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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Nitrate leaching"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021
Оновлено: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Nitrate leaching"

1

Ma, Xi Xi, and Jian Jun Yuan. "Study on the Leaching of Sodium Nitrate from Nitratine." Advanced Materials Research 236-238 (May 2011): 2539–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.236-238.2539.

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The technology on the leaching process of sodium nitrate from nitratine was developed in this work. The effects of leaching duration, solid-to-liquid ratio on the leaching were studied. The results show that the utilizable sodium nitrate leaching ratio from the nitratine reach 90.2%, for leaching duration of 15 minute and at the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1.0 g.g-1. A new scheme of step-by-step spray is advanced, according to the result of leaching repeatedly, which increased the concentration of lixiviation up to 29.58%( 400g.L-1) at 25°C. The results reported will be useful for leaching process design and control.
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2

Castellón, César I., Pía C. Hernández, Lilian Velásquez-Yévenes, and María E. Taboada. "An Alternative Process for Leaching Chalcopyrite Concentrate in Nitrate-Acid-Seawater Media with Oxidant Recovery." Metals 10, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10040518.

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An alternative copper concentrate leaching process using sodium nitrate and sulfuric acid diluted in seawater followed by gas scrubbing to recover the sodium nitrate has been evaluated. The work involved leaching test carried out under various condition by varying temperature, leaching time, particle size, and concentrations of NaNO3 and H2SO4. The amount of copper extracted from the chalcopyrite concentrate leached with seawater, 0.5 M of H2SO4 and 0.5 M of NaNO3 increased from 78% at room temperature to 91% at 45 °C in 96 h and 46 h of leaching, respectively. Gas scrubbing with the alkaline solution of NaOH was explored to recover part of the sodium nitrate. The dissolved salts were recovered by evaporation as sodium nitrate and sodium nitrite crystals.
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3

Ji, Shu Hua, and Jiang Yang Deng. "Numerical Simulation on Characteristics of Nitrate Nitrogen Leaching under Different Irrigation Levels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 662 (October 2014): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.662.153.

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The characteristics of nitrate nitrogen leaching in soil under different irrigation levels were studied by soil column simulation experiment with numerical simulation done using LEACHM model taking nitrate nitrogen leaching under different irrigation levels as the research background. In sandy soils, an irrigation amount of 300 mm would cause nitrate nitrogen to leach downward 75~150 cm, with a leaching amount of 10~30.7 kg/ha; and an irrigation amount of 700 mm would make nitrate nitrogen leach downward about 3.5 m, with a leaching amount of 98 kg/ha. Research data showed that the amount of nitrate nitrogen leaching was positively correlated with the irrigation intensity level, irrigation level directly determined the amount of nitrate nitrogen leaching, and influenced its leaching depth.
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4

Aoun, Omar, Salem Benamara, Farid Dahmoune, Hocine Remini, Sofiane Dairi, Amine Belbahi, Brahim Bousalhih, and Khodir Madani. "Modeling of nitrate leaching kinetics during Spinach Leaf Midribs blanching." North African Journal of Food and Nutrition Research 2, no. 4 (November 23, 2018): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.51745/najfnr.2.4.112-120.

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Background: Although nitrates, are sometimes favorable to health, they can however convert to nitrosamines inside the body thanks to the acidic medium of gastrointestinal tract. So, the investigation of the nitrate content in food products becomes an imperative since it allows consumers to choose their food deliberately. Aims: The leaching kinetics of nitrates during water blanching of spinach leaf midribs (SLM) was investigated at different conditions of time and temperature. Methods and Material: The nitrate leaching kinetics, during the water blanching of SLM samples, was studied at 60, 70 and 80 ° C; for 3 and 15 minutes. Presently, six models, namely Henderson and Pabis, logarithmic, zero order, Lewis, Page, Wang, and Singh were tested to analyze experimental data. Moreover, to elucidate the effect of the temperature on the nitrate diffusion rate, the equation of Arrhenius was applied. Results: Results showed that after 15 min of blanching, the removal rate (RR) of nitrates was of: 23.851±3.477c, 64.809±0.474b and 75.949±5.366a % at 60, 70 and 80 °C, respectively; with a significant difference between values at (p≤0.05). Furthermore, among the six tested models, the logarithmic model seemed to be the most appropriate (R2>0.993) to describe the diffusion kinetics of nitrates from food matrix into the blanching water, whatever the processing temperature. Finally, the activation energy (35.76 kJ. Mol-1), characterizing the nitrate leaching, was assessed based on the rate constant appearing in the most appropriate model. Conclusions: Blanching in water constitutes an effective tool for controlling the nitrate content in vegetables, by varying the time and temperature of treatment. Keywords: Nitrate, quantification, spinach leaf midribs, blanching, modeling.
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5

Pote, John W., Chhandak Basu, Zhongchun Jiang, and W. Michael Sullivan. "Relationship between Nitrate Leaching under Turf and Nitrate Uptake by Turfgrasses." HortScience 35, no. 5 (August 2000): 827B—827. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.5.827b.

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Leaching-induced N losses have been shown to be minimal under turfgrasses. This is likely due to superior ability of turfgrasses to absorb nitrate. No direct evidence for this theory has been reported. The present study quantified nitrate leaching under miniature turf and nitrate uptake by individual turfgrass plants, and established the relationship between nitrate leaching loss and nitrate uptake rate. Seedlings of six Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) cultivars, `Blacksburg', `Barzan', `Connie', `Dawn', `Eclipse', and `Gnome', were planted individually in polystyrene containers filled with silica sand. The plants were irrigated with tap water or a nutrient solution containing 1 mm nitrate on alternate days and mowed to a 5-cm height once each week for 25 weeks. Nitrate leaching potential was then determined by applying 15 to 52 mL of nutrient solutions containing 7 to 70 mg·L-1 nitrate-N into the containers and collecting leachate. After the leaching experiment, plants were excavated, roots were washed to remove sand, and the plants were grown individually in containers filled with 125 mL of a nutrient solution containing 8.4 mg·L-1 nitrate-N. Nitrate uptake rate was determined by monitoring nitrate depletion at 24-hour intervals. Leachate nitrate-N concentration ranged from 0.5 to 6 mg·L-1 depending on cultivar, initial nitrate-N concentration, irrigation volume, and timing of nitrate-N application. Significant intraspecific difference in nitrate uptake rate on a root length basis was observed. Nitrate uptake rate on a per plant basis was significantly (P ≤ 0.05) and negatively correlated (r = -0.65) with nitrate leaching loss. The results provide strong evidence that superior nitrate uptake ability of turfgrass roots could reduce leaching-induced nitrate-N losses.
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6

Kaluli, J. W., C. A. Madramootoo, and Y. Djebbar. "Modeling nitrate leaching using neural networks." Water Science and Technology 38, no. 7 (October 1, 1998): 127–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1998.0285.

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Accurate evaluation of nitrate leaching potential in agricultural fields is a major challenge. Field data are expensive to gather and use of existing prediction models is limited by inadequate understanding of the physical and chemical processes underlying nitrate leaching. A neural network model was developed to acquire the inherent characteristics of an experimental data set, and successfully used to simulate nitrate leaching in agricultural drainage effluent under various management systems. Simulation results indicated that: (i) sub-irrigation with a 0.5 m water table depth could reduce nitrate leaching to negligible levels, (ii) intercropping corn with ryegrass could reduce nitrate leaching by 50%, and (iii) the application of more than 180 kg N ha−1 of fertilizer may cause excessive nitrate leaching.
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7

Defterdarović, Jasmina, Lana Filipović, Filip Kranjčec, Gabrijel Ondrašek, Diana Kikić, Alen Novosel, Ivan Mustać, et al. "Determination of Soil Hydraulic Parameters and Evaluation of Water Dynamics and Nitrate Leaching in the Unsaturated Layered Zone: A Modeling Case Study in Central Croatia." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 12, 2021): 6688. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126688.

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Nitrate leaching through soil layers to groundwater may cause significant degradation of natural resources. The aims of this study were: (i) to estimate soil hydraulic properties (SHPs) of the similar soil type with same management on various locations; (ii) to determine annual water dynamics; and (iii) to estimate the impact of subsoil horizon properties on nitrate leaching. The final goal was to compare the influence of different SHPs and layering on water dynamics and nitrate leaching. The study was conducted in central Croatia (Zagreb), at four locations on Calcaric Phaeozem, Calcaric Regosol, and Calcaric Fluvic Phaeozem soil types. Soil hydraulic parameters were estimated using the HYPROP system and HYPROP-FIT software. Water dynamics and nitrate leaching were evaluated using HYDRUS 2D/3D during a period of 365 days. The amount of water in the soil under saturated conditions varied from 0.422 to 0.535 cm3 cm–3 while the hydraulic conductivity varied from 3 cm day−1 to 990.9 cm day−1. Even though all locations have the same land use and climatic conditions with similar physical properties, hydraulic parameters varied substantially. The amount and velocity of transported nitrate (HYDRUS 2D/3D) were affected by reduced hydraulic conductivity of the subsoil as nitrates are primarily transported via advective flux. Despite the large differences in SHPs of the topsoil layers, the deeper soil layers, having similar SHPs, imposed a buffering effect preventing faster nitrate downward transport. This contributed to a very similar distribution of nitrates through the soil profile at the end of simulation period. This case study indicated the importance of carefully selecting relevant parameters in multilayered soil systems when evaluating groundwater pollution risk.
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8

White, R. E., L. K. Heng, and G. N. Magesan. "Nitrate leaching from a drained, sheep-grazed pasture. II. Modelling nitrate leaching losses." Soil Research 36, no. 6 (1998): 963. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/s98012.

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Nitrate (NO-3 ) concentrations in 0·5-mm increments of drainage from adjacent mole- and pipe-drained paddocks of a silt loam soil under pasture near Palmerston North, New Zealand, were measured during 2 winters. The data were simulated using a simple analytical transfer function model (TFM). Urea fertiliser applied at the rate of 120 kg N/ha to one paddock was treated as a pulse input to the pool of resident soil NO-3. A source{sink term was included for plant uptake and net mineralisation (including any effect of denitrification). During the first winter (1990), a TFM using either a 1-parameter Burns probability density function (pdf) for solute travel, or a 2-parameter lognormal pdf, satisfactorily simulated the NO-3 concentration trends and predicted the total amounts of N leached. The pdf parameters were derived from previous chloride leaching data for this site. The best-fit value for the transport volume θst, the key parameter in the Burns pdf, was set at 0·37 m3 /m3 in 1990, as used in previous modelling of sulfate leaching. However, a value of 0 ·25 m3 /m3 in the Burns pdf gave better simulations of the 1991 data. This was probably due to more intense rain events during the early part of the drainage season in 1991 compared with 1990, which resulted in more preferential flow through the soil and a lower value for θst. The simulations for both years showed that ≥50% of the total leachable NO-3 was retained in the soil, despite normal winter drainage of about 300 mm. Ideally, the appropriate value of st should be determined by independent measurement. It may need to be adjusted according to the likely incidence of preferential flow early in the winter when NO-3 concentrations are highest. Provided the average initial soil NO-3 concentration can be estimated and a net source{sink term defined, the amount of NO-3 leached in drained soils can be satisfactorily modelled using the TFM approach with a 1-parameter pdf. Duplex soils which have a fluctuating watertable in the A horizon over an impermeable B horizon may prove to be an analogous system.
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9

Sukreeyapongse, O., S. Panichsakpatana, and J. Thongmarg. "Nitrogen leaching from soil treated with sludge." Water Science and Technology 44, no. 7 (October 1, 2001): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2001.0410.

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Анотація:
The amount of sludge generated from urban centers is increasing more and more, so wastewater treatment plants are being constructed. Recycling of sludge by application to agricultural land can alleviate the disposal pressure, and, at the same time, utilize the plant nutrients in the waste. Organic nitrogen in sludge is mineralized to inorganic forms such as nitrate and ammonium that can be taken up by plants. The inorganic forms of nitrogen, especially nitrates, can easily be leached because of its negative charge. Not only do nitrates cause eutrophication, but, at high concentration in drinking water, can also cause chemical suffocation disease in babies. This work is meant to quantify nitrate and ammonium nitrogen leached from soil treated with sludge. In order to obtain information on the composition of leachate from sludge, Kandiustults and a lysimeter study were used. Municipal and industrial sludge were applied to completely random design plots at different rates: 125, 250 and 375 kg N/ha. Each control lysimeter was treated with chemical fertilizer (N-P2O5-K2O : 20-10-10) at the rate of 125 kg N/ha. After the Chinese kale (Brassica oleracea L.) was planted in each lysimeter, leachate was collected every week and analyzed for NO3− and NH4+. The experiment was conducted at Kasetsart University, Bangkhen Campus, Bangkok, Thailand. Average nitrogen leach in the form of NO3− was 25 times more concentrated than the NH4+. Nitrate concentrations in the leachate exceeded the drinking water standard. Nitrate and ammonium leaching were measured to be between 1.50-3.00 % and 0.03-0.14% of the total treated nitrogen, respectively. Total nitrogen losses found in this study were 44.88%, 77.24% and 77.91% of the total nitrogen applied by chemical fertilizer, Huay Kwang sludge and Bangpa In sludge, respectively.
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Adelman, D. D., and M. A. Tabidian. "The potential impact of soil carbon content on ground water nitrate contamination." Water Science and Technology 33, no. 4-5 (February 1, 1996): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0509.

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A potential buildup of nitrate in the ground water resources of the eastern Sandhills of Nebraska has been projected to occur due to the intensive use of nitrogen fertilizer on irrigated cropland. A root-zone nitrate leaching study in this area revealed that soils with a high carbon concentration had minimal leaching compared to soils with lower concentrations. Soils high in carbon have an active population of denitrifying bacteria possibly causing denitrification and in turn reduction of nitrate leaching. Denitrifying bacteria are principally heterotrophic using soil organic carbon for both an energy and carbon source. The objective of this research was to interpret how root-zone denitrification affected nitrate leaching and ground water contamination by nitrate. A modified version of a solute transport model developed for the Eastern Sandhills was used to assess the risk of nitrate contamination for combinations of fertilizer and irrigation rates and for various soil carbon levels. The first attempt was to make risk assessment with eight farm management practices for cells with increasingly greater carbon levels until only those cells with the greatest carbon level were kept in production. Results of this assessment showed that even with excessive fertilizer and irrigation rates, risk of nitrate leaching was reduced as the minimum carbon level was increased. However, since less cropland was leaching nitrate with each successive risk calculation, the impact that root-zone denitrification had in nitrate leaching reduction could not be definitively determined. This prompted a model modification of the risk calculation procedure which kept all cropland in production and computed nitrate leachate risk for increasingly higher artificial carbon levels during successive risk calculations. Changing carbon levels was still more detrimental on nitrate leaching rates than changing farm management practices.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Nitrate leaching"

1

Carter, E. Thomas Jr. "Risk assessment formulation for nitrate leaching." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40347.

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2

Carter, E. Thomas. "Risk assessment formulation for nitrate leaching /." This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11182008-063039/.

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3

Wakida-Kusunoki, Fernando T. "Potential nitrate leaching from house building to groundwater." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.251274.

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4

Ottman, M. J., and J. E. Watson. "Nitrate Leaching Potential from a Single Border-Flood Irrigation." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/201383.

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Groundwater contamination by nitrate and other chemicals is a public concern and has subjected agriculture to scrutiny. Field studies were conducted at the Maricopa and Marana Agricultural Centers in 1989 to 1990 to document nitrate leaching potential with border flood irrigation. Calcium nitrate fertilizer was applied at various rates along with potassium bromide, which serves as an additional indicator of nitrate movement. Approximately 8.55 inches of irrigation water was applied at the Maricopa site on a sandy loam soil and 4.0 inches of irrigation water was applied at the Marana site on a clay loam soil. At the Maricopa site, only 64% of the nitrate could be accounted for in the top 6.7 ft. while most of the nitrate was found in the top 4 to 5 ft. at Marana. The water and nitrate moved 3 to 4 times deeper than predicted in the absence of preferential flow.
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5

Cordell, Susan Chapman. "Nitrate losses beneath an irrigated cotton field." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1994. http://etd.library.arizona.edu/etd/GetFileServlet?file=file:///data1/pdf/etd/azu_e9791_1994_178_sip1_w.pdf&type=application/pdf.

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6

Matchett, Lisa Susanne. "Denitrification in riparian buffer zones." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310427.

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7

Ling, Ge. "Assessment of nitrate leaching in the unsaturated zone on Oahu." Thesis, Water Resources Research Center, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/21929.

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Анотація:
Groundwater contamination caused by agricultural fertilization is a widely recognized problem. In Hawaii, nitrogen fertilization from pineapple and sugarcane fields has posed a threat to several basal aquifers and has been implicated in coastal algae blooms. The concentration of nitrate-N in the Pearl Harbor basin on the island of Oahu was below 2.3 mg/L in the 1950’s and 1960’s, and has increased to as much as 7.6 mg/L in 1992 to 1994. The objective of this dissertation research is to develop a practical methodology for realistically estimating nitrate leaching from fertilized agricultural lands. Numerous mechanisms have impact on the distribution and migration of nitrate in the soil. Nitrogen fertilizer undergoes many N transformations and interactions with the soil and the plant after applications. In this study, an analysis of soil samples was performed to understand the leaching process of nitrate in the root zone of three different cropped fields in Hawaii. A detailed discussion is given to address various factors which control the nitrate transport process. To judge the sampling plan in relation to spatial variation, the field measurements were evaluated statistically by an uncertainty index, which is represented as the density of samples required for the estimate of sample mean of the nitrate concentration to fall within a defined limit of accuracy. In order to predict the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the groundwater contamination with very limited input data, a simple, analytical, lumped parameter model (LPM), was developed. The model can estimate the average nitrate leaching from the root zone in response to agricultural practices, N transformations and other related processes. The model was tested against the field data and two detailed numerical models, LEACHM-N and CERES-Maize. It provides an alternative way to assess nitrate leaching from the root zone with acceptable accuracy. A listing of the program is provided in Appendix 2. Owing to the complex nature of nitrogen behavior in the unsaturated zone, some degree of uncertainty is involved in the development of modeling approaches. In this study, five major sources of uncertainty were identified. These are: uncertainty due to spatial variation, uncertainty related to the accuracy of the input data, uncertainty due to simplifications in the development of the models, uncertainty due to the modeling parameters, and uncertainty due to the complexity of the unsaturated zone in Hawaii. The impact of these uncertainties on simulation results is evaluated.
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1996.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 202-215).
UHM: Has both book and microform.
Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa
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8

Elder, Linda A. "Water table height and nitrate leaching in undisturbed soil columns." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27874.

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Water table control by subsurface drainage has been shown to affect leaching losses of nitrate-nitrogen: a concern both for economic use of fertilizer, and for maintenance of water quality. The effect of water table height on leaching of NO₃⁻-N was investigated in this study in nineteen 15cm x 100cm undisturbed cores of silty clay loam. The experiment simulated fertilization followed by rainfall, then rapid water table rise and fall, under conditions similiar to those experienced in the early spring in the Lower Fraser Valley. In the first part of the experiment, a concentrated solution of KNO₃ and KG (equivalent to 35 kg/ha of N and 22 kg/ha of Cl) was applied to the columns, followed by intermittent leaching with distilled water. Leachate from two depths in each column was collected before and after a period of static water table, and analyzed for NO₃⁻, No₂⁻, NH₄⁺, and Cl⁻. This procedure was repeated without nutrient addition in the second part of the experiment. Chloride was used an inert tracer to follow anion movement and retention within the columns. There was no significant difference in the leachate NO₃⁻ concentration or leachate N/CI ratio from any of the four water table heights tested (15, 35, 55, and 75 cm above drain depth). The NO₃⁻ concentrations and N/CI ratios decreased with depth in the soil columns, indicating removal of N from the percolating soil solution, either by denitrification or immobilization. The variability in leachate concentrations among all columns was very high (eg. for a typical sample time, NO₃⁻-N ranged from 0.01 to 15.72 mg/L, and Cl⁻ ranged from 4.8 to 14.5 mg/L), as was the variability in constant head satiated hydraulic conductivities (range: 1 to 1468 cm/day; CV = 181%), and drainable porosity (range: 2.7 to 10.4%; CV = 39%). Cross sections of columns leached with 1% methylene blue solution did not reveal differences in patterns of water transmission between low and high conductivity columns. Indications were that penetration of dye was greater in columns with higher conductivities, and that preferential flow occurred in all columns examined. Leachate concentrations and N/CI ratios correlated significantly with hydraulic conductivity: Spearman's correlation coefficients were always > 0.8 for samples obtained from the bottom of the columns. However, even when the conductivity was included as a covariate in an analysis of covariance, there was no significant effect of water table height on nitrate leaching.
Applied Science, Faculty of
Chemical and Biological Engineering, Department of
Graduate
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9

Baigys, Giedrius. "Soil water regime and nitrate leaching dynamics applying no-tillage." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20090217_111111-32108.

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Анотація:
The impact of different agricultural systems used in agriculture on the leaching of nutrients and nitrates first of all depends on many factors that are not noticed and sometimes even underestimated by farmers trying to reach larger yields and better economic results. This article analysis the issue of changes in water regime and nitrate nitrogen leaching under the change of agricultural systems; such issue has not been investigated in Lithuania before. This research is especially relevant under the conditions of the Middle Lithuanian Lowland, where annual crops (cereals and sugar beet) area mainly cultivated, the ground is aerated in-tensely thus increasing the mineralization of organic substances and a lot of fertilizers are used. The change of conventional tillage for reduced tillage resulted in the decrease of the resources of surface soil water by 4,91-5,85 % and after changing it into no-tillage water resources decreased by 23,4 %. Reduced tillage and late ploughing are appropriate environmental means reducing nitrate nitrogen leaching from soil.
Įvairių žemdirbystės sistemų naudojamų žemės ūkyje poveikis maisto medžiagų ir labiausiai nitratų išsiplovimui priklauso nuo daugelio veiksnių, kurių žemdirbiai siekdami didesnių derlių ir geresnių ekonominių rezultatų nepastebi, o kartais ir reikiamai neįvertina. Šiame darbe, nagrinėjamas šalyje netirtas vandens režimo ir nitratų azoto išplovimo pasikeitimų, keičiantis žemdirbystės sistemoms, klausimas. Šie tyrimai ypač aktualūs Lietuvos Vidurio lygumos sąlygomis, kur daugiausia auginama vienmečių augalų (javų ir cukrinių runkelių), kasmet žemė intensyviai aeruojama, taip didinant organinių medžiagų mineralizaciją, naudojama daug trąšų. Pakeitus tradicinį žemės dirbimą į sumažintą žemės dirbimą paviršinio dirvožemio sluoksnio vandens atsargos sumažėjo 4,91-5,85 %, o pakeitus į neariminį žemės dirbimą vandens atsargos sumažėjo 23,4 %. Sumažintas žemės dirbimas bei vėlyvas arimas yra tinkamos aplinkosauginės priemonės, mažinančios nitratų azoto išplovimą iš dirvožemio.
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10

Shah, Sanjay Bikram. "Agronomic and Nitrate Leaching Impacts of Pelletized versus Granular Urea." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/29201.

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Agronomic and water quality impacts of urea particle size were evaluated through field and laboratory experiments and mathematical modeling. In a two-year field study, corn silage yield, corn nitrogen (N) removal, and nitrate-N (NO₃⁻-N) leaching from urea pellets (1.5 g each) and granules (0.01-0.02 g each) applied at 184 kg-N/ha were compared. A control treatment (no N) and two other N application rates (110 and 258 kg-N/ha) were also included. Urea particle size impact on dissolution rate, dissolved urea movement, mineralization, and N0³-N leaching were evaluated in the laboratory. A two-dimensional (2-D) mathematical model was developed to simulate the fate of subsurface-banded urea and its transformation products, ammonium (NH₄⁺)and NO₃⁻. With 184 kg-N/ha, corn silage yield was 15% higher (p = 0.02) and corn N removal was 19% higher (p = 0.07) with pellets than granules in the second year of the field study. In the absence of yield response at 110 kg-N/ha, reason for higher yield at 184 kg-N/ha with pellets was unclear. Greater N removal reduced NO₃⁻-N leaching potential from pellets compared to granules during the over-winter period. No urea form response to yield or corn N removal was observed in the first year. In 23 of 27 sampling events, granules had higher NO₃⁻-N concentration in the root zone than pellets, with average nitrate-N concentrations of 2.6 and 2.2 mg-N/L, respectively. However, statistically, NO₃⁻-N leaching from the root zone was unaffected by urea form, probably due to high variability within treatments masking the treatment effects. In October 1997, pellets retained 16% more (p = 0.04) inorganic-N in the top half of the root zone than granules, due to slower nitrification in pellets as was determined in the mineralization study. Slower NO₃⁻-N leaching allowed for greater N extraction by plants. Pellets had lower dissolution, urea hydrolysis, and nitrification rates than granules; however, nitrification inhibition was the dominant mechanism controlling N fate. The model took into account high substrate concentration effects on N transformations, important for simulating the fate of band-applied N. The model exhibited good mass conservative properties, robustness, and expected moisture and N distribution profiles. Differences in measured field data and model outputs were likely due to uncertainties and errors in measured data and input parameters. Model calibration results indicated that moisture-related parameters greatly affected N fate simulation. Sensitivity analyses indicated the importance of nitrification-related parameters in N simulation, particularly, their possible multiplicative effects. Need for extensive model testing and validation was recognized. The validated 2-D N model could be incorporated into a management model for better management of subsurface-banded granular N. However, the 2-D model is not appropriate for simulating the three dimensional N movement from pellets.
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Книги з теми "Nitrate leaching"

1

Frink, C. R. Leaching of metals and nitrate from composted sewage sludge. New Haven: Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 1994.

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Frink, C. R. Leaching of metals and nitrate from composted sewage sludge. New Haven: Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, 1994.

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3

Johnson, Terrence G. A model of nitrate leaching from agricultural systems in Virginia's Northern Neck. Blacksburg: Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1993.

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Saini, Pradeep. Nitrogen transformations and nitrate leaching in mine soils reclaimed with sewage sludge and coal combustion residues. Morgantown, WV: College of Agriculture and Forestry, West Virginia University, 1994.

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5

Andrews, Richard James. The impact of sewage sludge application of nitrate leaching from arable land on the unconfined chalk aquifer of East Anglia, England. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1992.

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6

J, Schröder J., ed. Long term reduction of nitrate leaching by cover crops: Duration, December 1994-December 1997 : first progress report of EU concerted action (AIR3) 2108, reporting period, December 1994-December 1995. Wageningen [The Netherlands]: Agricultural Research Dept., Research Institute for Agrobiology and Soil Fertility, 1996.

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7

Annandale, J. G. Two-dimensional simulation of nitrate leaching in potatoes. 1991.

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8

Minshew, Hudson F. Nitrate leaching and model evaluation under winter cover crops. 1998.

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9

McMorran, Jeffrey P. Effects of potato cropping practices on nitrate leaching in the Columbia basin. 1994.

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10

Nitrogen scavenging: Using cover crops to reduce nitrate leaching in Western Oregon. [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1999.

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Частини книг з теми "Nitrate leaching"

1

Reichenau, Tim G., Christian W. Klar, Victoria I. S. Lenz-Wiedemann, Peter Fiener, and Karl Schneider. "Nitrate Leaching." In Regional Assessment of Global Change Impacts, 303–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16751-0_38.

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2

Moreno, F., F. Cabrera, J. M. Murillo, J. E. Fernandez, E. Fernandez-Boy, and J. A. Cayuela. "Nitrate Leaching under Irrigated Agriculture." In Sustainability of Irrigated Agriculture, 407–15. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8700-6_24.

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3

Smith, S. J., and D. K. Cassel. "Estimating Nitrate Leaching in Soil Materials." In Managing Nitrogen for Groundwater Quality and Farm Profitability, 165–88. Madison, WI, USA: Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/1991.managingnitrogen.c8.

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4

Reichenau, Tim G., Christian W. Klar, and Karl Schneider. "Effects of Climate Change on Nitrate Leaching." In Regional Assessment of Global Change Impacts, 623–29. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16751-0_72.

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5

Végh, K. R., and I. Cserni. "Measured and simulated nitrate leaching in vegetable culture." In Plant Nutrition, 936–37. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47624-x_456.

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6

Reichenau, Tim G., Christian W. Klar, and Karl Schneider. "Effects of Agro-Economic Decisions on Nitrate Leaching." In Regional Assessment of Global Change Impacts, 631–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-16751-0_73.

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7

Jiang, Yefang, Bernie J. Zebarth, George H. Somers, John A. MacLeod, and Martine M. Savard. "Nitrate Leaching from Potato Production in Eastern Canada." In Sustainable Potato Production: Global Case Studies, 233–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4104-1_13.

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8

Pratt, P. F. "Nitrogen Use and Nitrate Leaching in Irrigated Agriculture." In Nitrogen in Crop Production, 319–33. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/1990.nitrogenincropproduction.c21.

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9

Agostini, F., F. Tei, M. Silgram, M. Farneselli, P. Benincasa, and M. F. Aller. "Decreasing Nitrate Leaching in Vegetable Crops with Better N Management." In Genetic Engineering, Biofertilisation, Soil Quality and Organic Farming, 147–200. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-8741-6_6.

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10

Ramos, C., and E. A. Carbonell. "Nitrate leaching and soil moisture prediction with the LEACHM model." In Nitrogen Turnover in the Soil-Crop System, 171–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3434-7_4.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Nitrate leaching"

1

Horton, R., T. C. Kaspar, J. L. Baker, and M. Kiuchi. "Subsurface Flow Barriers to Reduce Nitrate Leaching." In Proceedings of the 19th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-952.

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2

Govarchingala, Feizollah Shams, and Sina Besharat. "Nitrate Adsorption and Potential Nitrate Leaching Under Partial Root Zone Drying Irrigation." In The 2nd World Congress on Civil, Structural, and Environmental Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/awspt17.101.

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Blaine Hanson, Jan W. Hopmans, Jirka Simunek, and Annemieke Gardenas. "Crop Nitrate Availability and Nitrate Leaching under Micro-Irrigation for Different Fertigation Strategies." In 2004, Ottawa, Canada August 1 - 4, 2004. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.16194.

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4

Qi, Zhiming, and Matthew J. Helmers. "Effects of Cover Crops in Reducing Nitrate-Nitrogen Leaching in Iowa." In Proceedings of the 19th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-947.

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5

Lei, Yuping, Zhen Wang, Hongjun Li, Li Zheng, and Shengwei Zhang. "Assessment of nitrate leaching on agriculture region using remote sensing and model." In SPIE Europe Remote Sensing, edited by Christopher M. U. Neale and Antonino Maltese. SPIE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.831342.

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6

Haiying Gao and Ligang Xu. "Study of nitrate-nitrogen leaching characteristics in the agricultural extensively planted farmland." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5964828.

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7

Al-Kaisi, Mahdi, and Greg Wilson. "Tillage and cover crop effects on productivity, soil properties, and nitrate leaching." In Proceedings of the 21st Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-2.

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8

Baker, James L., Daniel E. Ressler, Robert Horton, and Thomas C. Kaspar. "New Nitrogen Application/Placement Techniques to Increase Use-Efficiency and Reduce Nitrate Leaching." In Proceedings of the 10th Annual Integrated Crop Management Conference. Iowa State University, Digital Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/icm-180809-614.

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9

Chen, Jingying, and Jinhui Liu. "Study on Sulphate and Nitrate Pollution in Groundwater of a Leaching Uranium Mine." In 2012 2nd International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2012.6260751.

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10

"Impact of nitrogen application timing and source on nitrate leaching and crop yield." In 2016 10th International Drainage Symposium. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/ids.20162493614.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Nitrate leaching"

1

Kanwar, Rameshwar S., Carl H. Pederson, James L. Baker, Antonio P. Mallarino, John E. Sawyer, and Kenneth T. Pecinovsky. Fertilizer and Swine Manure Management Systems: Impacts on Crop Production and Nitrate-Nitrogen Leaching with Subsurface Drainage. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-208.

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2

de Boer, Herman. Nitrate leaching from liquid cattle manure compared to synthetic fertilizer applied to grassland or silage maize in the Netherlands. Wageningen: Wageningen Livestock Research, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/425920.

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