Готові списки джерел за темами / Negative parity

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Negative parity"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022
Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Negative parity"

1

Buck, B., A. C. Merchant, and S. M. Perez. "Negative parity bands in238U." Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics 34, no. 9 (July 31, 2007): 1985–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0954-3899/34/9/010.

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2

Lee, Frank X., and Derek B. Leinweber. "Negative-parity baryon spectroscopy." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 73, no. 1-3 (March 1999): 258–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5632(99)85041-5.

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3

Cottle, P. D., S. M. Aziz, J. D. Fox, K. W. Kemper, and S. L. Tabor. "Negative-parity excitations inNd144." Physical Review C 40, no. 5 (November 1, 1989): 2028–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.40.2028.

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4

Saha, A., T. Bhattacharjee, D. Curien, I. Dedes, K. Mazurek, S. R. Banerjee, S. Rajbanshi, et al. "Excited negative parity bands in160Yb." Physica Scripta 93, no. 3 (January 29, 2018): 034001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/aaa1fa.

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Jentschel, M., L. Sengele, D. Curien, J. Dudek, and F. Haas. "The negative parity bands in156Gd." Physica Scripta 89, no. 5 (April 29, 2014): 054017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/89/5/054017.

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Fotiades, N., J. A. Cizewski, C. J. Lister, C. N. Davids, R. V. F. Janssens, D. Seweryniak, M. P. Carpenter, et al. "Deformed negative-parity excitations in71As." Physical Review C 59, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 2919–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.59.2919.

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7

Stancu, Fl, and P. Stassart. "Negative parity non-strange baryons." Physics Letters B 269, no. 3-4 (October 1991): 243–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(91)90163-k.

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Manley, D. M., B. L. Berman, W. Bertozzi, T. N. Buti, J. M. Finn, F. W. Hersman, C. E. Hyde-Wright, et al. "Electroexcitation of negative-parity states inO18." Physical Review C 43, no. 5 (May 1, 1991): 2147–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevc.43.2147.

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Ganev, H. G. "Negative parity states in the IVBM." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 533 (September 10, 2014): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/533/1/012015.

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Wiedenhöver, I., C. Kerskens, M. Eschenauer, S. Albers, and P. von Brentano. "Analogous negative parity spectra of125Xe and127Xe." Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei 350, no. 4 (December 1995): 287–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01291185.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Negative parity"

1

Arash, Reza. "Making Sense of Negative Campaigning in Canadian Federal Elections." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/39797.

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Анотація:
In recent years, negativity has become a dominant theme in the political campaign. However, there are no comprehensive studies to measure the amount of negativity and to examine how parties and candidates adopt these negative strategies, particularly in the Canadian context. Although some studies have focused on a particular aspect of negative campaigning in a Canadian election, the question remains of how and to what extent parties adopt negative strategies in an election. In this thesis, I have collected and analyzed parties’ press releases in the 2015 federal election to examine and explain negativity in parties’ political campaigns. I have tested my results according to five primary theories of negative campaigning, including competitive positioning, ideological proximity, party organization, coalition or minority effect, and negative personalization, to see if these theories apply in the Canadian context. My results indicate that the 2015 federal campaign was a highly negative one, and most of the negative attacks have been directed towards the leader of the Conservative Party, Stephen Harper, while the Conservative Party published the least amount of negative attacks during the campaign. I also found that the Liberal Party has published the most negative statements during the campaign. My results also show that one of the influential factors in shaping parties’ negative campaign strategies is the other parties’ status in public opinion polls, particularly the federal voting intention factor. Although the results show that most of the attacks in the 2015 campaign targeted leaders of parties, I did not find enough support in my models to verify the negative personalization theory. The overall findings of this thesis show that Canadian elections are moving toward a presidential-style campaign, similar to the United States, by becoming more negative and more personalized, which can have significant implications for Canadian democracy.
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2

Lemoine, Majken. "VALPROCESSEN - BARA POLITISKT KÄBBEL? -En studie av negativ valretorik i fyra partiledardebatter 2014." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-69740.

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Анотація:
This essay is studying the Parliament parties´ use of negative campaigning in party leader debates in the connected Swedish general election in 2014. The research questions in this essay are: How does the use of negative campaigning appear in the Swedish party leader debates 2014? In what way does the use of negative campaigning differ due to: - The time lasting until the election day? - Whether the party is a government party or an opposition party? - The party’s latest result (positive or negative) in the polls? - The party’s position in the ideological left-right scale? The method used to perform the study is a quantitative content analysis. The objects that are analyzed are four party leader debates connected to the general election 2014. The variables used in the research are Negative and Not negative (in the latest variable both positive and neutral messages are included). The debates analyzed are videos of the entire debates. The total speech time and the use of negative campaigning for each party is calculated in seconds and translated to percent (how many percent each party use to negative campaigning in total for each debate). The results show that negative campaigning is more used during the election process than before it has started. There is no clear pattern between the use of negative campaigning and closeness of the election day. The political parties that are in opposition tend to use more negative campaigning than the parties that are in the government. The polls and the ideological left- right scale shows no significant pattern related to the use of negative campaigning.
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Acevedo, Andres. "Transparens i svensk valkampanjfinansiering." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-29416.

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Анотація:
Despite the fact that the issue has been discussed for several decades, there are still no rules in Sweden mandating political parties and candidates to disclose received donations. Because of this lack of transparency, Sweden is not fulfilling some of its international obligations and has fallen behind in the international trend to increase the transparency of election campaign finance. The lack of disclosure rules in Sweden has led to extensive criticism, most notably from the Council of Europe´s group of states against corruption, Greco, who criticized Sweden in light of the guidelines on the subject from the Council of Europe. At this writing, a new proposal for disclosure rules is being prepared at the Department of Justice, DoJ. The proposal is to be presented in spring 2013. For the time being, the only thing that exists regarding transparency of election finance in Sweden is an agreement from 2000, struck between some of the parties in parliament, to voluntarily disclose some of their received donations. In 2004 a government report proposed implementing disclosure rules. The proposal received extensive criticism from the reviewing bodies regarding its compliance with the rights protection in the Swedish Instrument of Government, RF. RF provides absolute protection against the government forcing individuals to disclose their opinions in political matters and absolute protection against the government keeping records of individuals' political opinions. Since these rights are absolute, they can be restricted only by constitutional amendment. It is uncertain if disclosure rules can be considered infringements under these absolute provisions, but even if they are considered infringements, it is likely that the disclosure provisions can be designed so as not to violate the RF absolute protections. Furthermore, RF provides relative protection of the freedom of expression and association. Disclosure rules would probably not infringe the freedom of expression but are likely to be considered infringements of the freedom of association. Restrictions of the freedom of association can only be implemented in the order specified in RF and since the order for restricting the freedom of association is very rigid, it is unlikely that such a restriction would be allowed under the current RF. The DoJ has expressed that the pending proposal will not include a proposal for a constitutional amendment. For Sweden to fulfill its international obligations in regards of transparency in campaign finance, more extensive disclosure rules must be implemented than those included in the agreement between some parties in parliament and those included in the 2004 proposal. The DoJ has expressed, however, that the pending proposal will be modeled upon both the voluntary agreement and the 2004 proposal. It is therefore not entirely unlikely that the pending proposal will be either illegal under the constitution or not far reaching enough, or both.
I Sverige saknas regler som kräver av politiska partier och kandidater att redovisa mottagna donationer (redovisningskrav). Detta trots att frågan diskuterats under flera decennier. Frånvaron av redovisningskrav innebär att Sverige inte uppfyller vissa av sina internationella åtaganden och att Sverige halkat efter i den mycket tydliga internationella trenden att öka transparensen kring valkampanjernas finansiering. Frånvaron har även lett till omfattande kritik, framförallt från Europarådets grupp mot korruption, Greco, som kritiserat bristen utifrån Europarådets riktlinjer i ämnet. I skrivande stund bereds vid Justitiedepartementet ett förslag till redovisningskrav som kommer att presenteras under våren 2013. Tills vidare är det enda som finns avseende transparens i valkampanjfinansieringen en överenskommelse från 2000, mellan några av partierna i Riksdagen om att frivilligt redovisa vissa mottagna bidrag. År 2004 föreslog en offentlig utredning införandet av redovisningskrav. Förslaget mötte omfattande kritik från remissinstanserna gällande dess förenlighet med regeringsformens, RF:s, rättighetsskydd. RF innehåller ett absolut skydd mot att det allmänna tvingar en enskild att tillkännage sin politiska åskådning och ett absolut skydd mot att det allmänna registrerar en enskilds politiska åskådning. Eftersom dessa skydd är absoluta kan de endast inskränkas genom grundlags-ändring. Det är osäkert om redovisningskrav kan anses vara inskränkningar av dessa absoluta skydd. Om redovisningskrav är inskränkningar av dessa absoluta rättigheter torde det ändock vara möjligt att utforma kraven så att de är förenliga med skydden. RF innehåller även relativa skydd för yttrandefrihet och föreningsfrihet. Redovisningskrav skulle förmodligen inte vara en inskränkning av RF:s skydd för yttrandefriheten men troligtvis vara en inskränkning av RF:s skydd för föreningsfrihet. Detta innebär att inskränkningen endast får göras enligt i RF stadgad ordning. Eftersom möjligheterna att inskränka föreningsfriheten enligt RF är mycket små är det tveksamt om en sådan inskränkning är möjlig att införa utan grundlagsändring. Justitiedepartementet har dock uttryckt att det nya förslaget inte kommer att inkludera något förslag till grundlagsändring. För att Sverige ska uppfylla sina internationella åtaganden avseende öppenhet i valfinansieringen måste mer långtgående redovisningskrav införas än de som ingår i den frivilliga överenskommelsen och som föreslogs av utredningen 2004. Justitiedepartementet har dock uttryckt att just utredningen från 2004 och den frivilliga överenskommelsen ska ligga till grund för de nya redovisningskraven. Det är alltså inte helt osannolikt att det kommande förslaget till redovisningskrav kommer att vara antingen oförenlig med regeringsformen eller inte tillräckligt långtgående, eller både och
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4

Höglin, Forsberg Judith. "Nyckeln till frihet? : En idéanalys av socialdemokraternas frihetssyn utifrån teorierna positiv och negativ frihet." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-88922.

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Анотація:
What happens to social democracy when the working class declines? The aim of this study is to examine ideological changes in The Swedish Social Democratic Party, in particular the party’s ideological changes regarding liberty. The material consists of 300 government bills equally divided over the parliamentary sessions of 1974, 1990/91 and 2005/06, in all of which The Social Democratic Party held office. Using the theoretical framework Two Concepts of Liberty, I found that an increasingly amount of bills draws on the idea of negative freedom. However, the result also shows that bills that draws on negative freedom subsequently decreases in favour of bills that draws on positive freedom, suggesting that the ideological changes regarding liberty in The Swedish Social Democracy Party are nonlinear rather than moving straightforward.
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Sengele, Loic. "Etude des modes octupolaires dans le noyau atomique de 156Gd : recherche expérimentale de la symétrie tétraédrique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAE038/document.

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Анотація:
Les symétries géométriques jouent un rôle important dans la compréhension de la stabilité de tout système physique. En structure nucléaire, elles sont reliées à la forme du champ moyen utilisé pour décrire les propriétés des noyaux atomiques. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous avons utilisé les prédictions obtenues avec l'aide du Hamiltonien du champ moyen nucléaire avec le potentiel de Woods-Saxon Universel pour étudier les effets des symétries dites de « Haut-Rang ». Ces symétries ponctuelles mènent à des dégénérescences des états nucléaires d’ordre 4. Il est prédit que la symétrie tétraédrique influence la stabilité des noyaux proches des nombres magiques tétraédriques [Z,N]=[32,40,56,64,70,90-94,136]. Nous avons sélectionné la région des Terres-Rares proche du noyau doublement magique tétraédrique 154Gd pour notre étude. Dans cette région, il existe des structures de parité négative qui sont mal comprises. Or la symétrie tétraédrique, en tant que déformation octupolaire non-axiale, brise la symétrie par réflexion et doit produire des états de parité négative. Après une étude systématique des propriétés expérimentales des noyaux de la région, nous avons sélectionné le 156Gd comme objet de notre étude des modes d’excitation octupolaire. Nous avons utilisé les probabilités réduites de transition gamma pour discerner ces différents modes. Pour atteindre cet objectif, nous avons réalisé trois expériences de spectroscopie gamma à l’ILL de Grenoble avec les détecteurs EXILL et GAMS afin de mesurer les durées de vie et les intensités des transitions gamma des états candidats. L'analyse de nos résultats montre que notamment la forme tétraédrique aide à comprendre les probabilités des transitions dipolaires. Ce résultat ouvre de nouvelles perspectives expérimentales et théoriques
Geometrical symmetries play an important role in the understanding of all physical systems. In nuclear structure they are linked to the shape of the mean-field used to describe the atomic nuclei properties. In the framework of this thesis, we have used the predictions obtained with the help of the nuclear mean-field Hamiltonian with the Universal Woods-Saxon potential to study the effects of the so-called “High-Rank” symmetries. These point-group symmetries lead to a nuclear state degeneracy of the order of 4. It is predicted that the tetrahedral symmetry affects the stability of nuclei close to the tetrahedral magic numbers [Z,N]=[32,40,56,64,70,90-94,136]. We have selected the Rare-Earth region close to the tetrahedral doubly magic nucleus 154Gd for our study. In this region, there exists negative parity structures poorly understood. Yet the tetrahedral symmetry, as related to a non-axial octupole deformation, breaks the reflection symmetry and leads to the negative parity states. Following a systematics of experimental properties of the nuclei in this region, we have selected 156Gd as the object of our study for the octupole excitation modes. We have used the reduced transitions probabilities to discriminate between these modes. To achieve this goal, we have performed three gamma spectroscopy experiments at the ILL in Grenoble with the EXILL and GAMS detectors to measure the lifetimes and the gamma transition intensities from the candidate states. The analysis of our results shows that including the tetrahedral shape helps to understand the dipole transition probabilities. This result will open new experimental and theoretical perspectives
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6

Spitz, Lidia. "Eleição de foro estrangeiro: o princípio da autonomia da vontade e seu reconhecimento no direito convencional, regional e brasileiro." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2010. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=1672.

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Анотація:
O reconhecimento, pelos tribunais, da possibilidade de as partes escolherem livremente o foro que deverá decidir eventual litígio consiste em um tema de estudo do direito internacional privado que gera intensas discussões. Embora seja possível se argumentar que, com base no princípio da autonomia da vontade, seja plenamente aceitável a fixação da competência do tribunal a partir da vontade das partes, a jurisprudência brasileira, de maneira não uniforme, ainda reluta em aceitar esse fato. Entende-se que não seria possível às partes afastar a atuação do judiciário brasileiro em hipótese de competência concorrente. O estudo do direito convencional e regional (União Européia e Mercosul) acerca da matéria evidencia uma tendência em favor do reconhecimento da possibilidade de escolha de foro estrangeiro pelos contratantes. Neste contexto, a presente dissertação pretende demonstrar que as justificativas jurídicas que embasam a denegação à eleição de foro estrangeiro à luz do ordenamento brasileiro não se sustentam, e que se faz necessário o reconhecimento, pelo país, da possibilidade de escolha pelos contratantes do tribunal competente para decidir a causa.
The courts acceptance of the freedom of the parties in choosing the court under which they will seek to resolve any possible litigation is a controversial matter of international private law. Although it is possible to state that the choice of court based on the free will principle is entirely legitimate, the Brazilian case law, even if not unanimously, still resists accepting this fact. It is understood that the contracting parties could not fail to resort to the Brazilian courts in the event of concurring jurisdiction. The study of contractual and regional law (European Union and Mercosur) on this matter shows a tendency towards the acceptance of choice of court by the contracting parties. In this context, the aim of this dissertation is to demonstrate the lack of legal reasons for denying the choice of court in light of the Brazilian legal system, as well as that Brazil should accept the discretion of the contracting parties in choosing the court under which they want to litigate their case.
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Winkler, Anderson M. "Widening the applicability of permutation inference." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ce166876-0aa3-449e-8496-f28bf189960c.

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Анотація:
This thesis is divided into three main parts. In the first, we discuss that, although permutation tests can provide exact control of false positives under the reasonable assumption of exchangeability, there are common examples in which global exchangeability does not hold, such as in experiments with repeated measurements or tests in which subjects are related to each other. To allow permutation inference in such cases, we propose an extension of the well known concept of exchangeability blocks, allowing these to be nested in a hierarchical, multi-level definition. This definition allows permutations that retain the original joint distribution unaltered, thus preserving exchangeability. The null hypothesis is tested using only a subset of all otherwise possible permutations. We do not need to explicitly model the degree of dependence between observations; rather the use of such permutation scheme leaves any dependence intact. The strategy is compatible with heteroscedasticity and can be used with permutations, sign flippings, or both combined. In the second part, we exploit properties of test statistics to obtain accelerations irrespective of generic software or hardware improvements. We compare six different approaches using synthetic and real data, assessing the methods in terms of their error rates, power, agreement with a reference result, and the risk of taking a different decision regarding the rejection of the null hypotheses (known as the resampling risk). In the third part, we investigate and compare the different methods for assessment of cortical volume and area from magnetic resonance images using surface-based methods. Using data from young adults born with very low birth weight and coetaneous controls, we show that instead of volume, the permutation-based non-parametric combination (NPC) of thickness and area is a more sensitive option for studying joint effects on these two quantities, giving equal weight to variation in both, and allowing a better characterisation of biological processes that can affect brain morphology.
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8

Pereira, Mariana Isabel Dias. "Couple relationship during the transition to parenthood: gender and parity effects over time." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/67963.

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Анотація:
Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia Aplicada
Although a deterioration has been found on couple’s relationship quality during the transition to parenthood, data regarding gender and parity effects are limited in the literature. This study aimed to analyze (1) changes in couple’s positive and negative interactions from the first trimester of pregnancy to three months postpartum; and (2) gender and parity differences and effects on couple’s positive and negative interactions from the first trimester of pregnancy to three months postpartum. A sample of 206 mothers and 189 fathers (N = 395, primiparous or multiparous) completed a measure of couple’s positive and negative interactions at each pregnancy trimester, childbirth, and at three months postpartum. Results suggested a decrease on couple’s negative interactions from the first trimester of pregnancy to three months postpartum. This decrease on couple’s negative interactions was mainly reported by primiparous fathers from the first trimester of pregnancy to childbirth. Couple’s positive interactions remain stable from the first trimester to three months postpartum. However, mothers reported a decrease on couple’s positive interactions from the third trimester of pregnancy to three months postpartum, and multiparous mothers also reported a decrease from the first trimester of pregnancy to three months postpartum. Although no overall deterioration was found on couple’s relationship quality, a decrease on couple’s positive interactions was reported by mothers during the postpartum period and from the first trimester of pregnancy to three months postpartum reported by multiparous mothers.
Embora a literatura assinale a deterioração da qualidade da relação conjugal durante a transição para a parentalidade, dados sobre os efeitos do género e da paridade são limitados. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar (1) as alterações nas interações positivas e negativas da relação conjugal, do primeiro trimestre da gravidez até aos três meses pós-parto; e (2) as diferenças e efeitos do género e da paridade nas interações positivas e negativas da relação conjugal desde o primeiro trimestre da gravidez até aos três meses pós-parto. A amostra é constituída por 206 mães e 189 pais (N = 395, primíparos ou multíparos) que, em cada trimestre da gravidez, no parto e nos três meses pós-parto, preencheram um instrumento que avalia as interações positivas e negativas na relação conjugal. Os resultados sugerem uma diminuição das interações negativas na relação conjugal entre o primeiro trimestre de gravidez e os três meses pós-parto. Esta diminuição das interações negativas na relação conjugal foi principalmente reportada pelos pais primíparos entre o primeiro trimestre de gravidez e o parto. As interações positivas na relação conjugal mantiveram-se constantes entre o primeiro trimestre de gravidez e os três meses pós-parto. Contudo, as mães reportaram uma diminuição das interações positivas do terceiro trimestre de gravidez até aos três meses pós-parto e as mães multíparas também reportaram uma diminuição do primeiro trimestre até aos três meses pós-parto. Embora no geral não tenha sido observada deterioração na qualidade da relação conjugal, uma diminuição das interações positivas foi reportada pelas mães após o parto e desde o primeiro trimestre de gravidez até aos três meses pós-parto pelas mães multíparas.
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9

Menadue, Benjamin Jason. "A Study of the Λ(1405) in Lattice QCD". Thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/120301.

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Анотація:
The lowest-lying odd-parity state of the Λ baryon lies surprisingly low in mass. Even though it contains a heavier valence strange quark and has odd parity, with an energy of 1405 MeV it lies lower than any other excited spin-1/2 baryon. In the almost 50 years since its discovery there has been significant effort expended to describe the structure of the Λ(1405), however there has been no convincing resolution. It is very difficult to reconcile this low mass with the quark model interpretation for this state, and lattice QCD studies have consistently failed to reproduce it. In this work, we use the PACS-CS (2+1)-flavour full-QCD ensembles together with a variational analysis using source and sink smearing in an attempt to isolate this otherwiseelusive state using lattice QCD. For the first time, we report masses for the lowest-lying states consistent with those in nature – including the Λ(1405). We then build on this result by investigating their electromagnetic properties, and show that the strange quark contribution to the magnetic form factor for the Λ(1405) near-vanishes in the physical limit. Together with a Hamiltonian effective field theory model analysis of the lattice QCD energy levels, this strongly suggests that the structure of the Λ(1405) is dominated by a molecule-like, bound antikaon-nucleon component. That is, we report evidence for the existence of molecular meson-baryon bound states in QCD.
Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Physical Sciences, 2018
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10

Chuang, Shu-mei, and 莊淑媚. "A Study of Negative Identification against a Specific Party in Taiwan." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/86142765553005533009.

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Анотація:
碩士
國立臺灣大學
政治學研究所
98
According to The American Voter, party identification affects voter s '' attitudes, feelings, even the voting behavior towards political parties. In Taiwan, party identification indeed has fundamental effects on voters'' voting behavior. But there is still something that can''t be explained. This study found that negative identification against a specific party is also a crucial factor that affects voters'' voting behavior. The negative attitude towards a specific party is a long-term, consistent attitude. And it is very hard to change. The study employed methods including in depth interviews, focus groups and telephone survey to investigate the issue. First, results from qualitative research indicated that three factors, namely, national identity, ethnic identity and party image are the roots of the voters'' negative attitude toward a specific party. The study also developed a questionnaire to measure the negative attitudes toward a specific party of the voters in Taiwan, 46.3% of the survey respondents expressed that there was one or more than one parties they would have never voted for. We then combined the traditional party identification variable and the newly developed“which party that you will never vote for” variable into a new party identification indicator. Empirical studies using survey data showed that the new variable was good in both validity and reliability tests and was doing very well in explaining voters'' voting behavior in Taiwan.
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Книги з теми "Negative parity"

1

Negative change in Ghana. Accra: Selling Ghana Publications, 2002.

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2

Traveset, Anna, and David M. Richardson, eds. Plant invasions: the role of biotic interactions. Wallingford: CABI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789242171.0000.

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Abstract This book contains 23 chapters divided into seven parts. Part I reviews the key hypotheses in invasion ecology that invoke biotic interactions to explain aspects of plant invasion dynamics; and reviews models, theories and hypotheses on how invasion performance and impact of introduced species in recipient ecosystems can be conjectured according to biotic interactions between native and non-native species. Part II deals with positive and negative interactions in the soil. Part III discusses mutualistic interactions that promote plant invasions. Part IV describes antagonistic interactions that hinder plant invasions, while part V presents the consequences of plant invasions for biotic interactions among native species. In part VI, novel techniques and experimental approaches in the study of plant invasions are shown. In the last part, biotic interactions and the management of ecosystems invaded by non-native plants are discussed.
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3

Haile-Mariam, Mengistu. Eighth Party Plenum denounces negative response of terrorists to peace call: Excerpts from the central report presented by Comrade Mengistu Haile-Mariam...to the Eighth Plenum of the CC of the WPE. Addis Ababa: Ministry of Information, 1988.

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4

Constaín Aragón, Alfredo José, and Efraín Bernal Alzate. Electrónica análoga. Bogotá. Colombia: Universidad de La Salle. Ediciones Unisalle, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.19052/9789588939551.

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Este texto se orienta fundamentalmente, al diseño, pero haciendo énfasis en la presencia de la realimentación (retroalimentación) negativa como concepto básico de estabilización de la operación de los circuitos. Interesa simultáneamente: entender cómo operan los circuitos analógicos completos a partir de las características operativas de sus unidades aisladas, aprender a colocar las configuraciones óptimas con los valores correctos de los componentes, cualquiera que sea el objetivo del circuito (Diseño), aprender a establecer las relaciones mutuas entre los valores de esos componentes para que el diseño sea repetible (Diseño con retroalimentación negativa), presentar modelos físicos de los dispositivos activos mejor que modelos circuitales convencionales. Esta variante permite trabajar con facilidad ensambles multi-etapa y presentar diversos ejemplos resueltos para indicar detalladamente los procesos de diseño.
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5

Masleeva, Ol'ga, German Pachurin, Aleksandr Sevost'yanov, and Anatoliy Fitasov. Safe operation of power supply systems. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1029790.

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The main purpose of the textbook is to identify dangerous and harmful production factors during the operation of electrical equipment of the main step-down substations and transformer substations. Specific measures are proposed to reduce their negative impact on service personnel. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For bachelors and masters of full-time and part-time education in the areas of training 13.03.02 and 13.04.02 "Electric power and electrical engineering". It can be used by teachers, engineers and specialists in the operation of industrial equipment and the safe organization of work in production, as well as by a wide range of readers interested in the problems of human life safety.
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6

Carli, Massimo, ed. Materiali sulla qualità della normazione. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-578-8.

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La tematica della buona normazione sta fi nalmente uscendo, anche in Italia, dalle sedi tecniche degli addetti ai lavori. Anche una legge chiara, scritta bene, comprensibile può essere, nel merito, una pessima legge. Per questo si cominciano a introdurre nel procedimento legislativo, statale e regionale, obblighi di valutazione della fattibilità della futura legge sia preventivi sia "successivi" per verificare se gli effetti previsti si sono realizzati e, in caso negativo, predisporre gli opportuni rimedi. Il volume raccoglie sei saggi, divisi in due parti: nella prima si affrontano alcuni problemi emersi nell'esperienza applicativa italiana in materia di qualità della normazione e, nella seconda, viene fatto il punto sulle esperienze regionali italiana, olandese, del Regno Unito e della Spagna.
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7

Ahmad-Noor, Farish, and Peter-Brian Ramsay Carey, eds. Racial Difference and the Colonial Wars of 19th Century Southeast Asia. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463723725.

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The colonisation of Southeast Asia was a long and often violent process where numerous military campaigns were waged by the colonial powers across the region. The notion of racial difference was crucial in many of these wars, as native Southeast Asian societies were often framed in negative terms as 'savage' and 'backward' communities that needed to be subdued and 'civilised'. This collection of critical essays focuses on the colonial construction of race and looks at how the colonial wars in 19th-century Southeast Asia were rationalised via recourse to theories of racial difference, making race a significant factor in the wars of Empire. Looking at the colonial wars in Java, Borneo, Siam, the Philippines, the Malay Peninsula and other parts of Southeast Asia, the essays examine the manner in which the idea of racial difference was weaponised by the colonising powers and how forms of local resistance often worked through such colonial structures of identity politics.
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8

Piscopo, Jennifer M. Parity without Equality. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851224.003.0009.

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Jennifer M. Piscopo examines how the crisis of representation in Costa Rica has placed a ceiling on gender equality in representation. The restructuring of the Costa Rican party system and party fragmentation has made electing multiple candidates from any one ballot more difficult. Top spots have become even more prestigious and more likely to be allocated to men, which reduces women’s electoral chances. Corruption scandals, party breakdown, citizen frustration, and economic problems tainted the administration of the nation’s first female president, Laura Chinchilla. Female legislators have often worked to promote women’s issues and feminist policies, but Chinchilla eschewed feminism, even though several of her policies did benefit women. Overall, her failed presidency may create difficulties for other women seeking top political offices and could have negative consequences for views of women in politics. These challenges notwithstanding, Piscopo concludes that Costa Rica remains at the vanguard of women’s political representation in Latin America.
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9

Lagowski, Jolanta Barbara. Theoretical evidence for bound odd parity states in negative ions of the fourth period elements. 1988.

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10

Déprez, Viviane, and M. Teresa Espinal, eds. The Oxford Handbook of Negation. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198830528.001.0001.

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In this volume, international experts in negation provide a comprehensive overview of cross-linguistic and philosophical research in the field, as well as accounts of more recent results from experimental linguistics, psycholinguistics, and neuroscience. The volume adopts an interdisciplinary approach to fundamental questions ranging from why negation displays so many distinct linguistic forms to how prosody and gesture participate in the interpretation of negative utterances. Following an introduction from the editors, the chapters are arranged in eight parts that explore, respectively, the fundamentals of negation; issues in syntax; the syntax–semantics interface; semantics and pragmatics; negative dependencies; synchronic and diachronic variation; the emergence and acquisition of negation; and experimental investigations of negation. The volume will be an essential reference for students and researchers across a wide range of disciplines, and will facilitate further interdisciplinary work in the field.
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Частини книг з теми "Negative parity"

1

Mikhailov, I. N., and Ch Briançon. "Open Questions on the Low-Energy Negative-Parity Excitations." In Nuclear Shapes and Nuclear Structure at Low Excitation Energies, 271–77. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3342-9_23.

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2

Angluin, Dana, Dana Fisman, and Yaara Shoval. "Polynomial Identification of $$\omega $$-Automata." In Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems, 325–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45237-7_20.

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Abstract We study identification in the limit using polynomial time and data for models of $$\omega $$-automata. On the negative side we show that non-deterministic $$\omega $$-automata (of types Büchi, coBüchi, Parity or Muller) can not be polynomially learned in the limit. On the positive side we show that the $$\omega $$-language classes $$\mathbb {IB}$$, $$\mathbb {IC}$$, $$\mathbb {IP}$$, and $$\mathbb {IM}$$ that are defined by deterministic Büchi, coBüchi, parity, and Muller acceptors that are isomorphic to their right-congruence automata (that is, the right congruences of languages in these classes are fully informative) are identifiable in the limit using polynomial time and data. We further show that for these classes a characteristic sample can be constructed in polynomial time.
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3

Rosenthal, Dorothy L., Michael B. Cohen, Hui Guan, Christopher L. Owens, Yuji Tokuda, and Eva M. Wojcik. "Negative for High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma (Negative)." In The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology, 13–38. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22864-8_3.

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4

Iwama, Kazuo, Hiroki Morizumi, and Jun Tarui. "Negation-Limited Complexity of Parity and Inverters." In Algorithms and Computation, 223–32. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11940128_24.

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5

Sanchez-Sibony, Omar. "Party Non-systems, Personal Brands, and Negative Legitimacy Environments." In Democracy without Parties in Peru, 129–246. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87579-4_3.

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6

VandenBussche, Christopher J., Ashish Chandra, Jonas J. Heymann, Zulfia McCroskey, Christopher L. Owens, Pawel T. Schubert, and Yeh-Han Wang. "Negative for High-Grade Urothelial Carcinoma (NHGUC)." In The Paris System for Reporting Urinary Cytology, 21–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-88686-8_3.

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7

Ahn, Suhwoo, Daniel E. Bergan, Dustin Carnahan, Rachel Barry, and Ezgi Ulusoy. "Out-Party Cues and Factual Beliefs in an Era of Negative Partisanship." In The 2020 U.S. Presidential Election, 19–38. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003256472-3.

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8

O’Connell, R. F., and E. P. Wigner. "Some Properties of a Non-negative Quantum-Mechanical Distribution Function." In Part I: Physical Chemistry. Part II: Solid State Physics, 267–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-59033-7_27.

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9

Lee, Simon. "Gordon Brown, ‘Britishness’ and the Negation of England." In British Party Politics and Ideology after New Labour, 87–101. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230248557_13.

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10

Cosgrove, Kenneth M. "Andrew Scheer and the Post-Harper Conservative Party: Materialist, Post-Materialist and Negative Branding." In Political Marketing in the 2019 Canadian Federal Election, 27–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50281-2_3.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Negative parity"

1

Owen, Benjamin, Waseem Kamleh, Derek Leinweber, Selim Mahbub, and Benjamin Menadue. "Electromagnetic matrix elements for Negative Parity Nucleons." In The 32nd International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.214.0159.

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2

Sounas, Dimitrios L., Romain Fleury, and Andrea Alu. "Parity-time symmetry for cloaking and negative refraction." In 2016 10th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eucap.2016.7481110.

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3

Lee, Frank, and Andrei Alexandru. "Magnetic Moments of Negative-Parity Baryons from Lattice QCD." In The XXVIII International Symposium on Lattice Field Theory. Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.105.0148.

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4

Alluri, Sudhakar, K. Mounika, B. Balaji, and D. Mamatha. "A novel implementation of 4 bit parity generator in 7nm technology." In SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON NEGATIVE IONS, BEAMS AND SOURCES (NIBS 2020). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0059329.

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5

RADUTA, A. A., and C. M. RADUTA. "SIMULTANEOUS DESCRIPTION OF FOUR POSITIVE AND FOUR NEGATIVE PARITY BANDS." In Proceedings of the Predeal International Summer School in Nuclear Physics. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812770417_0002.

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6

Jayalath, Chandana P., Jose L. Goity, Norberto N. Scoccola, Volker Crede, Paul Eugenio, and A. Ostrovidov. "Negative Parity Baryon Decays in the 1∕N[sub c] Expansion." In HADRON 2009: Proceedings of the XIII International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3483391.

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7

Takeuchi, Sachiko, Makoto Takizawa, Kiyotaka Shimizu, Atsushi Hosaka, Kanchan Khemchandani, Hideko Nagahiro та Kanabu Nawa. "Negative-parity Λ[sub Q] baryons in the baryon-meson continuum". У INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON THE STRUCTURE OF BARYONS (BARYONS' 10). AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3647409.

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8

González de Urreta, E. J., N. N. Scoccola, C. P. Jayalath, and J. L. Goity. "Partial decay widths of negative parity baryons in the 1/Nc expansion." In XII HADRON PHYSICS. AIP, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4795965.

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9

Kussow, Adil-Gerai, and Alkim Akyurtlu. "Negative refractive index in doped semiconductors via electromagnetically induced mixed-parity transitions." In SPIE NanoScience + Engineering, edited by Allan D. Boardman, Nader Engheta, Mikhail A. Noginov, and Nikolay I. Zheludev. SPIE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.859137.

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10

Bouhelal, M., F. Haas, E. Caurier, F. Nowacki, Matko Milin, Tamara Niksic, Suzana Szilner, and Dario Vretenar. "Shell Model Description of Negative Parity Intruder States in [sup 36]S." In NUCLEAR STRUCTURE AND DYNAMICS ’09: Proceedings of the International Conference. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3232154.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Negative parity"

1

Carnahan, B. Bilateral agreements providing negative security assurances to states party to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty. [Negative Security Assurances]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7156719.

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2

Ayala Pérez, Julytsa Karine, Andrés Felipe Robles Bermúdez, and Julieta Carolina Leyva Duque. Influencia negativa del internet sobre la conducta suicida en adolescentes y adultos jóvenes. Ediciones Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.16925/gclc.20.

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En la actualidad, es fundamental prestar mayor atención al uso de la tecnología, ya que existe la preocupación por la influencia negativa que trae consigo el internet en relación con la conducta suicida en los adolescentes, ya que estos pasan gran parte de su tiempo en un dispositivo electrónico, algunos incluso sin ningún tipo de restricción. Para este trabajo, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática con énfasis en la revisión y el análisis de aquellos factores negativos del internet y la conducta suicida, utilizando fuentes de diferentes bases de datos que ayudaron a determinar teóricamente si el internet influye de manera negativa en la conducta suicida. De la revisión se pudo concluir que la mayoría de los jóvenes con comportamientos suicidas son vulnerables a la información que hay en internet, a tal punto que puede presentarse el riesgo de ejecución de acto suicida.
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3

Röschel, Linda, and Barbara Neumann. Summary report on Workshop 1 on governance for ocean-based negative emissions technologies. OceanNETs, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d2.3.

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Research undertaken in Task 2.2 identified a range of governance challenges to ocean-based NETs related to the global ocean governance framework, e.g., linked to the transboundary nature of the ocean, potential effects of ocean-based NETs on the ocean’s condition and marine ecosystem services, as well as the many unknowns and uncertainties linked to NET-deployment. The fragmented approaches and frameworks in place to govern the global ocean further complicate comprehensive governance of these emerging technologies. This deliverable presents results from a workshop that explored how oceanbased NETs should be governed to best confront these challenges and integrate international climate targets as well as global goals for ocean and biodiversity conservation, in addition to global ambitions towards sustainable development. The workshop is part of research undertaken by Task 2.2 to assess how ocean-based NETs are addressed by the current global ocean governance framework and develop governance scenarios and recommendations to policy makers for a “good governance” of NETs in the ocean.
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4

Bonilla-Mejía, Leonardo, and Erika Londoño-Ortega. Geographic Isolation and Learning in Rural Schools. Banco de la República, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1169.

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Rural schools are usually behind in terms of learning, and part of this could be related to geographical isolation. We explore this hypothesis, assessing the effect of distance between rural schools and local governments on learning in Colombia. We use spatial discontinuous regression models based on detailed administrative records from the education system and granular geographic information. Results indicate that distance to towns and Secretary of Education has significant negative effects on students’ standardized test scores. We evaluated alternative mechanisms, finding that the effect of distance is partly explained by differences in critical educational inputs, such as teachers’ education attainment and contract stability. Finally, we assess the mediating role of a program providing monetary incentives to teachers and principals in remote areas.
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5

Fontanari, Claudia, and Antonella Palumbo. Permanent Scars: The Effects of Wages on Productivity. Institute for New Economic Thinking Working Paper Series, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36687/inetwp187.

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This paper explores how stagnating real wages may have contributed to the slowdown of US productivity. Through shift-share analysis, we find that after a sharp change in distribution against wages, some historically high-productivity sectors (like manufacturing) switched towards slower productivity growth. This supports our hypothesis that the anemic growth of productivity may be partly due to the trend toward massive use of cheap labor. Our estimation of Sylos Labini’s productivity equation confirms the existence of two direct effects of wages, one acting through the incentive to mechanization and the other through the incentive to reorganize labor use. We also show that labor ‘weakness’ may exert a further negative effect on labor productivity. On the whole, we find that a persistent regime of low wages may determine very negative long-term consequences on the economy.
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6

Hernandez Martinez, Victor, Hans A. Holter, and Roberto B. Pinheiro. The Hedgehog’s Curse: Knowledge Specialization and Displacement Loss. Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26509/frbc-wp-202231.

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This paper studies the impact of knowledge specialization on earnings losses following displacement. We develop a novel measure of the specialization of human capital, based on how concentrated the knowledge used in an occupation is. Combining our measure with individual labor histories from the NLSY 79-97 and Norway’s LEED, we show that workers with more specialized human capital suffer larger earnings losses following exogenous displacement. A one standard deviation increase in pre-displacement knowledge specialization increases the earnings losses post-displacement by 3 to 4 pp per year in the US, and by 1.5 to 2 pp per year in Norway. In the US, the negative effect of higher pre-displacement knowledge specialization on post-displacement earnings is driven by the negative impact of knowledge specialization on well-paid outside opportunities. By contrast, this association between outside opportunities and knowledge specialization plays no role in post-displacement earnings losses in Norway, where the negative effect of specialization is in part explained by its association with the routine content and the offshoring probability of the occupation.
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Libertun de Duren, Nora Ruth, Benigno López Benítez, Juan Pablo Bonilla, Ferdinando Regalia, Usama Bilal, Ana María Ibáñez, Norbert Schady, et al. Inclusive Cities: Healthy Cities for All. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004459.

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This publication reports on some of the health challenges facing cities. It aims to serve as a guide for public managers and decision makers optimize the great potential of cities to improve the well-being of those who reside in the cities of Latin America and the Caribbean. It is organized in two parts. The first part, Health Inequalities in Latin American Cities, focuses on identifying the ways in which social inequality has led to negative health outcomes, in order to make visible the relevance of the challenge of inequality and the urgency to grapple with it. The second part, Urban Policies for Healthy Cities, focuses on how cities can contribute to improving the health standards in their population. The publication addresses critical issues for urban health, such as the interdependence between physical-social factors and health, the relationship between urban characteristics and the incidence of COVID-19, the connections between social inequality and exposure to pollution environment, the relationship between urban planning and gender violence, the power of urban interventions -such as public transport and social housing- to improve health indicators, and the relevance of having good data to improve the accessibility of health systems. All the contributions in this book are based on data and rigorous research, and present real cases of the cities of the region.
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Pavel, Fabiana, Ana Estevens, Ana Gago, and Agustín Cocola-Gant. O Alojamento Local na cidade de Lisboa. Policy Brief. Centro de Estudos Geográficos, Universidade de Lisboa, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33787/ceg20220001.

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- O fenómeno do arrendamento de curta duração tem crescido muito na última década e tem ganho um peso de grande relevo na utilização do stock habitacional de algumas áreas, especialmente dos centros históricos. Nas áreas com maior concentração deste tipo de alojamento, a oferta de habitação para arrendamento de longa duração passou a ser escassa. Consequentemente, nestas áreas a habitação perdeu a sua função residencial, tendo esta sido substituída por uma função comercial ou turística. - Perante os impactos negativos do arrendamento de curta duração, alguns governos locais (e.g. Barcelona, Paris, Berlim) têm procurado regulamentar este mercado. - Em Portugal, o arrendamento de curta duração é enquadrado, desde 2008, na figura jurídica do Alojamento Local (AL), cuja atividade é regulamentada por um regime jurídico próprio (Decreto-Lei nº 128/2014). - Em Lisboa, o número de AL tem vindo a aumentar exponencialmente, passando de 46 unidades em 2009, para 19.300 em 2021. A concentração de AL é particularmente significativa nas freguesias do centro (Arroios, Misericórdia, Santa Maria Maior, Santo António, São Vicente), onde se localiza 71% da oferta e onde em 50% dos edifícios existe uma ou mais unidade de AL. - A alta concentração de AL tem contribuído para o surgimento de externalidades negativas. Assistiu-se ao aumento dos valores da habitação, tanto para venda (+118,5% em Lisboa e +169,5% nas freguesias do centro, entre 2014 e 2020), como para arrendamento (+77,4% em Lisboa e +86,4% nas freguesias do centro, entre 2010 e 2020). - Perante o aumento das dificuldades de acesso à habitação por parte da população local, em 2019 a Câmara Municipal de Lisboa (CML) criou o Regulamento Municipal de Alojamento Local (RMAL), limitando, assim, a abertura de novas unidades de AL em algumas áreas da cidade. - Em última instância, a valorização do sector do turismo tem criado dificuldades de acesso à habitação. O aumento exponencial do número de AL tem contribuído para a criação de desigualdades sócio-espaciais e sentimentos de injustiça social, com destaque para as áreas centrais da cidade.
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Andersen, Gisle, Christine Merk, Marie L. Ljones, and Mikael P. Johannessen. Interim report on public perceptions of marine CDR. OceanNets, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d3.4.

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This deliverable synthesizes the results on public perceptions of marine CDR methods from the first two years of OceanNETs. The purpose is to inform the other work packages in OceanNETs and stakeholders about our results in a timely and brief manner about the ways members of the public view marine CDR specifically but also in the broader context of net-zero targets and climate policy. The deliverable summarises results of two studies: (1) focus groups held in Germany and Norway that covered ocean fertilization, ocean alkalinity enhancement, artificial upwelling and blue carbon management and (2) a deliberative survey in Norway that covered ocean alkalinity enhancement, macroalgae farming with BECCS or biomass sinking and land-based BECCS and enhanced weathering as terrestrial approaches for comparison. Participants in both studies emphasise the importance of reducing emissions and changing consumptions patterns. They hardly discuss the need to remove CO2 from the atmosphere to reach the Paris climate goal and the concept of negative emissions seems difficult for them to engage with. Among the methods, participants prefer ecosystem-based approaches like mangrove or seagrass restoration over other methods like alkalinity enhancement or ocean fertilization. Participants are concerned about the actual feasibility of deployment at a relevant removal scale and for a longer period. Connected to this are concerns about the controllability of the deployment and the methods’ impact, like difficulties to control negative environmental effects from biomass sinking at the seafloor. They also question the buildup of additional infrastructure or additional interventions into nature on top of already existing human interference. The opportunity to deliberate the methods increases participants’ certainty about their assessment but only slightly changes the direction of the assessment.
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Smyth, Ines. Transformative Leadership for Women's Rights (TLWR): Lessons and recommendations from Oxfam's experiences. Oxfam, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2018.2289.

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The aim of promoting gender equality and women’s rights as integral parts of development efforts is enshrined in the key strategies and plans of many organizations. This is the case for the individual affiliates that comprise Oxfam International (OI), and the Oxfam confederation as a whole. This report sets out to assist Oxfam to better understand and learn from the Confederation’s work in this area to date. The purpose of the report is to provide an initial mapping of work on transformative leadership for women's rights (TLWR) in order to offer suggestions, impetus and a programmatic framework for the development of an ambitious global program on TLWR. It is intended to complement and drive Oxfam’s efforts to bring about the transformation of the pervasive gender inequality that limits women’s wellbeing, confidence and potential, reproduces negative masculinity traits, and contributes to the inequity dominant in contemporary societies.
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