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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Necrotizing enterocolitis, infants, treatment"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Necrotizing enterocolitis, infants, treatment"

Black, Virginia D., Carol M. Rumack, Lula O. Lubchenco, and Beverly L. Koops. "Gastrointestinal Injury in Polycythemic Term Infants." Pediatrics 76, no. 2 (August 1, 1985): 225–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.76.2.225.

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Necrotizing enterocolitis is uncommon among term infants. In this group, necrotizing enterocolitis has been associated with two risk factors: polycythemia and umbilical catheterization. During a randomized trial of partial plasma exchange transfusion for treatment of polycythemia, an increased risk of gastrointestinal problems was noted. Eight hyperviscous patients treated with partial plasma exchange transfusion, no symptomatically treated patients, and no control infants developed typical necrotizing enterocolitis (blood in the stools, pneumatosis, and systemic signs). The incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis was significantly greater among patients treated with exchange transfusion compared with patients treated symptomatically or control subjects (P < .001).

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Büyüktiryaki, Mehmet, Mehmet Yekta Oncel, Nilufer Okur, Turan Derme, and Serife Suna Oguz. "Necrotizing Enterocolitis after Octreotide Treatment in a Preterm Newborn with Idiopathic Congenital Chylothorax." APSP Journal of Case Reports 8, no. 5 (November 28, 2017): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21699/ajcr.v8i5.628.

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Octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, has been used for the management of patients with refractory chylothorax. Side effects related to the gastrointestinal system associated with octreotide are necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and focal intestinal perforation. NEC is the most common and dangerous gastrointestinal emergency in premature infants. We present the development of necrotizing enterocolitis after octreotide treatment in a preterm infant with idiopathic congenital chylothorax which settled after discontinuation of octreotide.

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De Bernardo, Giuseppe, Desiree Sordino, Carolina De Chiara, Marina Riccitelli, Francesco Esposito, Maurizio Giordano, and Antonino Tramontano. "Management of NEC: Surgical Treatment and Role of Traditional X-ray Versus Ultrasound Imaging, Experience of a Single Centre." Current Pediatric Reviews 15, no. 2 (July 22, 2019): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573396314666181102122626.

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Introduction: Necrotizing enterocolitis is the most common cause of the postnatal critical conditions and remains one of the dominant causes of newborns’ death in Neonatal Intensive Care. The morbidity and mortality associated with necrotizing enterocolitis remains largely unchanged and the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis continues to increase. There is no general agreement regarding the surgical treatment of the necrotizing enterocolitis. Methods: In this paper, we want to evaluate the results obtained in our centre from different types of necrotizing enterocolitis’s surgical treatment and to analyse the role of traditional X-ray versus ultrasound doppler imaging in the evolutionary phases of necrotizing enterocolitis. The study was conducted in the Department of Emergency-Urgency NICU, A.O.R.N. Santobono-Pausilipon in Naples from January 2010 to December 2016. Patients were monitored by hematochemical examinations and radiological orthostatic exams every 12 hours, so that they had a surgical opportunity before intestinal perforation occurred. Ultrasonography was performed to monitor preterm infants who were hospitalized in NICU and that showed NEC symptomatology in phase I Bell staging. Results: They were recruited 75 premature infants with NEC symptomatology in phase I-III of Bell staging, who underwent surgical or medical treatment. In infants with a birth weight >1500 g (N=30), laparotomy and necrotic bowel resection has generally been our preferred approach. In 46 patients we practiced a primary anastomosis after resection of an isolated necrotic intestinal segment. In patients with multiple areas of necrosis and dubious intestinal vitality, were performed a 'second-look' scheduled after 24 to 48 hours to re-evaluate the intestine. In the initial phase of necrotizing enterocolitis, when the radiographic examination shows only a specific dilation of the loops, ultrasonography shows more and more specific signs, as wall thickening, alteration of parietal echogenicity, increase in wall perfusion, single or sporadic airborne microbubbles in the thickness of wall sections. Conclusion: Optimal surgical therapy for NEC begins with adequate antibiotic therapy, reintegration of liquids but above all with timely diagnosis, aimed to discover early prodromic phases of wall damage by US, a fundamental tool. Abdomen radiography shows specificity frameworks only when barrier damage is detected while US provides real-time imaging of abdominal structures, highlighting some elements that are completely excluded by radiograph.

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Bhatti, Karandeep S., and Arvinder Singh. "Necrotizing enterocolitis: a case report." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 7, no. 5 (April 24, 2020): 1150. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20201654.

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Nectrotizing enterocilitis(NEC), a disease predominant in the premature formula fed infants, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in NICU survivors. The symptoms may vary from apnea, fever, lethargy to abdominal distension, bloody stools, poor feeding and vomiting. The mainstay of treatment is the IV feeds, discontinuation of oral feeds, nasogastric (NG) decompression, possible breathing support and surgery. The objective of this case report is to discuss the presentation, treatment, prognosis and proposed preventative measures of NEC, which can help raise awareness and henceforth improve the management and subsequent prognosis of this disease. Authors present to you the case report of a VLBW (Very Low Birth Weight) premature infant with NEC.

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Pierro, Agostino, and Nigel Hall. "Surgical treatment of infants with necrotizing enterocolitis." Seminars in Neonatology 8, no. 3 (June 2003): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1084-2756(03)00025-3.

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Carter, Brigit M. "Treatment Outcomes of Necrotizing Enterocolitis for Preterm Infants." Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing 36, no. 4 (July 2007): 377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1552-6909.2007.00157.x.

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Kim, L. V., V. A. Zhelev, G. V. Slizovsky, and T. S. Liulka. "Early diagnosis of necrotizing enterocolitis." Voprosy praktičeskoj pediatrii 17, no. 2 (2022): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20953/1817-7646-2022-2-148-152.

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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most severe diseases in preterm newborns. Despite numerous studies analyzing NEC, many aspects of its etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment are still poorly understood. NEC diagnosis at early stages remains extremely challenging. It is early diagnosis that ensures timely treatment initiation and reduces mortality. There is a clear need for early diagnostic biomarkers of NEC, since it will improve treatment outcomes and expand our understanding of NEC pathogenesis. This literature review summarizes information on laboratory and instrumental diagnostics of NEC, which can facilitate the identification of new biomarkers. Key words: necrotizing enterocolitis, preterm infants, newborn, diagnosis

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Pham, Jennifer T., Allison F. Dahlgren, and Phornphat Rasamimari. "Recommendations for Diagnosis and Prevention of Cytomegalovirus-Associated Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Breast-Fed Preterm Infants." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 27, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 180–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-27.2.180.

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We present the case of a breast-fed preterm infant with postnatally acquired cytomegalovirus (CMV) and severe necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) associated with CMV. The infant had persistent severe thrombocytopenia with clinical deterioration despite multiple platelet transfusions and maximal medical treatment. Surgical intervention was not feasible owing to the instability of the infant's condition. Upon identification of CMV in urine, intravenous ganciclovir was initiated with significant clinical improvement. We also present a literature review of cases of CMV-related NEC or other gastrointestinal complications in preterm and term infants.

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Maltais-Bilodeau, Camille, Ewa Henckel, Kelly D. Cobey, Nadera Ahmadzai, Becky Skidmore, Emanuela Ferretti, and Bernard Thébaud. "Efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells in preclinical models of necrotizing enterocolitis: a systematic review protocol." F1000Research 10 (October 5, 2021): 1011. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.73094.1.

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Introduction: Necrotizing enterocolitis is an acute inflammatory disease of the intestine that can lead to necrosis and bowel perforation. It is a severe complication of preterm birth. It’s mortality rate is up to 50% and survival after necrotizing enterocolitis leads to long-term complications. The current treatment is supportive and includes bowel rest and decompression and antibiotics. Thus, new treatments are necessary to reduce mortality and morbidity. Mesenchymal stromal cells are known to have anti-inflammatory properties and might be a promising option for treatment. Here we present a protocol for a systematic review with the aim to explore the efficacy of cell therapies with mesenchymal stromal cells in animal models of necrotizing enterocolitis. The primary outcome is histological signs of necrotizing enterocolitis. Additional outcomes include survival, bowel perforation, gut permeability, gut motility, levels of inflammatory markers, cytokine levels and adverse events. Methods: We will conduct a systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science databases. The retrieved records will be screened individually by two investigators. We will include all preclinical in vivo animal models of experimentally induced necrotizing enterocolitis that evaluate the efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells or other cell therapy treatments. Outcome data will be extracted from each article and risk of bias assessment performed. Funnel plots and SYRCLE’s risk of bias tool for animal studies will be used. Data will be reported as ratios, divided in predefined subgroups where relevant. Conclusions: This systematic review aims to examine the efficacy of mesenchymal stromal cells in preclinical models of necrotizing enterocolitis and whether there is sufficient evidence to support a clinical trial of efficacy and safety of the treatment with mesenchymal stromal cells in infants with necrotizing enterocolitis.

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Дисертації з теми "Necrotizing enterocolitis, infants, treatment"

Zani, A. "Investigation of novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of necrotizing enterocolitis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2013. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1403225/.

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Background/Aim: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in neonates. The aim of this study was to: 1) establish and validate a neonatal rat model of NEC; 2) investigate the use of Captopril, an angiotensinconverting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, in this model; 3) explore stem cells in this model as a new therapeutic strategy for NEC. Methods: 1) Various stress factors were employed to reproduce experimental NEC. Rats were assessed using old and new parameters of evaluation, including weight, survival, clinical conditions and behaviour, macroscopic and microscopic gut appearance. 2) Rats were administered Captopril and assessed for clinical status, body weight and survival rate. Resected intestine was evaluated for gut vessel dilatation and histology. 3) Rats intra-peritoneally injected with Amniotic Fluid Stem (AFS) cells and their controls were analysed for survival, gut macroscopic appearance and histology, immunofluorescence for AFS cell detection, bowel absorption and motility, degree of gut inflammation, and enterocyte apoptosis and proliferation. Results: 1) A neonatal rat model of NEC was established using hyperosmolar formula, hypoxia, and oral lipopolysaccharide. 2) Captopril reduced the severity of gut damage and the incidence of NEC via dilatation of the intestinal vasculature. 3) AFS cells integrated in the bowel wall and improved rat survival and clinical conditions, decreased NEC incidence and macroscopic gut damage, improved intestinal function, decreased bowel inflammation, increased enterocyte proliferation, and reduced apoptosis. The beneficial effect was achieved via modulation of stromal cells expressing COX-2 in the lamina propria, as shown by survival studies using selective and non-selective COX-2 inhibitors. Conclusions: In experimental NEC, both Captopril and AFS cells reduce the severity of intestinal damage and NEC incidence, ameliorating rat clinical conditions. However, AFS cells have the advantage of a powerful effect on mortality. Stem cell therapy may represent a new therapeutic option for infants with NEC.

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Meinzen-Derr, Jareen. "A prediction model for risk of necrotizing enterocolitis among very low birth weight infants /." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2006. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=ucin1148300527.

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MEINZEN-DERR, JAREEN. "A PREDICTION MODEL FOR RISK OF NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS AMONG VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1148300527.

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Viswanathan, Sreekanth K. "STANDARDIZED SLOW ENTERAL FEEDING PROTOCOL AND INCIDENCE OF NECROTIZING ENTEROCOLITIS IN EXTREMELY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1403738800.

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Cohran, Valeria C. "Necrotizing Enterocolitis and Its Impact on Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in 400-1000 Gram Infants: A Population Based Study." Cincinnati, Ohio : University of Cincinnati, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=1092366453.

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Carter, Brigit Maria Holditch-Davis Diane. "Identification of risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants how race, gender, and maternal health status contribute /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2863.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 4, 2010). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Nursing." Discipline: Nursing; Department/School: Nursing.

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Van, Niekerk Evette. "The use of probiotics in the management of necrotising enterocolitis in HIV exposed premature and very-low birth weight infants." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96020.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction: An association between maternal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) in preterm infants has been reported. The impact of probiotics in an HIV-exposed very low birth weight (VLBW) infant on the occurrence of NEC is uncertain at present; however it is known that probiotics have protective effects against inflammation and prevent NEC. Postnatal growth restriction is a major issue in preterm, especially extremely-low-birth-weight (ELBW) infants and probiotics have been found to improve feeding tolerance in preterm infants. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) also known as the prebiotics of human milk, are known to have bifidogenic and anti-adhesive effects. Infants that receive human milk show a reduced incidence of NEC compared to those who receive infant formula. Very little is known about the composition of breast milk in the HIV-infected mother. Objective: The primary objective of the study was to assess the effect of probiotics on the incidence and severity of NEC in high-risk infants born to HIV-positive and HIV-negative women. The secondary objectives were to assess the effect of probiotic administration on feeding tolerance and growth outcomes of HIV-exposed but uninfected preterm infants, to describe the HMO composition of HIV-infected mothers breast milk and lastly to determine if HMO composition affects the incidence of NEC in HIV-exposed preterm very low birth weight infants. Patients and Methods: A randomized, double blind, placebo controlled trial was conducted for the period July 2011 to August 2012. HIV-exposed and HIV-unexposed premature (<34 weeks gestation) infants with a birth weight of ≥500g and ≤1250g were randomized to receive either a probiotic or a placebo. The probiotic consisted of 1x109 CFU, L. rhamnosus GG and B. infantis per day and was administered for 28 days. NEC was graded according to Bell’s criteria. Anthropometrical parameters and daily intakes were monitored. Breats milk samples were analysed for oligosaccharide content. Results: 74 HIV-exposed and 110 HIV-unexposed infants were enrolled and randomized (mean birth-weight, 987g; mean gestational 28.7 weeks). The incidence of death and NEC did not differ significantly between the HIV-exposed and unexposed groups but a significantly higher NEC incidence was found in the control group. There was no difference in the average daily weight gain for treatment groups or HIV exposure. The HIV-exposed group achieved significantly higher z-scores for length and head circumference at day 28 than the unexposed group (p<0.01 and p=0.03, respectively). There were no differences in the incidence of any signs of feeding intolerance and abdominal distension between the groups. Our results show significantly higher absolute concentrations of 2’-fucosyllactose, laco-N-tetraose and lacto-N-fucopentaose 1 and higher relative abundance of 3’-sialyllactose, difucosyl-lacto-N-tetraose and fucosyl-disialyllacto-N-hexaose in HIV-infected compared to -uninfected Secretor women. DSLNT concentrations were significantly lower in the breast milk of mothers whose infants developed NEC compared to infants without NEC. Conclusion: Probiotic supplementation reduced the incidence of NEC in the premature infants; however results failed to show a lower incidence of NEC in HIV-exposed premature infants. Probiotic supplementation did not affect growth outcomes or the incidence of any signs of feeding intolerance in HIV-exposure. The data confirms previous reports that HIV-infected mothers have higher 3’sialyllactose milk concentrations. Most intriguing though, the data also indicates that low levels of DSLNT in the mother’s milk increase the infant’s risk for NEC, which is in accordance with results from previously published animal studies and warrants further investigation.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding: ŉ Verwantskap tussen moederlike menslike immuniteitsgebreksvirus (MIV) en nekrotiserende enterokolitis (NEK) in premature babas is aangemeld. Die impak van probiotika in ŉ MIV-blootgestelde baie lae geboortemassa (BLGM) baba op die voorkoms van NEK is tans nog onseker, maar dit is wel bekend dat probiotika ŉ beskermende effek het teen inflammasie en die voorkoms van NEK. Nageboortelike groei beperkings is ŉ groot probleem in premature, veral ekstreme lae geboortemassa (ELGM) babas. Daar is gevind dat probiotika voeding toleransie in premature babas kan verbeter. Menslike melk oligosakkariede (MMO), ook bekend as die prebiotika van menslike melk, is bekend om bifidogeniese en anti-kleef effekte te hê. Babas wat moedersmelk ontvang toon ŉ verlaagde voorkoms van NEK in vergelyking met diegene wat baba formule melk ontvang. Baie min inligting is bekend oor die samestelling van borsmelk in die MIV-positiewe moeder. Doel: Die primêre doel van die studie was om die effek van probiotika op die voorkoms en die graad van NEK in hoë risiko babas van MIV-positiewe en MIV-negatiewe vroue te bepaal. Die sekondêre doelwitte was om die effek van probiotika op voeding verdraagsaamheid en groei uitkomste van MIV-blootgestelde, maar nie- geinfekteerde premature babas te evalueer sowel as die MMO samestelling van MIV-positiewe moeders se borsmelk te beskryf en laastens om die invloed van die MMO samestelling op die voorkoms van NEK in baie lae geboortegewig MIV-blootgestelde premature babas te beskryf. Pasiënte en Metodes: ŉ Gerandomiseerde, dubbelblinde, plasebo-beheerde studie is vir die tydperk Julie 2011 tot Augustus 2012 onderneem. MIV-blootgestelde en nie-blootgestelde premature (<34 weke) babas met 'n geboorte gewig van ≥500g en ≤1250g was ewekansig verdeel om probiotika of plasebo te ontvang. Die probiotika het bestaan uit 1x109 kolonie vormende eenhede, L. rhamnosus GG en B. infantis per dag en is toegedien vir 28 dae. NEK is gegradeer volgens Bell se kriteria. Antropometriese parameters en daaglikse inname is gemonitor. Borsmelk monsters is geanaliseer vir oligosakkaried inhoud. Resultate: 74 MIV-blootgestelde en 110 MIV-nie-blootgestelde babas is ingesluit en ewekansig ingedeel (gemiddelde geboorte gewig, 987g, gemiddelde gestasie 28,7 weke). Die voorkoms van die sterftes en NEK het nie beduidend verskil tussen die MIV-blootgestelde en nie-blootgestelde groepe nie, maar 'n beduidende verskil is gevind vir NEK voorkoms tussen die studie en die kontrole groep. Daar was geen verskil in die gemiddelde daaglikse gewigstoename tussen die behandelings groepe of MIV-blootstelling nie. Die MIV-blootgestelde groep het beduidend hoër z-tellings vir lengte en kopomtrek op dag 28 getoon teenoor die nie-blootgestelde groep (p <0.01 en p = 0,03, onderskeidelik). Daar was geen verskille in die voorkoms van voeding onverdraagsaamheid en abdominale distensie tussen die twee groepe nie. Ons resultate dui op aansienlik hoër absolute konsentrasies van 2'-fucosyllactose, laco-N-tetraose en lakto-N-fucopentaose 1 en hoër relatiewe voorkoms van 3'-sialyllactose, difucosyl-lakto-N-tetraose en fucosyl-disialyllacto-N-hexaose in MIV-positiewe vroue in vergelyking met-negatiewe Sekretor vroue. DSLNT konsentrasies was aansienlik laer in die melk van moeders wie se babas NEK ontwikkel het in vergelyking met babas sonder NEK. Gevolgtrekking: Probiotika aanvullings verminder die voorkoms van NEK in premature babas, maar die resultate kon nie ŉ laer voorkoms van NEK in MIV-blootgestelde premature babas bewys nie. Probiotiese aanvulling het geen invloed op groei uitkomste of die voorkoms van voeding onverdraagsaamheid in MIV-blootstelling getoon nie. Die data bevestig vorige verslae wat aandui dat MIV-besmette moeders hoër 3'sialyllactose borsmelk konsentrasies het. ŉ Interessante aspek is dat lae vlakke van DSLNT in die moeder se melk beduidend is van ŉ verhoogde risiko vir NEK, wat in ooreenstemming is met die resultate uit voorheen gepubliseerde dier studies en regverdig verdere ondersoeke.

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Spaargaren, Elizabeth. "Clinical characteristics and prevalence of necrotizing enterocolitis among infants with dysphagia using SimplyThick." Thesis, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/23722.

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INTRODUCTION: Infants who have dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) are often recommended thickened oral liquids, which can be easier to swallow and allow infants to continue feeding orally. In the last decade, a xanthan gum thickener, SimplyThick®, was commonly used in preterm infants with dysphagia because of its ability to thicken breast milk. In 2011, the FDA cautioned against the use of SimplyThick in preterm infants, because of case reports of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a condition where the bowel becomes inflamed and can lead to intestinal perforation or necrosis, systemic infection, the failure of multiple organs and death (Moore, 2016; Press Announcements, 2011). However, since the FDA warning, there have been no studies examining the prevalence of necrotizing enterocolitis in infants who consume SimplyThick. AIMS: Among infants at BCH who used SimplyThick and other thickeners at <1-year old between October 1st, 2012- December 31st, 2015 to 1) describe the patients’ clinical characteristics, including indications for SimplyThick and other thickeners and 2) determine the prevalence of necrotizing enterocolitis and adverse effects. METHODS: We performed a retrospective chart review in infants who had been seen at Boston Children’s Hospital, and prescribed or recommended SimplyThick thickener under the age of 1 (defined as from 0 up to and including 12 months) from October 1, 2012 to December 31, 2015. We collected information from electronic medical records and an existing quality improvement database of infants who had an abnormal modified barium swallow study. We collected information regarding clinical variables (e.g. patient age, patient sex, patient weight, gestational age at birth, clinical indications), nutritional information, and outcomes (presence of NEC or other adverse effects). These data were entered into a REDCap database and analyzed using SAS statistical software. RESULTS: We identified 20 cases of infants meeting our inclusion criteria. The duration of follow-up ranged from 6 months to 9.3 months. This follow up was either until the case turned 12 months of age or 6 months after the use of SimplyThick if the age started SimplyThick was greater than 6 months old. Mean corrected age at the time that SimplyThick was started was 6.2 months (range, 2.7 to 10.6 months), and 6 (30%) were born preterm at a gestational age ranging from 24.7 to 36.5 weeks. In cases that eventually stopped using SimplyThick (14 cases, 70%), SimplyThick was continued for a mean duration of 42.1 weeks (range 1.1 to 117.1 weeks). The most common indications for SimplyThick were aspiration documented on a modified barium swallow test, dysphagia and GERD. The most common reasons for discontinuation of SimplyThick were no longer requiring thickened feeds, or needing to stop oral feeding. No cases of necrotizing enterocolitis were reported among the 20 subjects. No adverse effects of SimplyThick were reported. CONCLUSION: Among 20 infants started on SimplyThick at 6.2 months and followed for up to 6 to 9.3 months, there were no cases of necrotizing enterocolitis. Further data collection is required to confirm these findings.
2019-07-11T00:00:00Z

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Chowdhury, Allison. "The benefits of donor human breastmilk in preterm infants." Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/41200.

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For most of human history, breastfeeding has been the optimal source of nutrition for infants. Human milk contains a variety of important nutritional sources including vitamins, fats, proteins, and immunological components. With the rise of artificial infant formulas, however, breastfeeding as a whole has decreased around the world. Preterm infants are especially susceptible to diseases such as necrotizing enterocolitis in the first few weeks of life. Therefore, they have the most to gain from the extra immunological and nutritional support that is present in human milk. Within the last few decades, donor human milk has been viewed as the next best option if mothers own milk is not available. Donor human milk contains many of the same beneficial milk properties as regular human milk including immunoglobulins and human milk oligosaccharides. Studies have shown decreases in preterm cases of NEC and fewer deaths in infants who received DHM. One argument against the use of DHM is that pasteurization can reduce the beneficial enzymes and immunoglobulins present in samples. However, the increased use of human milk fortifiers has been able to significantly decrease the nutrient gap between regular human milk and donor milk. Overall, DHM along with proper fortification serves as the best and most cost effective way to feed preterm infants if mother’s milk is unavailable.

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"Necrotizing enterocolitis versus spontaneous intestinal perforation in high risk neonates: comparative investigations of plasma profiles of immunoregulatory proteins and specific expressions in intestinal tissues." 2011. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5894836.

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Анотація:

Leung, Wan Lun Fiona.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2011.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 179-204).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
中文摘要 --- p.v
Acknowledgement --- p.viii
List of Abbreviations and Symbols x --- p.vi
List of Tables --- p.xx
List of Figures --- p.xxi
Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- General Overview --- p.1
Chapter 1.2 --- Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) --- p.3
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Epidemiology of NEC --- p.3
Chapter 1.2.2 --- "Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis and Management of NEC" --- p.5
Chapter 1.2.3 --- Pathophysiology of NEC --- p.9
Chapter 1.2.3.1 --- Prematurity --- p.9
Chapter 1.2.3.2 --- Bacterial Colonization --- p.12
Chapter 1.2.3.3 --- Enteral Feeding --- p.15
Chapter 1.2.3.4 --- Hypoxia and Ischemia --- p.16
Chapter 1.2.3.5 --- Genetic Polymorphism --- p.17
Chapter 1.2.3.6 --- Inflammatory Mediators --- p.20
Chapter 1.3 --- Spontaneous Intestinal Perforation (SIP) --- p.24
Chapter 1.3.1 --- Epidemiology of SIP --- p.24
Chapter 1.3.2 --- "Clinical Presentation, Diagnosis and Management of SIP" --- p.26
Chapter 1.3.3 --- Risk Factors of SIP --- p.28
Chapter 1.3.3.1 --- Prematurity --- p.29
Chapter 1.3.3.2 --- Use of Drugs --- p.30
Chapter 1.4 --- Comparison between NEC and SIP --- p.32
Chapter 1.5 --- Role of Cytokines in Pathogenesis of NEC and SIP --- p.38
Chapter 1.6 --- Immunoregulatory Molecules of Interest in This Study --- p.46
Chapter 1.6.1 --- Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) --- p.46
Chapter 1.6.2 --- v-erb-b2 Erythroblastic Leukemia Viral Oncogene Homolog 2 (avian) (ErbB3) --- p.48
Chapter 1.6.3 --- Type II Interleukin-1 Receptor (IL-1RII) --- p.52
Chapter 1.6.4 --- Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor (uPAR) --- p.54
Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- Objectives --- p.57
Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- Materials and Methodology --- p.58
Chapter 3.1 --- Overview of the Experimental Procedures --- p.58
Chapter 3.1.1 --- Investigation on the Profile of Circulatory Immunoregulatory Proteins in Plasma of NEC and SIP High Risk Neonates --- p.58
Chapter 3.1.2 --- Investigation on the mRNA Expression Level of Targeted Immunoregulatory Molecules on Resected Intestinal Tissues in NEC and SIP Neonates --- p.58
Chapter 3.1.3 --- Investigation on the mRNA and Protein Expression Levels of Targeted Immunoregulatory Molecules in Human Intestinal Cell Lines --- p.60
Chapter 3.2 --- Reagents and Lab-wares with Their Sources --- p.61
Chapter 3.3 --- Study Population --- p.63
Chapter 3.4 --- Collection of Neonatal Whole Blood Samples --- p.65
Chapter 3.5 --- Cytokine Antibody Array Analyses --- p.67
Chapter 3.6 --- Enzyme-linked Immunosorbant Assays (ELISA) --- p.69
Chapter 3.6.1 --- Angiopoietin-2 --- p.69
Chapter 3.6.2 --- sErbB3 --- p.71
Chapter 3.6.3 --- sIL-lRII --- p.72
Chapter 3.6.4 --- suPAR --- p.74
Chapter 3.7 --- Collection of Neonatal Resected Intestinal Tissues --- p.76
Chapter 3.8 --- Resected Intestinal Tissue RNA Isolation --- p.78
Chapter 3.9 --- Purity Assessment of the Purified Tissue RNA Samples --- p.80
Chapter 3.10 --- Integrity Assessment of the Purified Tissue RNA Samples --- p.81
Chapter 3.11 --- In vitro Stimulation of Human Enterocytes by Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and/or Platelet Activating Factor (PAF) --- p.84
Chapter 3.12 --- mRNA Expression Level Assessment of Selected Target Genes in Resected Intestinal Tissues and Human Intestinal Cell Lines --- p.86
Chapter 3.12.1 --- Synthesis of First Strand cDNA --- p.86
Chapter 3.12.2 --- Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) --- p.87
Chapter 3.13 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.89
Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- Screening of Immunoregulatory Target Protein Molecules in Plasma of NEC and SIP Patients by Cytokine Array Analyses --- p.104
Chapter 4.1 --- Results --- p.104
Chapter 4.1.1 --- Screening of Detectable Immunoregulatory Target Molecules --- p.104
Chapter 4.1.2 --- Selection of Target Molecules Based on the Fold Change in NEC or SIP Compared with Control Samples --- p.105
Chapter 4.1.2.1 --- Similar Regulation of Target Molecules in Both NEC and SIP patients --- p.105
Chapter 4.1.2.2 --- Differential regulation of Target Molecules in NEC and SIP Patients --- p.106
Chapter 4.1.2.3 --- "Relative Normalized Expressions of Selected Circulatory Immunoregulatory Protein Molecules in NEC, SIP and Control Neonates" --- p.108
Chapter 4.1.2.3.1 --- Anti-inflammation --- p.108
Chapter 4.1.2.3.2 --- Pro-inflammation --- p.109
Chapter 4.1.2.3.3 --- Cell Growth --- p.110
Chapter 4.1.2.3.4 --- Wound Healing --- p.110
Chapter 4.1.2.3.5 --- Angiogenesis --- p.111
Chapter 4.1.2.3.6 --- "Anti-apoptosis, Cell Adhesion and Extracellular Matrix Organization" --- p.112
Chapter 4.1.3 --- Further Selection of Novel Target Molecules Based on Statistical Significance and Fold Change of NEC versus SIP --- p.113
Chapter 4.2 --- Discussion --- p.115
Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- Validation of Target Proteins in Plasma of NEC and SIP Patients by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbant Assay --- p.132
Chapter 5.1 --- Results --- p.133
Chapter 5.1.1 --- Demographic Data of the Study Group --- p.133
Chapter 5.1.2 --- "Comparison of Plasma Levels of Target Proteins between NEC, SIP and Respective Controls" --- p.134
Chapter 5.1.3 --- Longitudinal Study of the Pre- and Post-operative Target Proteins Levels in Plasma --- p.136
Chapter 5.2 --- Discussion --- p.138
Chapter CHAPTER SIX --- Investigation on mRNA Expression Levels of Target Immunoregulatory Protein Molecules in Intestinal Tissue and Intestinal Cell Lines --- p.151
Chapter 6.1 --- Results --- p.152
Chapter 6.1.1 --- mRNA Expression Levels of Target Molecules in the Diseased Margin of Resected Intestinal Tissues of NEC and SIP patients --- p.152
Chapter 6.1.2 --- mRNA Expression Levels of Target Molecules in the Macroscopically Normal and Diseased Margin of Resected Intestinal Tissues of NEC and SIP patients --- p.154
Chapter 6.1.3 --- mRNA Expression Levels of Target Molecules in Human Intestinal Cell Lines upon LPS and PAF Challenge --- p.156
Chapter 6.1.3.1 --- FHs-74 Int Cell Line --- p.156
Chapter 6.1.3.2 --- Caco-2 Cell Line --- p.157
Chapter 6.2 --- Discussion --- p.158
Chapter CHAPTER SEVEN --- General Discussion --- p.171
Chapter 7.1 --- Overall Findings --- p.171
Chapter 7.2 --- Limitations of Study --- p.174
Chapter 7.3 --- Future Investigations --- p.177
References --- p.179

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F, Gilchrist Brian, ed. Necrotizing enterocolitis. Georgetown, Tex: Eurekah.com, 2000.

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Stirt, Joseph A. Baby. Far Hills, N.J: New Horizon Press, 1992.

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Hackam, David J. Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Hackam, David J. Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Hackam, David J. Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.

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Hackam, David J. Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Hackam, David J. Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment. Taylor & Francis Group, 2020.

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Hylton, Jared, and Sarah Deverman. Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Edited by Kirk Lalwani, Ira Todd Cohen, Ellen Y. Choi, and Vidya T. Raman. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190685157.003.0001.

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Анотація:

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a potentially life-threatening condition that affects mainly preterm infants. It is one of the most common surgical emergencies in the neonatal intensive care unit. While medical management is the first line of treatment, if that fails, NEC becomes a surgical emergency, and the pediatric anesthesiologist must be prepared. This chapter covers the pathogenesis, risk factors, clinical presentation and diagnosis, prevention, medical and surgical management, pre- and intraoperative anesthetic assessment, and postoperative management of NEC. Topics covered include intestinal perforation, necrotizing enterocolitis, neonatal anesthesia, pneumatosis intestinalis, prematurity, and ventilatory management. The chapter ends with review questions on the chapter’s content.

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Hackam, David J. Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Insights into Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment. World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 2017.

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Viscardi, Rose M., and Ken B. Waites. Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190604813.003.0022.

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The Mycoplasma species Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum colonize the human adult urogenital tract and are not typically associated with disease. Perinatal transmission, however, has been implicated in the pathogenesis of preterm birth, chorioamnionitis, and other complications of extreme prematurity, including neonatal pneumonitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), meningitis, and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). This chapter reviews the biology of these organisms. Epidemiologic and experimental evidence supporting a role for ureaplasmas in the pathogenesis of neonatal disease, clinical manifestations of infection in the infant, current microbiologic diagnostic methods, and the present status of treatment options are reviewed. Macrolide antibiotic therapy is controversial for infected infants, and current concepts regarding candidates for treatment are discussed. Key unanswered questions that need to be addressed in future research studies are also suggested.

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