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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "NEEM (AZADIRACHTA)"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "NEEM (AZADIRACHTA)"

Khan, Mohd Asif, Shashi Bhooshan Tiwari, Himanshu Gupta, and Huma Noor. "Traditional, Pharmacological and Patenting Potential of Neem (Azadirachta indica): A Review." Research in Pharmacy and Health Sciences 3, no. 4 (November 15, 2017): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.32463/rphs.2017.v03i04.20.

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Since ancient time, herbal drugs were highly used in the prevention and cure of various human illnesses. In India, Azadirachta indica being commonly known as Neem or Margosa is one of the multi-functional trees; belonging to Meliaceae family. In 1992, the US National Academy of Sciences was published a report entitled ‘Neem- a tree for solving global problems’. It is still considered as ‘village dispensary’ throughout the India. There are two species of Azadirachta which have been investigated; Azadirachta indica that is found in the Indian subcontinent and Azadirachta excelsa Kack that is homegrown to Indonesia and Philippines. A large number of pharmacologically active substances have been identified and isolated from the different parts of neem including azadirachtin, meliacin, gedunin, salanin, nimbin, valassin and various other components which are derived from these main compounds. Many different studies have been evaluated and authenticated for its various traditional and pharmacological activities like itching, leprosy, wound healing, spermicidal, anti-inflammatory, insecticidal, antidiabetic and analgesic etc. In the beginning of 1979, patenting on neem was started by CSIR to separate the active compounds from neem oil. Its great implantation fights with soil erosion, global warming, deforestations and desertification world-wide. In 2002, World Neem Conference raised the neem tree as an industrial or commercial plant. This review is going to explore comprehensively; traditional, pharmacological potential along with patenting, environmental & industrial significant of various parts of neem tree with safety concerns.

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A.S., Mohite, and Dorlikar A.V. "Growth Regulating Effects of Natural Pesticide, Azadirachtin from Neem Tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on Insects: A Review." International Journal of Zoological Investigations 08, no. 02 (2022): 774–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33745/ijzi.2022.v08i02.093.

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Azadirachtin is a tetranortriterpenoid derived from the neem tree Azadirachta indica A. juss. Azadirachtin has attracted worldwide attention as promising feeding deterrent, insect growth disruptor and sterilent. Azadirachtin based pesticides become very much popular because of its biodegradability and least toxicity to non- target organisms. It has now been promoted as an alternative insecticide in integrated pest management programmes. Azadirachtin has an ability to modify or suppress haemolymph ecdysteroid and juvenile hormone titres through inhibition of the secretion of brain peptides prothoracicotropic hormone and allatotropic hormone, which are responsible for inducing the synthesis and release of ecdysone from the prothoracic gland and juvenile hormone from corpora allata, respectively. Blocking the synthesis and release of ecdysone and juvenile hormone leading to disruption of coordination of moulting process. Furthermore, this compound is known to cause degenerative changes in the cells of insect endocrine glands. This review focuses on growth regulating effects of natural pesticide, azadirachtin from neem tree (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on insects.

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Qodri, Udrika Lailatul. "Uji Organoleptik Serbuk Biji Azadirachta Indica Dalam Variasi Minyak." Jurnal Farmasi Tinctura 1, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/tinctura.v1i1.778.

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Neem plants (Azadirachta indica) are commonly found in Situbondo Regency, and currently underutilized nimba plants have many benefits, both in agriculture as pesticides and in pharmaceuticals as medicines. The content of the active compound is more commonly found in nimba seeds. The largest active compound that is an insecticide in neem seeds (Azadirachta indica) is azadirachtin. Azadirachtin is a group of terpenoid compounds which are generally non-polar so that the extraction process can use non-polar solvents. In this study using oil as a carrier solvent, it is known that oil is non-polar. This research was conducted with the aim to know the organoleptic test results of neem seed powder (Azadirachta indica) in oil variations. Organoleptic test results showed physical changes of the three oils, clearly visible in the color produced after treatment. The results of the three samples showed that the color was not clear (turbid). The aroma produced from each oil is not rancid and the pH measurement shows an increase from 5 to 6. Keywords: Azadirachta Indica Seed, Oil, Organoleptic Test ABSTRAK Tanaman nimba (Azadirachta indica) banyak ditemukan di Kabupaten Situbondo, dan pada saat ini kurang dimanfaatkan Tanaman nimba memiliki banyak manfaat, baik dalam bidang pertanian yaitu sebagai pestisida maupun dalam bidang farmasi yaitu sebagai obat-obatan. Kandungan senyawa aktif insektisida lebih banyak ditemukan dalam biji nimba. Senyawa aktif terbesar yang bersifat insektisida dalam biji nimba (Azadirachta indica) yaitu azadirachtin. Azadirachtin merupakan golongan senyawa terpenoid yang umumya bersifat non polar sehingga proses ekstraksinya dapat menggunkaan pelarut non polar. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan minyak sebagai pelarut pembawa, telah diketahui bahwa minyak bersifat non polar. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengatahui hasil uji organoleptik serbuk biji nimba (Azadirachta indica) dalam variasi minyak. Hasil uji organoleptik menunjukkan perubahan fisik dari ketiga minyak, terlihat jelas pada warna yang dihasilkan setelah perlakuan. Hasil dari ketiga sampel menunjukkan warna tidak jernih (keruh). Aroma yang dihasilkan dari masing-masing minyak yaitu tidak tengik serta pada pengukuran pH menunjukkan kenaikan dari 5 menjadi 6. Kata Kunci: Biji Azadirachta Indica, Minyak, Uji Organoleptik

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Loganathan, T., A. Barathinivas, C. Soorya, S. Balamurugan, T. G. Nagajothi, S. Ramya, and R. Jayakumararaj. "Physicochemical, Druggable, ADMET Pharmacoinformatics and Therapeutic Potentials of Azadirachtin - a Prenol Lipid (Triterpenoid) from Seed Oil Extracts of Azadirachta indica A. Juss." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 11, no. 5 (September 15, 2021): 33–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v11i5.4981.

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Azadirachtin (AZA) is the most abundant bioactive secondary metabolite (BASM) in neem seed oil extract (NSOE) of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. AZA is localised in different parts of the plant (seeds, fruits, flowers, leaves, stem, bark and root) however, with varying degree of concentration. It has been documented that maximum concentration of AZA is present to the tune of 48000 μg g-1 in the seeds. It has been established that the environmental conditions determines the overall content and composition of BASM in different parts of the plant. Neem plant parts are most commonly used as therapeutic agents in remote villages in India for its ethnomedicinal therapeutic potentials; however, its physicochemical, druggable and pharmacological properties inadequately described. In the present study an attempt has been made to evaluate the physicochemical, druggable and pharmacological properties of Azadirachtin in NSOE of A. indica from ADMET perspectives. Keywords: NEEM; Azadirachta indica; Azadirachtin; Pharmacoinformatics; ADMET; Drug-Likeness; Toxicology

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Devi, Jyoti, and Ram Babu Sharma. "Medicinal Importance of Azadirachta indica: An Overview." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 13, no. 6 (June 15, 2023): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v13i6.5992.

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Background: The neem tree has a long history of being referred to as a "wonder tree." Since the time of the Vedic civilization, neem has been used therapeutically in many different ways in India. The various components of the neem tree, including the stem, bark, roots, leaves, gum, seeds, fruits, and flowers, have a no. of chemical constituents and have been used as traditional medicines. The seeds, leaves, blossoms, and bark of this tree, are used for treating various diseases. Since ancient times, neem tree extracts have been widely employed in health management because they possess a number of health-promoting qualities. Some of the chemical constituents are named quercetin, azadirachtin, a number of limonoids, nimbosterol, etc. Objective: The aim of this review is to highlight the potential of Azadirachta indica in the treatment of various ailments and prospects associated with the delivery of Azadirachta indica. Methods: We reviewed the literature from journal publication websites and electronic databases, such as Bentham, Springer, Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, etc. Results: The abundant availability of sources of Azadirachta indica makes a point in favor of exhaustive exploration of this plant. This plant has been used in the treatment of a number of ailments from ancient times by human beings and these are reported to be having anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antihyperglycemic, and antioxidant potential. Conclusion: There are a number of health benefits of Azadirachta indica. The neem tree (Azadirachta indica) is found to have various medicinal/pharmacological actions. Keywords: Azadirachta indica, quercetin, carcinogenic, pharmacological effect, hepatoprotective, peroxidation.

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Sidat, Parin ., Sakshi Modh, Niyati Chavda, Vishakha Chauhan, Geera Kankura, and Aneri Dindoliwala. "Neem (Azadirachta indica): A Panacea of all Diseases." Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 23, no. 1 (May 15, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18579/jopcr/v22.1.22.31.

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Neem (Azadirachta indica) belongs to the Meliaceae family. Neem is well-known around the world for its medicinal and nutritional properties. Various parts of the plant like fruits, leaves, flowers, twigs, gum, seed, oil, bark, and root are known to have medicinal properties and are scientifically established for the various properties. Since ancient times, plant’s parts have been utilized for their medicinal value. The plant contains a high amount of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzyme, and many other phytoconstituents such as isoprenoid-containing protomeliacins, limonoids, azadirone and Csecomeliacins such as azadirachtin, nimbin, and salanin. The non-isoprenoids include sulphurous compounds, polyphenolics like flavonoids and their glycosides, dihydrochalcone, coumarin and tannins, proteins (amino acids) and carbohydrates (polysaccharides), as well as aliphatic compounds. Due to such type of versatile phytoconstituents, the plants show lots of pharmacological applications. In this review article, we summarized the information regarding the various pharmacological activities of neem plants. All information presented in this review article regarding the beneficial application of Neem (Azadirachta indica) has been acquired by imminent various electronic databases including Scopus, Google scholar, Science Direct, Web of Science, and PubMed. The Neem plant, including leaves, bark, latex, seed, and their active constituents, plays a significant part in the management of progressive illness. The neem plant contains active ingredients were accountable for the basketful therapeutic function such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, antispasmodic, antifungal, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antifertility, and also helps in proper digestion, hair growth, skin related problems and relief in menstrual pain and many more. The main findings showed that neem has strong medicinal properties and is also useful in cosmetic applications. There is no evidence of adverse effects of neem in literature. Only the people who are allergic to it can have side effects otherwise it is stomach friendly in all conditions due to which it can be applicable for treatment of various health related disorders. Keywords: Neem (Azadirachta indica), Phytochemical constituents, Therapeutic application

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Khurshid, Rukhshan, Sadia Majeed, Sumera Saghir, Maheen Saad, Huma Ashraf, and Iram Fayyaz. "Antiviral Activity of Extract of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) leaves: An in vivo study." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 4 (April 29, 2022): 10–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs2216410.

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Background: HCV in mainly replicate in liver cell and cause liver damage. The replication of HCV may be inhibited by leaves extract of neem (Azadirachta Indica). Aim: To find the antiviral activity of extract of neem (Azadirachta Indica) leaves. Methods: Thirty five hepatitis C positive and disappointment of conservative treatment were studied. Effect of neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves was seen in serum of patient. Extract of Azadirachta indica leaves was prepared and given orally to patients. The seropositivity of hepatitis C was estimated prior and after the leave extract of neem by HCV- RNA quantitative analysis by Polymerase chain reaction. Level of ALT, AST and total protein were estimated by standard kit methods. Results: A high HCV seropositivity was observed in patients before taking neem extract. We observed that after using the leave extract of Azadirachta indica or neem, the HCV seropositivity was significantly decreased. Levels of enzymes ALT and AST were also significantly decreased after taking neem extract. However, the level of serum protein was not changed. Conclusion: Extracted leaves of Azadirachta indica may serve as valuable regimen against hepatitis C virus as it has an ability to inhibit the protease responsible for replication of virus. Keywords: HCV seropositivity, Azadirachta indica leaves, transaminases

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Mordue(Luntz), A. Jennifer, and Alasdair J. Nisbet. "Azadirachtin from the neem tree Azadirachta indica: its action against insects." Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil 29, no. 4 (December 2000): 615–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0301-80592000000400001.

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The neem tree has long been recognized for its unique properties both against insects and in improving human health. It is grown in most tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world for shade, reforestation and for the production of row material for natural insecticides and medicines. Azadirachtin, a complex tetranortriterpenoid limonoid from the neem seeds, is the main component responsible for the toxic effects in insects. Six international conferences on neem and a vast scientific literature report both the antifeedant and physiological effects of neem. This article reviews the behavioral and physiological properties of azadirachtin, including effects on insect reproduction, direct and "secondary" antifeedancy, and the physiological effects measured as growth reduction, increased mortality and abnormal and delayed moults. These effects are here categorized in two ways: direct effects on cells and tissues and indirect effects exerted via the endocrine system. It also describes the work carried out to date to identify the mode of action of azadirachtin at the cellular level. The differential effects between animal phyla and over non-target organisms are discussed and point to its potential success as a safe insecticide.

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Oktadiana, Isma, and Venny Diah Ningsih. "Aktivitas Penolak Serangga (Insect Repellent) Ekstrak Klorofom Biji Mimba (Azadirachta Indica) Terhadap Kutu Beras (Calandra Oryzae)." Jurnal Farmasi Tinctura 1, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/tinctura.v1i2.989.

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Plants that are currently being developed as botanical insecticides are those that produce essential oils. The largest active compound that is insecticidal in neem (Azadirachta indica) is azadirachtin, this compound belongs to the triterpenoid group. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of insect repellent activity of neem (Azadirachta indica) seed chlorophome extract against rice lice (Calandra oryzae). This research is an experimental study using a completely randomized design (CRD). Consisting of neem seed extract treatment with a concentration of 0.1% and 0.5% and a control in the form of distilled water each 10 times. The results of this study indicated that the concentration of 0.1% and 0.5% neem seed extract test increased the mortality of rice lice. The longer the application time, the higher the mortality rate of rice lice. In the treatment of 0.5% neem seed extract, it could cause 67% mortality compared to 0.1% neem seed extract treatment and control. Keywords: Neem seeds, insect repellent, Calandra oryzae ABSTRAK Tumbuhan yang saat ini sedang dikembangkan sebagai insektisida nabati yaitu tumbuhan yang menghasilkan minyak atsiri. Senyawa aktif terbesar yang bersifat insektisida pada tanaman mimba (Azadirachta indica) adalah azadirachtin, senyawa ini termasuk dalam kelompok triterpenoid. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui tingkat aktivitas penolak serangga (insect repellent) ekstrak klorofom biji mimba (Azadirachta indica) terhadap kutu beras (Calandra oryzae). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental yang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Terdiri atas perlakuan ekstrak biji mimba konsentrasi 0.1% dan 0.5 % dan kontrol berupa akuades masing-masing 10 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Uji ekstrak biji mimba konsentrasi 0.1% dan 0.5% meningkatkan mortalitas kutu beras. Semakin lama waktu aplikasi maka semakin tinggi tingkat mortalitas kutu beras. Pada perlakuan ekstrak biji mimba 0.5% dapat menyebabkan kematian sebesar 67% dibandingkan dengan perlakuan ekstrak biji mimba 0.1% dan kontrol. Kata Kunci: Biji Nimba, penolak serangga, Calandra oryzae

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Sidhu, O. P., Vishal Kumar, and Hari M. Behl. "Variability in Neem (Azadirachta indica)with Respect to Azadirachtin Content." Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 51, no. 4 (February 2003): 910–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf025994m.

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Дисертації з теми "NEEM (AZADIRACHTA)"

Coventry, Emma. "Antibacterial and antifungal properties of neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1997. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU100079.

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A number of commercial neem pest control products and a laboratory prepared seed water extract were screened for antibacterial activity against bacteria with different Gram staining reactions, morphologies and pathogenicity using the agar diffusion technique. The neem component of the Trifolio-M GmbH commercial products, termed "active ingredient", and the unformulated product, MIDECOL-CF, exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria including phytopathogens. The formulations of the Trifolio-M GmbH products were themselves shown to possess considerable antimicrobial activity. A Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC0 bioassay was developed using Bacillus mycoides to detect antibacterial metabolites in separated neem extracts. Three discrete zones of growth inhibition were obtained with the active ingredient indicating the presence of at least three antibacterial metabolites. TLC bioassay of laboratory prepared seed and leaf extracts resulted in considerable inhibition of B. mycoides which could not be attributed to one metabolite. No antibacterial activity was detected in pure samples of azadirachtin, nimbin or salannin. Neem callus of Ghanaian and Nigerian origin was fractionated using solid phase extraction and analysed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and TLC. Both calli exhibited antibacterial activity against B. mycoides in more than one fraction although activity differed between fractions and the calli of different origins. The effect of the active ingredient on the growth of four fungal phytopathogens was investigated. Mycelial growth of Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritic was completely inhibited in vitro although control could not be achieved in planta. Mycelial growth of Microdochium nivale was significantly reduced in vitro in the presence of the active ingredient. This extract had little effect on mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea although MIDECOL-CF was shown to inhibit conidial germination. Activity was however lost when MIDECOL-CF was separated using TLC suggesting the presence of metabolites which act synergistically. The active ingredient inhibited conidial germination of Sphaerotheca fuliginea in vitro although no control was achieved in planta.

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Robertson, Susan Laura. "Studies on the mode of action of azadirachtin from the neem tree, Azadirachta indica using insect cell lines." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.415679.

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This project focuses on the cellular response in insects to the presence of azadirachtin. Using the two insect cell lines Sf9, Spodoptera frugiperda and a Drosophila cell line Kc167 it was shown that azadirachtin inhibits cell proliferation at EC₅₀’s of 1.38 x 10^-9 M and 1.72 x 10^-7 M respectively. In contrast azadirachtin had no effect on the Chinese hamster ovarian cell line RR-CHOKI and in the Chinese hamster lung cell line V79-4 where effects were seen only at 10^-3M and above. Cytotoxicity was observed by visual analysis of single strand DNA in the two insect cell lines with 50% damage being observed after 12 h at 2.2 x 10^-9 M and 3.09 x 10^-8 M for Sf9 and Kc167 cells respectively. The effects of azadirachtin on protein expression resulted in 52% of Sf9 proteins being down regulated, 29% showing increased expression and 19% showing no response to azadirachtin treatment. In addition using phage display techniques a monoclonal antibody to azadirachtin was raised. In terms of functionality the clone selected bound to the conjugated and free forms of azadirachtin but was relatively insensitive with an IC₅₀ of 116 mM. The protein expression yield was also low at 1.43mg/ml. However, in a bid to produce a monoclonal antibody the azadirachtin compound was modified to include a linker arm to which a carrier protein (BSA) was conjugated. The modified azadirachtin compound 22’23 dihydro 3-hemiglutarate 1 hydroxy azadirachtin proved an invaluable tool in the final chapter of this work. Using nuclear extracts from the Kc167 cell line and separating these by size exclusion chromatography and Native electrophoresis the 22’23 dihydro 3-hemiglutarate 1 hydroxy azadirachtin - BSA conjugate was used in alliance with a BSA antibody to detect possible azadirachtin binding proteins when present on nitrocellulose membrane. The characterisation of a protein was established as the Drosophila melanogaster heat shock protein 60 (CG12101-PA).

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Bittencourt, Alexandre Muzy. "O cultivo do nim indiano (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/10304.

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O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a rentabilidade econômica do cultivo de nim indiano e caracterizar sua cadeia produtiva em duas importantes regiões produtoras, oeste do estado da Bahia (Região de Barreiras) e noroeste do estado de São Paulo (Região de Catanduva). Os índices técnicos e os custos inerentes ao cultivo referem-se a plantios explorados em solos de boa produtividade e bem manejados, bem como informações referentes ao mercado (comercialização) foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de questionários junto a produtores locais e empresas que fabricam e comercializam produtos a base de nim. O período de coleta de dados compreendeu os meses de setembro de 2005 e abril de 2006. O sistema de manejo adota um ciclo de 15 anos e representa a intenção dos produtores locais como período para exploração da espécie. Foram analisados três cenários: Cenário 1: Análise considerando o investimento no fator terra no inicio do cultivo; Cenário 2: considerando o arrendamento da terra e o Cenário 3: em que não se considera o fator terra na análise econômica. Utilizaram-se planilhas eletrônicas para analisar os custos, determinar a Taxa Interna de Retorno (TIR) do investimento e bem como para a análise de sensibilidade. A Taxa Mínima de Atratividade (TMA) utilizada foi de 12% ao ano. A análise de sensibilidade considerou a variação real dos preços do fruto de nim nos últimos quatro anos e o aumento nos custos totais de produção de 10%, 20%, 30% e 40% e 50%. A produtividade média aos 8 anos considerada para a região noroeste do estado de São Paulo foi de 6.426 kg de frutos/hectare.ano e de 7.140 kg/hectare.ano para a região oeste do estado da Bahia. Em relação à cadeia produtiva do nim, esta se apresenta de maneira bastante simplificada com poucos atores atuando no mercado. A Margem e o "Markup” de comercialização mostraram que a indústria do processamento primário do óleo é a que agrega maior valor ao preço do óleo de nim antes de chegar ao consumidor final. Conclui-se que os plantios analisados nas regiões oeste do estado da Bahia e noroeste do estado de São Paulo, de acordo com o critério de avaliação econômica adotado, foram considerados viáveis do ponto de vista econômico, com TIR variando entre os cenários propostos, de 15,18% a 28,32%. Entretanto, observou-se que os preços reais pagos ao produtor estão em declínio e a margem e markup apresenta-se mal distribuída ao longo da cadeira produtiva, o que pode, a continuar este comportamento, inviabilizar novos investimentos na cultura nos próximos anos

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Haldar, S. "Chemical finger-printing, metabolic profiling, and biotransformation of neem (Azadirachta Indica) limonoids." Thesis(Ph.D.), CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory, Pune, 2014. http://dspace.ncl.res.in:8080/xmlui/handle/20.500.12252/1971.

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Keeler, Cory M. "Control of Dermestes maculatus (Coleoptera:Dermestidae) in an interior storage situation with neem, Azadirachta indica." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21579.

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Neem, Azadirachta indica, products were tested for toxic, growth regulating, primary antifeedant, and secondary antifeedant effects on Dermestes maculatus, under conditions approximating those found in storage facilities. Toxic and growth regulating effects were investigated using topical application of mineral oil, neem oil, purified azadirachtin/methanol solution, and 10% neem seed kernel extract/methanol solution. All neem treatments exhibited higher mortality than the mineral oil treatment 5, 10, and 14 days after the application of the treatments; larvae treated with neem products often failed to pupate and never emerged as adults. Primary antifeedant effects of azadirachtin (1.5 g/L and 5 g/L) were investigated with an original no-choice feeding bioassay. Significant primary antifeedant effects were observed which were persistent for up to 13 weeks for adults and 17 weeks for larvae. Significant secondary antifeedant effects were also demonstrated after topical application of azadirachtin (.125 g/L, .25 g/L and .5 g/L) to the larvae.

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Eeswara, Janakie Prasanthika. "The production of the insect antifeedant azadirachtin and related metabolites by plant cell and tissue culture of neem (Azadirachta indica)." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1996. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU482655.

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The production of azadirachtin and other related limonoids were investigated using plant cell culture systems of Neem (Azadirachta indica). The production of antifeedant compounds in callus lines was monitored by no-choice bioassays with Schistocerca gregaria with instar nymphs. Growth of two callus lines produced from leaves of a Ghanaian neem tree were monitored and the growth patterns displayed the typical lag, stationary and exponential phases. Growth and product formation, as measured by antifeedant bioassays with S.gregaria, showed non-growth associated product formation. Azadirachtin was isolated from callus derived from a Ghanaian neem tree by Prof. E.D. Morgan, University Keele using the standard procedure of solvent partitioning and column chromatography. Biological activity of the partitioning fractions was measured with antifeedant tests. Azadirachtin was identified by chromatography on three independent systems (Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC), High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and Thin Layer Chromatography). The yield of azadirachtin was 0.0007% based on dry weight of callus. Neem leaf explants collected from wild neem trees could be successfully surface sterilised by treating with 0.1% HgCl2 for 5 min followed by 10% Bleech (Care Products, Sri Lanka) or NaOCl (Sigma, UK) for 10 min. New callus lines were initiated from leaves collected from wild neem trees by incubating on Maintenance Medium (Kearney et al., 1994) at 25°C in the dark. Fifteen callus lines thus initiated were extracted with ethanol under reflux, quantified and screened for the production of azadirachtin, nimbin and salannin by reversed phase HPLC. There was no correlation between azadirachtin, nimbin and salannin yields of callus lines and those of seeds collected from same neem trees. The genetic variation of callus lines was examined by iso-enzyme electrophoresis using three enzymes, malate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase and diaphorase and no variation was observed among the callus lines examined.

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Dallaqua, Bruna [UNESP]. "Intervenção com Azadirachta indica (Neem) na prenhez de ratas diabéticas: repercussões materno-fetais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99186.

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Diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma síndrome de etiologia múltipla caracterizada por hiperglicemia crônica. Esta hiperglicemia induz o aumento na produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) e diminuição das defesas antioxidantes. Devido às complicações causadas pelo diabete, muitos indivíduos optam por terapias alternativas à base de plantas medicinais para amenizar seus efeitos. Sendo assim, nesta revisão de literatura, foram analisados e descritos diversos trabalhos experimentais com a utilização de animais diabéticos para comprovar os efeitos antioxidantes de algumas dessas plantas e verificar se os títulos e resumos disponibilizados nos artigos são compatíveis aos objetivos de nossa busca
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. This hyperglycemia induces increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased antioxidant defenses. Due to complications caused by diabetes, many people choose for alternative therapies and herbal medicine to alleviate its effects. Thus, in this literature review, several experimental studies with the use of diabetic animals were analyzed to demonstrate the antioxidant effects of some plants and to verify if the titles and abstracts provided in the articles are compatible to the aims of our search

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Dallaqua, Bruna. "Intervenção com Azadirachta indica (Neem) na prenhez de ratas diabéticas : repercussões materno-fetais /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99186.

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Orientador: Débora Cristina Damasceno
Coorientador: Tiago Rodrigues
Banca: Kleber Eduardo de Campos
Banca: Emilio Herrera
Resumo: Diabetes mellitus (DM) é uma síndrome de etiologia múltipla caracterizada por hiperglicemia crônica. Esta hiperglicemia induz o aumento na produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ERO) e diminuição das defesas antioxidantes. Devido às complicações causadas pelo diabete, muitos indivíduos optam por terapias alternativas à base de plantas medicinais para amenizar seus efeitos. Sendo assim, nesta revisão de literatura, foram analisados e descritos diversos trabalhos experimentais com a utilização de animais diabéticos para comprovar os efeitos antioxidantes de algumas dessas plantas e verificar se os títulos e resumos disponibilizados nos artigos são compatíveis aos objetivos de nossa busca
Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia. This hyperglycemia induces increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased antioxidant defenses. Due to complications caused by diabetes, many people choose for alternative therapies and herbal medicine to alleviate its effects. Thus, in this literature review, several experimental studies with the use of diabetic animals were analyzed to demonstrate the antioxidant effects of some plants and to verify if the titles and abstracts provided in the articles are compatible to the aims of our search
Mestre

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Coelho, Mirelly Medeiros. "Avaliação hematológica e hepática de ovinos sob tratamento com torta de Neem (Azadirachta indica)." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2014. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/903.

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Due to high levels of parasite resistance to different commercial active ingredients, new control alternatives are being studied, including the phytotherapy. These measures aim to search for helper methods in the control of parasitic diseases. However, there are many products available in the market and they have no scientific proof of its efficacy or possible side effects. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hematological and hepatic effects following administration of Neem pie (Azadirachta indica) in sheep. Three strengths of Neem cake was added to the mineral salt (1, 2 and 4 %) and administered during 126 days to 32 Lacaune sheep breed, divided into four groups: three groups for different treatments and a control were tested, which received mineral salt. Blood samples were taken every 21 days to perform the complete blood count, serum total plasma protein and fibrinogen and liver biochemical evaluation. In those same times, fecal samples were collected for quantification of eggs per gram of feces (EPG). Statistical differences between times and groups for several variables were observed, but without being related to the administration of Neem pie. The results of complete blood count, measurement of total plasma protein, fibrinogen and hepatic clinical biochemistry indicated that administration of Neem pie at concentrations of 1, 2 and 4%, does not interfere in hematological values , or on the integrity and liver function Lacaune sheep breed
Devido aos altos índices de resistência dos parasitas aos diferentes princípios ativos comerciais, novas alternativas de controle vêm sendo estudadas, entre elas a fitoterapia. Essas medidas visam a busca de métodos auxiliares no controle das parasitoses, entretanto, muitos produtos estão disponíveis no mercado e não têm comprovação científica de sua eficácia ou de possíveis efeitos colaterais. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos hematológicos e hepáticos após a administração de torta de Neem (Azadirachta indica) em ovinos. Foram testadas três dosagens da torta de Neem adicionada ao sal mineral (1, 2 e 4%), administradas por 126 dias para 32 ovinos da raça Lacaune, divididos em quatro grupos sendo três grupos para os diferentes tratamentos e um controle, o qual recebeu somente sal mineral. Amostras de sangue foram colhidas a cada 21 dias para realização do hemograma completo, dosagem de proteína plasmática total e fibrinogênio e avaliação da bioquímica clínica hepática. Nestas mesmas ocasiões, amostras de fezes foram coletadas para a quantificação de ovos por grama de fezes (OPG). Foram observadas diferenças estatísticas entre momentos e grupos para diversas variáveis, porém sem estarem relacionadas à administração de torta de Neem. Os resultados obtidos de hemograma completo, dosagem de proteína plasmática total, fibrinogênio e de bioquímica clínica hepática indicaram que a administração de torta de Neem nas concentrações de 1, 2 e 4%, não interfere nos valores hematológicos, nem sobre a integridade e função hepática de ovinos da raça Lacaune

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Jarvis, Andrew Paul. "Isolation and degradation of triterpenoids from tissue cultures and seeds of Neem (Azadirachta indica)." Thesis, Keele University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.263202.

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A new method has been developed for the rapid separation, purification and identification of triterpenoids from the seeds of the Neem tree (Azadirachta indica) and cell tissue cultures from it. The formation of triterpenoids in tissue culture was studied in collaboration with researchers at ENEA, Rome. Tissue culture samples prepared by them have been analysed for triterpenoids, in particular the natural insecticidal compound azadirachtin. A solid phase extraction method was developed for the partial purification of compounds from small quantities of tissue culture cells. Compounds were quantified using supercritical fluid chromatography. Azadirachtin was isolated from the tissue cultures of the plant for the first time, along with the related triterpenoids 3-acetyl-l-tigloylmeliacarpin, 3-tigloylazadirachtol and 3-acetyl-l-tigloylazadirachtinin. The decomposition of azadirachtin in solution at different conditions of pH and temperature was studied. The compound was most stable in mildly acidic aqueous conditions but readily decomposed in basic solutions. Azadirachtin decomposed more rapidly when heated in aqueous rather than in organic solutions. At room temperature, it was stable in organic solvents over a9 month period. At 90 °C in methanol, azadirachtin was quantitatively converted to 3-acetyl-l-tigloyl-azadirachtinin and 3-tigloylazadirachtol was converted to 11-dehydroxy-3-tigloylazadirachtinin. Methods were found to reduce the reaction time and increase the yield of salanninolide, isosalanninolide, nimbinolide and isonimbinolide, photo-oxidation products from salannin and nimbin. Isosalanninolide, a photo-oxidised product of salannin, was isolated from the seeds for the first time. This and other products were submitted for insecticidal tests. Studies with synthetic model compounds were made, in an attempt to understand the nature of the photo-oxidation reactions.

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Книги з теми "NEEM (AZADIRACHTA)"

Sabherwal, Suhani. Neem (Azadirachta Indica). Dehradun: Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, 2010.

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Monograph on neem (Azadirachta indica A. juss.). Dehra Dun, India: International Book Distributors, 1992.

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International Neem Conferenced (1996 University of Queensland). Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Edited by Singh R. P, Saxena R. C, Hassan E, and University of Queensland. Enfield, N.H: Science Publishers, 1999.

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Neem: The divine tree : Azadirachta indica. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1999.

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Gilbert, Henry. The neem tree, azadirachta indica, an inhibitor of insect feeding & growth, 1970-85: 297 citations. Beltsville, Md: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library, 1986.

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Rakpathum, Suraphon. Sadao Thai: Thai neem (sadao) (azadirachta indica var.siamensis valeton). Bangkok]: Rō̜. Phō̜. Thonburī Suksawat, 2002.

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Heinrich, Schmutterer, ed. The neem tree: Azadirachta indica A. Juss. and other meliaceous plants : sources of unique natural products for integrated pest management, medicine, industry and other purposes. Weinheim: VCH, 1995.

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National Research Council (U.S.). Board on Science and Technology for International Development., ed. Neem: A tree for solving global problems : report of an ad hoc panel of the Board on Science and Technology for International Development, National Research Council. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1992.

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Maua, James Odhiambo. Establishment and early growth of Prosopis juliflora and Azadirachta indica interplanted with greengrams, cowpeas, and lab-lab beans under irrigated conditions at Bura. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Forestry Research Institute, 1992.

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Частини книг з теми "NEEM (AZADIRACHTA)"

Hiwale, Shrikant. "Neem (Azadirachta indica)." In Sustainable Horticulture in Semiarid Dry Lands, 281–89. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2244-6_21.

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Facknath, Sunita. "Neem, Azadirachta indica." In African Indigenous Medical Knowledge and Human Health, 131–42. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, 2018. | “A CRC title, part of the Taylor & Francis imprint, a member of the Taylor & Francis Group, the academic division of T&F Informa plc.”: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22167-6.

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Thengane, Shubhada, Medha Joshi, and A. F. Mascarenhas. "Somatic embryogenesis in neem (Azadirachta indica)." In Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants, 357–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0491-3_20.

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Pimple, Bhushan P., Sachin L. Badole, and Farid Menaa. "Exploring Neem (Azadirachta indica) for Antidermatophytic Activity." In Bioactive Dietary Factors and Plant Extracts in Dermatology, 459–69. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-167-7_43.

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Dumet, Dominique, and Patricia Berjak. "Cryopreservation of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.) Seeds." In Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, 213–19. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04674-6_15.

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Juma, Patrick, Njeri Njau, Fiona Wacera W., Cyrus M. Micheni, Haris Ahmed Khan, Oscar W. Mitalo, and David Odongo. "Trends in Neem (Azadirachta indica)-Based Botanical Pesticides." In New and Future Development in Biopesticide Research: Biotechnological Exploration, 137–56. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3989-0_5.

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Gurme, Swati T., Devashree N. Patil, Suchita V. Jadhav, Mahendra L. Ahire, and Pankaj S. Mundada. "Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Berberis aristata (Indian Barberry)." In Herbs, Shrubs, and Trees of Potential Medicinal Benefits, 365–76. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003205067-18.

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Shishupala, S. "Ethnomedicinal and Current Applications of Neem (Azadirachta indica)." In Ethnic Knowledge and Perspectives of Medicinal Plants, 287–309. New York: Apple Academic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003352983-12.

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Nagini, Siddavaram, and Ramamurthi Vidya Priyadarsini. "Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Neem Limonoids as Anticancer Agents: Molecular Mechanisms and Targets." In Perspectives in Cancer Prevention-Translational Cancer Research, 45–60. New Delhi: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1533-2_4.

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Biswas, B. K., and S. C. Gupta. "Micropropagation of Elite Neem Tree (Azadirachta Indica A. Juss.)." In Protocols for Micropropagation of Woody Trees and Fruits, 345–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6352-7_32.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "NEEM (AZADIRACHTA)"

Shukla, Vineet Kumar, Shipra Pandey, Avinash C. Pandey, P. K. Giri, D. K. Goswami, A. Perumal, and A. Chattopadhyay. "Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Neem Leaf (Azadirachta indica) Extract." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED NANOMATERIALS AND NANOTECHNOLOGY (ICANN-2009). AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3504340.

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Mahalakshmi, V., M. Nandhini, S. Nandhini, and G. Muralidharan. "Azadirachta indica (Neem) tree bark based activated carbon for electrochemical supercapacitor." In DAE SOLID STATE PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM 2019. AIP Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0016858.

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Devi, R. Sukanya, Bhaarathi Dhurai, and P. Sivakumar. "Adsorption of acid dyes from wastewater using Azadirachta Indica neem (leaf) biochar." In THE 8TH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON TRENDS IN SCIENCE AND SCIENCE EDUCATION (AISTSSE) 2021. AIP Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0108146.

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Varshney, Bhaskar, Mohd Shoeb, M. J. Siddiqui, Ameer Azam, and Mohammad Mobin. "Azadirachta indica (neem) leaves mediated synthesis of SnO2/NiO nanocomposite and assessment of its photocatalytic activity." In 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON CONDENSED MATTER AND APPLIED PHYSICS (ICC 2017). Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5032475.

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Mohamad, Che Wan Sharifah Robiah, Siti Zulaika Zaini, Nurul Jannah Jamaluddin, Khairul Farihan Kasim, and Shaida Fariza Sulaiman. "Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical analysis of Azadirachta Indica (neem) and Clinacanthus Nutans (snake grass) leaves extract." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING (ICoBE 2021). AIP Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0115900.

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Sitasiwi, Agung Janika, Sri Isdadiyanto та Siti Muflichatun Mardiati. "The estradiol 17-β concentration in mice after treated with ethanolic leaf extract of Azadirachta indica (neem)". У 2ND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPOSITE MATERIALS AND MATERIAL ENGINEERING (ICCMME 2017). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4983425.

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Thasmi, Cut Nila, Dian Masyitha, Hafizh Arief, Husnurrizal, and Dewi Ardiyanti Dalimunthe. "The Effect of Neem Leaf (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) Extract on Tubules Seminiferous of Rat (Rattus norvegicus)." In 2nd International Conference on Veterinary, Animal, and Environmental Sciences (ICVAES 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.210420.025.

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Fahrimal, Yudha, Dwina Aliza, Ayu Dwi Fitriani, Erina, and Al Azhar. "Protective Effect of Neem (Azadirachta Indica) Leaf Extract on Liver of Trypanosoma evansi Infected Rats (Rattus norvegicus)." In The 2nd Syiah Kuala International Conference on Medicine and Health Sciences. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0008788401720177.

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Ivo de Oliveira Souza, André, Kelly Santos Silva, and Rafael Guimarães Farias. "UTILIZAÇÃO DA TORTA DE NEEM (Azadirachta indica) NO CONTROLE DE ENDOPARASITAS EM PEQUENOS RUMINANTES EM SÃO DESIDÉRIO-BAHIA." In 61º Congresso da SOBER. Piracicaba, São Paulo: Even3, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.29327/sober2023.627288.

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Agarwal, Avinash Kumar, and Deepak Agarwal. "Novel Methodology to Utilise Neem (Azadirachta Indica) Oil in a Direct Injection Compression Ignition Engine: Performance and Emissions Characterization." In International Mobility Engineering Congress and Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2009-28-0039.

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