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Статті в журналах з теми "New technology and empirical data"
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Heegaard, Poul E. "Empirical Data from Mobile and IP Telephony." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 4, no. 1 (March 20, 2008): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v4i1.237.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Over the recent years enormous changes in the telecommunication services, techniques, regulations and markets have taken place. However, even with many new exciting services the telephony service is still popular. This paper provides empirical traffic data and observations of telephony traffic patterns in mobile and IP telephony. They are presented and compared with old telephony patterns from Public Switched Telephone Networks (PSTN). The question is whether the characterization of telephony traffic should be reconsidered because new technology and markets might have changed the service and usage. How is the telephony usage patterns influenced by technology changes from fixed to mobile phones, changes in quality from fixed-line phone to mobile and IP telephone, changes in tariffs from usage based to flat-rate subscriptions, and appearance of alternative message based communication means? This paper presents a comparison between recent mobile and IP telephony measurements and telephony measurement obtained nearly four decades ago. The traffic patterns are compared and significant changes in the daily and weekly traffic profiles are observed. In particular, the profile of international calls has significantly changed and does not resemblance any of the standard traffic profiles from ITU E.523. The busy hour call holding times are fitted a log-Normal distribution for domestic and Hyper Exponential for international calls. Furthermore, the average call holding times show significant variations over the day in flat-rate subscriptions. Finally, the results indicate that the Short Message Service (SMS) seems to serve as a supplement to phone calls, in particular in the evenings, which might change call holding time distribution and traffic intensities.
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Link, Albert N. "Technology transfer at the US National Institute of Standards and Technology." Science and Public Policy 46, no. 6 (August 4, 2019): 906–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scz038.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This article analyzes the interrelationship among technology transfer mechanisms using data specific to the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). An overview of the history of NIST and US policies that emphasize the economic importance of technology transfer are discussed. The empirical analysis focuses on NIST investments in research and development (R&D) and the cascading impact of those investments on new inventions disclosed, new patent applications, new patents issued and new patent licenses; and accounting for the effects of R&D on these three investments, an overall estimate of the R&D elasticity of new patent licenses is calculated to be 0.7976. The article concludes with a policy-focused summary of the implications of the empirical findings, and a suggested road map for future research related to technology transfer from US federal laboratories.
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Cai, Li, Qing Liu, Shengliang Deng, and Dan Cao. "ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION AND EXTERNAL TECHNOLOGY ACQUISITION: AN EMPIRICAL TEST ON PERFORMANCE OF TECHNOLOGY-BASED NEW VENTURES." Journal of Business Economics and Management 15, no. 3 (July 8, 2014): 544–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2013.770786.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research investigates the effects of entrepreneurial orientation and external technology acquisition on the performance of technology-based new ventures in the context of a transitional economy. An analysis of the cross-sectional data from 123 Chinese technology-based new ventures was conducted. The results of the analysis support the contention that both the acquisition of external technology and entrepreneurial orientation improve new ventures’ performance. Additionally, the interaction of entrepreneurial orientation and external technology acquisition positively moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and performance of technology-based new ventures. Overall, this study contributes to our enhanced understanding of the complex relationship among entrepreneurial orientation, external technology acquisition and firm performance under transitional economic conditions. Firms from emerging economies, especially technologybased new ventures, may find the study findings useful in guiding their decision on external technology acquisition.
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Fitzgerald, Timothy. "Experiential Gains with a New Technology: An Empirical Investigation of Hydraulic Fracturing." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 44, no. 2 (August 2015): 83–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500010236.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In conjunction with technologies such as horizontal drilling, hydraulic fracturing has transformed U.S. and world energy outlooks by adding reserves from unconventional resources. Fracturing was developed by experimentation and experience. This study empirically analyzes fracturing data for wells in the Williston Basin in North Dakota and Montana, focusing on firms' ability to improve well production over time through collaboration. Results suggest that producers gain from experience with fracturing and that proprietary additives are not generally correlated with greater production but have value for some firms. Experiential gains are stronger for operators than for contractors, but some operator-contractor pairings have productive value.
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Goswami, Mausumi, and B. S. Purkayastha. "An Empirical Analysis of Preprocessing Tasks for Unstructured Data." Journal of Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience 17, no. 9 (July 1, 2020): 4380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2020.9081.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nowadays computing systems are able to learn, reason, hear and see. Enormous amount of new opportunities are created by artificial Intelligence. Artificial Intelligence has given two promising technologies. One such technology is NLP. Text Mining is also a promising area. These technologies enable and empower users to transform/map the key content in texts lying in documents into quantitative insight or to draw conclusion. Document Classification using supervised and unsupervised learning has a huge list of applications. Soft computing techniques like fuzzy logic helps to find a practical solution. This work proposes a methodology which is found to be significant while clustering unstructured data. The empirical analysis is included to demonstrate the improvement in document representation by using sparsification. Experiments are conducted on 5500 emails. Proposed methodology showed a significant improvement in representation of unstructured data.
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de Leeuw, Edith, and William Nicholls. "Technological Innovations in Data Collection: Acceptance, Data Quality and Costs." Sociological Research Online 1, no. 4 (December 1996): 23–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5153/sro.50.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Whether computer assisted data collection methods should be used for survey data collection is no longer an issue. Most professional research organizations, commercial, government and academic, are adopting these new methods with enthusiasm. Computer assisted telephone interviewing (CATI) is most prevalent, and computer assisted personal interviewing (CAPI) is rapidly gaining in popularity. Also, new forms of electronic reporting of data using computers, telephones and voice recognition technology are emerging. This paper begins with a taxonomy of current computer assisted data collection methods. It then reviews conceptual and theoretical arguments and empirical evidence on such topics as: (1) respondents and interviewer acceptance of new techniques, (2) effect of computer assisted interviewing on data quality, (3) consequences for survey costs and (4) centralized vs. decentralized deployment of CATI.
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Abdul Wahab, Noorhamizah, Sabri Nayan, and Yong Kang Cheah. "Internet User and Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Panel Data." Journal of Emerging Economies and Islamic Research 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jeeir.v8i3.8952.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There has been an increasing interest among academicians pertaining to the relationship between internet user and economic growth. The adoption of internet creates effective platform of business trade that provides expediency and convenience in doing business globally and thus results in tremendous dependency on technology to expand business locally and internationally. Hence, the use of internet plays a crucial role in the economic development of a country and undoubtedly to a certain extent affects economic growth of a nation. This paper aims to examine the relationship between internet user and economic growth in seven selected Southeast Asia countries. Panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) (PMG) model is employed in examining the relationship between internet user and economic growth from year 1997 to 2013. Consistent with endogenous growth theory proposed by Romer (1986), this study reveals that internet user and trade positively and significantly affect the economic growth in selected Southeast Asia countries. The increase in the use of internet thus is philanthropic to the users and can lead to faster economic growth. Worldwide acceptance of this new information technology makes internet indubitably requires exceptional attention by promoting and encouraging its use particularly amongst individual users and enterprises to improve their standard of living and for the betterment of their countries in handling daily activities more effectively.
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Schmidt, Pamela J., Jennifer Riley, and Kimberly Swanson Church. "Investigating Accountants' Resistance to Move beyond Excel and Adopt New Data Analytics Technology." Accounting Horizons 34, no. 4 (July 14, 2020): 165–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/horizons-19-154.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
SYNOPSIS A call to action has been sounded in accounting: Become a profession utilizing data analytics or become a profession bound for the history books. Accounting firms and corporations are investing in data analytics capabilities, but it is not clear whether accounting professionals are following their lead. Practitioner press indicates accountants resist the move beyond Excel even as organizations hire data scientists rather than accountants. This empirical study uses Status Quo Bias Theory to examine the resistance to data analytics technology by accounting and finance professionals. Surprisingly results indicate the perceived value does not mediate the effect of switching benefits and costs on resistance. Rather, switching benefits and perceived value are aligned as a single factor to reduce resistance while switching costs directly increase resistance. Researchers have focused substantial efforts toward data analytics in education and business. The troubling findings here suggest some accounting professionals resist adopting new analytics technology. JEL Classifications: M41; M49. Data Availability: Contact the authors.
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Abbott, Lawrence J., Susan Parker, Gary F. Peters, and Dasaratha V. Rama. "Audit, Nonaudit, and Information Technology Fees: Some Empirical Evidence." Accounting and the Public Interest 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/api.2003.3.1.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examines the purchase of nonaudit services by SEC audit clients. Effective February 5, 2001, the SEC has required the disclosure and description of audit, nonaudit, and information technology fees paid to the incumbent auditor. The SEC enacted this rule due to concerns about auditor independence. Our study reviews these disclosed fees contained in the proxy statements of 2,795 firms since the effective date of the new SEC disclosure rules. The results indicate that the actual incidence and magnitude of nonaudit fees is much greater than the information relied upon during the SEC rule-making deliberations. Consequently, our study calls into question the data used during SEC rule-making process, as well as the clarity of the current audit and nonaudit service distinctions. Our results also suggest that the nonaudit service landscape has changed dramatically since the last period of publicly available fee data (1978–1981). Our results provide at least two public policy implications. First, the SEC should maintain, at a minimum, the current disclosure environment. Second, the SEC should strive to improve the clarity and granularity of the disclosures. Our results also indicate a clear need for additional research regarding the provision of nonaudit services.
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Das, Arindam, and sheeba kapil. "Determinants of acquisitions in Chinese technology firms: an empirical investigation." Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration 8, no. 2 (June 6, 2016): 127–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjba-06-2013-0052.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose – Globalization, increasing intensity of competition and access to capital markets have enabled emerging market firms to explore inorganic growth through merger and acquisitions (M & A) over the past two decades. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of firm-specific factors on M & A propensity in Chinese technology firms. Design/methodology/approach – The authors analyze data on 152 firms from Mainland China, Hong Kong and Taiwan over a period of 2001-2011 using logistic and count data regression. Findings – The authors find that the factors that influence M & As in these firms differ from the established factors found in M & A in developed economies. Large, low-debt firms have higher acquisition propensity irrespective of their technological strength and they tend to be serial acquirer too. Originality/value – The findings provide new insights into inorganic growth behavior of emerging market technology firms and indicate presence of both exploitative and exploratory motives.
Дисертації з теми "New technology and empirical data"
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Mason, Terry, Fred Jr Thames, and John Howard. "‘NEW TECHNOLOGY’ DATA RECORDERS A TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW." International Foundation for Telemetering, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/606457.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 22-25, 2001 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, NevadaThere are clear signs that data recorders using solid-state and disk-based technologies now represent a serious alternative to conventional linear and rotary tape recorders for a broad spectrum of data capture applications. As the number of RFQs specifying these so-called ‘new technology’ solutions increases, virtually every major manufacturer has responded with announcements of new off-the-shelf products. A NATO technical support team has even been tasked with drafting standards for certain aspects of solid-state and disk recorders. But what has caused this sudden explosion of interest? Strange to say, in almost every case it has been the perceived shortcomings of the new technologies which have forced the issue. For all their advantages, solid-state and disk recorders are essentially only temporary storage devices. To overcome this problem manufacturers have found it necessary to address the total data capture/storage/distribution/archiving scenario – with some interesting results. It is in the ‘data handling’ area therefore that some of the most significant advances are to be found. This Paper offers an overview of some of the new technology solutions now available - RAID (Redundant Arrays of Independent Disks), JBOD (Just a Bunch Of Disks) and FLASH memory recorders. New paradigms for airborne, mobile and laboratory data collection, handling, analysis and archiving are discussed, demonstrating that (for once) the migration path has been carefully thought through, with industry-standard data interfaces, true computer connectivity (Windows and UNIX) and familiar control techniques. It concludes that many users with a keen interest in replacing legacy products for whatever reason can now do so with confidence and minimal disruption to their day-to-day operation while nevertheless gaining access to the important benefits which ‘new technology’ solutions can offer.
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Harfield, Antony James. "Empirical modelling as a new paradigm for educational technology." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2007. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/2404/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Educational technology has yet to deliver the benefits or successes that were expected in educational practice, especially in relation to issues other than the communication and delivery of teaching materials. Evidence suggests that these difficulties stem from the mismatch between formalised virtual learning environments and everyday sensemaking and between the rich potential for enhanced learning afforded by new technology and the constraints of old-style educational practice. In addressing this mismatch, some commentators suggest that the primary need is for a new culture of educational practice-and even that such a culture is already emerging, and others identify the need for a new paradigm for educational technology. The aim of this thesis is to explore the potential for a new paradigm for educational technology based on the principles and tools of Empirical Modelling (see http://dcs.warwick.ac.uk/modelling). The thesis builds upon previous research on Empirical Modelling as a constructionist approach to learning, and in particular Roe's doctoral thesis 'Computers for learning: an Empirical Modelling perspective'. Roe's treatment of Empirical Modelling can be viewed as generalising the use of spreadsheets for learning through applying 'programming by dependency' within the framework of existing educational practice. In contrast, this thesis is concerned at a more fundamental level with the contribution that Empirical Modelling can make to technology enhanced learning that may lead to new educational practices. In particular, it identifies eight significant characteristics of learning that are well-matched to Empirical Modelling activity, and associates these with experimental, flexible and meaningful strands in learning. The credentials of Empirical Modelling as a potential new foundation for educational technology are enhanced by demonstrating that Empirical Modelling is radically different from traditional software development and use. It provides a methodology for modelling with dependency that is more closely related to the use of spreadsheets for learning. The thesis elaborates on the relationship between Empirical Modelling and learning in a variety of different contexts, ways and applications. Three examples drawn from computer science higher education are explored to emphasise the experimental, flexible and meaningful characteristics of Empirical Modelling. This discussion of Empirical Modelling in a specific educational context is complemented by an investigation of its relevance to learning in a wider context, with reference to a broad range of subjects, to specific issues in language learning, and to the topics of lifelong learning and collaborative learning. Although the application of Empirical Modelling for learning is as yet too immature for large scale empirical studies, its potential is evaluated using informal empirical evidence arising from Empirical Modelling practice at Warwick. The sources for this evaluation are well-established teaching activities relating to Empirical Modelling in Computer Science at the University of 'Warwick, comprising an introductory module and a number of final year undergraduate projects. The thesis concludes by considering the extent to which Empirical Modelling can go beyond the support for constructionism envisaged by Roe, to address the broader agenda of supporting constructivist learning using computers. To this end, a close relationship between Empirical Modelling and a vision of constructivism recently set out by Bruno Latour in his paper 'The Promises of Constructivism' is demonstrated.
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Kim, Hae-min. "Empirical study of new Keynesian model using cointegrated VAR : what New Zealand data tell us." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54656.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Economics, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 27-28).
Econometric analysis of rational expectations models has been a widely studied topic in the macro-econometric literature. This thesis looks in particular at evaluating Neokeynesian model (NKM) with respect to its conformity with the data. Among the available econometric techniques, this thesis investigates what cointegrated VAR can illuminate about how close the NKM gets to the data. This project closely follow the approach taken by Mikael Juselius (2008) and extends the analysis to the New Zealand data. The findings from the thesis lend support to Juselius' conclusions but in a limited way. The results from this thesis question the robustness of his claims based on US data supporting inexact rational expectations models.
by Hae-min Kim.
S.M.
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Maximin, Grégory. "Les formes organisationnelles hybrides dans le secteur des télécommunications et des nouvelles technologies." Thesis, Antilles, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022ANTI0734.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Le but des travaux est de montrer par quels moyens et procédés stratégiques et organisationnels les firmes des secteurs intensifs en nouvelles technologies et en innovation font face à la spécificité des actifs et aux dynamiques propres à la mondialisation de l’économie. La Nouvelle économie institutionnelle guide nos travaux à travers l’approche de la firme utilisée qui est d’essence contractualiste et qui s’appuie sur les travaux de l’Economie des Coûts de transaction et de la Théorie des Contrats incomplets. Cependant d’autres approches de la firme sont abordées afin de pallier aux écueils identifiés au sein de l’approche contractualiste et d’enrichir la portée académique des travaux. De surcroît, la notion d’alliance stratégique est très importante dans nos travaux et nous permet d’opérer une articulation entre les concepts d’Organisation et de Marché afin de mettre en lumière certaines dynamiques propres à la firme dans une économie de marché. Par ailleurs la thèse aborde également les alliances stratégiques sous les deux autres angles suivants : à la fois celui de la multinationalisation des firmes innovantes, ainsi que sur celui de la réponse organisationnelle que constituent les alliances stratégiques face aux spécificités propres aux secteurs innovants. La Théorie des jeux et le concept d’équilibre de Nash peuvent nous aider à modéliser ou à décrire la dynamique des firmes du secteur des télécommunications. La dynamique de d’autres secteurs innovants est étudiée à travers la notion d’alliance stratégique. L’influence des décisions et politiques publiques en matière de règlementation des télécommunications et d’impulsion de l’innovation est aussi évoquée. L’influence des politiques publiques peut se voir notamment en matière de concurrence lorsque le régulateur public autorise dans les secteurs innovants des firmes concurrentes à coopérer en amont en matière de recherche et développement. D’ailleurs des modèles de recherche et développement seront présentés. Il est à noter que les travaux de thèse intègrent des données empiriques faisant état du poids des secteurs intensifs en recherche et développement et donc de l’innovation dans l’économie. Le champ géographique couvert par ces données empiriques est continental et/ou international.La thèse permet donc à partir de la notion d’alliance stratégique de détailler des procédés organisationnels et des stratégies comportementales (modèle de jeux) encourageant : l’innovation, le maintien d’une forte spécificité des actifs et la réactivité nécessaire aux firmes dans une économie mondialisée. Nous donnons les formes organisationnelles les mieux adaptées pour faire face à une forte spécificité des actifs dans le secteur des télécommunications. Il s’agit de la firme (post-fusion) et de la joint-venture relationnelle concernant cette dernière nous démontrons que la présence de contrats relationnels permet de réduire la volonté de renégociation et est une protection contre l’opportunisme contractuelThe aim of the thesis is to show what are the means and strategic and organizational processes the firms of the sectors highly intense in new IT and innovation use to cope with to asset specificity and to the dynamics of the globalisation of the economy. The New Institutional Economics (NIE) leads our work thanks to the conception of the firm used which is based essentially on a contractualist approach which uses the works of the transaction cost economics and of theory of the incomplete contracts; however other approaches of the firms are evocated in order to enrich the academical view of our thesis. Moreover, the notion of strategic alliance is very important for our work, and it allows us to operate an articulation between the concepts of Organization and the Market for put in the light some firm’s dynamics in a market economy. Furthermore, the thesis concerns the strategic alliances under two other following perspectives: the first one is the multinationalization of the innovative firms, and the second one concerns the organizational response that establish the strategic alliances to cope with the specificities of the innovative sectors. The game theory and the concept of Nash equilibrium can help us to model ou describe the dynamic of the firms belonging the sector of telecommunications. The dynamic of other innovative sectors is studied through the notion of strategic alliance. The influence of the decisions and the public policies concerning the telecommunication regulation and the impulse of the innovation is evocated too. The influence of public policies can be seen particularly concerning the competition when the public regulator allows in the innovative sectors the competing firms to cooperate in upstream (for example research and development joined). Some research and developments models are presented in the thesis. It is important to note that the thesis has empirical data highlighting the weight of the sectors highly intense in research and development and so showing the weight of the innovation in the economy. The geographical field covers by these data is international The thesis thanks to the notion of strategic alliance enables to retail the organizational processes and the behavioral strategies (models of game) strengthening the innovation, enabling to cope with to a strong asset specificity and explaining the firms’ responses in a globalized economy. We finish in providing the organizational forms the most adapted for cope with to the strong specificity of the sector of telecommunications. There are the firm (post-merger) and the relational joint venture concerning this latter we demonstrate that the presence of relational contracts enables to reduce the will to renege and is a protection against the contractual opportunism
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Thames, Fred. "A NEW GENERATION OF DATA RECORDERS BASED ON DLT TECHNOLOGY." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/607371.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1998 / Town & Country Resort Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, CaliforniaAs the performance of inexpensive commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) data storage devices continues to increase, the temptation to use them as the basis for data capture products for military and industrial applications becomes ever more compelling. For example, the Digital Linear Tape (DLT) format now offers a 270 Gigabits per cassette capacity at a sustained transfer rate of 40 Mbits/s – performance which would have cost tens or even hundreds of thousands of dollars per system just a few years ago. But to transplant such a device from its benign office habitat into a data capture product which will function reliably and consistently in a wide range of field and platform environments is an engineering task fully as difficult and complex as designing an environmentally robust recorder from scratch. This paper discusses the problems which typically have to be overcome; environmental protection, reliability, data integrity, power supplies, software issues, control and data interfacing, etc., citing practical examples of analog and digital DLT-based data recorders which are now entering service for telemetry, intelligence gathering, anti-submarine warfare and related applications
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Koester, Gerrit B. "The political economy of tax reforms : an empirical analysis of new German data /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2009. http://opac.nebis.ch/cgi-bin/showAbstract.pl?u20=9783832941314.
Повний текст джерела
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Koester, Gerrit B. "The political economy of tax reforms an empirical analysis of new German data." Baden-Baden Nomos, 2007. http://d-nb.info/992704804/04.
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Ramakrishnan, Thiagarajan. "Factors Influencing BI Data Collection Strategies: An Empirical Investigation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc31544/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the external factors that influence an organizations' business intelligence (BI) data collection strategy when mediated by BI attributes. In this dissertation, data warehousing strategies are used as the basis on which to frame the exploration of BI data collection strategies. The attributes include BI insightfulness, BI consistency, and the organizational transformation attribute of BI. The research population consisted of IT professionals and top level managers involved in developing and managing BI. Data was collected from a range of industries and organizations within the United States. An online survey was used to collect the data to empirically test the proposed relationships. Data was analyzed using partial least square path modeling (PLS). The results of this study suggest that there exists a positive relationship between institutional isomorphism and BI consistency. The results also indicate that there exists a positive relationship between BI consistency and BI comprehensive data collection strategy, and the organizational transformation attribute of BI and BI comprehensive data collection strategy. These findings provide a theoretical lens to better understand the motivators and the success factors related to collecting the huge amounts of data required for BI. This study also provides managers with a mental model on which to base decisions about the data required to accomplish their goals for BI.
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Clark, David Patrick Tai-Sik. "An empirical study of firm efficiency : new evidence using cross industry and country data." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2018. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/20995/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
At the most individual level, those operating within firms have a shared interest - the want to improve. Since the foundational ideas of Adam Smith and the division of labour, economists have taken an interest in attempting to understand what the firm does and how exactly it operates. The pioneering work of Coase (1937) explored the nature of the firm and the economic understanding of exactly why individuals choose to form firms to undertake business, rather than conducting market operations on an individual contractual basis. This marked the beginning of what was and has become a broad and diverse area of the literature. While the notion may have been hinted at and mentioned implicitly, the term transaction costs, coined by and developed by Williamson (1979) and Williamson (1981) made apparent the costs associated with initial contracts with suppliers and the importance of relational and ownership implications over time between buyer and seller. More generally, in the area of contract theory, theoretical applications of the principal-agent problem, in relation to the firm, have considered the design of contracts that maximise incentives on behalf of the worker, as well as considering the moral hazard that presents when information asymmetries are present (Hölmstrom, 1979; Grossman and Hart, 1983). In the advent of novel econometric techniques in the 1970s, such as stochastic fron- tier (Battese and Corra, 1977) and data envelopment analysis Charnes et al. (1978), made possible empirical studies of firm performance, namely efficiency in cost and production. While at the start of this literature, such techniques were solely used as a means to evaluate a numerical measure of efficiency and rank the observed individual units, more recent methodological advances have allowed an additional dimension of performance and efficiency studied. Using either a two or one-stage estimation method (Kumbhakar and Lovell, 2003), empirical researchers are able to use the efficiency estimates, attained from either the cost or production function, as a measure that could be explained by other explanatory covariates. This develop- ment was critical as it allowed the economist, policy maker and firms themselves, an insight into exact what attributes of the firm and the business environment either im- prove or hinder their performance. Aside from individual desires to make profit, the importance of understanding firm efficiency and its determinants has much wider implications. Given that small and medium-sized enterprise dominate the composition of firms within the private sector, particularly in developing countries; in combination with the fact that research has indicated that higher levels of GDP per capita in countries with larger numbers of SMEs (Beck et al., 2005; Ayyagari et al., 2007), there is a larger importance to understanding how we can encourage efficiency and performance. Moreover, despite the advent of new techniques, firm-level data that can be em- ployed in this framework have been relatively limited. While the applied SFA literature has been primarily concerned with the measure measurement of efficiency within utilities and agriculture, some firm or industry-level studies have emerged. That being said, those that do exists lack a expansive coverage of countries at different stages of economic and institutional development, as such, the application of policy recommendations are particularly constrained. This thesis attempts to fill a number of gaps within the existing body of literature in a number of ways. Firstly, we employ the use of a novel and comprehensive dataset. The World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES) has an extensive coverage 139 countries, at differing stages of economics and institutional development and transition from 2006-2016. The pooled cross-sectional dataset is multifaceted, in that, it includes a range of accounting and production measures, as well as a number of typical and atypical firm characteristics. Most notable, the survey ask firm managers about their perception to a range of obstacles to firm performance, including corruption, access to finance, the informal economy and business licensing. To our knowledge, this particular insight is unique within the data available on firms at any level of coverage. Secondly, in previous studies of corruption more generally, the established mea- sures of corruption are usually at the country-level in the form of indices, namely the Corruption Perceptions Index or International Country Risk measure. In this thesis, not only do we have information about the level of corruption at the level of the firm but we also know what the perceived level of corruption that firm has experience. Similarly, with respect to financial constraints, while the availability of data measur- ing access to finance at the firm-level is more prevalent, disaggregation by severity is less so. Moreover, the characteristics of the firm included in the data set, go far beyond usual variables such as age and size. Information on tax inspections, time spent on regulatory matters, use of IT communication in client dealings and external audits are provided, that allow far more a detail analysis of the determination of firm efficiency that has also been observed in the literature thus far. In the first of three studies in this thesis, we employ a one-stage SFA approach to both calculate and subsequently attempt to understand the role of corruption and financial constraints in the variation amongst firms in productive efficiency. In doing so, we test our hypotheses. Based on a survey of the literature, we formulate two hypotheses; the severity of both corruption and constraints to finance will reduce firm efficiency. The results of our empirical analysis find that while higher levels of severity in financial constraints reduce the level of efficiency, we find evidence to the contrary for the minor levels of perceived corruption. While the former result is in agreement with the established literature, our result regarding corruption is in line with the ‘grease money’ hypothesis. In lieu of the negative effects on efficiency found in chapter two, in chapter three, we endevour to understand what determines the severity to financial constraints the firm faces, particularly different information types, soft and hard. Based on the work of Beck et al. (2006), we employ a generealised ordered probit methodology to assess the marginal effects of different information types. In contrast with Beck et al. (2006), we find evidence against using the ordered probit over the generealised model, allowing a relaxing of the parallel lines assumption. In essence we find that, despite a documented over-reliance of hard information used in the consideration of loan applications Cole et al. (2004), soft information has important implications which are otherwise disregarded in the decision-making process. For completeness, we create two scales that assess the total number of problems firm report to face, as well as their aggregate severity. Just as is the case in considering only access to finance, we find that both information types are important to both severity and number of obstacles to operation that firms must endure. Following from this, in chapter four we employ two novel approaches to construct a index measures of obstacles that firms face. By using these approachs, namely generalised structural equation modelling (GSEM), empirical Bayes prediction and polychoric principal component analysis, we construct two measure of firm obsta- cles that are manifested within the 15 perceived obstacles measures that the survey measures, given the oversimplification that simpler arithmetic measures embody. In the construction of these measures, we find the perceived obstacles with the largest weighting are corruption, courts and business licensing, in line with some theoretical predictions made in the corruption and bribery literature (Guriev, 2004). Once con- structed, we use these measures, as well as a number of other firm characteristic to assess the effect on firm performance, namely firm sales. Initially, we find that the polychoric principal component measure to be statistically preferred to the empirical bayes prediction. For the sample as a whole, we find a negative significant negative linear relation between the firm’s placement on the scale and the level of firm sales.This persists also above the 40th percentile of firm sales, as well as in particular regions, sectors and firm sizes. Finally, chapter five will summarise the thesis.
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Smith, Julia. "Small business strategy : an empirical analysis of the experience of new Scottish firms." Thesis, Abertay University, 1997. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/5ab6c883-4559-4df9-83d1-0c352662eb26.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis aims to make a significant contribution to the development of the emerging literature on small business strategy. First, it conducts a critical review of the existing literature on strategy in general, and its relation to small firms in particular. Second, it investigates whether or not small firms do make strategic decisions, and discovers how these are incorporated into their long-term plans. Third, it establishes a link between the strategies employed by new small firms and their subsequent performance. And finally, it advises on the strategies and actions a small business should follow if it wishes to achieve high performance. As such, the work should be useful, not only to academics with an interest in new small firms, but also to practitioners and small business advisors. The thesis explains how two fieldwork instruments were designed, for use in face-to-face interviews with the owner-managers of 150 young micro-firms throughout Scotland, over a two-year time period. This work led to the design and development of a new database, and the creation of 17 case studies on small business strategy. Cluster analysis was used to group the firms into high, medium and low performance categories. Then strategies followed by each performance category were analysed to discover why some were more effective than others. The case study evidence was used to support this analysis, further augmented by statistics from the administered questionnaire. Seven propositions were developed, and empirically tested. O f these, the most notable were that: first, higher performers appear to have a better appraisal of their own strengths and weaknesses, as well as being more aware of opportunities and threats, compared to the lower performing firms; second, the implementation and continued use of information-technology has a statistically significant and positive effect upon performance; and third, the gathering of trade intelligence (e.g. marketing, quality) on rivals appears to enhance performance. Further propositions, on awareness, funding and ownership, round off the detailed picture provided of performance in the new small firm.
Книги з теми "New technology and empirical data"
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Storey, David J. A review of the empirical knowledge and an assessment of statistical data on the economic performance of new technology based firms (NTBFs) in Europe. [Luxembourg]: European Commission, 1996.
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Niininen, Petri. High technology investment, growth, and productivity: Empirical studies of Finnish data. [Helsinki]: Helsinki School of Economic and Business Administration, 1999.
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Taylor, M. A. P. Traffic analysis: New technology & new solutions. North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia: Hargreen Pub. Co., 1988.
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Corrales, Marcelo, Mark Fenwick, and Nikolaus Forgó, eds. New Technology, Big Data and the Law. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5038-1.
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Malchin, Anja, Ramona Voshage, and Joachim Wagner, eds. Empirical Studies with New German Firm Level Data from Official Statistics. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110510287.
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Graham, Jones. Information technology and the new accounting. London: McGraw-Hill, 1988.
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Cools, Marc. Safety, societal problems and citizens' perceptions: New empirical data, theories and analyses. Antwerpen: Maklu Uitgevers N.V., 2010.
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Cusack, John Thomas. An empirical investigation into the effects of IT outsourcing in IT infrastructure flexibility. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.
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Alan, Singleton, and Rickards C, eds. Dictionary of new information technology acronyms. 2nd ed. London: Kogan Page, 1986.
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Fisman, Raymond. Do stronger intellectual property rights increase international technology transfer?: Empirical evidence from U.S. firm-level panel data. [Washington, D.C: World Bank, 2004.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "New technology and empirical data"
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Lepik, Katri-Liis, and Audronė Urmanavičienė. "The Role of Higher Education Institutions in Development of Social Entrepreneurship: The Case of Tallinn University Social Entrepreneurship Study Program, Estonia." In Innovation, Technology, and Knowledge Management, 129–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84044-0_7.
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AbstractThe purpose of this chapter is to introduce a higher education social enterprise program and explore how it is shaping the field of social entrepreneurship. Social enterprise related university programs are an emerging trend. Entrepreneurial university theory and ecosystem framework are used to illustrate how the university social enterprise program, in turn, develops the field of social entrepreneurship. An example of an existing social enterprise program is discussed to highlight how it can be designed. Cases of social enterprises emerged as the result of the program are used to outline the different impacts that such support to social entrepreneurship might have. The research chapter reveals the multi-dimensional nature of the social enterprise program and its impact on students establishing their own social enterprises. It suggests that the incubation and other support activities should expand beyond the university program including a variety of network partners. The chapter provides empirical evidence of social enterprise development in a higher education institution and contributes to the global body of knowledge about fostering social enterprise development. As the provision of social entrepreneurship education is new in Estonia and the discussions on social enterprises are premature, the number of social entrepreneurship development partners is limited and hence the empirical data is currently scarce. The journey towards an entrepreneurial university is limited due to the lack of legal support and suitable infrastructure which would enhance project-based learning, support ‘spin-offs’ and patenting and rather engenders a more traditional academic learning environment.
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Granić, Andrina. "Technology Acceptance and Adoption in Education." In Handbook of Open, Distance and Digital Education, 1–15. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0351-9_11-1.
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AbstractThe chapter provides a comprehensive and up-to-date insight into main research findings in the area of educational technology acceptance, adoption, and usage. Over the past decades, a variety of theoretical perspectives have been advanced to provide an understanding of the determinants of adoption of various technologies used to support the process of knowledge transfer and acquisition. Although some prominent theoretical approaches in educational contexts include Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT), Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), as well as Motivational Model (MM), research reveals the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the most influential model and leading scientific paradigm in investigating acceptance of educational technology by students, teachers, and other stakeholders. Aiming to increase their predictive validity, in numerous empirical studies, models have been extended with different predictive factors, like the most often validated self-efficacy, subjective norm, perceived enjoyment, perceived playfulness, anxiety, social influence, system quality, and facilitating conditions. Research revealed electronic learning (e-learning) as the most common validated mode of delivery, followed by mobile learning (m-learning), learning management system (LMS), personal learning environment (PLE), and massive open online course (MOOC), along with different supportive facilitating technologies used in education such as social media platforms, teaching assistant robots, simulators, as well as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies. To enhance explanatory power, new developments in educational technology acceptance and adoption have suggested the need of integration of TAM and UTAUT with other contributing adoption and post-adoption theories and models, together with several established approaches from other fields.
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Reiter, Ulrich, and Martin Jakob. "What is the Flexibility Potential in the Tertiary Sector?" In The Future European Energy System, 137–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60914-6_8.
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AbstractDemand side management (DSM) is seen as a promising, cost-effective measure to cope with high shares of intermittent renewable energy in the electricity grid system. As the regulatory framework in Europe is changing in favor of opening up new market opportunities for DSM, the question is answered, which potentials are effectively available in the tertiary sector today and in the future. Results in this study are based on empirical data gathered from services companies. The collected data is of high quality and rich in detail and is of utmost importance for relevant model-based analyses. Additionally, the discussed acceptance rates of new technology or behavioral trends have a high impact on the results of the model analyses.
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Garriga, Joan. "Certainty upon Empirical Distributions." In New Frontiers in Applied Data Mining, 279–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28320-8_24.
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Gong, Saisai, Haoxuan Li, Wei Hu, and Yuzhong Qu. "An Empirical Study on Property Clustering in Linked Data." In Semantic Technology, 67–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50112-3_6.
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Kolari, James W., Wei Liu, and Jianhua Z. Huang. "Stock Return Data and Empirical Methods." In A New Model of Capital Asset Prices, 113–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65197-8_5.
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Ochoa, Orlando A. "The Issues, the Empirical Approach and the Data." In Growth, Trade and Endogenous Technology, 19–46. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230377783_3.
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Yu, Zuoxia, Man Ho Au, Jiangshan Yu, Rupeng Yang, Qiuliang Xu, and Wang Fat Lau. "New Empirical Traceability Analysis of CryptoNote-Style Blockchains." In Financial Cryptography and Data Security, 133–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32101-7_9.
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Banathy, Bela Antal. "The Empirical Grounding of System Performance Measurements." In Comprehensive Systems Design: A New Educational Technology, 104–8. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58035-2_7.
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Arbia, Giuseppe. "Statistics and Empirical Knowledge." In Statistics, New Empiricism and Society in the Era of Big Data, 21–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73030-7_3.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "New technology and empirical data"
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Alharbi, Saad, and Dimitrios Rigas. "Graphical Browsing of Email Data: An Empirical Investigation." In 2008 Fifth International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (ITNG). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itng.2008.82.
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Ngo, Linh Bao, Amy Apon, and Doug Hoffman. "An Empirical Study on Forecasting Using Decomposed Arrival Data of an Enterprise Computing System." In 2012 Ninth International Conference on Information Technology: New Generations (ITNG). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itng.2012.36.
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"An Empirical Research on Influencing Factors of New Energy Automobile Mass Consumers Purchase: Sample Data from China." In 2018 2nd International Conference on Education Technology and Social Science. Clausius Scientific Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23977/etss.2018.12537.
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Ramaila, Sam. "TECHNOLOGY INTEGRATION IN NATURAL SCIENCES TEACHING AND LEARNING IN SOUTH AFRICAN TOWNSHIP SCHOOLS." In International Conference on Education and New Developments. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021end022.
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This study examined technology integration in Natural Sciences teaching and learning in South African township schools. A mixed method approach was adopted as part of an exploratory descriptive survey design. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews, classroom observations as well as administration of open-ended survey questionnaire. The study involved purposively selected grade 9 Natural Sciences teachers and learners as participants. The empirical investigation is underpinned by technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) as the underlying theoretical framework. The participants demonstrated a positive disposition about technology integration in Natural Sciences teaching and learning. In particular, technology integration was perceived to provide opportunities for the enhancement of meaningful Natural Sciences teaching and learning in township schools. Digital resources were largely viewed as essential educational tools that can be deployed to demystify abstract scientific concepts with a view to enhance scientific literacy. Theoretical implications for technology-enhanced teaching and learning are discussed.
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WANG, YUAN, CHU HUANG, and BING-XUE HAN. "ANCHOR OPINION LEADER TRAITS, USER ENGAGEMENT AND BUYING BEHAVIOR—AN EMPIRICAL CASE IN A NEW SCENARIO." In 2021 International Conference on Management, Economics, Business and Information Technology. Destech Publications, Inc., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtem/mebit2021/35641.
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In the emerging marketing scenario of e-commerce live broadcast, there are few studies on anchor-user interactions. By using all the data of the salesmen who introduces the merchandise to the audience through the camera on Taobao website in China in February 2021, a model with user engagement as a mediating variable was constructed to investigate the relationship between anchor opinion leader traits and user purchase behavior. The results show that anchor opinion leader traits positively influence users' purchasing behavior. User engagement plays a fully mediating role in this mechanism. The findings of this paper serve as a guide for the e-commerce industry to better cultivate and select anchors.
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Agbaji, Armstrong Lee. "An Empirical Analysis of Artificial Intelligence, Big Data and Analytics Applications in Exploration and Production Operations." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21312-ms.
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Abstract Oil and Gas operations are now being "datafied." Datafication in the oil industry refers to systematically extracting data from the various oilfield activities that are naturally occurring. Successful digital transformation hinges critically on an organization's ability to extract value from data. Extracting and analyzing data is getting harder as the volume, variety, and velocity of data continues to increase. Analytics can help us make better decisions, only if we can trust the integrity of the data going into the system. As digital technology continues to play a pivotal role in the oil industry, the role of reliable data and analytics has never been more consequential. This paper is an empirical analysis of how Artificial Intelligence (AI), big data and analytics has redefined oil and gas operations. It takes a deep dive into various AI and analytics technologies reshaping the industry, specifically as it relates to exploration and production operations, as well as other sectors of the industry. Several illustrative examples of transformative technologies reshaping the oil and gas value chain along with their innovative applications in real-time decision making are highlighted. It also describes the significant challenges that AI presents in the oil industry including algorithmic bias, cybersecurity, and trust. With digital transformation poised to re-invent the oil & gas industry, the paper also discusses energy transition, and makes some bold predictions about the oil industry of the future and the role of AI in that future. Big data lays the foundation for the broad adoption and application of artificial intelligence. Analytics and AI are going to be very powerful tools for making predictions with a precision that was previously impossible. Analysis of some of the AI and analytics tools studied shows that there is a huge gap between the people who use the data and the metadata. AI is as good as the ecosystem that supports it. Trusting AI and feeling confident with its decisions starts with trustworthy data. The data needs to be clean, accurate, devoid of bias, and protected. As the relationship between man and machine continues to evolve, and organizations continue to rely on data analytics to provide decision support services, it is imperative that we safeguard against making important technical and management decisions based on invalid or biased data and algorithm. The variegated outcomes observed from some of the AI and analytics tools studied in this research shows that, when it comes to adopting AI and analytics, the worm remains buried in the apple.
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Kalam, Shams, Sidqi A. Abu-Khamsin, Mohammad Rasheed Khan, Asiya Abbasi, Abdul Asad, and Rizwan Ahmed Khan. "Data Driven Intelligent Modeling to Estimate Adsorption of Methane Gas in Shales." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22101-ms.
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Abstract Artificial intelligence is a smart tool widely used in Petroleum engineering. Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) is an artificial intelligence technique that is a hybrid between Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) and fuzzy logic. In this paper, both ANN and ANFIS were applied to propose a new methodology based on intelligent algorithms to predict adsorption of methane gas in shale. Feed-Forward Neural Network and subtractive clustering were applied to correlate adsorption with several parameters. These include temperature, pressure, moisture content, and total organic content (TOC). A real data set collected from the literature, which includes about 350 data points, was used in the development of a new empirical correlation. The set was divided into a 70:30 ratio for training and testing, respectively. The average absolute percentage error, correlation coefficient, and mean squared error were considered in the error metrics to obtain the best possible model. The results show that methane adsorption can be efficiently correlated with the inputs using both machine learning tools. Using ANN, the correlation coefficient for both testing and training data was more than 99%. A detailed sensitivity analysis for the ANN model is also provided in this paper.
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Udofia, Emmanuel. "Empirical Design of Optimum Frequency of Well Testing for Deepwater Operation." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31180-ms.
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Abstract Well testing could be described as a process required to calculate the volumes of (oil, water and gas) production from a well in a bid to identify the current state of the well. Amongst other things, well testing aims to provide information for effective Well, Reservoir and Facility Management. Normally, as a means of well performance health-check, reconciliation factor (RF) is generated by comparing the fiscal production volume against the theoretical well test volume. Experiences from the Coronavirus pandemic has brought about the new normal into well test execution. In deepwater environment, the process of well testing is more challenging and this paper aims to address these challenges and propose optimum well test frequency for deepwater operations. It is usually required that routine well test be conducted once every month on all flowing strings, this is for statutory compliance and well health-check purposes. However, in deepwater environment, it is difficult to comply with this periodic well test requirement mainly due to production flow line slugging, plant process upset and/or tripping resulting in production deferment and operational risk exposure. Furthermore, to carry out well test in deepwater operation, production cutback is required for flow assurance purpose and this usually results in huge production deferment. In this field of interest, this challenge has been managed by deploying a data-driven application to monitor production on individual flowing strings in real-time thereby optimizing the frequency of well test on every flowing well. Varying rate well test data are captured and used to calibrate this tool or application for subsequent real-time production monitoring. This initiative ensures that all the challenges earlier mentioned are managed while actually optimizing the frequency of testing the wells using intelligent application which serves as a ‘virtual meter’ for testing all producing wells in real time. As mentioned, well testing in most deepwater assets remain a big challenge but this project based field experience has ensured effective well testing operation resulting in reduction of production deferment and safety exposure during plant tripping whilst optimizing frequency of testing the wells. Following this achievement of the optimized well test to quarterly frequency in this field in Nigerian deepwater, recommendation from this paper will assist other deepwater field operators in managing routine well testing operation optimally.
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Leal Jauregui, Jairo Alonso, Alfredo Jose Arevalo Lopez, Mohammed Atwi, and Daniel Alejandro Leal Leal. "A New Approach to Choke Flow Models Using Machine Learning Algorithms." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-22168-ms.
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Abstract Computer Science Technology has been widely used for simulation of Gas and Petroleum Networks. Wellhead chokes or Pressure Control Valves are specialized equipment used extensively in the Hydrocarbon Industry for two purposes; to maintain stable downstream pressure from the wells, and to provide necessary backpressure to balance gas well productivity while controlling downhole drawdown. Use of multiphase choke flow models and empirical choke flow equations have been developed in the past half-century to improve gas estimation at different fluid, flow regime, flow types and pressure drop scenarios. All these have carried over certain measurement errors which make it difficult to predict well performance parameters with the mentioned methods. Traditional models use sonic flow equation and Gilbert-type formulae for critical flow of multiphase choke cases as a base line. Evolution of new models capture further regression refinements, constrains values and multiple regression studies at different pressure drop, PVT properties, gas-liquid ratios, and choke sizes. The new Algorithm has been developed by using Random Forests Regression (RFR) and has applied the help and learn method to data classification by constructing a multitude of decision trees for stored measurements of multiple gas production variables. A decade ago a second generation of choke equation models was developed, consolidating multiple databases from production operations. This choke equation has been used extensively showing single digit errors in most of gas estimations when compared against conventional well testing physical equipment readings. The use of this 2010 Choke Gas Equation (Ref. 9) has been valuable on reducing use of conventional testing equipment without jeopardizing data quality. However, the prediction error of these models starts to increase in deviating conditions such as low gas rates or increased water and condensate ratios. New data collection has been taking place considering multiple different scenarios, different time laps and additional variables. These new and enhanced databases help evaluate new models and better data-driven analytics. The application of this algorithm improves the prediction accuracy compared to traditional regression methods as it captures more of the variance in the data, thus the implementation of RFR and enables more accurate prediction of the Separator rate for the overall gas wells in the field. This paper, explains and applies the machine learning algorithm known as RFR (Random Forest Regression) and compare with GPR (Gaussian Process Regression) to this particular request on Gas Production Engineering metering. The algorithm allows the computer to understand underlying patterns in the data and make better predictions based on different regression trees and their use for nonlinear multiple regressions. This paper explains the application of RFR and GPR methods to the separator gas rate estimation, and shows better prediction results. This paper also explains and application of those two-machine learning algorithm (Random Forest Regression and Gaussian Process Regression) helping us to predict gas volume, using choke size, upstream and downstream flowing pressures, condensate to gas ratio (CGR) and upstream temperatures. These approaches are benchmarked against the first (back 2005) and second models (Ref. 9) and demonstrate a drastic reduction in prediction error and a more robust ability to manage high variability in the data in comparison previous models using single variable statistics tools.
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Torbidoni, Leonardo, and Aristide F. Massardo. "Analytical Blade Row Cooling Model for Innovative Gas Turbine Cycle Evaluations Supported by Semi-Empirical Air Cooled Blade Data." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30519.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the objective of performing reliable innovative gas-turbine cycle calculations, a new procedure aimed at evaluating blade cooling performance is presented. This complete analytical (convective and film) blade cooling modelling provides the coolant mass flow and pressure loss estimation, and is a useful tool in the field of innovative gas turbine cycle analysis, mainly when alternative fluids are considered. In this case, in fact, the conventional semi-empirical data based on the use of air as traditional coolant and working media are no longer suitable. So the analytical approach represents a way of properly investigating alternative cooling methods and fluids. In the presented analysis the effects of internal blade geometry on cooling performance are summarised by the Z parameter, which also highly affects the coolant flow pressure losses. Since existing technology represents a natural starting point for the assessment of Z, the model is able to automatically estimate a proper value relying only on available semi-empirical data which were established for air-cooled gas turbine blades. When alternative fluids are considered, the same estimated value of Z is still maintained for the calculation, with the result of investigating the performance of existing blade technology for novel operational conditions. This represents an example of how the analytical approach, supported by conventional air cooled blade semi-empirical data, appears as an innovative tool in the analysis of novel gas turbine cycles. In fact, the simulation results for the cooled blade were easily employed on the whole system level (Gas Turbine).
Звіти організацій з теми "New technology and empirical data"
1
Sharp, Matthew. Revisiting digital inclusion: A survey of theory, measurement and recent research. Digital Pathways at Oxford, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2022/04.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Focusing on the internet as a foundational technology, this paper begins by summarising recent developments in digital inclusion theory, particularly as this relates to developing countries. It sets out a framework of core components of digital inclusion - including ac-cess/use, quality of access/use, affordability, and digital skills - and briefly considers policy implications. The paper then surveys the ways these components are currently measured in household and firm surveys and by international organisations, highlighting some of the often-overlooked weaknesses of current measures, and suggesting possible improvements. The paper also reflects on potential applications of (and risks associated with) new ways of measuring digital inclusion using big data. Lastly, building on the framework developed, the paper reviews the empirical literature on ‘digital divides’ in developing countries, and makes suggestions for how future research could become more rigorous and useful.
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Bartel, Ann, and Frank Lichtenberg. The Comparative Advantage of Educated Workers in Implementing New Technology: Some Empirical Evidence. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w1718.
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Branstetter, Lee, Raymond Fisman, and C. Fritz Foley. Do Stronger Intellectual Property Rights Increase International Technology Transfer? Empirical Evidence from U.S. Firm-Level Data. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11516.
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Waltz, Ed. Information Operations: Creating New Frontiers for Data Fusion and Mining Technology. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, January 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada385445.
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Klugman, Jeni, and World Bank UNHCR Joint Data Center. The Gender Dimensions of Forced Displacement: Findings from New Empirical Analysis. World Bank - UNHCR Joint Data Center on Forced Displacement, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47053/jdc.141221.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To date, research and analysis of the gendered dimensions of forced displacement have been limited. This Quarterly Digest highlights findings from a new, major World Bank Research Program which has sought to fill this important gap. The papers published from the Program include eight detailed country investigations and three multi-country studies covering 17 countries, and feature innovative methodological approaches, combining different sources of data to test hypotheses. The Digest presents the results over four main areas of research (poverty, livelihood, intimate partner violence, and gender norms), and concludes with a series of recommendations to improve the collection of data to investigate the intersectionality of gender and displacement. The Program’s findings lend support to a number of expected patterns, like the disadvantages faced by displaced women in economic opportunities, but also reveal some counter-intuitive results in particular settings, underscoring the importance of country-specific analysis.
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Backstrom, Robert, and David Dini. Firefighter Safety and Photovoltaic Systems Summary. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/kylj9621.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Under the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Assistance to Firefighter Grant Fire Prevention and Safety Research Program, Underwriters Laboratories examined fire service concerns of photovoltaic (PV) systems. These concerns include firefighter vulnerability to electrical and casualty hazards when mitigating a fire involving photovoltaic (PV) modules systems. The need for this project is significant acknowledging the increasing use of photovoltaic systems, growing at a rate of 30% annually. As a result of greater utilization, traditional firefighter tactics for suppression, ventilation and overhaul have been complicated, leaving firefighters vulnerable to potentially unrecognized exposure. Though the electrical and fire hazards associated with electrical generation and distribution systems is well known, PV systems present unique safety considerations. A very limited body of knowledge and insufficient data exists to understand the risks to the extent that the fire service has been unable to develop safety solutions and respond in a safe manner. This fire research project developed the empirical data that is needed to quantify the hazards associated with PV installations. This data provides the foundation to modify current or develop new firefighting practices to reduce firefighter death and injury. A functioning PV array was constructed at Underwriters Laboratories in Northbrook, IL to serve as a test fixture. The main test array consisted of 26 PV framed modules rated 230 W each (5980 W total rated power). Multiple experiments were conducted to investigate the efficacy of power isolation techniques and the potential hazard from contact of typical firefighter tools with live electrical PV components. Existing fire test fixtures located at the Delaware County Emergency Services Training Center were modified to construct full scale representations of roof mounted PV systems. PV arrays were mounted above Class A roofs supported by wood trusses. Two series of experiments were conducted. The first series represented a room of content fire, extending into the attic space, breaching the roof and resulting in structural collapse. Three PV technologies were subjected to this fire condition – rack mounted metal framed, glass on polymer modules, building integrated PV shingles, and a flexible laminate attached to a standing metal seam roof. A second series of experiments was conducted on the metal frame technology. These experiments represented two fire scenarios, a room of content fire venting from a window and the ignition of debris accumulation under the array. The results of these experiments provide a technical basis for the fire service to examine their equipment, tactics, standard operating procedures and training content. Several tactical considerations were developed utilizing the data from the experiments to provide specific examples of potential electrical shock hazard from PV installations during and after a fire event.
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Backstrom, Robert, and David Backstrom. Firefighter Safety and Photovoltaic Installations Research Project. UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute, November 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.54206/102376/viyv4379.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Under the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Assistance to Firefighter Grant Fire Prevention and Safety Research Program, Underwriters Laboratories examined fire service concerns of photovoltaic (PV) systems. These concerns include firefighter vulnerability to electrical and casualty hazards when mitigating a fire involving photovoltaic (PV) modules systems. The need for this project is significant acknowledging the increasing use of photovoltaic systems, growing at a rate of 30% annually. As a result of greater utilization, traditional firefighter tactics for suppression, ventilation and overhaul have been complicated, leaving firefighters vulnerable to potentially unrecognized exposure. Though the electrical and fire hazards associated with electrical generation and distribution systems is well known, PV systems present unique safety considerations. A very limited body of knowledge and insufficient data exists to understand the risks to the extent that the fire service has been unable to develop safety solutions and respond in a safe manner. This fire research project developed the empirical data that is needed to quantify the hazards associated with PV installations. This data provides the foundation to modify current or develop new firefighting practices to reduce firefighter death and injury. A functioning PV array was constructed at Underwriters Laboratories in Northbrook, IL to serve as a test fixture. The main test array consisted of 26 PV framed modules rated 230 W each (5980 W total rated power). Multiple experiments were conducted to investigate the efficacy of power isolation techniques and the potential hazard from contact of typical firefighter tools with live electrical PV components. Existing fire test fixtures located at the Delaware County Emergency Services Training Center were modified to construct full scale representations of roof mounted PV systems. PV arrays were mounted above Class A roofs supported by wood trusses. Two series of experiments were conducted. The first series represented a room of content fire, extending into the attic space, breaching the roof and resulting in structural collapse. Three PV technologies were subjected to this fire condition – rack mounted metal framed, glass on polymer modules, building integrated PV shingles, and a flexible laminate attached to a standing metal seam roof. A second series of experiments was conducted on the metal frame technology. These experiments represented two fire scenarios, a room of content fire venting from a window and the ignition of debris accumulation under the array. The results of these experiments provide a technical basis for the fire service to examine their equipment, tactics, standard operating procedures and training content. Several tactical considerations were developed utilizing the data from the experiments to provide specific examples of potential electrical shock hazard from PV installations during and after a fire event.
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Tzavidis, Nikos, Angela Luna Hernandez, Paul Jasper, and Molly Scott. How can new technology support better measurement of extreme poverty? Data and Evidence to End Extreme Poverty, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55158/deepwp2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper is one of a series produced by the Data and Evidence to End Extreme Poverty (DEEP) research programme to explore how innovation in data collection, data processing, and data analysis might, with further development, provide solutions to ‘pinch points’ in policymaking and policy management for poverty reduction.
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Jasper, Paul. How can new technology support better measurement of extreme poverty? Data and Evidence to End Extreme Poverty, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55158/deepwpr1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A research insight summarising a longer review exploring how innovation in data collection, data processing, and data analysis, might provide solutions to ‘pinch points’ in policymaking and management around poverty reduction.
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Kang, Jong Woo, Tengfei Wang, and Dorothea Ramizo. The Role of Technology in Business-to-Consumer E-Commerce:Evidence from Asia. Asian Development Bank, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps210044-2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Using proprietary panel data, this paper investigates the possible drivers of business-to-consumer (B2C) online commerce growth. It provides empirical evidence that internet access and speed, online security, and financial inclusiveness facilitate internet retail sales. Governments can consider these findings as important issues in building an enabling environment for the development of B2C online commerce.