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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 27 липня 2024
Оновлено: 29 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "New York (City). Dept. of Parks"

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Reichl, Alexander. "Manufacturing Landmarks in New York City Parks." Journal of Urban History 44, no. 4 (April 7, 2015): 736–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144214566984.

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Recently, derelict artifacts of the industrial age such as railroad tracks and gantry cranes have emerged as prominent aesthetic features in New York City’s newest parks. This article documents and analyzes this new practice of historic preservation in three new parks, including the internationally acclaimed High Line. Socioeconomic data confirm that these industrial-themed parks exist in neighborhoods marked by dramatic postindustrial change. I argue that the trends are interrelated: that is, the injection of industrial remains into the city’s cultural and symbolic landscape not only represents the decline of the city’s industrial sector but also reinterprets and legitimizes this decline. The analysis highlights the political nature of historic preservation, which in this case helps nurture support for an elite-led postindustrial agenda in the face of recurring political challenges from progressives.
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2

SHIMADA, Chisato. "Lecture2: Revitalization efforts of New York City Parks." Journal of the Japanese Society of Revegetation Technology 45, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.7211/jjsrt.45.374_1.

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3

Kodali, Hanish P., Katarzyna E. Wyka, Sergio A. Costa, Kelly R. Evenson, Lorna E. Thorpe, and Terry T. K. Huang. "Association of Park Renovation With Park Use in New York City." JAMA Network Open 7, no. 4 (April 10, 2024): e241429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2024.1429.

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ImportanceEquity-driven citywide park redesign and renovation, such as the Community Parks Initiative (CPI), has the potential to increase park use and opportunities for physical activity in underserved communities.ObjectiveTo evaluate changes in patterns of park use following park redesign and renovation in low-income New York City (NYC) neighborhoods.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThe Physical Activity and Redesigned Community Spaces study was a prospective quality improvement preintervention-postintervention study design with matched control parks. Thirty-three intervention and 21 control neighborhood parks were selected based on specific criteria related to poverty rates, population growth, and population density in park neighborhoods and not having received more than $250 000 in investment in the past 2 decades. Data were collected at baseline (prerenovation) and 2 follow-up points (3 months and 1 year post renovation) between June 5 and December 4 from 2016 to 2022. Participants were individuals observed as users of study parks.InterventionThe CPI, which involved the redesign and renovation of neighborhood parks by the municipal government of New York City.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMain outcomes encompassed park use and physical activity levels assessed using the well-validated System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities. Park use was quantified by total number of park users, categorized by age group (≤20 years vs ≥21 years), sex, and physical activity level (sitting or standing vs walking or vigorous activity). Changes in outcomes between groups were compared via the generalized estimation equation.ResultsA total of 28 322 park users were observed across 1458 scans. At baseline, 6343 of 10 633 users (59.7%) were 20 years or younger, 4927 of 10 632 (46.3%) were female and 5705 (53.7%) were male, and 4641 of 10 605 (43.8%) were sitting or standing. Intervention parks showed more net park users compared with control parks from baseline to the final follow-up (difference-in-difference relative rate ratio, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.22-2.35] users/scan; P = .002). The association was driven by a significant increase in adult users at intervention parks and overall decrease in all users at control parks. Park users engaging in sitting or standing at intervention parks increased (difference, 4.68 [95% CI, 1.71-7.62] users/scan; P = .002) and park users engaging in walking or vigorous physical activity at control parks decreased (difference, −7.30 [95% CI, −10.80 to −4.26] users/scan; P < .001) over time.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this quality improvement study, park redesign and renovation were positively associated with park use in low-income neighborhoods. However, park renovations may need to be accompanied by other programmatic strategies to increase physical activity.
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4

Wacker, Jill. "Sacred Panoramas: Walt Whitman and New York City Parks." Walt Whitman Quarterly Review 12, no. 2 (October 1, 1994): 86–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.13008/2153-3695.1437.

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Robertson, David. "Guidelines for Urban Forest RestorationNew York City Department of Parks & Recreation. 2014. New York, NY: NY City Parks. 150 pages." Ecological Restoration 34, no. 3 (August 3, 2016): 265–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/er.34.3.265.

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Lu, Feng. "Research on the Performance and Enlightenment of New York Storm Surge Adaptive Landscape Infrastructure." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 03026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911803026.

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In the context of global warming, the study of the resilient city and resilient landscape has received more and more attention. In this work, New York is used as an example to explore the practical applications of storm surge adaptive landscape infrastructure. The vulnerability of New York in storm surges and New York’s plans for resilient city construction are introduced. Then according to the spatial distribution, through field research, questionnaires and data integration, the landscape infrastructure cases of beaches, waterfront parks, inland parks, nature areas and streets are studied, and their performance in Sandy is analysed. After that, under the guidance of resilient city theories and storm surge adaptation strategies, the experience that can be learned from these cases is summarized.
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7

Gadomska, Wiesława. "PARKS ON NEW YORK ISLANDS – A NEW COMPONENT IN THE URBAN SPACE AND CITYSCAPE." Space&FORM 45 (March 30, 2021): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21005/pif.2021.45.d-01.

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This article raises the issue of setting up and developing urban parks on islands which are situated around New York’s borough of Manhattan. Among the principal consequences are an improved balance of developed green spaces in the city and the emergence of attractive public places with a variety of functions and high-quality design solutions. As for the urban landscape, interesting relations are created with respect to views of the unique silhouette of the city, and in particular of Manhattan.
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Elliott, Zetta. "The Trouble with Magic: Conjuring the Past in New York City Parks." Jeunesse: Young People, Texts, Cultures 5, no. 2 (December 2013): 17–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jeunesse.5.2.17.

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New York City parks serve as magical sites of discovery and recovery in speculative fiction for young readers, which has gone through a process of modernization, shifting from “universal” and “generic” narratives with repetitive features (derived from Western European folklore) to a sort of “specialization” that emphasizes the particular cultural practices and histories of racially diverse urban populations. Ruth Chew uses city spaces like the Brooklyn Botanic Garden and Prospect Park to engage young readers in the magical adventures of white, middle-class children. Zetta Elliott’s African American speculative novels A Wish After Midnight and Ship of Souls utilize these sites to reveal the complexity and ethnic diversity of urban youth while conjuring the suppressed history of free and enslaved blacks in New York City.
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Zhou, Liyang, Leonid Tsynman, Kamesan Kanapathipillai, Zahir Shah, and Waheed Bajwa. "Acarological Risk of Infection with Borrelia burgdorferi, the Lyme Disease Agent, in Staten Island, New York City." Arthropoda 2, no. 3 (July 15, 2024): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arthropoda2030014.

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Lyme disease, the leading vector-borne ailment in the U.S., annually affects an estimated 476,000 individuals, predominantly in the Northeast and Upper Midwest. Despite its increasing incidence, the evaluation of risk within U.S. cities, including natural public lands, remains inadequate. This study focuses on blacklegged tick occurrences and Borrelia burgdorferi infection prevalence in 24 Staten Island parks, aiming to assess Lyme disease exposure risk. Monthly acarological risk index (ARI) calculations from 2019 to 2022 revealed elevated values (0.16–0.53) in specific parks, notably Wolfe’s Pond Park, High Rock Park, Clay Pit Pond Park, Clove Lake Park, and Fair View Park. June (0.36) and November (0.21) consistently exhibited heightened ARIs, aligning with peak tick collection months. Despite stable yearly infection rates at 28.97%, tick densities varied significantly between parks and years. Identifying a high transmission risk in specific parks in Staten Island, a highly urbanized part of New York City, emphasizes the continuous necessity for Lyme disease risk management, even within the greenspaces of large cities.
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Plunz, Richard A., Yijia Zhou, Maria Isabel Carrasco Vintimilla, Kathleen Mckeown, Tao Yu, Laura Uguccioni, and Maria Paola Sutto. "Twitter sentiment in New York City parks as measure of well-being." Landscape and Urban Planning 189 (September 2019): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landurbplan.2019.04.024.

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Дисертації з теми "New York (City). Dept. of Parks"

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Evers, Sarah E. "Altering the Urban Frontier: Gentrification and Public Parks in New York City." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/28.

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After decades of cuts to federal funding, cities were left with few resources for public services, particularly parks and open spaces. Current trends of massive gentrification in New York City are changing the housing market and other components of the private sector. In addition to altering socio-spatial dynamics in the housing and consumer markets, gentrification can alter public spaces as well. By comparing three New York City neighborhoods at different stages of gentrification, I analyzed socio-spatial dynamics, public and private funding, event programming, and ethnographically observed changes in the physical and social landscape of the park, and neighborhood, over time.
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Reinhart, Becky. "An analysis of the cultural function of three urban parks." 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10090/8947.

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Книги з теми "New York (City). Dept. of Parks"

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New York (State). Office of the State Comptroller. Division of Management Audit. New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, maintenance of parks. Albany, NY: The Division, 1998.

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2

New York (State). Office of the Special Deputy Comptroller for the City of New York. New York City Department of Parks and Recreation capital reconstruction and restoration program. [New York, N.Y: Office of the Special Deputy Comptroller, 1986.

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3

New York (State). Office of the State Deputy Comptroller for the City of New York. New York City Department of Parks and Recreation follow-up on Maintenance and Operations Bureau. [New York, N.Y: Office of the State Deputy Comptroller, 1988.

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4

New York (State). Division of Management Audit and State Financial Services. New York City Department of Parks and Recreation, oversight of public-private partnerships: A report. [Albany, NY]: Division of Management Audit and State Financial Services, 2002.

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5

New York (State). Office of the State Deputy Comptroller for the City of New York. New York City Department of Housing Preservation and Development Carnegie Park Project. [New York, N.Y: Office of the State Deputy Comptroller, 1988.

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6

Reynolds, Andrea E. Historic houses in New York City parks. Edited by New York (N.Y.). Department of Parks and Recreation and Historic House Trust of New York City. 2nd ed. [New York]: City of New York Parks & Recreation, 1992.

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7

Association, Frederick Law Olmsted. The New York City urban parklands restoration index. [New York, N.Y.] (475 Riverside Dr., New York 10115): Frederick Law Olmsted Association, 1997.

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8

New York (State). Office of the Special Deputy Comptroller for the City of New York. New York City Fire Department vehicle downtime. [New York, N.Y.]: Office of the New York State Comptroller, Office of the Special Deputy Comptroller for the City of New York, 1986.

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9

1943-, Lopate Phillip, ed. Legacy: The preservation of wilderness in New York City parks. New York: Aperture, 2009.

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10

Bertheloot, Pieter. East New York: The border condition. Leuven: Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, 2012.

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Частини книг з теми "New York (City). Dept. of Parks"

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Pollack, Daniel. "Loper v. New York City Police Dept. 802 F.Supp. 1029 (S.D.N.Y. 1992)." In Social Work and the Courts, 170–71. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003249894-59.

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Rhodes, Matthew E., Krista L. McGuire, Katherine L. Shek, and Tejashree S. Gopal. "Going Up: Incorporating the Local Ecology of New York City Green Roof Infrastructure into Biology Laboratory Courses." In Transforming Education for Sustainability, 165–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13536-1_10.

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AbstractCurrent urban development practices are predicted to be largely unsustainable, placing an increasing burden on surrounding ecological systems. One mitigation effort involves expanding green infrastructure and alleviating urban ecological challenges by building in cooperation with ecological processes. Cities are investing in large-scale green infrastructure projects such as urban parks, bioswales (roadside plantings), and green roofs. Recently, scientists have begun to explore the ecological principles that govern the assembly and long-term performance of rooftop communities. In Fall 2013 and Spring 2017, students in the Microbiology and Molecular Biology laboratory courses at Barnard College engaged in surveys of soil microbial communities from different types of green infrastructure installations to evaluate the factors that structure community assembly. These projects enabled students to witness and contribute to developing urban ecological sustainability measures. The results contributed to a successful grant application, a Master’s thesis, and several peer-reviewed publications with students as lead or co-authors. Two students, inspired by their exposure to green infrastructure, demonstrated the negative impacts of nitrogen deposition on sensitive roadside green infrastructure installations. Students expressed an increased feeling of ownership and pride due to the authenticity and novelty of their work and increased engagement with both the course project and ecological sustainability.
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Plotch, Philip Mark. "An Empty Promise." In Last Subway, 27–48. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9780801453663.003.0003.

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This chapter examines how parks commissioner Robert Moses had been a powerful player in Fiorello La Guardia's administration and a dominant force under William O'Dwyer. Moses simultaneously held multiple public-sector positions that gave him enormous power over public works projects in the New York metropolitan area. During the four years and eight months of the O'Dwyer administration, O'Dwyer and Moses convinced New Yorkers, the media, and even state legislators that the city would soon begin building a Second Avenue subway. However, New York City was in a precarious financial situation. Not only was New York City getting less federal aid, but it was also reaching the maximum amount of money it could borrow, a level defined in the New York State constitution. To generate support for raising fares and building the new subway, O'Dwyer's team lied, claiming the Second Avenue subway would be self-sufficient and that the fare increase would create a financially sustainable and growing subway system. In 1950 and 1951, the state legislature authorized a constitutional amendment that would allow the city to borrow an additional $500 million over and beyond its constitutional debt limit. After the amendment passed, city officials knew that the city could not afford to proceed with the Second Avenue subway. By 1953, the city's business leaders and their allies in the state capital had lost faith in the city's ability to manage the transit system.
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Brecher, Charles, Raymond D. Horton, Robert A. Cropf, and Dean Michael Mead. "The Department of Parks and Recreation." In Power Failure, 299–328. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195044270.003.0014.

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Abstract Standing before the stony panorama of New York City’s concrete skyscrapers and asphalt streets, the average New Yorker would be surprised to learn that fully one-sixth of the city is public parkland and that a larger portion of its land is reserved for parks than in any other large American city. (See Tables 14.1 and 14.2.) In fact, the average share devoted to local parks among the nation’s largest cities is only about 6 percent, less than half the equivalent figure for New York City.
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Kowsky, Francis R. "Introduction." In Country, Park, & City, 3–10. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195114959.003.0001.

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Abstract Calvert Vaux (1824-1895) fervently advocated the power of art to refine and elevate the human spirit. An accomplished architect and landscape architect, he believed that wellplanned, picturesque buildings and naturalistically laid-out parks and grounds enhanced the lives of all who used them. After a six-year period in Newburgh, New York, where he settled in 1850 following his training as an architect in his native England, Vaux established himself in New York City. He would practice there for the next 40 years. During this long career, he designed houses for men of wealth as well as for artists and writers and middle-class clients. He also laid out parks and cemeteries, drew plans for some of the largest public edifices America had yet seen, erected model tenements and other buildings intended to improve the conditions of the urban poor, called for intelligently planned apartment houses at an early date, and, not least of all, built many charming structures in the nation’s new public parks. His name, however, has been overshadowed by the reputations of his more well-known associates, Andrew Jackson Downing (1815-1852), the man who brought him to America, and Frederick Law Olmsted (1822-1903), the man whom Vaux introduced to the profession of landscape architecture.
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"4. Parks for Profit: Public Space and Inequality in New York City." In Deconstructing the High Line, 61–72. Rutgers University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.36019/9780813576480-007.

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Holtzman, Benjamin. "Remaking Public Parks." In The Long Crisis, 95–132. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190843700.003.0004.

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This chapter examines the decline and subsequent revitalization of major parks through their control by public–private partnerships in the late twentieth century. The extensive private sector involvement in parks was far from the elite-initiated takeover that has been depicted. In contrast, this shift dates back to community residents’ organizing in the late 1960s and 1970s to revive degenerating greenspaces that had suffered municipal neglect. What first began as community park revitalization efforts in neighborhoods throughout New York spread to initiatives that involved broader elements of the private sector. Indeed, the subsequent involvement of businesses and corporations in the care and management of parks was spurred by years of campaigns by concerned residents, nonprofits, cultural institutions, and officials who had lost faith in the ability of local government to maintain parks, ultimately catalyzing the growth of public–private partnerships to manage city parks by the end of the century.
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Campbell, Lindsay K. "City of Forests." In City of Forests, City of Farms. Cornell University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501707506.003.0004.

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Chapter three describes the heart of the MillionTreesNYC campaign: planting one million trees. It focuses on the organizational, governance, and material arrangements involved in transforming the city’s urban forest. A formal public-private partnership was created to run the campaign, an example of truly hybrid governance at work. The prominence and scale of the initiative led to major organizational changes in the two core partners. They both garnered and expended massive amounts of financial and human resources in the planting of a million trees. Counting the number of trees planted was central to the public identity and internal functioning of the campaign. The conduct of urban forestry in New York City was radically altered by the MillionTreesNYC campaign. New guidelines, routines, and procedures were developed to alter the practice of urban forestry on streets, in parks, in “natural areas,” on public housing grounds, and on private land.
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Weikart, Lynne A. "Growing the City and Protecting the Environment." In Mayor Michael Bloomberg, 76–105. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501756375.003.0005.

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This chapter looks at Mayor Michael Bloomberg's remarkable record in economic development, emphasizing how he changed New York City in ways that will be felt for decades into the future. It highlights the role Bloomberg played in reshaping the urban landscape, which is considered as his most important legacy as it affected the daily lives of citizens the most. It also discusses Bloomberg's signal achievement in the physical transformation of the city, particularly on parks and pedestrians. The chapter cites the analyses done by journalists and scholars on Bloomberg's economic development, which called attention to his ignorance of the unintended consequences of his large-scale development in the city's neighborhoods. It dwells on Bloomberg's passionate belief that more jobs can reduce poverty.
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Checker, Melissa. "Introduction." In The Sustainability Myth, 1–18. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479835089.003.0001.

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This chapter introduces some of the contradictions of urban sustainability in New York City by comparing the glassy, “green” high-rises, rooftop gardens, and waterfront parks of Manhattan and Brooklyn to the heavily industrialized north shore of Staten Island, largely populated by communities of color. The chapter then offers a brief overview of economic redevelopment in New York City during the 12-year mayoralty of Michael Bloomberg who effectively coupled sustainability with luxury real estate development. This pairing forms the basis of environmental gentrification, a process that exacerbates the uneven distribution of environmental benefits and burdens across the city and undermines the very definition of urban sustainability. This chapter lays out a framework for investigating this and other paradoxes that plague today’s “sustainable” cities.
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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "New York (City). Dept. of Parks"

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Nasab, Maxim D. "Prescribing Bridge Architecture for Social Resilience." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.1791.

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<p>Communities can have the most beautiful buildings and parks, but if their infrastructure continues to be designed in the often misquoted “form ever follows function” mentality, it will always be the weakest link of any city. Shouldn’t we start investing in the beauty of our cities for future generations? Is beauty not also a function that can have a profound return on investment to the surrounding communities?</p><p>This paper explores how we can prescribe language in RFPs, which integrate aesthetics and bridge architects efficiently within infrastructure projects, so aesthetics can be implemented while cost be greatly minimized. Today, aesthetics should no longer be an option. It should be required on any bridge project that has visibility and should not be limited to reveals and ornamental railings. Rather it should blend within the project so seamlessly that it becomes integral to the structure. When successful it resonates through communities, regions, and countries. It brings people closer towards a common goal, a common agreement. Beauty is not in the eye of the beholder but in the eye of the masses. By creating collaborative environments between engineers, architects, and builders we will be able to work together as a team towards a common goal where we can design and build socially responsible, successful and everlasting bridges for our cities.</p>
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Calderon, Olga. "Isolation, identification, and characterization of Cerambycid beetles and their bacterial symbionts in three New York City urban parks." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.113693.

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Español Fernández, Esteban. "Ideas clave y evolución en la ordenación territorial contemporánea: paradigmas disciplinares en base a los planes regionales de Nueva York (1929), Londres (1944), Copenhague (1947), Paris (1965), Barcelona (1966 y 2004), Bolonia (2004) y Marsella (2012)." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Barcelona: Facultad de Arquitectura. Universidad de la República, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.6103.

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Se persigue aportar una lectura de cómo y por qué cambian las ideas claves detrás las “grandes decisiones” sobre la ordenación de la ciudad, en base al estudio de diferentes “Planes” llevados a la realidad. Esta evolución se intenta trazar a través de estudiar en profundidad una serie de planes regionales: Nueva York (1929) Londres (1944), Copenhague (1947), París (1965), Barcelona (1965 y 2010), Bolonia (2004), Holanda (2004) y Marsella (2012). La lectura de ellos muestra que hay cuatro “retos comunes” fundamentales para su redacción: el uso racional del suelo, la preservación de espacios abiertos, la distribución de la centralidad y la optimización de la movilidad. De ellos se extraen sus principales aportaciones a cada una de las mencionadas ideas clave, así se disecciona cómo cada uno “evoluciona” y las causas (internas y externas) que motivan las innovaciones. The objective is to search how and why the key ideas behind the "big decisions" on the organization of the city change, basing on the study of different "plans" brought to reality. For this evolution, the following Regional Plans are studied in depth: New York (1929), London (1944), Copenhagen (1947), Paris (1965), Barcelona (1965 and 2010), Bologna (2004), Holland (2006) and Marseille (2012). A reading of them shows that there are four basic "common challenges" in their approach: rational land use, preservation of open space, distribution of centrality and optimization of mobility. The main contributions from each plan, to each of the above mentionaed key ideas are clearly stated, thus it is examined in detail how each evolves and the causes (internal and external) behind the innovations
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Occhiuto, Rita. "Resistance & Permanence of Green Urban Systems in the Globalization Age." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.6328.

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Rita Occhiuto Faculté d’Architecture. Université de Liège, ULG. 1, Rue Courtois 4000 Liège (BE) Tél. +3242217900 e-mail : r.occhiuto@ulg.ac.be Keywords: public space, park system, green and water infrastructure, morphological green writings, landscape memory The rapid transformation and the trivialization of landscapes in Wallonia (BE), require reformulating tools and objectives of morphological studies. Built fabrics and landscapes show the effects of abandoning or losing interest in the interrelations between natural and human actions. This contribution focuses on studies of cities and territories that have ceased to be the object of spatial policies attentive to the relationship between the need to live, maintain or care for green or natural spaces. After the systematic reduction of urban environments to simple green covers, morphological reading allows the recognition of traces of park systems or green infrastructures, whose communities often do not remember. The research's focus has shifted from the building to the green space structure. This displacement of interest makes it possible to find commons cultures that have acted on the territory of Liège (industrial city) on the one hand, through the building’s extension and on the other hand, through the project of forests, walks, squares, parks and public gardens. Now, these fragmented places become the main resource for reorganizing natural and human systems in order to offer new - social and spatial - coherence for tomorrow. Thus the historical green systems become a strong structuring link which serves to seek new dialectics of balance between existing fabrics and green systems. This system’s regeneration stands, on the one hand, to the hybridization of materials - water, green and buildings - and, on the other hand, to the physical and mental memory of the inhabited environments that populations keep. Green systems impose themselves as powerful vectors for the construction of new socio-spatial balances of cities and territories of globalization, as in the study case for the landscape systems in Liège and for the water and landscapes infrastructure in Chaudfontaine.References Foxley, A. (2010), Distance &amp; engagement. Walking, thinking and making landscape. Vogt landscape architects, Lars Müller Publishers Cronon,W., Coll., Uncommon ground. Rethinking the Human Place in Nature. W.W.Norton &amp; Company New York/London McHarg, I.(1969), Design with Nature, 1th, New York Spirn, A.W. (1994), The granite garden. Urban Nature and Human Design, ed. Basic Book Ravagnati, C. (2012), L’invenzione del Territorio. L’atlante inedito di Saverio Muratori, ed. Franco Angeli, Milano
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Звіти організацій з теми "New York (City). Dept. of Parks"

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Shoen, David. Urban Parks: New York City. Edited by Nora Ruth Libertun de Duren. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002339.

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