective means for meeting this huge energy demands and provides an energy hub at the place of its immediate requirement. However, this technology is challenged with problems like low efficiency and high cost. An effective way of improving the solar cell efficiency and reducing the cost of photovoltaic systems is either by reducing solar cell manufacturing cost or illuminating the solar cells with a higher light intensity than is naturally available by the use of optical concentrators which is also known as Concentrating Photovoltaic (CPV) technology. Integrating this technology in the architecture is referred as Building integrated Concentrating Photovoltaics (BICPV). This thesis presents a detailed performance analysis of different designs used as BICPV systems and proposes further advancements necessary for improving the system design and minimizing losses. The systems under study include a Dielectric Asymmetric Compound Parabolic Concentrator (DiACPC) designed for 2.8×, a three-dimensional Cross compound parabolic concentrator (3DCCPC) designed for 3.6× and a Square Elliptical Hyperbolic (SEH) concentrator designed for 6×. A detailed analysis procedure is presented showcasing the optical, electrical, thermal and overall analysis of these systems. A particular issue for CPV technology is the non-uniformity of the incident flux which tends to cause hot spots, current mismatch and reduce the overall efficiency of the system. Emphasis is placed on modelling the effects of non-uniformity while evaluating the performance of these systems. The optical analysis of the concentrators is carried out using ray tracing and finite element methods are employed to determine electrical and thermal performance of the system. Based on the optical analysis, the outgoing flux from the concentrators is predicted for different incident angles for each of the concentrators. A finite element model for the solar cell was developed to evaluate its electrical performance using the outputs obtained from the optical analysis. The model can also be applied for the optimization of the front grid pattern of Si Solar cells. The model is further coupled within the thermal analysis of the system, where the temperature of the solar cell is predicted under operating conditions and used to evaluate the overall performance under steady state conditions. During the analysis of the DiACPC it was found that the maximum cell temperature reached was 349.5 K under an incident solar radiation of 1000 W/m2. Results from the study carried on the 3DCCPC showed that a maximum cell temperature of 332 K is reached under normal incidence, this tends to bring down the overall power production by 14.6%. In the case of the SEH based system a maximum temperature of 319 K was observed on the solar cell surface under normal incidence. An average drop of 11.7% was found making the effective power ratio of the system 3.4. The non-uniformity introduced due to the concentrator profile causes hotspots in the BICPV system. The non-uniformity was found to reduce the efficiency of the solar cell in the range of 0.5-1 % in all the three studies. The overall performance can be improved by addressing losses occurring within different components of the system. It was found that optical losses occurred at the interface region formed due to the encapsulant spillage along the edges of the concentrator. Using a reflective film along the edge of the concentrating element was found to improve the optical efficiency of the system. Case studies highlighting the improvement are presented. A reflective film was attached along the interface region of the concentrator and the encapsulant. In the case of a DiACPC, an increase of 6% could be seen in the overall power production. Similar case study was performed for a 3DCCPC and a maximum of 6.7% was seen in the power output. To further improve the system performance a new design incorporating conjugate reflective-refractive device was evaluated. The device benefits from high optical efficiency due to the reflection and greater acceptance angle due to refraction. Finally, recommendations are made for development of a new generation of designs to be used in BiCPV applications. Efforts are made towards improving the overall performance and reducing the non-uniformity of the concentrated illumination.
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Junda, Maxwell M. "Spectroscopic Ellipsometry as a Versatile, Non-Contact Probe of Optical, Electrical, and Structural Properties in Thin Films: Applications in Photovoltaics." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1493148258156143.

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10

Hibberd, Christopher J. "Development of non-vacuum and low-cost techniques for Cu(In, Ga)(Se, S)2 thin film solar cell processing." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2009. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/5840.

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Solar photovoltaic modules provide clean electricity from sunlight but will not be able to compete on an open market until the cost of the electricity they produce is comparable to that produced by traditional methods. At present, modules based on crystalline silicon wafer solar cells account for nearly 90% of photovoltaic production capacity. However, it is anticipated that the ultimate cost reduction achievable for crystalline silicon solar cell production will be somewhat limited and that thin film solar cells may offer a cheaper alternative in the long term. The highest energy conversion efficiencies reported for thin film solar cells have been for devices based around chalcopyrite Cu(In, Ga)(Se, S)2 photovoltaic absorbers. The most efficient Cu(In, Ga)(Se, S)2 solar cells contain absorber layers deposited by vacuum co-evaporation of the elements. However, the cost of ownership of large area vacuum evaporation technology is high and may be a limiting factor in the cost reductions achievable for Cu(In, Ga)(Se, S)2 based solar cells. Therefore, many alternative deposition methods are under investigation. Despite almost thirty companies being in the process of commercialising these technologies there is no consensus as to which deposition method will lead to the most cost effective product. Non-vacuum deposition techniques involving powders and chemical solutions potentially offer significant reductions in the cost of Cu(In, Ga)(Se, S)2 absorber layer deposition as compared to their vacuum counterparts. A wide range of such approaches has been investigated for thirty years and the gap between the world record Cu(In, Ga)(Se, S)2 solar cell and the best devices containing non-vacuum deposited absorber layers has closed significantly in recent years. Nevertheless, no one technique has demonstrated its superiority and the best results are still achieved with some of the most complex approaches. The work presented here involved the development and investigation of a new process for performing one of the stages of non-vacuum deposition of Cu(In, Ga)(Se, S)2 absorber layers. The new process incorporates copper into an initial Group III-VI precursor layer, e.g. indium gallium selenide, through an ion exchange reaction performed in solution. The ion exchange reaction requires only very simple, low-cost equipment and proceeds at temperatures over 1000°C lower than required for the evaporation of Cu under vacuum. In the new process, indium (gallium) selenide initial precursor layers are immersed in solutions containing Cu ions. During immersion an exchange reaction occurs and Cu ions from the solution exchange places with Group III ions in the layer. This leads to the formation of an intimately bonded, laterally homogeneous copper selenide – indium (gallium) selenide modified precursor layer with the same morphology as the initial precursor. These modified precursor layers were converted to single phase chalcopyrite CuInSe2 and Cu(In, Ga)Se2 by annealing with Se in a tube furnace system. Investigation of the annealing treatment revealed that a series of phase transformations, beginning at low temperature, lead to chalcopyrite formation. Control of the timing of the Se supply was demonstrated to prevent reactions that were deemed detrimental to the morphology of the resulting chalcopyrite layers. When vacuum evaporated indium (gallium) selenide layers were used as initial precursors, solar cells produced from the absorber layers exhibited energy conversion efficiencies of up to 4%. While these results are considered promising, the devices were characterised by very low open circuit voltages and parallel resistances. Rapid thermal processing was applied to the modified precursor layers in an attempt to further improve their conversion into chalcopyrite material. Despite only a small number of solar cells being fabricated using rapid thermal processing, improvements in open circuit voltage of close to 150mV were achieved. However, due to increases in series resistance and reductions in current collection only small increases in solar cell efficiency were recorded. Rapid thermal processing was also used to demonstrate synthesis of single phase CuInS2 from modified precursor layers based on non-vacuum deposited indium sulphide. Non-vacuum deposition methods provide many opportunities for the incorporation of undesirable impurities into the deposited layers. Analysis of the precursor layers developed during this work revealed that alkali atoms from the complexant used in the ion exchange baths are incorporated into the precursor layers alongside the Cu. Alkali atoms exhibit pronounced electronic and structural effects on Cu(In, Ga)Se2 layers and are beneficial in low concentrations. However, excess alkali atoms are detrimental to Cu(In, Ga)Se2 solar cell performance and the problems encountered with cells produced here are consistent with the effects reported in the literature for excess alkali incorporation. It is therefore expected that further improvements in solar cell efficiency might be achieved following reformulation of the ion exchange bath chemistry.
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Книги з теми "Non-conventional Energy - Solar Energy"

1

1935-, Furlan G., ed. 1985 Workshop of Non-conventional Energy Sources and Material Science for Energy: I.C.T.P., Trieste, 2nd-20th Sept., 1985. Singapore: World Scientific Pub., 1985.

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2

World Institute of Sustainable Energy (India), ed. Power drain: Hidden subsidies to conventional power in India : a WISE research report. Pune: World Institute of Sustainable Energy, 2008.

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Workshop, on the Physics of Non-Conventional Energy Sources and Material Science for Energy (1985 Trieste Italy). 1985 Workshop on the Physics of Non-Conventional Energy Sources and Material Science for Energy: I.C.T.P., Trieste, 2nd-20th, Sept., 1985. Singapore: World Scientific, 1987.

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4

World Institute of Sustainable Energy (India), ed. Power drain: Hidden subsidies to conventional power in India : a WISE research report. Pune: World Institute of Sustainable Energy, 2008.

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World Institute of Sustainable Energy (India), ed. Power drain: Hidden subsidies to conventional power in India : a WISE research report. Pune: World Institute of Sustainable Energy, 2008.

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6

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Studying the thermal/non-thermal crossover in solar flares: Final report, NRA-92-OSSA-17. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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7

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Studying the thermal/non-thermal crossover in solar flares: Final report, NRA-92-OSSA-17. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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8

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Studying the thermal/non-thermal crossover in solar flares: Final report, NRA-92-OSSA-17. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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9

R, Bhalero A., and Trivedy R. K, eds. Non-conventional energy sources: State of art. Agra: Current Publications, 2007.

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10

Technology Information, Forecasting and Assessment Council (India), ed. A report on non-conventional energy sources. New Delhi: Technology Information, Forecasting & Assessment Council, Dept. of Science & Technology, 1996.

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Частини книг з теми "Non-conventional Energy - Solar Energy"

1

Islam, Md Amirul, and Bidyut Baran Saha. "TEWI Assessment of Conventional and Solar Powered Cooling Systems." In Solar Energy, 147–77. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0675-8_9.

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2

Fortuin, Stefan, and Gerhard Stryi-Hipp. "Solar Collectors solar collector , Non-concentrating solar collector non-concentrating." In Solar Energy, 378–98. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5806-7_681.

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3

Vepa, Ranjan. "Non-Conventional Energy Generation: Solar, Wave, and Tidal Energy Generation." In Lecture Notes in Energy, 349–73. London: Springer London, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5400-6_8.

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4

Coppye, J., E. Demesmaeker, H. E. Elgamel, J. Szlufcik, M. Ghannam, J. Nijs, R. Mertens, et al. "Non-Conventional Emitters for Polycrystalline Silicon Solar Cells." In Tenth E.C. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, 657–60. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3622-8_168.

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5

Stierstadt, Klaus. "Non-solar Energy Converters." In essentials, 47–55. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-38313-8_7.

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6

Swet, C. J. "Cool Storage for Solar and Conventional Air Conditioning." In Energy Storage Systems, 349–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2350-8_14.

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7

Mil’shtein, Samson, and Dhawal Asthana. "Design of Heterostructure Solar Cell Using Non-crystalline a-Si/poly-Si." In Harvesting Solar Energy, 19–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93380-7_2.

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8

Gordon, Harry T., P. Richard Rittelmann, Justin Estoque, G. Kimball Hart, and Min Kantrowitz. "Passive Solar Energy for Non-Residential Buildings." In Advances in Solar Energy, 171–206. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2227-6_3.

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9

Toksoy, M., and O. Devres. "Integral Transform Solution of a One Dimensional Transient Non-Homogeneous Heat Conduction Problem in the Trombe Wall." In Solar Energy Utilization, 618–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3631-7_33.

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10

Hočevar, Mateja, Marko Berginc, Urša Opara Krašovec, and Marko Topič. "Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." In Sol-Gel Processing for Conventional and Alternative Energy, 147–75. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1957-0_8.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Non-conventional Energy - Solar Energy"

1

Das, Partha. "Solar energy utilization for geographical exploration." In 2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconce.2014.6808685.

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2

Mehta, J. R. "Regeneration of liquid desiccant using solar energy." In 2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconce.2014.6808680.

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3

Sharma, Priyanjan, and Nitesh Malhotra. "Solar tracking system using microcontroller." In 2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconce.2014.6808687.

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4

Karamanis, Dimitris. "Passive solar cooling with thermoresponsive nanocomposites." In 2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconce.2014.6808677.

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5

Gajra, Kalpesh M., and Rajkumar S. Pant. "SoPTAS: Solar powered tethered aerostat system." In 2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconce.2014.6808684.

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6

Banerjee, Alomoy, Arka Majumder, Akanistha Banerjee, Sourav Sarkar, and Debdut Bosu. "Harnessing non conventional solar energy through Conventional thermal power sytems." In 2015 International Conference and Workshop on Computing and Communication (IEMCON). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iemcon.2015.7344434.

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7

Sinha, Dola, Amiya Bandhu Das, Dipak Kr Dhak, and Pradip Kr Sadhu. "Equivalent circuit configuration for solar PV cell." In 2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconce.2014.6808682.

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8

Maity, Souradeep, Anurag Singh, and Bipul Krishna Saha. "Solar resource assessment in India a case study." In 2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconce.2014.6808690.

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9

Ganguly, Amar K., Debarun Kabi, and Anuva Ganguly. "High efficiency Solar Cell using a new material." In 2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconce.2014.6808692.

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10

Tripathi, Mridula, Priyanka Chawla, and Kamlesh Pandey. "Natural photosensitizers for solid-state dye sensitized solar cell." In 2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconce.2014.6808679.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Non-conventional Energy - Solar Energy"

1

Elshurafa, Amro, Frank Felder, and Nezar Alhaidari. Achieving Renewable Energy Targets Without Compromising the Power Sector’s Reliability. King Abdullah Petroleum Studies and Research Center, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30573/ks--2021-dp23.

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Saudi Arabia’s Ministry of Energy has set ambitious renewable energy goals. Although the Kingdom’s current energy mix is dominated by conventional energy (>95%), it aims to draw 50% of its energy from renewable sources by 2030. Currently, the Kingdom enjoys very high solar photovoltaic potential, and it is also well positioned for wind generation. Thus, studying the reliability of highly renewable power systems and the impact of converting conventional generation to renewable energy is of paramount importance. The latter analysis is important because temperatures in the Kingdom are often high for a considerable portion of the year.
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2

Diao, Ruisheng, Shuai Lu, Pavel V. Etingov, Jian Ma, Yuri V. Makarov, and Xinxin Guo. NV Energy Solar Integration Study: Cycling and Movements of Conventional Generators for Balancing Services. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1029090.

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3

Crumbly, Isaac J., and Haixin Wang. An Analysis of the Use of Energy Audits, Solar Panels, and Wind Turbines to Reduce Energy Consumption from Non Renewable Energy Sources. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada626067.

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4

Salah Uddin, Gazi. Social Benefits of Clean Energy: Evidence from Bangladesh. Asian Development Bank, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps230182-2.

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Using the three rounds of the Bangladesh Integrated Household Surveys, this study attempts to quantify the welfare effects of solar adoption. We discovered that solar adoption is connected with increased income, expenditure, and asset value growth, as well as a significant decrease in kerosene expenditure compared to non-adopters. Other findings include that solar households tend to abandon sharecropping in favor of trading and poultry farming, and that children in solar households benefit in terms of schooling and nutrition.
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5

Ayele, Seife, Wei Shen, Frangton Chiyemura, and Jing Gu. Enhancing China–Africa Cooperation in the Renewable Energy Sector. Institute of Development Studies, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ids.2021.028.

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Access to affordable and sustainable electricity is of fundamental importance to development in much of Africa. But, while access to electricity is improving, contributions from non-hydropower renewable energy sources remain small. At the same time, China – the powerhouse of solar energy technologies – has made limited contribution to harnessing Africa’s renewable energy. Combining insights from recent webinars and research, this Policy Briefing discusses how China–Africa cooperation on renewable energy could lead to improvements in access to and supply of affordable and sustainable energy in Africa. Recommendations for African and Chinese policymakers and businesses include the adoption of transparent, competitive, and locally inclusive energy procurement and use mechanisms.
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6

Desai, Tapan, and Matt Flannery. Technical - Coal Gasification Technologies Subtopic d: Hybrid Integrated Concepts for IGCC (with CCS) and Non-Biomass Renewable Energy (e.g. Solar, Wind). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1123379.

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7

Fabra, Natalia, Eduardo Gutiérrez, Aitor Lacuesta, and Roberto Ramos. Do Renewables Create Local Jobs? Madrid: Banco de España, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/29475.

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We investigate whether investments in renewable energy – solar and wind plants – create jobs in the municipality where they are located. Using 13 years of monthly data, we exploit the variation in the timing and size of investment projects across more than 3,200 municipalities in Spain, a country with substantial investments in this area. We use a new estimator for staggered differences-in-differences analysis that extends the local projections approach with clean controls (Dube et al., 2022). We find strong heterogeneity in the magnitude and pattern of the impacts of solar and wind investments. On average, solar investments increase employment by local firms, but the effects on the unemployment of local residents are weak. The effects of wind investments on local employment and unemployment are mostly non-significant. These findings have important implications for public policy.
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8

Pag, F., M. Jesper, U. Jordan, W. Gruber-Glatzl, and J. Fluch. Reference applications for renewable heat. IEA SHC Task 64, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task64-2021-0002.

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There is a high degree of freedom and flexibility in the way to integrate renewable process heat in industrial processes. Nearly in every industrial or commercial application various heat sinks can be found, which are suitable to be supplied by renewable heat, e.g. from solar thermal, heat pumps, biomass or others. But in contrast to conventional fossil fuel powered heating systems, most renewable heating technologies are more sensitive to the requirements defined by the specific demand of the industrial company. Fossil fuel-based systems benefit from their indifference to process temperatures in terms of energy efficiency, their flexibility with respect to part-load as well as on-off operation, and the fuel as a (unlimited) chemical storage. In contrast, the required temperature and the temporal course of the heat demand over the year determine whether a certain regenerative heat generator is technically feasible at all or at least significantly influence parameters like efficiency or coverage rate.
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9

Billi, M., A. Urquiza Gómez, and C. Feres Klenner. Environmental communication and non-conventional renewable energy projects. Content analysis of Chilean mass media. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2017-1216en.

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HARDIN, NATHANIEL, ZACHARY DUCA, and PATRICK WARD. STUDY OF IONIC MASS TRANSPORT IN NON-CONVENTIONAL ELECTROLYTES FOR ENERGY STORAGE AND CARBON CAPTURE APPLICATIONS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1827960.

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